Method for preparing NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of material science, and discloses a method for preparing a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure and application. According to the method, gradient distribution of NiCu alloy components and structures is achieved by accurately controlling the current density and the potential gradient in the electrodeposition process. Compared with a traditional preparation method, the method avoids the problem that physical and chemical properties of metal are possibly changed by adding alloy elements, increasing mechanical deformation and the like. The NiCu alloy prepared through the method has good obdurability, abrasion resistance, damping capacity and high-temperature performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of material science, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of nanotechnology, materials science and metal manufacturing, metals with nano-gradient structures have attracted extensive attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Metals with nano-gradient structures have high strength, high hardness and good corrosion resistance, which make them have important application prospects in aerospace, electronics and medical fields. However, metals with nano-gradient structures also face some challenges, such as thermal and mechanical instability, which can lead to significant grain growth. In addition, although metals show significant Hall-Petch strengthening, they often have low ductility and fracture toughness. Existing solutions mainly stabilize the nano-gradient structure by adding alloying elements. For example, by adding a third element to form a solid solution or an intermetallic compound, the thermal and mechanical stability of metals with nano-gradient structures can be improved. In addition, there are some methods to adjust the microstructure of metals with nano-gradient structures through mechanical deformation, such as cold rolling, heat treatment, etc., to improve their ductility and fracture toughness. Although existing solutions can improve the properties of metals with nano-gradient structures to a certain extent, there are still some problems. First, the addition of alloying elements may change the physical and chemical properties of the metal, thereby affecting its performance. Secondly, the mechanical deformation process may introduce severe mechanical stress, which may lead to the embrittlement of the metal. In addition, the existing methods often require complex process flows and high manufacturing costs, which is not conducive to large-scale production. Therefore, how to develop a new preparation method to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies is an important challenge facing the current field of nanotechnology.

[0003] NiCu alloy has high strength and certain resistance to oxidation corrosion at high temperatures. The strength of this alloy is higher than that of pure nickel, and it also exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in a variety of non-oxidizing acid and alkaline environments (including rapidly flowing seawater). In addition, NiCu alloy also has excellent oxidation resistance in high-oxygen environments, and has excellent mechanical properties at temperatures below zero and up to 550°C. Traditional NiCu alloys with nano-gradient structures are often produced by adding alloys, mechanical deformation, and other methods, which have problems such as difficulty in preparation and the need to further improve performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] This method achieves a gradient distribution of NiCu alloy composition and structure by precisely controlling the current density and potential gradient during the electrodeposition process. Compared with traditional preparation methods, this method avoids the problem that methods such as adding alloy elements and increasing mechanical deformation may change the physical and chemical properties of metals. The NiCu alloy prepared by this method has good toughness, wear resistance, shock absorption ability and high temperature performance.

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to prepare a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure, comprising the following steps:

[0006] a) pre-treating the substrate material Ni plate or Cu plate to ensure the smooth progress of the electrodeposition process;

[0007] b) constructing an electrodeposition system, which includes an electrolytic cell, an anode, a pretreated substrate material as a cathode, and a constant current power supply, wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with an electroplating solution containing Ni ions and Cu ions;

[0008] c) accurately controlling the current density by a constant current power supply, gradually increasing the current density from an initial low current density to a final high current density, so as to form a gradient distribution with a gradually changing ratio of Ni and Cu on the substrate;

[0009] d) utilizing the potential gradient between the electrode and the electrolytic solution interface to further regulate the electrodeposition rate of Ni and Cu to achieve a gradient distribution of alloy components;

[0010] e) After the electrodeposition is completed, the deposits are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to confirm their surface morphology and chemical composition;

[0011] f) According to the characterization results of SEM and EDX, the gradient nanostructure of the NiCu alloy was optimized by adjusting the electrodeposition parameters, such as current density range, potential gradient, plating solution composition and concentration.

[0012] In step a), the pretreatment includes ultrasonication, rinsing and drying steps.

[0013] In step b), the electroplating solution is a sulfate and / or chloride mixed solution containing Ni ions and Cu ions. In the electroplating solution, the total concentration of Ni ions and Cu ions is 10-30wt%, and the molar ratio of Ni ions to Cu ions is 1:1-1:5

[0014] In step b), the anode is a high-purity electrolytic nickel plate.

[0015] In step c), the current density is from 10 mA / cm 2 Gradually increase to 100mA / cm 2 ; The electrodeposition time is 30-100min.

[0016] The NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure prepared by the above method has a continuously changing Ni and Cu component ratio along its length or thickness direction, forming a gradient nanostructure.

[0017] The NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure prepared by the above method is suitable for the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry, chemical industry and marine engineering, especially in the manufacture of parts requiring high strength, high toughness and good corrosion resistance.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] Compared with the prior art, this technical solution mainly solves the following technical problems:

[0020] 1) How to develop gradient nanostructured metals through chemical composition to overcome the problem in existing technologies that adding alloying elements may change the physical and chemical properties of metals with nano-gradient structures.

[0021] 2) How to manufacture gradient nanostructured metals by compositional means to avoid the shortcomings of the existing technology that the mechanical deformation process may introduce severe mechanical stress.

