Extrusion forming equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses extrusion forming equipment which comprises a hydraulic machine, a first pushing and pressing rod, a second pushing and pressing rod, a perforating rod-upper die composite part, an extrusion containing chamber, a stopping block and a lower die. The extrusion forming equipment is used for manufacturing the aluminum product with the hollow structure. The invention further provides an extrusion forming method. The extrusion forming method comprises the steps that extrusion preforming of an aluminum ingot blank is completed in the extrusion containing chamber, punching is conducted through the punching rod-upper die composite part, and secondary extrusion forming is completed through the punching rod-upper die composite part and the lower die. Before secondary extrusion forming, the aluminum ingot blank is processed into the perforated preformed part which is the same as the finished product in geometry and similar in cross section size in the extrusion containing chamber, then the finished product is obtained through continuous deformation, the process of splitting and then converging is avoided, cracks at the converging interface are avoided, and the mechanical strength of the finished product is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of metallurgical production, and in particular to an extrusion molding device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid economic development in my country in recent years, the demand for aluminum and aluminum alloy products has increased. As low-density and high-strength metal products, aluminum and aluminum alloys are often extruded in the production process. In order to reduce the deformation resistance of the metal, a certain high temperature is generally maintained during the extrusion process. The aluminum ingot is heated to above 450°C, and then placed in the same heated extrusion chamber. The preheated extrusion rod is pushed to pressurize the aluminum ingot. The aluminum ingot is deformed through the heated mold under high temperature and high pressure to become a component or profile of the required shape. The mold used for extrusion molding includes an upper mold and a lower mold. When making hollow cylindrical, annular and other complex products, multiple diversion holes are usually set on the material injection surface of the upper mold, so that the metal is divided into multiple strands when injected into the mold, which can more fully fill the internal space of the mold; however, due to the tearing and destruction of the continuous crystal structure inside the metal during the diversion process, it is easy to produce cracks at the interface formed by the fusion of different strands of metal, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical strength of the finished product.

[0003] Therefore, how to maintain the continuous crystal structure of the metal during the extrusion molding of hollow aluminum and aluminum alloy products and avoid the generation of cracks when the strands are separated and then merged is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a step-by-step extrusion device and method. In the extrusion process, through the steps of extrusion preforming, perforation, secondary extrusion molding, etc., the aluminum ingot is first processed into a structure that is geometrically isomorphic to the finished product and has a similar cross-sectional size in the extrusion chamber before the secondary extrusion molding, and then is continuously deformed into the finished product, thereby avoiding the process of splitting and re-merging, thereby not destroying the continuous crystal phase structure in the metal and avoiding the generation of cracks.

[0005] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides an extrusion molding device on one hand, including a hydraulic press, a first push rod, a second push rod, a perforating rod-upper die composite, an extrusion chamber, a blocking block and a lower die;

[0006] The first pushing rod and the second pushing rod are arranged in parallel, and the first pushing rod and the second pushing rod can be switched to the pushing rod working position respectively;

[0007] The perforating rod-upper mold composite is fixedly arranged at the end of the second pushing rod;

[0008] The blocking block and the lower die are arranged in parallel, and the blocking block and the lower die can be switched to the lower die working position respectively; the size of the blocking block is equivalent to that of the lower die, and the blocking block is a solid structure;

[0009] The hydraulic press, the push rod working position, the extrusion chamber and the lower die working position are coaxially arranged in sequence;

[0010] The extrusion molding equipment is used to manufacture aluminum products with hollow structures;

[0011] The punch rod-upper die composite and the lower die cooperate to determine the contour of the aluminum product.

[0012] Preferably, the equipment also includes a pushing rod switching mechanism and a lower mold switching mechanism; the first pushing rod and the second pushing rod are arranged on the pushing rod switching mechanism, and the pushing rod switching mechanism is used to switch the first pushing rod or the second pushing rod to the pushing rod working position; the blocking block and the lower mold are on the lower mold switching mechanism, and the lower mold switching mechanism is used to switch the blocking block or the lower mold to the lower mold working position.

