Method for preparing three-phase interface adjustable nano-particle arrangement micro-fluidic chip

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a three-phase interface adjustable nano-particle arrangement micro-fluidic chip. The method comprises the following steps: S1, pre-treating the micro-fluidic chip; s2, preparing three-phase fluid of water, gas and oil through a high-precision injection pump, and injecting the three-phase fluid into a fluid inlet of the micro-fluidic chip; s3, preparing and injecting a nano-particle solution into a nano-particle capturing area of the micro-fluidic chip; s4, controlling the arrangement and concentration of the nanoparticle solution by adjusting an electric field on the micro-fluidic chip; s5, monitoring the stability of the three-phase fluid and the behavior of the nanoparticle solution on a three-phase interface in real time through a microscope and a sensor; step S6, analyzing and evaluating the behavior data collected in the step S5; step S7, cleaning the micro-fluidic chip; according to the method for preparing the three-phase interface adjustable nano-particle arrangement micro-fluidic chip, the arrangement, distribution and concentration of nano-particles are controlled by accurately adjusting an electric field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the fields of microfluidic technology and nanoparticle technology, and in particular to a method for a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface. Background Art

[0002] In the processes of oil and gas extraction, emulsification, gas-liquid separation, etc., oil, gas and water often form a complex three-phase system. The stability of the three-phase interface has a crucial impact on the efficiency and effect of these processes. Specifically, the three-phase interface not only directly determines the effect of the separation process, but also affects the emulsification efficiency, reaction rate and system stability. In the oil and gas separation process, the core of oil-water separation technology is to maintain the stability of the interface between oil and water; in the emulsification process, the interface stability between oil and water determines the particle size distribution and emulsification effect of the emulsion; and in gas-liquid separation, the interface stability between bubbles and liquid directly affects the size and distribution of bubbles and the merging and rupture process of bubbles.

[0003] Traditional three-phase interface control methods usually rely on surfactants, catalysts or physical means to adjust the stability of the interface. Surfactants and catalysts improve the stability of the interface by reducing interfacial tension or promoting chemical reactions, but their use is usually accompanied by environmental pollution, toxicity and other problems. Physical means cannot accurately control the distribution of particles at the nanoscale, and the effects of these methods are strongly affected by operating conditions, making it difficult to meet the needs of efficient and precise control. Therefore, traditional technologies often have certain limitations, especially in complex systems that require high-precision control of nanoparticle distribution, traditional methods are difficult to achieve ideal results.

[0004] In recent years, nanoparticles have become an important material for studying the regulation of three-phase interfaces due to their excellent surface effects and high specific surface area. The introduction of nanoparticles can form an efficient interfacial film at the oil, gas, and water three-phase interface, improve the stability of the interface, reduce the interfacial tension, and thus optimize the separation efficiency and reaction process. Especially in complex three-phase systems, the surface activity of nanoparticles is more significant, and can effectively regulate the interaction between oil, gas, and water. However, despite the significant theoretical advantages of nanoparticles, the existing technology still faces the following problems, which limit its application effect: 1. Accuracy problem: Although traditional physical methods can effectively introduce particles, they lack the ability to accurately control the distribution of particles at the microscopic level when controlling the three-phase interface. Traditional methods usually rely on macroscopic stirring or shearing forces, which makes it difficult to accurately arrange and control the distribution of particles at the nanoscale, thus affecting the arrangement stability of nanoparticles at the interface.

[0005] 2. Efficiency limitation: In complex three-phase systems, especially in the case of high viscosity or non-uniform fluids, existing methods have difficulty ensuring interface stability and efficient fluid separation. For example, high viscosity fluids often lead to increased flow resistance, and traditional stirring or ultrasonic treatment is inefficient, making it difficult to achieve the required interface stability in a short period of time. Non-uniform fluids make the formation and control of the interface more complicated, and existing control technologies often cannot cope with these challenges, resulting in low separation efficiency.

