Coal mine underground drilling-expanding-protecting directional drilling equipment and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to coal mine underground drilling-expanding-protecting directional drilling equipment and a construction method, and belongs to the field of coal mine gas control. The equipment comprises an automatic directional drill carriage arranged in an air return way and an automatic casing lowering vehicle arranged in an auxiliary way. A drill rod is arranged on the automatic directional drill carriage, and a universal drill bit or a pull-back reamer bit is mounted on the drill rod; after the automatic casing lowering trolley is started, the casing is conveyed into the drill hole; the sleeve is connected with the pull-back reamer bit; and a positioning guide component is arranged on the universal drill bit. The construction method comprises the steps that the automatic directional drill carriage directionally constructs the pilot hole towards the auxiliary roadway until the pilot hole penetrates through the coal pillar; and the directional drilling component conducts back-dragging reaming construction, and meanwhile the automatic casing lowering trolley pushes the casing in the reaming direction till back-dragging reaming is conducted to an air return way. The optical fiber gyroscope is used as a positioning and guiding drilling part, the precision of a drilling track is controlled, pull-back reaming and casing running are integrated into integrated construction, and after large-diameter drilling construction is completed, it is also guaranteed that a casing is put in place.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of coal mine gas control, and relates to an underground "drilling-expansion-protection" directional drilling device and a construction method for a coal mine. Background Art

[0003] Many high-burst mines are actively exploring innovative methods. Among them, the process of constructing large-diameter holes in the section coal pillars to extract gas from the goaf has gradually been widely used and gradually replaced the traditional buried pipe extraction process in the connecting lane. This measure not only successfully solved the problem of gas outburst in the goaf, but also significantly reduced the gas concentration in the upper corner, providing a strong guarantee for the safe production of coal mines.

[0004] At present, the construction of large-diameter drilling mainly adopts two technical methods: one-time hole formation with large-diameter drill bit and graded hole expansion technology.

[0005] Large-diameter drill bit one-time hole-making technology has achieved good application results in some areas with relatively simple geological conditions due to its high efficiency and speed. However, with the increase in construction depth and geological complexity, this technology faces many challenges.

[0006] The graded hole expansion technology reduces the construction difficulty and improves the hole quality to a certain extent by gradually expanding the borehole diameter, but it also has problems such as long construction period and high cost.

[0007] Although the large-diameter drilling construction technology is constantly developing and improving, there are still four major problems in the construction process due to the limitations of coal seam occurrence and construction equipment.

[0008] First, the drilling cannot be accurately oriented. Under complex geological conditions, the direction and inclination of coal seams often change greatly, and the existing directional technology is difficult to accurately grasp these changes, resulting in large deviations in the drilling trajectory. This will not only reduce the efficiency of gas extraction, but may also cause the drilling to deviate from the predetermined target, affecting the subsequent construction and gas control effects.

[0009] Second, large-diameter boreholes are prone to collapse. The physical properties of the coal seam itself and the effect of geological stress make large-diameter boreholes very prone to collapse after drilling. Once the borehole collapses, it is difficult to lower the casing smoothly, which brings great difficulties to the subsequent gas extraction work. Even if the casing can be lowered, it may be damaged due to deformation of the borehole, affecting the normal operation of the extraction system.

[0010] Third, the hole formation rate of large-diameter drilling is low. During the drilling process, the stability of the hole wall is crucial to slag removal and hole formation rate. Due to the poor stability of the hole wall, problems such as drill jamming and blockage are prone to occur during the slag removal process, resulting in difficulty in slag removal. This will not only affect the construction progress, but also increase the construction risk and reduce the hole formation rate.

[0011] Fourth, the labor intensity is high. Large-diameter drill bits, spiral drill rods, casings and other equipment have large diameters and heavy weights, so operators need to bear greater labor intensity during the construction process. Long-term high-intensity labor will not only affect work efficiency, but may also cause operator fatigue and increase the probability of safety accidents.

[0012] In summary, although large-diameter drilling construction provides a new way for gas control in high-burst mines, it still faces many technical problems and difficulties in practical application. Summary of the invention

[0013] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment and construction method for underground coal mines, which can achieve precise drilling orientation, avoid the problems of poor wall stability of large-diameter boreholes and difficult slag removal, and reduce labor intensity.

[0014] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0015] A "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling device for underground coal mines, comprising an automatic directional drilling vehicle arranged in a return air lane and an automatic casing lowering vehicle arranged in an auxiliary lane;

[0016] The automatic directional drilling vehicle is provided with a drill rod, on which a general drill bit or a pull-back reaming drill bit is installed; after the automatic casing lowering vehicle is turned on, the casing is conveyed into the borehole; the casing is detachably mounted on an end of the pull-back reaming drill bit away from the drill rod.

[0017] Optionally, a positioning guide component is provided between the universal drill bit and the drill rod.

[0018] Optionally, the positioning and guiding component is a fiber optic gyroscope.