[0013] Preferably, the device further comprises a feeding mechanism, which is used to feed the aluminum ingot to one end of the first pushing rod.

[0014] Preferably, the hydraulic press comprises a fixed end and a movable end, and the push rod switching mechanism is fixedly connected to the movable end.

[0015] Preferably, the device further comprises a guide rail, the guide rail is fixedly connected to the fixed end, the movable end and the extrusion chamber are arranged on the guide rail; and the axes of the guide rail and the extrusion chamber are parallel.

[0016] Preferably, the lower mold has a perforated rod through hole, the size of the perforated rod through hole matches the cross-sectional size of the perforated rod-upper mold composite, and the length of the perforated rod-upper mold composite is greater than the thickness of the lower mold; the perforated rod through hole is used to allow the perforated rod-upper mold composite to pass through when the aluminum product is extruded.

[0017] Preferably, the lower mold has a discharge port, and the discharge port is larger than the cross-section of the perforating rod-upper mold composite.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides an extrusion molding method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Setting the first pushing rod at the pushing rod working position, setting the blocking block at the lower die working position, and feeding the aluminum ingot to the end of the first pushing rod; the pushing rod working position, the extrusion chamber and the lower die working position are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the blocking block covers the discharge port of the extrusion chamber;

[0020] S2: Pushing the aluminum ingot into the extrusion chamber by the first pushing rod, so that the high-temperature aluminum ingot fully fills the space between the end of the first pushing rod and the blocking block in the extrusion chamber, completing the extrusion preforming;

[0021] S3: retract the first pushing rod and switch the first pushing rod to a second pushing rod with a perforating rod-upper mold composite member fixedly disposed at the end;

[0022] S4: pushing the punching rod-upper die composite into the extrusion chamber by the second pushing rod until the end of the punching rod-upper die composite abuts against the blocking block, punching a hole in the extruded preformed aluminum ingot to form a preformed aluminum ingot with a hole;

[0023] S5: Switch the blocking block to a lower die;

[0024] S6: Pushing the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot into the lower die through the second pushing rod, so that it fully fills the space between the perforating rod-upper die composite and the lower die, completing the secondary extrusion molding;

[0025] S7: Cool the aluminum after secondary extrusion and perform post-processing to obtain the desired aluminum product.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, before the blocking block is switched to the lower die, the second pushing rod and the extrusion chamber are first synchronously retreated to separate the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot and the blocking block; after the blocking block is switched to the lower die, the second pushing rod and the extrusion chamber are synchronously advanced again to abut against the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot and the feed port of the lower die.

[0027] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The equipment and method of the present invention includes multiple steps such as extrusion preforming, perforation, and secondary extrusion forming. Before the secondary extrusion forming, the aluminum ingot is first processed into a preformed piece with holes that is geometrically isomorphic to the finished product and has a similar cross-sectional size in the extrusion chamber, and then the finished product is obtained through continuous deformation, thereby avoiding the process of strand separation and re-merging, thereby not destroying the continuous crystal phase structure in the metal, thus avoiding the generation of cracks at the interface of strand separation and merging, and improving the mechanical strength of the finished product;