[0006] 3. Nanoparticle distribution and control issues: In existing microfluidic technology, although some studies focus on the surface modification and functionalization of nanoparticles, the sorting and separation of nanoparticles, and the aggregation and stability of nanoparticles, the technology is still in its early stages for the steady-state distribution of nanoparticles and their precise control at the three-phase interface. Most existing microfluidic systems lack efficient and controllable experimental devices, especially in the precise control of the arrangement and concentration of nanoparticles at the microscale. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface, by precisely adjusting the electric field to control the arrangement, distribution and concentration of nanoparticles, thereby optimizing the stability of the oil-gas-water three-phase interface and improving separation and reaction efficiency.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface, comprising the following steps: Preferably, step S1, pre-treating the microfluidic chip; Step S2, injecting water, gas and oil three-phase fluid into the fluid inlet of the microfluidic chip through a high-precision syringe pump to form a three-phase interface; Step S3, preparing and injecting a nanoparticle solution into a nanoparticle capture area of ​​a microfluidic chip; Step S4, controlling the arrangement and concentration of the nanoparticle solution by adjusting the electric field on the microfluidic chip; Step S5, monitoring the stability of the three-phase fluid and the behavior of the nanoparticle solution on the three-phase interface in real time through a microscope and a sensor, and collecting them as behavior data; Step S6, analyzing and evaluating the behavior data collected in step S5; and making adjustments and optimizations based on the analyzed and evaluated data; Step S7, cleaning the microfluidic chip.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the surface cleaning and modification of the microfluidic chip are checked, and the installation of the microfluidic chip is checked.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the fluid inlet includes a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet and a third fluid inlet, the first fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with oil, the second fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with water, and the third fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with gas.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, after selecting the type of nanoparticles, a nanoparticle solution is prepared, and the nanoparticle solution is injected into the nanoparticle capture area of ​​the microfluidic chip by a high-precision injection pump.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the intensity and direction of the electric field are adjusted to act on the nanoparticle capture zone.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the sensor includes a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor and a temperature sensor, and the electric field strength, the fluid injection rate or the nanoparticle concentration is adjusted according to the behavior of the nanoparticle solution at the three-phase interface.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at the three-phase interface to control the arrangement, distribution and concentration of nanoparticles by precisely adjusting the electric field, thereby optimizing the stability of the oil-gas-water three-phase interface and improving separation and reaction efficiency.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a method for a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to the present invention; Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the particle capture area of ​​a method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0019] The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprises" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0020] Embodiment 1 like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface, comprising the following steps: Step S1, pre-treating the microfluidic chip; in step S1, checking the surface cleaning and modification of the microfluidic chip, and checking the installation of the microfluidic chip; Step S2, configuring water, gas and oil three-phase fluids to be injected into the fluid inlet of the microfluidic chip through a high-precision injection pump to form a three-phase interface; in step S2, the fluid inlet includes a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet and a third fluid inlet, the first fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with oil, the second fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with water, and the third fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with gas.

[0021] Step S3, preparing and injecting a nanoparticle solution into the nanoparticle capture area of ​​the microfluidic chip; in step S3, the nanoparticle type is selected and then the nanoparticle solution is prepared, and the nanoparticle solution is injected into the nanoparticle capture area of ​​the microfluidic chip by a high-precision syringe pump; Design of nanoparticle capture area: In microfluidic chips, the nanoparticle capture area is a region specially designed to centrally control the distribution of nanoparticles. Particle capture and distribution regulation are achieved through microchannels and microstructures. Microchannels: Microchannels regulate fluid flow by optimizing the design (such as the width, depth and tortuosity of the microchannels), while making the movement and capture of nanoparticles in the fluid more precise. The flow rate, fluid viscosity and particle charge will affect the particle capture effect. Microstructure: Microstructures are designed in different forms, such as grid, columnar or serrated, which can not only increase the contact area between particles and the chip surface, but also help capture particles through physical adsorption or electrostatic force. For example, the designed microstructure can form a stable aggregation area where nanoparticles can stay stably and be further regulated by the electric field.

[0022] Step S4, controlling the arrangement and concentration of the nanoparticle solution by adjusting the electric field on the microfluidic chip; in step S4, adjusting the strength and direction of the electric field to act on the nanoparticle capture area. The role of the electric field in the nanoparticle capture area: In the nanoparticle capture area of ​​the microfluidic chip, the electric field can be used to directional arrange the nanoparticles. When the electric field is applied, the charged nanoparticles are affected by the electric field force and migrate. By adjusting the strength and direction of the electric field, the movement path of the nanoparticles can be controlled so that they gather towards a specific area. For example, the electric field can guide the nanoparticles to a specific microchannel or capture structure area.