[0022] 3) How to combine gradient nanostructuring into a single process strategy to improve the thermal and mechanical stability of metals with nano-gradient structures while overcoming the problems of complex process flows and high manufacturing costs in existing technologies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is the SEM image of the product obtained in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The main purpose of the present invention is to prepare a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure, comprising the following steps:

[0026] a) Pre-treating the base material Ni plate, mainly including ultrasonic, rinsing, drying and other steps to ensure the smooth progress of the electrodeposition process;

[0027] b) constructing an electrodeposition system, which includes an electrolytic cell, an anode, a pretreated substrate material as a cathode, and a constant current power supply, wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with a solution containing 20 wt % nickel sulfate and copper sulfate;

[0028] c) in terms of metal, the molar ratio of Ni / Cu in the solution is 1:1;

[0029] d) The current density is precisely controlled by a constant current power supply, from the initial low current density of 10mA / cm 2Gradually increase to the final high current density of 100mA / cm 2 ;

[0030] e) The electrodeposition time is 30 min;

[0031] f) The prepared NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure has a continuously changing Ni and Cu component ratio along its length or thickness direction, forming a gradient nanostructure.

[0032] The hardness of the NiCu alloy prepared in this embodiment is 7.08 GPa and the modulus is 168.4 GPa.

[0033] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the product obtained in this example has an obvious gradient nanostructure, which gradually transitions from the larger Ni metal particles at the bottom to the smaller Cu metal particles.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The main purpose of the present invention is to prepare a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure, comprising the following steps:

[0036] a) Pre-treating the base material Ni plate, mainly including ultrasonic, rinsing, drying and other steps to ensure the smooth progress of the electrodeposition process;

[0037] b) constructing an electrodeposition system, which includes an electrolytic cell, an anode, a pretreated substrate material as a cathode, and a constant current power supply, wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with a solution containing 20 wt % nickel sulfate and copper sulfate;

[0038] c) Based on metal, the molar ratio of Ni / Cu in the solution is 1:2;

[0039] d) The current density is precisely controlled by a constant current power supply, from the initial low current density of 10mA / cm 2 Gradually increase to the final high current density of 100mA / cm 2 ;

[0040] e) The electrodeposition time is 30 min;

[0041] f) The prepared NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure has a continuously changing Ni and Cu component ratio along its length or thickness direction, forming a gradient nanostructure.

[0042] The hardness of the NiCu alloy prepared in this embodiment is 7.58 GPa and the modulus is 172.4 GPa.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The main purpose of the present invention is to prepare a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure, comprising the following steps:

[0045] a) Pre-treating the Cu substrate, mainly including ultrasonic, rinsing, drying and other steps, to ensure the smooth progress of the electrodeposition process;

[0046] b) constructing an electrodeposition system, which includes an electrolytic cell, an anode, a pretreated substrate material as a cathode, and a constant current power supply, wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with a solution containing 20 wt % nickel sulfate and copper sulfate;

[0047] c) in terms of metal, the molar ratio of Ni / Cu in the solution is 1:1;

[0048] d) The current density is precisely controlled by a constant current power supply, from the initial low current density of 10mA / cm 2 Gradually increase to the final high current density of 100mA / cm 2 ;

[0049] e) The electrodeposition time is 60 min;

[0050] f) The prepared NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure has a continuously changing Ni and Cu component ratio along its length or thickness direction, forming a gradient nanostructure.

[0051] The hardness of the NiCu alloy prepared in this embodiment is 8.01 GPa and the modulus is 189.2 GPa.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] The main purpose of the present invention is to prepare a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure, comprising the following steps:

[0054] a) Pre-treating the Cu substrate, mainly including ultrasonic, rinsing, drying and other steps, to ensure the smooth progress of the electrodeposition process;

[0055] b) constructing an electrodeposition system, which includes an electrolytic cell, an anode, a pretreated substrate material as a cathode, and a constant current power supply, wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with a solution containing 20 wt % nickel chloride and copper chloride;

[0056] c) in terms of metal, the molar ratio of Ni / Cu in the solution is 1:1;

[0057] d) The current density is precisely controlled by a constant current power supply, from the initial low current density of 10mA / cm 2 Gradually increase to the final high current density of 100mA / cm 2 ;

[0058] e) The electrodeposition time is 60 min;

[0059] f) The prepared NiCu alloy with gradient nanostructure has a continuously changing Ni and Cu component ratio along its length or thickness direction, forming a gradient nanostructure.

[0060] The hardness of the NiCu alloy prepared in this embodiment is 8.23 ​​GPa and the modulus is 184.2 GPa.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a NiCu alloy with a gradient nanostructure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) pre-treating the substrate material Ni plate or Cu plate to ensure the smooth progress of the electrodeposition process; b) constructing an electrodeposition system, which includes an electrolytic cell, an anode, a pretreated substrate material as a cathode, and a constant current power supply, wherein the electrolytic cell is filled with an electroplating solution containing Ni ions and Cu ions; c) accurately controlling the current density by a constant current power supply, gradually increasing the current density from an initial low current density to a final high current density, so as to form a gradient distribution with a gradually changing ratio of Ni and Cu on the substrate; d) utilizing the potential gradient between the electrode and the electrolytic solution interface to further regulate the electrodeposition rate of Ni and Cu to achieve a gradient distribution of alloy components; e) After the electrodeposition is completed, the deposit is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to confirm its surface morphology and chemical composition; f) According to the characterization results of SEM and EDX, the gradient nanostructure of the NiCu alloy was optimized by adjusting the electrodeposition parameters, such as current density range, potential gradient, plating solution composition and concentration.

2. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a), the pretreatment includes ultrasonication, rinsing and drying steps.

3. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b), the electroplating solution is a sulfate and / or chloride mixed solution containing Ni ions and Cu ions.

4. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b), the total concentration of Ni ions and Cu ions in the electroplating solution is 10-30wt%.

5. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step b), in the electroplating solution, the molar ratio of Ni ions to Cu ions is 1:1-1:

5.

6. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b), the anode is a high-purity electrolytic nickel plate.

7. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c), the current density is from 10 mA / cm 2 Gradually increase to 100mA / cm 2 .

8. The method for preparing a NiCu alloy having a gradient nanostructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c), the electrodeposition time is 30-100 min.

Images