[0029] 2. The perforating rod-upper mold composite member used in the present invention plays the role of perforation and mold shaping in different working steps, and is suitable for the manufacture of various parts or profiles with hollow structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figures 1 to 3A schematic diagram of the device structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the lower mold according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, the extrusion molding equipment disclosed in this embodiment includes a hydraulic press 1, an extrusion chamber 2, a first pushing rod 3, a second pushing rod 4, a perforating rod-upper die composite 41, a pushing rod switching mechanism 5, a feeding mechanism 6, a blocking block 7, a lower die 8 and a lower die switching mechanism 9. The extrusion chamber 2 is cylindrical and is provided with a heating function, and the pushing direction of the aluminum ingot 10 is arranged along the axis of the extrusion chamber 2; the hydraulic press 1, the pushing rod switching mechanism 5, the feeding mechanism 6, the extrusion chamber 2 and the lower die switching mechanism 9 are arranged in sequence along the pushing direction of the aluminum ingot. The hydraulic press 1 has a fixed end and a movable end 11. The fixed end of the hydraulic press 1 is fixedly connected to a guide rail 12, the guide rail 12 is parallel to the axis, the movable end of the hydraulic press 1 and the extrusion chamber 2 are both arranged on the guide rail 12, and the movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 is fixedly connected to the push rod switching mechanism 5; the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 are arranged in parallel on the push rod switching mechanism 5, and can be respectively switched to the axis by translation through the push rod switching mechanism 5; the shape of the first push rod 3 and the shape of the second push rod 4 are respectively matched with the extrusion chamber 2 (a gap for exhausting gas is left between the two); when the movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 moves in the pushing direction under the limit of the guide rail 12, it drives the push rod switching mechanism 5 and the push rod arranged on the axis to push into the extrusion chamber 2; the perforating rod-upper mold composite 41 is fixedly arranged at one end of the second push rod 4. The feeding mechanism 6 is used to feed the aluminum ingot 10 to the end of the first push rod 3 when the first push rod 3 is located at the initial pushing position on the axis. The lower die switching mechanism 9 is fixedly arranged at the discharge port of the extrusion chamber 2; the blocking block 7 and the lower die 8 are arranged in parallel on the lower die switching mechanism 9, and can be respectively switched to the axis by the lower die switching mechanism 9; when the lower die 8 is located on the axis, the lower die 8 covers the discharge port of the extrusion chamber 2 and the feed port of the lower die 8 is slightly smaller than the discharge port of the extrusion chamber 2; the lower die 8 is used to determine the outer contour of the extruded aluminum product, and the perforating rod-upper die composite 31 is used to determine the inner wall contour of the hollow structure of the aluminum product; when the blocking block 7 is located on the axis, the blocking block 7 covers the discharge port of the extrusion chamber 2, and the blocking block 7 is a solid structure, that is, equivalent to a solid lower die. The pushing rod switching mechanism 5, the feeding mechanism 6 and the lower die switching mechanism 9 in this embodiment are all guide rail-slider structures, in which the translation direction of the slider is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the aluminum ingot 10.

[0035] During operation, the extrusion molding method of this embodiment includes the first to third steps. Figure 1 As shown, in the first working step, the first pushing rod 3 is in the pushing rod working position, and the blocking block 7 is in the lower die working position, that is, the first pushing rod 3 and the blocking block 7 are coaxially arranged on the axis of the extrusion chamber 2, including the following steps:

[0036] S1: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 returns to the initial pushing position, and the feeding mechanism 6 feeds the aluminum ingot 10 (cylindrical) to the end of the first pushing rod 3;

[0037] S2: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 drives the first pushing rod 3 to move forward in the pushing direction, pushing the aluminum ingot 10 into the extrusion chamber 2; since the blocking block 7 covers the discharge port of the extrusion chamber 2 at this time, blocking the aluminum ingot 10 from leaving the discharge port, the first pushing rod 3 further extrude the high-temperature aluminum ingot 10 to fully fill the space between the end of the first pushing rod 3 and the blocking block 7 in the extrusion chamber 2, completing the extrusion preforming;

[0038] S3: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 returns to the initial pushing position, and the first pushing rod 3 is switched to the second pushing rod 4 with a perforating rod-upper mold composite 41 fixedly provided at the end, and the second working step is entered.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in the second working step, the second pushing rod 4 is in the pushing rod working position, and the blocking block 7 is in the lower die working position, that is, the second pushing rod 4 and the blocking block 7 are coaxially arranged on the axis of the extrusion chamber 2, including the following steps:

[0040] S4: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 drives the second pushing rod 4 to move forward in the pushing direction, pushing the punching rod-upper die composite 41 into the extrusion chamber 2 until the end of the punching rod-upper die composite 41 abuts against the blocking block 7; the punching rod-upper die composite 41 plays a punching role at this time, punching holes in the extruded preformed aluminum ingot 10 to form a preformed part with holes of the aluminum ingot 10;

[0041] S5: Switch the blocking block 7 to the lower die 8. When switching, the movable end of the hydraulic press 1, the second pushing rod 4 and the extrusion chamber 2 can synchronously retreat a distance along the guide rail 12 to make the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot 10 break away from the blocking block 7. After switching, move forward again to make the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot 10 and the feed port of the lower die 8 collide with each other, and enter the third step.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, in the third step, the second push rod 4 is in the push rod working position, and the lower die 8 is in the lower die working position, that is, the second push rod 4 and the lower die 8 are coaxially arranged on the axis of the extrusion chamber 2, including the following steps:

[0043] S6: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 moves further in the pushing direction, pushing the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot 10 into the lower die 8, so that it fully fills the space between the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 and the lower die 8, completing the secondary extrusion molding. At this time, the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 plays the role of the upper die, and cooperates with the lower die 8 to limit the shape of the finished product.

[0044] S7: After cooling, demoulding, cutting to remove excess parts, polishing or cutting and other subsequent processing are carried out to obtain finished parts or profiles.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the length of the perforating rod-upper mold composite 41 is greater than the thickness of the lower mold 8, and a perforating rod through hole 81 is provided at the bottom of the lower mold 8, so that the perforating rod-upper mold composite 41 can pass through the perforating rod through hole 81 during the secondary extrusion molding, ensuring that it penetrates the finished product, and the cross-sectional sizes of the perforating rod-upper mold composite 41 and the perforating rod through hole 81 match (a gap is left between the two for discharging the gas in the mold), which is used for the extrusion molding of cylindrical or annular parts, such as the middle section parts of the heat dissipation casing of some equipment. At this time, the perforating rod-upper mold composite 41 close to the root of the second push rod 4 plays the role of the upper mold, and its shape needs to be determined according to actual needs, while the part farther away from the root plays the role of the perforating rod, so it can be directly extended from the cross-sectional shape of the upper mold, or it can be set to other cross-sectional shapes that are convenient for perforation. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments according to actual needs. Preferably, the inner diameter of the extrusion chamber 2 is slightly larger than the feed port of the lower die 8, so that the perforated preform obtained by the first and second steps is closer to the size of the finished part, and the desired finished product can be formed with less deformation in the third step.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the punch rod-upper mold composite 41 may include a plurality of punch rods for manufacturing a component having a plurality of hole-shaped structures.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, a lower die outlet may also be provided at the bottom of the lower die 8 for extrusion molding of tubular profiles; the cross-section of the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 is smaller than the lower die outlet, and the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 passes through the lower die outlet during secondary extrusion molding, and the inner wall of the lower die outlet and the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 cooperate to limit the cross-sectional shape of the finished profile.