[0023] The intensity, frequency, and polarity of the electric field can all affect the behavior of nanoparticles in microfluidic systems. Stronger electric field forces can migrate particles to the capture zone more quickly, while the appropriate frequency helps prevent the aggregation or precipitation of nanoparticles. During the capture process, the polarity of the electric field can also be adjusted to orient the particles in a specific direction or position. This process is achieved through the interaction between the electric field and the surface charges of the nanoparticles. In order to ensure uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface, the design of the nanoparticle capture zone must not only consider the regulation of the electric field, but also optimize the residence time and distribution of particles in the nanoparticle capture zone.

[0024] Nanoparticle residence time regulation: The migration speed and residence time of particles are key factors in the capture effect. In microfluidic chips, the residence time of particles can be controlled by adjusting the fluid flow rate and electric field strength. Lower flow rates and moderate electric field strengths will cause nanoparticles to stay longer in the nanoparticle capture zone, giving them more opportunities to be captured and stabilized on the interface.

[0025] Uniformity of particle distribution: The distribution of nanoparticles in the nanoparticle capture zone can be effectively improved by precisely adjusting the electric field strength and flow rate. In high viscosity or non-Newtonian fluids, electric field control can ensure uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the fluid, avoiding uneven particle distribution caused by flow resistance.

[0026] Step S5, monitor the stability of the three-phase fluid and the behavior of the nanoparticle solution on the three-phase interface in real time through a microscope and a sensor, and collect them as behavior data; in step S5, the sensor includes a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor and a temperature sensor, and the electric field strength, the fluid injection rate or the nanoparticle concentration are adjusted according to the behavior of the nanoparticle solution on the three-phase interface. Real-time monitoring of nanoparticle behavior: Use pressure sensors, fluid sensors, microscopes and other equipment to monitor the distribution state of particles in the microfluidic channel in real time to ensure that the nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the capture area. Through real-time feedback data, adjust parameters such as electric field strength, frequency and flow rate to optimize the arrangement and concentration of nanoparticles. Electric field control can automatically adjust the parameters of the electric field to ensure that the nanoparticles achieve ideal directional arrangement and concentration distribution in the target area. The dynamic adjustment capability ensures the stability and accuracy of the experimental process.

[0027] Microfluidic chips achieve the capture of nanoparticles through precisely designed microchannels and microstructures, as well as electric field control mechanisms. The electric field can not only adjust the directional arrangement of nanoparticles, but also ensure the stability of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface by controlling the migration path, distribution state and residence time of nanoparticles. In addition, the integrated online monitoring and feedback system can adjust the electric field parameters in real time to further optimize the capture and distribution of nanoparticles. It can achieve precise control of the behavior of nanoparticles in complex fluid systems, greatly improving the stability and separation efficiency of the three-phase interface.

[0028] Effects of electric field strength, frequency, and polarity on the behavior of nanoparticles: Migration and arrangement of nanoparticles: The strength of the electric field directly determines the force of the electric field on the nanoparticles. A stronger electric field will produce a greater force, causing the nanoparticles to migrate to a specific area of ​​the electric field at a faster rate. In microfluidic chips, the distribution and arrangement of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface can be controlled by adjusting the electric field strength. For example, when the electric field strength is large, the nanoparticles may be attracted to the vicinity of the interface, forming a more concentrated arrangement; when the electric field strength is small, the migration speed of the nanoparticles slows down, and the distribution of the nanoparticles in the fluid will be more uniform. Dispersion and aggregation of nanoparticles: Changes in the electric field strength will also affect the dispersion or aggregation of nanoparticles. When the electric field strength is low, the electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles is weak and aggregation is easy to occur; when the electric field strength increases, the electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles increases, and the nanoparticles will tend to disperse. Therefore, by precisely adjusting the electric field strength, the aggregation or dispersion state of nanoparticles can be controlled, thereby affecting the stability of the three-phase interface. Directed arrangement of nanoparticles: Appropriate electric field strength can cause nanoparticles to form an orderly arrangement on the three-phase interface. For example, at the interface of oil, water and gas, the electric field can make the nanoparticles form a uniform distribution along the interface, optimize the stability of the three-phase interface, reduce interfacial tension, and improve separation efficiency and reaction rate.

