Fuel spraying device of fuel processor and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel spraying device of a fuel processor and an operation method.The spraying device comprises an atomizing nozzle, a fuel feeding port, a water feeding port, a cooling module, a protection structure and a rotating structure, and fuel reaches the atomizing nozzle through the feeding port to be sprayed; and heat generated after ignition of the ignition device is carried to the adjacent hydrogen production device by the air, so that each reaction unit reaches a preset reaction temperature to realize starting of the hydrogen production device. Raw material water of the hydrogen production device passes through the cooling module, so that the spraying structure is cooled, carbon deposition is reduced, and the protection device prevents atomized liquid drops from splashing due to air; meanwhile, raw material water replaces spray fuel through the spray structure in the stable operation stage, and the spray fuel is prevented from blocking the spray structure and affecting the service life; purging air brings heat to the rear end through the rotating structure, meanwhile, the protection structure can prevent fuel from carbon deposition in the area due to negative pressure formed by entrainment of a large amount of air at the nozzle due to airflow, and therefore starting of various liquid fuels is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a fuel spray device and an operating method of a fuel processor, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] The difficulty of fuel spray combustion lies mainly in the requirement of high atomization effect while worrying about the blockage of the nozzle affecting its use. The working principle of the traditional automobile fuel injector is that the high-pressure oil enters through the fuel supply pump of the fuel injector, and the high pressure is generated in the fuel injector body and acts on the conical surface of the fuel injector. When the oil pressure exceeds the set value, the fuel injector valve core opens, and the high-pressure oil is sprayed out from the nozzle hole in the form of mist into the engine cylinder to burn, so that the piston reciprocates. The working principle of the diesel engine fuel injector is that when the electromagnetic coil is energized, suction is generated, the needle valve is sucked up, the spray hole is opened, and the fuel is sprayed out at high speed through the annular gap between the needle pin at the head of the needle valve and the spray hole, forming a mist, which is conducive to full combustion. The fuel injector itself is a normally closed valve. When there is no input control signal, the valve is always in a closed state. Therefore, the fuel injectors of gasoline engines and diesel engines are consumable parts that need to be replaced regularly.

[0003] The fuel processor is a hydrogen-rich gas prepared by autothermal reforming and water-gas shift reaction of hydrogen-rich fuels such as methanol, ethanol, gasoline, and diesel. The feed raw materials include fuel, air, and water. In the early stage of the device operation, it is necessary to complete the preheating of each section of the reactor and reach the start-up process of the active temperature range of different catalysts. The start-up process is completed in the form of spray combustion. Spray combustion is to feed the spray fuel through the atomization structure, and after being ignited by the electric ignition device, the heat is transported to each reactor module by quantitative air. The factors affecting spray combustion are mainly fuel properties, combustion temperature, atomization particle size, spray penetration distance, feed flow rate and angle of combustion-supporting air, etc. If the spray fuel is not fully burned, it will be retained on the surface or inside of the catalyst, forming carbon deposits that cause the active surface of the catalyst to be covered or too much accumulation inside will cause the catalyst to crack, which will lead to reduced catalyst activity or deactivation and generate a large amount of catalyst dust. Therefore, the optimization of the spray start-up technology of the fuel processor is not only to shorten the time from rapid start-up to stable operation, but also an effective strategy to slow down catalyst deactivation and increase the reliability of the fuel processor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application relates to the field of distributed hydrogen production, and specifically to a fuel spray structure of a fuel processor. The structure includes an atomizing nozzle, a fuel feed port, a water feed port, a cooling module, and a protective structure, wherein the fuel reaches the atomizing nozzle through the feed port for spraying, and the heat generated after being ignited by the ignition device is carried by the air to the adjacent hydrogen production device, so that each reaction unit reaches a predetermined reaction temperature to start the hydrogen production device. The present invention uses the raw water of the hydrogen production device to pass through the cooling module to cool the spray structure and reduce carbon deposition, and the protective device prevents the air from splashing the atomized droplets. At the same time, in the stable operation stage, the raw water is replaced by the spray fuel through the spray structure to avoid the spray fuel clogging the spray structure and affecting the service life, thereby realizing the start-up of multiple liquid fuels.