[0048] In the extrusion process of this embodiment, multiple steps such as extrusion preforming, perforation, and secondary extrusion forming are performed. Before the secondary extrusion forming, the aluminum ingot 10 is first processed into a preformed piece with holes that is geometrically isomorphic to the finished product and has a similar cross-sectional size in the extrusion chamber 2, and then the finished product is obtained through continuous deformation, thereby avoiding the process of stranding and then merging, so as not to destroy the continuous crystalline structure in the metal, and thus avoiding the generation of cracks at the interface of the strands. The material of the aluminum ingot 10 in this embodiment is the material of the finished product, which can be pure metal aluminum or aluminum alloy. Those skilled in the art can determine it according to actual needs; this embodiment only shows the key differences from the equipment and methods in the prior art. This embodiment does not limit the heating / cooling equipment or structures in the equipment, as well as the preheating temperature, extrusion pressure and other related process parameters. Those skilled in the art can set them according to actual conditions, and will not repeat them here.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An extrusion molding device, characterized in that: It includes a hydraulic press, a first pushing rod, a second pushing rod, a punching rod-upper die composite, an extrusion chamber, a blocking block and a lower die; The first pushing rod and the second pushing rod are arranged in parallel, and the first pushing rod and the second pushing rod can be switched to the pushing rod working position respectively; The perforating rod-upper mold composite is fixedly arranged at the end of the second pushing rod; The blocking block and the lower die are arranged in parallel, and the blocking block and the lower die can be switched to the lower die working position respectively; the size of the blocking block is equivalent to that of the lower die, and the blocking block is a solid structure; The hydraulic press, the push rod working position, the extrusion chamber and the lower die working position are coaxially arranged in sequence; The extrusion molding equipment is used to manufacture aluminum products with hollow structures; The punch rod-upper die composite and the lower die cooperate to determine the contour of the aluminum product.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes a pushing rod switching mechanism and a lower mold switching mechanism; the first pushing rod and the second pushing rod are arranged on the pushing rod switching mechanism, and the pushing rod switching mechanism is used to switch the first pushing rod or the second pushing rod to the pushing rod working position; the blocking block and the lower mold are on the lower mold switching mechanism, and the lower mold switching mechanism is used to switch the blocking block or the lower mold to the lower mold working position.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes a feeding mechanism, which is used to feed the aluminum ingot to one end of the first pushing rod.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The hydraulic press comprises a fixed end and a movable end, and the push rod switching mechanism is fixedly connected to the movable end.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that It also includes a guide rail, which is fixedly connected to the fixed end, and the movable end and the extrusion chamber are arranged on the guide rail; the axes of the guide rail and the extrusion chamber are parallel.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower die has a perforation rod through hole, the size of the perforation rod through hole matches the cross-sectional size of the perforation rod-upper die composite, and the length of the perforation rod-upper die composite is greater than the thickness of the lower die; the perforation rod through hole is used to allow the perforation rod-upper die composite to pass through when the aluminum product is extruded.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower die has a discharge port, and the discharge port is larger than the cross section of the perforating rod-upper die composite part.

8. An extrusion molding method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Setting the first pushing rod at the pushing rod working position, setting the blocking block at the lower die working position, and feeding the aluminum ingot to the end of the first pushing rod; the pushing rod working position, the extrusion chamber and the lower die working position are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the blocking block covers the discharge port of the extrusion chamber; S2: Pushing the aluminum ingot into the extrusion chamber by the first pushing rod, so that the high-temperature aluminum ingot fully fills the space between the end of the first pushing rod and the blocking block in the extrusion chamber, completing the extrusion preforming; S3: retract the first pushing rod and switch the first pushing rod to a second pushing rod with a perforating rod-upper mold composite member fixedly disposed at the end; S4: pushing the punching rod-upper die composite into the extrusion chamber by the second pushing rod until the end of the punching rod-upper die composite abuts against the blocking block, punching a hole in the extruded preformed aluminum ingot to form a preformed aluminum ingot with a hole; S5: Switch the blocking block to a lower die; S6: Pushing the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot into the lower die through the second pushing rod, so that it fully fills the space between the perforating rod-upper die composite and the lower die, completing the secondary extrusion molding; S7: Cool the aluminum after secondary extrusion and perform post-processing to obtain the desired aluminum product.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that In step S5, before the blocking block is switched to the lower die, the second pushing rod and the extrusion chamber are first synchronously retreated to separate the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot and the blocking block; after the blocking block is switched to the lower die, the second pushing rod and the extrusion chamber are synchronously advanced again to abut against the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot and the feed port of the lower die.

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