[0029] Periodic regulation of nanoparticle movement: The frequency of the electric field determines the frequency of the electric field force on the nanoparticles. When the electric field frequency is low, the electric field force affects the nanoparticles slowly, and the nanoparticles may have a long response time. In this case, the movement of the nanoparticles is relatively stable, and it is easy to control the distribution of the nanoparticles on the three-phase interface; when the electric field frequency is high, the electric field force affects the nanoparticles more frequently, and the movement of the nanoparticles becomes more violent, which may lead to rapid dispersion or aggregation of the nanoparticles. By precisely adjusting the frequency, the nanoparticles can exhibit different dynamic behaviors on the three-phase interface, thereby affecting the stability of the three-phase interface.

[0030] Influence on the aggregation and dispersion of nanoparticles: High-frequency electric fields usually have a stronger effect on nanoparticles, which can effectively prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles on the interface and keep them more evenly distributed. Low-frequency electric fields may cause nanoparticles to aggregate together to form stronger aggregates. According to experimental requirements, the frequency of the electric field can be appropriately adjusted to control the behavior of nanoparticles and improve the stability and effect of nanoparticles in the three-phase interface.

[0031] Interaction between nanoparticles and interfaces: Changes in the frequency of the electric field will also affect the interaction between particles and interfaces. For example, during the emulsification process, a high-frequency electric field may make the nanoparticles more evenly dispersed at the oil-water interface, effectively improving the stability of the emulsion; while a low-frequency electric field may guide the nanoparticles to form a more compact structure at the interface, thereby enhancing the stability of the interface and the separation effect.

[0032] Directional control of particles: The polarity of the electric field plays a vital role in the directional arrangement of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles usually carry static charges, and the polarity of the electric field will affect the positive and negative polarity of the nanoparticles, thereby affecting the direction of movement of the nanoparticles. A positive electric field will cause negatively charged nanoparticles to migrate toward the positive electrode, and vice versa. By adjusting the polarity of the electric field, the arrangement direction of the particles can be precisely controlled, making the distribution of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface more orderly. For example, at the oil-gas-water interface, changing the polarity of the electric field can cause the nanoparticles to align along a specific direction of the interface, thereby optimizing the interface stability.

[0033] Influencing the behavior of nanoparticles in fluids: The polarity of the electric field can also affect the behavior of nanoparticles in fluids. For example, when the polarity of the electric field changes, the migration direction and speed of the nanoparticles will also change accordingly, resulting in changes in the distribution and arrangement of the nanoparticles. By adjusting the polarity of the electric field, the movement of nanoparticles in complex fluid systems can be finely controlled to avoid nanoparticle deposition or aggregation, thereby improving the stability of the system and separation efficiency.

[0034] Interaction with the three-phase interface: In a three-phase system, the polarity of the electric field can also affect the interaction between nanoparticles and the oil, gas, and water three-phase interfaces. By adjusting the polarity of the electric field, the particles can be caused to aggregate or disperse on a certain interface, thereby affecting the tension and stability of the interface. For example, in the process of oil-water emulsification, by adjusting the polarity of the electric field, the nanoparticles can be guided to migrate toward the oil-water interface or the oil-gas interface, thereby improving the emulsification effect.

[0035] Summarize: The intensity, frequency and polarity of the electric field have an important influence on the regulation of nanoparticle behavior. By precisely adjusting these three parameters of the electric field, dynamic control of nanoparticles can be achieved, including the arrangement, concentration, distribution of nanoparticles and their interaction with the three-phase interface. Not only can the stability of the three-phase interface be precisely adjusted, but also the separation effect, emulsification effect and reaction rate of the oil-gas-water three-phase system can be optimized under different experimental conditions, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the overall experiment.

[0036] Step S6, analyzing and evaluating the behavior data collected in step S5; and making adjustments and optimizations based on the analyzed and evaluated data; Step S7, cleaning the microfluidic chip.

[0037] Adjustment of electric field strength, frequency and polarity. Adjustment of electric field strength: The electric field strength determines the force exerted by the electric field on the nanoparticles, and therefore directly affects the migration speed, arrangement and concentration distribution of the particles. The adjustment of the electric field strength is optimized based on the following factors: Adjust according to fluid viscosity and flow rate: Under different experimental conditions, the viscosity and flow rate of the fluid may affect the migration behavior of particles. For example, in high-viscosity fluids, nanoparticles migrate slowly, so a stronger electric field is required to overcome the resistance of the fluid and promote the directional arrangement of particles. On the contrary, in low-viscosity fluids, a weaker electric field can effectively control the distribution and arrangement of particles.