[0019] A "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method for an underground coal mine, using the above-mentioned "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment for an underground coal mine; the return air lane and the auxiliary lane are separated by a coal pillar;

[0020] The construction method comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. From the return air lane, the automatic directional drilling vehicle uses the positioning guide component to construct a pilot hole on the coal pillar toward the auxiliary lane until the coal pillar is penetrated;

[0022] S2, starting the automatic directional drilling vehicle to carry out back-dragging and hole-expanding construction, starting the automatic casing lowering vehicle to push the casing in the hole-expanding direction, until the hole is back-draggled and expanded to the return air lane.

[0023] Optionally, in step S1, when the construction of the pilot hole is completed, the drill bit and the positioning guide component are removed from the auxiliary tunnel, and the pull-back reaming drill bit is installed on the drill rod.

[0024] Optionally, in step S2, before starting the automatic casing lowering vehicle, the casing is connected to the pull-back reaming drill bit.

[0025] Optionally, after the hole is pulled back and expanded to the return air channel, the drill rod and the hole expansion drill bit are removed, and the casing outside the drill hole is removed in the auxiliary channel to complete the hole.

[0026] Optionally, the back-dragging and hole-expanding operation of the automatic directional drilling vehicle and the automatic casing lowering vehicle are started simultaneously.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The present invention controls the drilling trajectory by constructing a pilot directional drilling and adopting the fiber optic gyro measurement technology, thereby avoiding the interference of iron metals such as anchor rods and anchor cables, ensuring the hole formation trajectory of the pilot drilling and solving the deviation problem.

[0029] Two sets of special equipment, an automatic directional drilling vehicle and an automatic casing lowering vehicle, are used to cooperate in the construction. The automatic directional drilling vehicle is used to construct pilot holes and back-haul holes, and the automatic casing lowering vehicle is mainly used to connect and push casing down. The automatic directional drilling vehicle and the automatic casing lowering vehicle are started in coordination, and the hole is pulled back to expand and the casing is lowered simultaneously, achieving large-diameter drilling completion and casing hole protection, realizing the "drilling-expansion-protection" integrated drilling.

[0030] The automatic directional drilling vehicle and automatic casing lowering vehicle are all equipped with automated design, which greatly reduces labor intensity.

[0031] The automatic directional drilling vehicle and the automatic casing lowering vehicle are placed in two adjacent tunnels respectively. When carrying out the integrated construction of "drilling-expansion-protection", synchronous drilling is carried out through coordinated control, realizing the integration of large-diameter drilling completion and casing lowering.

[0032] The present invention is based on fiber optic gyro directional technology. Through the integrated process of "drilling-expansion-protection" and automatic coordinated control of dual equipment, it realizes the precision, automation and efficiency of large-diameter drilling construction. Its innovation lies not only in solving the technical bottleneck in traditional processes, but also in improving the overall level of coal mine gas control through systematic optimization. It shows significant advantages in hole quality, construction efficiency, safety and economy, and provides reliable technical support for gas control in high-burst mines.

[0033] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the directional drilling equipment of the present invention;

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Return air lane, 2. Automatic directional drilling vehicle, 3. Drill rod, 4. Coal pillar, 5. Back-drag reaming drill bit, 6. Casing, 7. Automatic casing lowering vehicle, 8. Auxiliary lane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0039] Among them, the drawings are only used for illustrative explanations, and they only represent schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0040] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] See also Figure 1 It is a "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment in underground coal mines, including an automatic directional drilling vehicle 2 arranged in a return air tunnel 1 and an automatic casing lowering vehicle 7 arranged in an auxiliary tunnel 8.

[0042] The automatic directional drilling vehicle 2 is provided with a drill rod 3, on which a general drill bit or a back-drag reaming drill bit 5 is installed.

[0043] After the automatic casing lowering vehicle 7 is turned on, the casing 6 is conveyed into the borehole; the casing 6 is detachably mounted on the end of the pull-back reaming drill bit 5 away from the drill pipe 3 .

[0044] A positioning guide component is provided between the universal drill bit and the drill rod 3 .

[0045] The positioning and guiding component is a fiber optic gyroscope.

[0046] A "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method for underground coal mines, using the above-mentioned "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment for underground coal mines; the return air lane 1 and the auxiliary lane 8 are separated by a coal pillar 4;

[0047] The construction method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. From the return air lane 1, the automatic directional drilling vehicle 2 uses the positioning guide component to construct a pilot hole on the coal pillar 4 toward the auxiliary lane 8 until the coal pillar 4 is penetrated; the pilot hole is drilled at a negative inclination angle;

[0049] When the pilot hole construction is completed, the drill bit and the positioning guide components are removed from the auxiliary tunnel 8, and the pull-back expansion drill bit 5 is installed on the drill rod 3.

[0050] S2, start the automatic directional drilling vehicle 2 to carry out back-dragging and hole-expanding construction, and at the same time start the automatic casing lowering vehicle 7 to push the casing 6 in the hole-expanding direction until the hole is back-draggled and expanded to the return air lane 1.

[0051] Before the automatic casing lowering vehicle 7 is started, the casing 6 is connected to the back-drag reaming drill bit 5 .