[0005] In one aspect of the present application, there is provided a fuel processor fuel spray device, comprising a housing and an atomizing nozzle, wherein the atomizing nozzle comprises a spray head and a mounting end;

[0006] The housing comprises a cylindrical boss, a mounting surface and an atomization chamber arranged from top to bottom;

[0007] The cylindrical boss is provided with a cooling cavity, and a mounting cavity for the atomizing nozzle is provided in the cooling cavity; the cooling cavity and the mounting cavity are coaxial, and the axis is perpendicular to the mounting surface;

[0008] The side mounting surface of the mounting end of the atomizing nozzle is screwed to the inner wall of the mounting cavity, and the nozzle is located in the atomizing cavity;

[0009] The lower end surface of the mounting surface is provided with a protective baffle along the circumferential direction, and the outer diameter of the circumference formed by the protective baffle is smaller than the inner diameter of the atomization chamber; the protective baffle provided along the circumferential direction forms a protective chamber;

[0010] The protection cavity is coaxial with the installation cavity, and the axis is perpendicular to the installation surface; the inner diameter of the protection cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle;

[0011] An air inlet end is provided on the side wall of the atomizing chamber, and a rotating structure is provided inside the atomizing chamber. The air inlet end is communicated with the rotating structure, so that the air enters the rotating structure along the tangent direction of the side wall of the atomizing chamber and then enters the atomizing chamber along the inner wall of the atomizing chamber;

[0012] The side wall of the cooling chamber is provided with a water inlet through hole I and a water outlet through hole II;

[0013] The upper end surface of the cylindrical boss is provided with a fuel inlet, and the fuel inlet is communicated with the mounting cavity;

[0014] The water outlet through hole II is connected with the fuel inlet via a pipeline.

[0015] Optionally, the height ratio of the nozzle to the protective baffle is 1:1.1 to 1:2.

[0016] Optionally, the fuel processor fuel spray device further comprises a spray fuel pump and a feed water pump;

[0017] The spray fuel pump is connected to the fuel inlet;

[0018] The feed water pump is connected to the water inlet through hole I.

[0019] Another aspect of the present application provides an operating method of a fuel cell system, using the above-mentioned fuel processor fuel spray device, the operating method comprising:

[0020] In the startup phase, the fuel is ignited through the fuel processor fuel spray device, and the air enters the atomization chamber through the air inlet end, bringing heat to each section of the reactor of the fuel cell system to reach the preheating temperature of each section of the reactor, completing the preheating of each section of the reactor, wherein the cooling chamber contains raw water;

[0021] In the stable operation stage, the raw water enters the cooling chamber through the water inlet hole I, enters the fuel spray device of the fuel processor through the water outlet hole II and the fuel inlet, and is atomized by the atomizing nozzle to complete the stable operation of the fuel cell system.

[0022] Optionally, during the startup phase, the spray fuel pump is started and the feed water pump is turned off;

[0023] During the stable operation stage, the feed water pump is started and the spray fuel pump is turned off.

[0024] Optionally, after the air enters the rotating structure along the tangent direction of the side wall of the atomization chamber, it enters the atomization chamber along the inner wall of the atomization chamber.

[0025] Specifically, air enters the rotating structure along the tangent direction of the outer tube wall, and forms an airflow along the inner tube wall inside, transferring the combustion heat from the front end to the rear end.

[0026] Optionally, the fuel is selected from at least one of diesel, gasoline, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and biofuel.

[0027] In the present application, the fuel includes fuels from oil refining, such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene; alcohols, ethers and other suitable hydrogen-rich organic compounds, which are derived from renewable biomass or fossil fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, biodiesel.

[0028] Optionally, during the startup phase, the preheating temperature is the optimal activity temperature range of the catalyst in each reactor section.

