Protein mulberry production process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of protein mulberry feed, and discloses a protein mulberry production process, which comprises the following steps: raw material collection and pretreatment, crushing and fermentation preparation, fermentation treatment, drying and granulation, and packaging and storage. Through measurement by an authoritative professional detection mechanism by using advanced detection equipment and method, compared with the traditional process, the protein mulberry feed produced by the process has the advantages that the retention rate of crude protein is greatly improved by 5%, the retention rate of heat-sensitive vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin C is improved by 12%, and the content of mineral elements basically realizes zero loss; the harsh requirements of livestock and poultry growth on various nutrient substances are comprehensively and fully met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of protein mulberry feed, in particular to a protein mulberry production process. Background Art

[0002] With the booming global animal husbandry industry, the scale of livestock and poultry farming continues to expand, and the demand for high-quality feed has shown an explosive growth trend. The prices of traditional feed raw materials, such as corn and soybean meal, have been rising like wild horses due to the influence of multiple complex factors such as limited planting area, climate change impact and international market fluctuations. This has undoubtedly brought heavy pressure on the production costs of animal husbandry and severely compressed the profit margins of breeding companies. At the same time, with the rapid advancement of animal husbandry technology, the requirements for feed nutrients have become more and more stringent. Some traditional feeds are no longer able to meet the urgent needs of rapid growth, efficient production and healthy breeding of livestock in terms of key indicators such as amino acid balance, vitamin and mineral content.

[0003] As a new type of feed raw material that has emerged, protein mulberry has attracted much attention in recent years. It grows very quickly. Under a suitable natural environment, it can be harvested 4-6 times a year, and the yield per mu is quite considerable, up to 4,000 kg. The leaves and twigs of protein mulberry contain rich and diverse nutrients, and the amino acid composition is extremely balanced, covering a variety of key amino acids necessary for livestock growth. Not only that, it is also rich in a variety of vitamins, such as B vitamins, vitamin E, etc., as well as mineral elements such as iron, zinc, and selenium. However, the current production process of protein mulberry feed has many problems that need to be overcome. In the raw material collection link, the traditional collection method often lacks precision, which can easily lead to uneven quality of the collected raw materials, impurities mixed in, and seriously affect the subsequent processing process. The crushing process lacks scientific and precise control means, and cannot properly meet the actual needs of fermentation technology and livestock and poultry feeding. The fermentation process is even more problematic. The selection of single strains and rough fermentation conditions have resulted in a large loss of nutrients in protein mulberry, unsatisfactory palatability of the feed, and low feed intake. The high temperature environment during the drying process is like a double-edged sword. While removing moisture, it also ruthlessly destroys many heat-sensitive nutrients in the protein mulberry, greatly reducing the nutritional value of the feed. In terms of storage, due to unreasonable packaging materials and storage conditions, the feed is very prone to deterioration such as oxidation and has a short shelf life, which seriously restricts the widespread application of protein mulberry feed in animal husbandry and the development of its industrialization. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a protein mulberry production process to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a protein mulberry production process, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material collection and pretreatment: When the protein mulberry grows to a plant height of 30cm-250cm, and the leaves are fresh and tender with a moisture content of 15%-65%, professional branch cutting equipment and manual fine picking are used; S2, crushing and fermentation preparation: the drained protein mulberry raw material is sent to a crusher and crushed into particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm, and then a composite fermentation agent accounting for 2%-5% of the total mass of the raw material is added to the crushed raw material, wherein the composite fermentation agent includes lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2:3, and the moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to 2%-4% after mixing evenly; S3, fermentation treatment: the raw materials treated as above are placed in a sealed fermentation container, and anaerobically fermented for 1-2 days at a temperature of 35°C-40°C and a relative humidity of 20%-45%, during which the fermentation container is slightly shaken regularly to ensure fermentation uniformity; S4. Drying and granulation: After fermentation, the material is transported to the low-temperature drying equipment and dried at a temperature not exceeding 25°C to reduce the moisture content of the material to 5%-8%. The dried material is made into granular feed with a particle size of 3mm-6mm through a granulator.