[0052] After the hole is pulled back and expanded to the return air channel 1, the drill rod 3 and the hole expansion drill bit 5 are removed, and the casing 6 outside the drill hole is removed in the auxiliary channel 8 to complete the hole.

[0053] The present invention firstly utilizes the fiber optic gyro measurement technology to carry out the directional construction of the pilot hole, thus overcoming the defect that the traditional magnetic sensor is easily disturbed by the iron anchor rods and anchor cables in the coal seam. It has strong anti-interference ability, can accurately correct the drilling trajectory in real time, and can control the trajectory deviation within a smaller range. The directional accuracy is higher, which can significantly improve the success rate of drilling through the auxiliary tunnel 8.

[0054] Then, the automatic directional drilling vehicle 2 and the automatic casing lowering vehicle 7 work together to combine the back-dragging and hole expansion with the casing 6 lowering process into one, avoiding the problem of casing 6 lowering failure caused by hole wall collapse in traditional step-by-step construction, reducing process connection time, shortening the hole-making cycle, and at the same time improving the long-term stability of large-diameter boreholes and extending the service life of the gas extraction system.

[0055] Both sets of devices are fully automated. Workers only need to monitor the operating status of the equipment and do not need to directly operate heavy drilling tools or carry large-diameter casing 6. This reduces labor intensity, effectively avoids the risk of misoperation due to physical exhaustion, reduces the exposure time of personnel in narrow tunnels, and improves construction safety.

[0056] The automatic directional drilling vehicle 2 and the automatic casing lowering vehicle 7 are deployed in the return air tunnel 1 and the auxiliary tunnel 8 respectively, and the space of the two tunnels is utilized to coordinately advance the construction and avoid equipment congestion in a single tunnel.

[0057] The back-dragging hole expansion process cooperates with the synchronously lowered casing 6 to form a continuous wall protection structure, which effectively suppresses the collapse of the hole wall. At the same time, the drilling cuttings generated by hole expansion are discharged through the inside of the casing 6, and the slag discharge efficiency is improved, which solves the coupling problem of slag discharge difficulty and hole wall instability in large-diameter drilling construction and improves the hole formation rate.

[0058] By replacing the traditional buried pipe extraction process in the connecting tunnel, reducing the dependence on dedicated tunnels and lowering the cost of single-hole construction, automated equipment reduces manpower requirements and saves labor costs. The precise gas extraction effect reduces the risk of excessive gas in the upper corner, providing technical support for safe production in coal mines and achieving significant social benefits.

[0059] The present invention is based on fiber optic gyro directional technology. Through the integrated process of "drilling-expansion-protection" and automatic coordinated control of dual equipment, it realizes the precision, automation and efficiency of large-diameter drilling construction. Its innovation lies not only in solving the technical bottleneck in traditional processes, but also in improving the overall level of coal mine gas control through systematic optimization. It shows significant advantages in hole quality, construction efficiency, safety and economy, and provides reliable technical support for gas control in high-burst mines.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment for underground coal mines, characterized in that: It comprises an automatic directional drilling vehicle (2) arranged in a return air tunnel (1) and an automatic casing lowering vehicle (7) arranged in an auxiliary tunnel (8); The automatic directional drilling vehicle (2) is provided with a drill rod (3), on which a general drill bit or a pull-back reaming drill bit (5) is installed; after the automatic casing lowering vehicle (7) is turned on, the casing (6) is transported into the borehole; the casing (6) is detachably mounted on the pull-back reaming drill bit (5) at one end away from the drill rod (3).

2. The underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment of coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning guide component is provided between the universal drill bit and the drill rod (3).

3. The underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment of coal mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning and guiding component is a fiber optic gyroscope.

4. A "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method for underground coal mines, characterized in that: Using the underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling equipment of a coal mine according to any one of claims 2 to 3; the return air lane (1) and the auxiliary lane (8) are separated by a coal pillar (4); The construction method comprises the following steps: S1. From the return air lane (1), the automatic directional drilling vehicle (2) uses the positioning guide component to construct a pilot hole on the coal pillar (4) toward the auxiliary lane (8) until the coal pillar (4) is penetrated; S2, starting the automatic directional drilling vehicle (2) to carry out back-dragging and hole-expanding construction, starting the automatic casing lowering vehicle (7) to push the casing (6) in the hole-expanding direction, until the hole is back-draggled and expanded to the return air channel (1).

5. The underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method of coal mine according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, when the pilot hole is constructed, the drill bit and the positioning guide component are removed from the auxiliary tunnel (8), and the pull-back expansion drill bit (5) is installed on the drill rod (3).

6. The underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method of coal mine according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, before starting the automatic casing lowering vehicle (7), the casing (6) is connected to the pull-back reaming drill bit (5).

7. The underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method of coal mine according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the hole is expanded back to the return air channel (1), the drill rod (3) and the expansion drill bit (5) are removed, and the casing (6) outside the drill hole is removed in the auxiliary channel (8) to complete the hole.

8. The underground "drill-expand-protect" directional drilling construction method of coal mine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The back-dragging and hole-expanding operation of the automatic directional drilling vehicle (2) and the automatic casing lowering vehicle (7) are started simultaneously.

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