[0029] As a specific implementation method, the operation method in this application refers to the process of starting a hydrogen production device in a fuel cell system by using a plurality of fuels via a fuel processor fuel spray device. During the startup process, the fuel is turned on, and the static feed water remaining after the experimental shutdown is in the cooling module (cooling chamber); because the feed water pump and the spray fuel pump have a cut-off function, the flowing feed water in the stable operation process passes through the cooling module (cooling chamber) to achieve the cooling function; at the end of the startup process, water feed is required to provide raw materials for the hydrogen production device, and at the same time, air and preheated raw materials are passed through the hydrogen production device to produce qualified reformed gas.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0031] (1) Use the feed water remaining in the cooling module after shutdown to reduce the temperature, ensuring that the clogging of the spray fuel nozzle caused by high temperature carbon deposition is greatly reduced during the startup process;

[0032] (2) The protective device prevents high-speed air from causing the fuel atomized droplets to splash, thereby affecting the atomization and combustion effects;

[0033] (3) During the stable operation phase, the raw water is fully utilized to enter the atomization structure to realize the raw material supply while replacing the fuel in the atomization nozzle to avoid nozzle blockage and affect the service life; at the same time, the feed water is preheated without adding external circulating water, and the structure is cooled to ensure that the nozzle seal is not damaged by high temperature.

[0034] (4) The purge air brings heat to the rear end through the rotating structure. At the same time, the protective structure can prevent the fuel from carbonizing in the area due to the negative pressure formed by the airflow entrainment at the nozzle, thereby achieving the start-up of multiple liquid fuels.

[0035] (5) The present application effectively reduces the problem of spray structure blockage caused by fuel carbon deposition. The cooling water uses raw water to fully utilize the heat and avoids adding external circulating water. This structure is particularly suitable for high-carbon fuels such as gasoline and diesel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel spray device for a fuel processor in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] List of parts and reference numerals:

[0038] 1. Fuel inlet; 2. Water inlet hole I; 3. Water outlet hole II; 4. Cooling chamber; 5. Protective baffle; 6. Atomizing nozzle; 7. Air inlet end; 8. Rotating structure; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present application is described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of this application were purchased through commercial channels.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a fuel processor fuel spray device includes a housing and an atomizing nozzle 6, and the atomizing nozzle 6 includes a spray head and a mounting end;

[0043] The shell includes a cylindrical boss, a mounting surface and an atomization chamber arranged from top to bottom;

[0044] The cylindrical boss is provided with a cooling cavity 4, and a mounting cavity for the atomizing nozzle 6 is provided in the cooling cavity 4; the cooling cavity 4 and the mounting cavity are coaxial, and the axis is perpendicular to the mounting surface;

[0045] The side mounting surface of the mounting end of the atomizing nozzle 6 is screwed to the inner wall of the mounting cavity, wherein the nozzle is located in the atomizing cavity;

[0046] The lower end surface of the mounting surface is provided with a protective baffle 5 along the circumferential direction, and the outer diameter of the circumference formed by the protective baffle 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the atomizing chamber; the protective baffle provided along the circumferential direction forms a protective chamber; the protective chamber is coaxial with the mounting chamber, and the axis is perpendicular to the mounting surface; the inner diameter of the protective chamber is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle 6;

[0047] An air inlet end 7 is provided on the side wall of the atomizing chamber, and a rotating structure 8 is provided inside the atomizing chamber. The air inlet end is connected to the rotating structure 8, so that air enters the rotating structure 8 along the tangent direction of the side wall of the atomizing chamber, and then enters the atomizing chamber along the inner wall of the atomizing chamber;

[0048] The side wall of the cooling chamber 4 is provided with a water inlet through hole I2 and a water outlet through hole II3;

[0049] The upper end surface of the cylindrical boss is provided with a fuel inlet 1, and the fuel inlet 1 is communicated with the mounting cavity;

[0050] The water outlet through hole II3 is connected to the fuel inlet 1 via a pipeline, and also includes a spray fuel pump and a feed water pump, wherein the spray fuel pump is connected to the fuel inlet, and the feed water pump is connected to the water inlet through hole I2.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A fuel cell system, wherein the fuel spray device of the fuel processor adopts the spray device obtained in Example 1, wherein the height ratio of the nozzle to the protective baffle is 1:1.5.

[0053] Diesel is used as the operating fuel for the hydrogen production device. 16mL / min diesel fuel is passed through the atomizing nozzle. After being ignited by the ignition device, 500L / min air is passed through the lower end of the spray to bring heat into the reactors of each hydrogen production device at the rear end to complete the startup process. During the stable process, 10mL / min feed water is passed through the inlet and outlet of the cooling device to achieve stable operation. After a cumulative operation of 100h, the fuel spray effect is good, and no nozzle blockage is found.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A fuel cell system, wherein the fuel processor fuel spray device adopts the spray device obtained in Example 1, wherein the height ratio of the nozzle to the protective baffle is 1:1.1.