[0038] Adjust according to the characteristics of the nanoparticles: The size, surface charge and shape of the nanoparticles also affect their response in the electric field. Larger nanoparticles or particles with larger surface charges are more sensitive to electric fields and require adjustment of the electric field strength to precisely control their distribution. Smaller nanoparticles or nanoparticles with smaller surface charges may require a higher intensity electric field to ensure their stable distribution and control in the fluid.

[0039] Adjustment of electric field strength: The change of electric field strength can be achieved by adjusting the output power of the electric field source. The power of the electric field source can be finely adjusted according to the experimental needs. For example, when the initial distribution of nanoparticles is uneven, a stronger electric field is required to rearrange the nanoparticles. When the nanoparticles have reached a more ideal distribution state, the electric field strength can be reduced to maintain a stable interface.

[0040] Adjustment of the frequency of the electric field: The frequency of the electric field has an important influence on the dynamic behavior of nanoparticles. The frequency of the electric field mainly determines the response speed of nanoparticles under the action of the electric field, including the migration, aggregation or dispersion behavior of nanoparticles. The adjustment of the frequency of the electric field is based on the following considerations: Adjust the frequency according to the dynamic behavior of nanoparticles: The behavior of nanoparticles in the electric field depends on the frequency of the electric field. For example, a low-frequency electric field can promote the aggregation of nanoparticles, while a high-frequency electric field helps to disperse and prevent aggregation of nanoparticles. Therefore, when it is necessary to achieve uniform distribution of nanoparticles or maintain a dispersed state, a higher frequency electric field can be used; when it is necessary to make the particles aggregate to form an interfacial film, a lower frequency electric field is used. Adjustment according to the nature of the interaction between fluids and particles: The non-Newtonian nature of the fluid, the viscosity, and the interaction force between nanoparticles will affect the choice of the electric field frequency. For example, when dealing with a three-phase system containing viscous or inhomogeneous fluids, a higher frequency electric field helps to stabilize the distribution of nanoparticles and prevent the migration of nanoparticles caused by viscosity. For conventional fluids, a moderate electric field frequency can be selected to regulate the behavior of nanoparticles.

[0041] Adjustment of the electric field frequency: The electric field frequency is achieved by adjusting the output frequency of the electric field source. By adjusting the high-frequency or low-frequency power supply, the system can change the frequency of the electric field acting on the nanoparticles, thereby precisely adjusting the dynamic behavior of the particles. The change in frequency is real-time and can be automatically adjusted based on monitoring feedback to optimize the stability and distribution of the nanoparticles on the three-phase interface. Adjustment of the electric field polarity: The polarity of the electric field determines the directional effect of the electric field on the nanoparticles, that is, it determines which polarity the charged nanoparticles migrate towards. Polarity plays a key role in the directional arrangement of nanoparticles and the stability of the interface. The adjustment of the electric field polarity is optimized based on the following factors: Adjustment based on the charge of the particles and the properties of the fluid: Nanoparticles are usually negatively or positively charged, depending on the surface modification or material properties of the nanoparticles. According to the charge properties of the nanoparticles, the polarity of the electric field can adjust the direction to promote the migration of nanoparticles to a specific area. When it is necessary to make the nanoparticles aggregate at the interface, the polarity of the electric field is adjusted to move the nanoparticles toward the target interface.

[0042] Adjust polarity according to the stability requirements of the three-phase interface: In different three-phase interface control scenarios (such as oil-gas-water separation, emulsification, etc.), different electric field polarities are required to adjust the behavior of nanoparticles. For the oil-water emulsification process, the polarity of the electric field can cause nanoparticles to aggregate toward the oil-water interface or the oil-gas interface, enhancing the interface stability. In gas-liquid separation, appropriate electric field polarity can help control the interface stability between bubbles and liquids and avoid excessive merging of bubbles.