[0006] S5. Packaging and storage: After the granulated protein mulberry feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged with moisture-proof and sealed packaging materials and stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse. The warehouse temperature is controlled at 20℃-25℃ and the relative humidity is controlled below 20%.

[0007] Optionally, S1 includes: selecting fresh and tender protein mulberry branches and complete leaves with a length of 15 cm to 120 cm for collection; The collected raw materials are then transported to the vibration screening device, which is driven by a variable frequency motor. The vibration frequency is precisely adjusted within the range of 45Hz-90Hz, the amplitude is controlled within 5mm-15mm, and the screening time is 20min-55min, so as to efficiently remove sand, gravel, dead leaves and other impurities. The screened raw materials are then placed in a high-pressure spray cleaning device and rinsed with clean water at a water pressure of 5 MPa and a flow rate of 2 L / min for 3-5 minutes to ensure that the surface of the raw materials is clean and free of residual pollutants. After rinsing, a centrifugal dehydration device is used to drain the raw materials at a speed of 50r / min for 5 minutes.

[0008] Optionally, the low-temperature drying equipment adopts vacuum freeze drying technology or hot air circulation drying technology. When the hot air circulation drying technology is adopted, the hot air speed is 3m / s-5m / s.

[0009] Optionally, during the fermentation process, when the fermentation time reaches 15% of the total fermentation time, the fermentation container is opened for short ventilation with a ventilation time of 2 min-5 min and a ventilation flow rate of 4 L / min-6 L / min to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms.

[0010] Optionally, the protein mulberry feed has a crude protein content of not less than 15%, a crude fat content of 15%-20%, a crude fiber content of not more than 20%, and is rich in vitamins and mineral elements.

[0011] Optionally, the grinder adopts a double-shaft shearing type crushing structure, and an adjustable wear-resistant blade is arranged in the crushing chamber. The blade is made of titanium alloy. By adjusting the gap between the blades and the speed difference of the double shafts, the particle size of the protein mulberry raw material can be precisely controlled. The speed difference range of the double shafts is 560r / min-1500r / min.

[0012] Optionally, before packaging, the pelletized protein mulberry feed is tested for metal impurities using a metal detector. The device has a detection accuracy of 0.5g and can detect iron, copper, and aluminum metal impurities mixed in the feed to ensure product quality and safety. If metal impurities are detected, the feed particles containing impurities are manually removed.

[0013] Optionally, during the storage process, the feed in the warehouse is sampled and tested regularly, and the test items include the moisture content, microbial content and nutrient content of the feed. The moisture content is tested by the calcium carbonate moisture test method, the microbial content is tested by the microbial biochemical test method, and the nutrient content is tested by the nutritional chemistry test method; according to the test results, the temperature and humidity control parameters of the warehouse and the ventilation frequency are adjusted in time to ensure the stability of the quality of the feed during storage. When the moisture content of the feed exceeds 20% or the microbial content exceeds 1% of the overall mass, the batch of feed is specially treated, such as re-drying or adding mildew inhibitors.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a protein mulberry production process, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The protein mulberry production process uses precise and scientific process control methods such as low-temperature drying. It is measured by an authoritative professional testing agency using advanced testing equipment and methods. The crude protein retention rate of the protein mulberry feed produced by this process is significantly increased by 5% compared with the traditional process, and the retention rate of heat-sensitive vitamins such as vitamins A and C is increased by 12%. The mineral element content is basically zero loss, which fully and comprehensively meets the stringent needs of livestock and poultry for various nutrients.

[0015] 2. In the fermentation process of protein mulberry production process, the microbial metabolic activity is extremely active, producing a variety of rich flavor substances. Through precise analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, as many as three new flavor substances were added to the feed, which significantly improved the aroma and palatability of the feed. Through carefully designed livestock and poultry feeding comparative experiments, the use of protein mulberry feed produced by this process has greatly increased the feed intake of livestock and poultry by 20% compared with unfermented feed, and the growth rate has been significantly accelerated, effectively improving the economic benefits of breeding.