[0056] Gasoline is used as the operating fuel for the hydrogen production device. 20mL / min gasoline fuel passes through the atomizing nozzle. The height of the protection device is 5mm higher than the spray nozzle. After ignition by the ignition device, 700L / min air brings heat into the reactor of each hydrogen production device at the rear end through the lower end of the spray to complete the startup process. During the stable process, 20mL / min feed water is passed through the inlet and outlet of the cooling device to achieve stable process operation. After a cumulative operation of 150h, the fuel spray effect is good, and no nozzle blockage is found.

[0057] The above are only a few embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Although the present application is disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any technician familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, using the technical content disclosed above to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A fuel processor fuel spray device, It is characterized in that It includes a shell and an atomizing nozzle, wherein the atomizing nozzle includes a spray head and a mounting end; The housing comprises a cylindrical boss, a mounting surface and an atomization chamber arranged from top to bottom; The cylindrical boss is provided with a cooling cavity, and a mounting cavity for the atomizing nozzle is provided in the cooling cavity; the cooling cavity and the mounting cavity are coaxial, and the axis is perpendicular to the mounting surface; The side mounting surface of the mounting end of the atomizing nozzle is screwed to the inner wall of the mounting cavity, and the nozzle is located in the atomizing cavity; The lower end surface of the mounting surface is provided with a protective baffle along the circumferential direction, and the outer diameter of the circumference formed by the protective baffle is smaller than the inner diameter of the atomization chamber; the protective baffle provided along the circumferential direction forms a protective chamber; The protection cavity is coaxial with the installation cavity, and the axis is perpendicular to the installation surface; the inner diameter of the protection cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle of the atomizing nozzle; An air inlet end is provided on the side wall of the atomizing chamber, and a rotating structure is provided inside the atomizing chamber. The air inlet end is communicated with the rotating structure, so that the air enters the rotating structure along the tangent direction of the side wall of the atomizing chamber and then enters the atomizing chamber along the inner wall of the atomizing chamber; The side wall of the cooling chamber is provided with a water inlet through hole I and a water outlet through hole II; The upper end surface of the cylindrical boss is provided with a fuel inlet, and the fuel inlet is communicated with the mounting cavity; The water outlet through hole II is connected with the fuel inlet via a pipeline.

2. The fuel processor fuel spray device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The height ratio of the nozzle to the protective baffle is 1:1.1 to 1:

2.

3. The fuel processor fuel spray device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The fuel processor fuel spray device also includes a spray fuel pump and a feed water pump; The spray fuel pump is connected to the fuel inlet; The feed water pump is connected to the water inlet through hole I.

4. A method for operating a fuel cell system, using the fuel processor fuel spray device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The operation method comprises: In the startup phase, the fuel is ignited through the fuel processor fuel spray device, and the air enters the atomization chamber through the air inlet end, bringing heat to each section of the reactor of the fuel cell system to reach the preheating temperature of each section of the reactor, completing the preheating of each section of the reactor, wherein the cooling chamber contains raw water; In the stable operation stage, the raw water enters the cooling chamber through the water inlet hole I, enters the fuel spray device of the fuel processor through the water outlet hole II and the fuel inlet, and is atomized by the atomizing nozzle to complete the stable operation of the fuel cell system.

5. The operating method according to claim 4, It is characterized in that In the startup phase, the spray fuel pump is started and the feed water pump is closed; During the stable operation stage, the feed water pump is started and the spray fuel pump is turned off.

6. The operating method according to claim 4, It is characterized in that After the air enters the rotating structure along the tangent direction of the side wall of the atomizing chamber, the air enters the atomizing chamber along the inner wall of the atomizing chamber.

7. The operating method according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The fuel is selected from at least one of diesel, gasoline, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and biofuel.

8. The operating method according to claim 4, It is characterized in that During the startup phase, the preheating temperature is the catalyst activity temperature range in each reactor section.

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