[0043] Adjustment of the polarity of the electric field: The polarity of the electric field is adjusted by changing the polarity of the power supply (i.e., the positive and negative poles of the voltage). For example, between the positive and negative poles of the electric field, the polarity of the power supply can be achieved by changing the polarity direction of the voltage, so that the nanoparticles move toward a specific electrode direction. In the experiment, the polarity of the electric field can be adjusted in real time, and the directional arrangement of the nanoparticles can be optimized based on the feedback data. Summary: The intensity, frequency and polarity of the electric field are adjusted in real time according to the experimental objectives, fluid properties and nanoparticle characteristics. The intensity of the electric field is mainly controlled by adjusting the power of the power supply, the frequency is adjusted by changing the frequency of the electric field source, and the polarity is achieved by adjusting the polarity of the power supply. Through the fine regulation of these parameters, precise control of the nanoparticles can be achieved, thereby optimizing the stability of the three-phase interface, improving the separation efficiency and reaction rate. The real-time feedback mechanism of the system enables these parameters to be automatically adjusted according to the dynamic behavior of the nanoparticles in the experiment, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the operation process.

[0044] Nanoparticle concentration: The concentration of nanoparticles is a key parameter that directly affects the behavior and distribution of particles at the three-phase interface, thereby affecting the interface stability, separation efficiency and reaction rate. Basis for selecting nanoparticle concentration: The setting of nanoparticle concentration usually needs to be adjusted according to the following factors: Fluid type and properties: Different three-phase systems (such as oil, gas, and water) have different physical and chemical properties. The viscosity, surface tension of the fluid, and the interaction of nanoparticles will affect the optimal concentration of nanoparticles. In the process of oil, gas and water separation or emulsification, it is usually necessary to form a stable nanoparticle film at the three-phase interface to improve the separation efficiency or emulsification effect. If the concentration is too low, a sufficiently stable interface film may not be formed; if the concentration is too high, the nanoparticles may aggregate with each other, resulting in uneven distribution of nanoparticles at the interface.

[0045] Surface properties of nanoparticles: The surface charge, surface functionalization, and particle size of nanoparticles will affect their behavior at the interface. For example, nanoparticles with stronger surface charges may be more likely to form a stable distribution at the interface, and in some cases, a lower nanoparticle concentration may be required to achieve a good stabilization effect. For particles with weaker surface modifications or larger particle sizes, a higher concentration may be required to enhance the interfacial effect of nanoparticles.

[0046] Experimental goal: The goal of the experiment (such as separation efficiency, emulsification effect, reaction rate, etc.) will also affect the choice of concentration. If the goal is to achieve efficient three-phase separation or emulsification effect, a higher nanoparticle concentration may be required to enhance the stability and distribution of the nanoparticles at the interface. If the goal is to optimize the reaction rate or improve some specific physicochemical process, the concentration may be different.

[0047] Typical concentration range: In the study of oil, gas and water three-phase system, the typical nanoparticle concentration generally depends on the specific application scenario. The following are some common concentration ranges: Low concentration: Generally between 0.01% and 0.1%, the concentration is suitable for applications that require a small amount of nanoparticles for surface activity adjustment or interface stabilization. For liquid-gas-solid three-phase fluids, lower concentrations help prevent excessive aggregation between nanoparticles, thereby facilitating the uniform distribution and directional arrangement of nanoparticles. Medium concentration: About 0.1% to 1%, this concentration is suitable for most experimental conditions for optimizing three-phase interface stability. Ensure that there are enough nanoparticles to form a stable interfacial film without excessively increasing the interaction between nanoparticles, resulting in uneven distribution or deposition. High concentration: High concentration is usually between 1% and 5% or higher, which is suitable for situations where a large number of nanoparticles are required to form a strong interfacial film, such as separation or complex emulsification processes in high viscosity fluids. Nanoparticles at high concentrations are more likely to aggregate with each other, which may lead to poor dispersion and nanoparticle deposition, so more precise control of the electric field strength, frequency and polarity is required to avoid aggregation of nanoparticles. The effect of concentration on electric field regulation. In actual experiments, nanoparticle concentration and electric field regulation are closely related. Nanoparticles with lower concentrations may require stronger electric fields to promote the directional arrangement of nanoparticles and enhance the distribution of nanoparticles on the interface. Nanoparticles with higher concentrations may require weaker electric field strengths to avoid excessive aggregation or deposition. Relationship between concentration and electric field strength: When the concentration of nanoparticles is high, a stronger electric field may cause aggregation between nanoparticles and affect the stability of the three-phase interface. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to precisely adjust the electric field strength to balance the aggregation and dispersion behavior of nanoparticles. Relationship between concentration and electric field frequency: Under high concentration conditions, frequency regulation is also particularly important. Higher frequency electric fields help prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles and enhance the dispersion of nanoparticles; while at lower concentrations, lower frequencies may be sufficient to stabilize the distribution of nanoparticles and promote the formation of interfacial films. Selection of typical experimental concentrations: The concentration selected in a specific experiment will be optimized and adjusted according to factors such as the purpose of the experiment, the properties of the fluid, and the type of nanoparticles. The experimental design will conduct multiple tests within these concentration ranges and optimize the final concentration setting through feedback data (such as interface stability, nanoparticle distribution, separation efficiency, etc.).