[0016] 3. The protein mulberry production process, reasonable and scientific packaging and storage conditions, combined with the naturally formed low pH acidic environment during fermentation, can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms. After professional accelerated aging experiments and long-term strict storage monitoring, the shelf life of feed produced by this process has been successfully extended to 24 months, which is 6 months longer than the traditional process, greatly reducing the loss of feed during storage and transportation, and improving the market competitiveness of the product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a technical solution: a protein mulberry production process, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material collection and pretreatment: When the protein mulberry grows to a height of 30cm-250cm and the leaves are fresh and tender with a moisture content of 15%-65%, professional branch shearing equipment and manual fine picking are used to select fresh and tender protein mulberry branches and complete leaves with a length of 15cm-120cm for collection; The collected raw materials are then transported to the vibration screening device, which is driven by a variable frequency motor. The vibration frequency is precisely adjusted within the range of 45Hz-90Hz, the amplitude is controlled within 5mm-15mm, and the screening time is 20min-55min, so as to efficiently remove sand, gravel, dead leaves and other impurities. The screened raw materials are then placed in a high-pressure spray cleaning device and rinsed with clean water at a water pressure of 5 MPa and a flow rate of 2 L / min for 3-5 minutes to ensure that the surface of the raw materials is clean and free of residual pollutants. After rinsing, a centrifugal dehydration device is used to drain the raw materials at a speed of 50r / min for 5 minutes.

[0019] S2, crushing and fermentation preparation: the drained protein mulberry raw material is sent to a crusher and crushed into particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm, and then a composite fermentation agent accounting for 2%-5% of the total mass of the raw material is added to the crushed raw material, the composite fermentation agent includes lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio is 1:2:3. After mixing evenly, the moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to 2%-4%; S3. Fermentation treatment: The raw materials treated as above are placed in a sealed fermentation container and anaerobically fermented for 1-2 days at a temperature of 35°C-40°C and a relative humidity of 20%-45%. During this period, the fermentation container is slightly shaken regularly to ensure the uniformity of fermentation. During the fermentation treatment, when the fermentation time reaches 15% of the total fermentation time, the fermentation container is opened for short ventilation with a ventilation time of 2min-5min and a ventilation flow rate of 4L / min-6L / min to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms.

[0020] S4, Drying and granulation: After fermentation, the material is transported to the low-temperature drying equipment and dried at a temperature not exceeding 25°C to reduce the moisture content of the material to 5%-8%. The dried material is made into pellet feed with a particle size of 3mm-6mm by a granulator. The low-temperature drying equipment adopts vacuum freeze drying technology or hot air circulation drying technology. When hot air circulation drying technology is used, the hot air speed is 3m / s-5m / s.

[0021] S5. Packaging and storage: After the granulated protein mulberry feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged with moisture-proof and sealed packaging materials and stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse. The warehouse temperature is controlled at 20℃-25℃ and the relative humidity is controlled below 20%.

[0022] The crude protein content of protein mulberry feed is not less than 15%, the crude fat content is 15%-20%, the crude fiber content is not higher than 20%, and it is rich in vitamins and mineral elements.

[0023] The grinder adopts a double-shaft shearing crushing structure. An adjustable wear-resistant blade is set in the crushing chamber. The blade is made of titanium alloy. By adjusting the gap between the blades and the speed difference of the double shafts, the particle size of the protein mulberry raw material can be accurately controlled. The speed difference range of the double shafts is 560r / min-1500r / min.

[0024] Before packaging, the pelletized protein mulberry feed is tested for metal impurities using a metal detector. The device has a detection accuracy of 0.5g and can detect iron, copper, and aluminum metal impurities mixed in the feed to ensure product quality and safety. If metal impurities are detected, the feed particles containing impurities are manually removed.

[0025] During the storage process, the feed in the warehouse is sampled and tested regularly, and the test items include the moisture content, microbial content and nutrient content of the feed. The moisture content is tested using the calcium carbonate moisture test method, the microbial content is tested using the microbial biochemical test method, and the nutrient content is tested using the nutritional chemistry test method; according to the test results, the temperature and humidity control parameters of the warehouse and the ventilation frequency are adjusted in time to ensure the stability of the quality of the feed during storage. When the moisture content of the feed exceeds 20% or the microbial content exceeds 1% of the overall mass, the batch of feed is specially treated, such as re-drying or adding mildew inhibitors.