[0048] The typical concentration of nanoparticles is usually between 0.01% and 5%, depending on the experimental objectives, the properties of the three-phase fluid, and the surface characteristics of the nanoparticles. In the experiment, the regulation of concentration is closely related to the regulation of electric field strength, frequency, and polarity to ensure the optimal arrangement and distribution of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface, thereby improving the interface stability and separation efficiency. Correlation between nanoparticle concentration and electric field parameters: The correlation between concentration and electric field parameters is crucial because the concentration of nanoparticles interacts with the intensity, frequency, and polarity of the electric field, directly affecting the distribution and arrangement of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface, thereby affecting the stability of the three-phase interface, separation efficiency, and reaction rate. Relationship between concentration and electric field strength: The relationship between electric field strength and nanoparticle concentration is mainly reflected in the migration speed of nanoparticles, the interaction between nanoparticles, and the uniformity of the distribution of nanoparticles in the fluid. Electric field strength requirements for high concentrations of nanoparticles: When the concentration of nanoparticles is high, the interaction between nanoparticles is enhanced, and the electrostatic repulsion or attraction will increase. This may lead to the aggregation or agglomeration of nanoparticles, affecting the uniform distribution of nanoparticles and the stability of the three-phase interface. Therefore, in this case, a stronger electric field is required to overcome the interaction between the nanoparticles and ensure that the nanoparticles can remain evenly distributed on the three-phase interface without excessive aggregation. Electric field regulation of low-concentration nanoparticles: At low concentrations, the interaction between nanoparticles is small and the force of the electric field is usually weak. In order to make the nanoparticles form a stable arrangement and distribution on the three-phase interface, a weaker or medium-intensity electric field may be required to achieve the directional arrangement of the nanoparticles. At this time, the accuracy and frequency regulation of the electric field are particularly important, because an electric field that is too strong may cause the nanoparticles to aggregate, while an electric field that is too weak may cause uneven migration of nanoparticles.

[0049] Concentration and electric field intensity adjustment strategy: In the case of high concentration, the electric field intensity is usually increased to promote the migration of nanoparticles to the target area and control their aggregation degree. In the case of low concentration, a smaller electric field intensity is preferred to ensure that the nanoparticles can be precisely arranged and distributed in the required manner without excessive aggregation of nanoparticles due to excessive electric field force. Relationship between concentration and electric field frequency: The influence of electric field frequency on the behavior of nanoparticles is mainly reflected in the aggregation and dispersion of nanoparticles and the dynamic behavior of nanoparticles in the fluid. Frequency adjustment of high-concentration nanoparticles: In the case of high concentration, the choice of electric field frequency is very critical to prevent nanoparticle aggregation. Higher frequency electric fields can enhance the dispersion of nanoparticles and avoid the formation of large-scale aggregates between nanoparticles. When the concentration of nanoparticles is high, high-frequency electric fields can enable nanoparticles to maintain a certain dynamic behavior in the fluid and avoid the deposition or uneven distribution of nanoparticles. Frequency adjustment of low-concentration particles: Under low concentration conditions, lower frequency electric fields may be sufficient to achieve directional arrangement of nanoparticles and stable distribution in the fluid. At this time, the lower frequency electric field can make the nanoparticles gradually aggregate to form a stable interfacial film. Especially in the emulsification process, the lower frequency electric field helps the nanoparticles form an ordered structure at the oil-water interface. Comprehensive regulation of frequency: By precisely adjusting the frequency of the electric field, the nanoparticles can maintain the best dynamic behavior under different concentration conditions. For example, under high concentration and high frequency electric field, the nanoparticles may be evenly distributed on the interface, while the low frequency electric field helps to form a more stable interfacial film. Therefore, the regulation of the electric field frequency not only affects the dispersion or aggregation of nanoparticles, but also affects their directional arrangement at the interface.