[0026] The above generally describes the present invention in detail, but it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A protein mulberry production process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Raw material collection and pretreatment: When the protein mulberry grows to a plant height of 30cm-250cm, and the leaves are fresh and tender with a moisture content of 15%-65%, professional branch cutting equipment and manual fine picking are used; S2, crushing and fermentation preparation: the drained protein mulberry raw material is sent to a crusher and crushed into particles with a particle size of 2-6 mm, and then a composite fermentation agent accounting for 2%-5% of the total mass of the raw material is added to the crushed raw material, wherein the composite fermentation agent includes lactic acid bacteria, yeast and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:2:3, and the moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to 2%-4% after mixing evenly; S3, fermentation treatment: the raw materials treated as above are placed in a sealed fermentation container, and anaerobically fermented for 1-2 days at a temperature of 35°C-40°C and a relative humidity of 20%-45%, during which the fermentation container is slightly shaken regularly to ensure fermentation uniformity; S4, drying and granulation: the fermented material is transported to the low-temperature drying equipment and dried at a temperature not exceeding 25°C to reduce the moisture content of the material to 5%-8%. The dried material is made into pellet feed with a particle size of 3mm-6mm by a granulator; S5. Packaging and storage: After the granulated protein mulberry feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged with moisture-proof and sealed packaging materials and stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse. The warehouse temperature is controlled at 20℃-25℃ and the relative humidity is controlled below 20%.

2. A protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 includes: S1 includes: Select fresh and tender mulberry branches and complete leaves with a length of 15cm-120cm for collection; The collected raw materials are then transported to the vibration screening device, which is driven by a variable frequency motor. The vibration frequency is precisely adjusted within the range of 45Hz-90Hz, the amplitude is controlled within the range of 5mm-15mm, and the screening time is 20min-55min, so as to efficiently remove sand, gravel, dead leaves and other impurities. The screened raw materials are then placed in a high-pressure spray cleaning device and rinsed with clean water at a water pressure of 5 MPa and a flow rate of 2 L / min for 3-5 minutes to ensure that the surface of the raw materials is clean and free of residual pollutants. After rinsing, a centrifugal dehydration device is used to drain the raw materials at a speed of 50r / min for 5 minutes.

3. The protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature drying equipment adopts vacuum freeze drying technology or hot air circulation drying technology. When the hot air circulation drying technology is adopted, the hot air speed is 3m / s-5m / s.

4. The protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fermentation process, when the fermentation time reaches 15% of the total fermentation time, the fermentation container is opened for short ventilation. The ventilation time is 2min-5min and the ventilation flow rate is 4L / min-6L / min to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms.

5. The protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protein mulberry feed has a crude protein content of not less than 15%, a crude fat content of 15%-20%, a crude fiber content of not more than 20%, and is rich in vitamins and mineral elements.

6. The protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverizer adopts a double-shaft shearing pulverizing structure, and an adjustable wear-resistant blade is arranged in the pulverizing chamber. The blade is made of titanium alloy. By adjusting the gap between the blades and the speed difference of the double shafts, the particle size of the protein mulberry raw material can be accurately controlled. The speed difference range of the double shafts is 560r / min-1500r / min.

7. The protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before packaging, the pelletized protein mulberry feed is tested for metal impurities using a metal detector. The device has a detection accuracy of 0.5g and can detect iron, copper, and aluminum metal impurities mixed in the feed to ensure product quality and safety. If metal impurities are detected, the feed particles containing impurities are manually removed.

8. The protein mulberry production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the storage process, the feed in the warehouse is sampled and tested regularly. The test items include the moisture content, microbial content and nutrient content of the feed. The moisture content is tested using the calcium carbonate moisture test method, the microbial content is tested using the microbial biochemical test method, and the nutrient content is tested using the nutritional chemistry test method. According to the test results, the warehouse's temperature and humidity control parameters and ventilation frequency are adjusted in a timely manner to ensure the stability of the feed quality during storage. When the moisture content of the feed exceeds 20% or the microbial content exceeds 1% of the overall mass, the batch of feed is subjected to special treatment, such as re-drying or adding mildew inhibitors.