[0050] Relationship between concentration and electric field polarity: The polarity of the electric field determines the directionality of charged nanoparticles, and changes in concentration affect the response of nanoparticles to the polarity of the electric field. The relationship between concentration and electric field polarity usually involves the directional arrangement of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface and the interface stability. Polarity adjustment of high-concentration nanoparticles: Under high concentration conditions, the directional arrangement of nanoparticles is usually affected by the strong electric field polarity. The polarity of the electric field can determine the migration direction of nanoparticles, especially at the three-phase interface, where nanoparticles often need to be arranged in a specific direction. By adjusting the polarity of the electric field, it is possible to ensure that the nanoparticles are oriented along the direction of the oil-water, gas-water or oil-gas interface, thereby optimizing the stability and separation effect of the three-phase interface. Polarity adjustment of low-concentration particles: Under low concentration conditions, the adjustment of the electric field polarity usually does not lead to rapid aggregation of nanoparticles, but rather affects the distribution and arrangement of nanoparticles more. At this time, adjusting the directional arrangement of nanoparticles on the three-phase interface by the electric field polarity can improve the stability of the interface and reduce the risk of nanoparticle deposition. Low-concentration nanoparticles can form a more uniform distribution under the action of the electric field and optimize the structure of the interface film. Comprehensive regulation of concentration and polarity: Regulation of electric field polarity can interact with concentration changes to precisely control the behavior of nanoparticles at the interface. At high concentrations, the polarity of the electric field can enhance the stability of nanoparticles at a specific interface, while at low concentrations, a small change in the polarity of the electric field can achieve the desired nanoparticle arrangement effect. Therefore, concentration and electric field polarity regulation is one of the key factors for achieving efficient nanoparticle control. Summary: There is a close relationship between concentration and electric field parameters (intensity, frequency, polarity). At high concentrations, the intensity and frequency of the electric field need to be enhanced to overcome the interaction between nanoparticles and prevent aggregation, while at low concentrations, a weaker electric field can achieve directional arrangement and uniform distribution of nanoparticles. In addition, the polarity of the electric field can precisely adjust the arrangement direction of nanoparticles according to concentration changes and optimize the stability of the three-phase interface. By comprehensively adjusting these parameters, precise control of nanoparticles can be achieved, thereby improving the stability of the three-phase interface, separation efficiency, and reaction rate.

[0051] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at the three-phase interface, and controls the arrangement, distribution and concentration of nanoparticles by precisely adjusting the electric field, thereby optimizing the stability of the oil, gas and water three-phase interface, improving separation and reaction efficiency, and providing an efficient and stable three-phase fluid control system.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, pre-treating the microfluidic chip; Step S2, injecting water, gas and oil three-phase fluid into the fluid inlet of the microfluidic chip through a high-precision syringe pump to form a three-phase interface; Step S3, preparing and injecting a nanoparticle solution into a nanoparticle capture area of ​​a microfluidic chip; Step S4, controlling the arrangement and concentration of the nanoparticle solution by adjusting the electric field on the microfluidic chip; Step S5, monitoring the stability of the three-phase fluid and the behavior of the nanoparticle solution on the three-phase interface in real time through a microscope and a sensor, and collecting them as behavior data; Step S6, analyzing and evaluating the behavior data collected in step S5; and making adjustments and optimizations based on the analyzed and evaluated data; Step S7, cleaning the microfluidic chip.

2. The method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the surface cleaning and modification of the microfluidic chip are checked, and the installation of the microfluidic chip is checked.

3. The method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the fluid inlet includes a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet and a third fluid inlet, the first fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with oil, the second fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with water, and the third fluid inlet is connected to a high-precision injection pump filled with gas.

4. The method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, after selecting the type of nanoparticles, a nanoparticle solution is prepared, and the nanoparticle solution is injected into the nanoparticle capture area of ​​the microfluidic chip by a high-precision injection pump.

5. The method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the intensity and direction of the electric field are adjusted to act on the nanoparticle capture zone.

6. The method of a microfluidic chip with adjustable nanoparticle arrangement at a three-phase interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the sensors include a pressure sensor, a flow rate sensor and a temperature sensor, and the electric field strength, the fluid injection rate or the nanoparticle concentration are adjusted according to the behavior of the nanoparticle solution at the three-phase interface.

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