Cowshed water supply abnormity monitoring system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a cowshed water supply abnormity monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, which comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data analysis and processing module, an alarm module and a remote monitoring terminal, and relates to the field of intelligent breeding. The data acquisition module is arranged at the key position of the cowshed water supply system, water flow, water pressure, water temperature, water level and other parameters are acquired in real time, and data are transmitted through various wireless communication technologies with encryption and error correction functions. The data are compared with a preset range in the data analysis processing module, trend analysis and data calibration are performed to accurately judge and predict abnormity, alarming is performed in multiple modes of sound and light, short messages and mails, remote monitoring and parameter setting supporting multiple terminals are matched, and automatic, manual and remote operation of the automatic control module is combined, so that the system is more intelligent and reliable. In addition, reasonable and efficient hardware configuration and a stable system operation mechanism are adopted, so that comprehensive real-time monitoring of the cowshed water supply system is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of smart farming, and in particular to a cattle shed water supply anomaly monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Under the wave of smart agricultural development, the intelligent transformation of dairy cattle farming has become an industry trend. Among them, the efficient management of the cowshed water supply system is crucial to the health of dairy cows, milk production and breeding benefits. However, the limitations of traditional dairy cattle farming water supply management technology have gradually become apparent, and it is difficult to meet the needs of modern breeding.

[0003] At present, there are serious deficiencies in the monitoring of drinking water for dairy cows or beef cattle. Most farms lack effective means to monitor key information such as the amount, frequency and temperature of water cows drink. Even if some are equipped with simple monitoring equipment, they lack the Internet of Things function, resulting in the inability to remotely transmit and share data in real time. For example, when the breeder is not present, it is impossible to know the drinking water status of the cowshed in time. Once an abnormality occurs, it is difficult to deal with it in time, which in turn affects the health of dairy cows and the economic benefits of breeding. At the same time, the safety hazards of water tank heating cannot be ignored. The existing heating system cannot effectively monitor pipe ruptures and water trough leakage. Once such a situation occurs, it will not only waste water resources and increase costs, but may also cause cows to slip, get injured or become ill. Manual inspections are difficult to detect problems in a timely manner, often resulting in economic losses.

[0004] In addition, although technologies such as real-time sensor monitoring, wireless data transmission, and Modbus communication have been applied in related fields, they have not been organically integrated and coordinated in the management of water supply for dairy cattle farming. Each system is independent of each other, and data cannot be shared interactively, making it difficult for farmers to obtain comprehensive and accurate water supply information. Even if data transmission is successful, due to the lack of a unified processing and analysis platform, it is impossible to tap the value of the data and provide support for farming decisions, resulting in inefficient farming management. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cowshed water supply abnormality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things to solve the technical problems existing in traditional dairy cattle farming water supply management, such as insufficient monitoring means, inability to remotely transmit and share data, inability to timely detect and deal with water supply abnormalities, lack of organic integration of various technologies, and inability to mine data value.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a cowshed water supply abnormality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, comprising a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data analysis and processing module, an alarm module and a remote monitoring terminal, wherein data is exchanged between the modules through the Internet of Things; the data acquisition module is arranged at multiple key positions of the cowshed water supply system, and is used to collect operating parameters of the water supply system, and the operating parameters at least include water flow, water pressure, water temperature and water level information; the data transmission module is used to transmit the operating parameters collected by the data acquisition module to the data analysis and processing module; the data analysis and processing module is used to receive the operating parameters, and compare and analyze them with a preset normal parameter range to determine whether there is an abnormality in the water supply system; the alarm module is connected to the data analysis and processing module, and when the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the alarm module issues an alarm; the remote monitoring terminal is connected to the data analysis and processing module through the Internet of Things for remotely viewing the operating parameters and abnormal alarm information of the water supply system.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that the data acquisition module includes: a water flow sensor, installed at the water inlet and outlet of the cowshed water supply pipe, for real-time monitoring of the water flow; a water pressure sensor, arranged at different positions of the water supply pipe to obtain the water pressure in the water supply pipe; a water temperature sensor, installed in a water tank or water supply pipe to measure the water temperature; a water level sensor, placed in a water tank or water tank to monitor the water level height.

[0008] The present invention is further configured that the data transmission module adopts wireless communication technology, and the wireless communication technology includes but is not limited to one or more combinations of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 4G, and 5G, and the data transmission module has data encryption and error correction functions to ensure the security and accuracy of data transmission.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the data analysis and processing module includes: a data storage unit, which is used to store the collected operating parameters and a preset normal parameter range; a data analysis unit, which performs real-time analysis on the collected operating parameters, and determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system when the operating parameters exceed the preset normal parameter range; a trend analysis unit, which performs trend analysis on the operating parameters over a period of time to predict possible water supply abnormalities in advance; and a data calibration unit, which regularly calibrates the collected operating parameters to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that the alarm module includes: an audible and visual alarm, which is installed at the cowshed site and emits audible and visual signals when an abnormality occurs in the water supply system; a text message alarm, which sends an alarm text message to a preset mobile phone number when an abnormality occurs in the water supply system; and an email alarm, which sends the abnormal information in the form of an email to a designated mailbox.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the remote monitoring terminal is a smart phone, a tablet computer or a computer, and by installing a special monitoring APP or logging into a specific web platform, the functions of real-time monitoring of the cowshed water supply system, historical data query, abnormal alarm reception and parameter setting are realized.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that the system also includes an automatic control module, which is connected to the data analysis and processing module. When the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the automatic control module automatically adjusts or controls the water pumps, valves and other equipment of the water supply system according to a preset control strategy to restore the normal operation of the water supply system. The automatic control module has manual control and remote control functions, and the user can manually intervene in the operation of the water supply system through a remote monitoring terminal, or manually operate related equipment on site.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: the system hardware composition includes: an ARM chip GD32F103CBT6 using a Cortex-M3 core, which has 128KB flash, 20KB RAM, uses 3-way USART serial port circuits, GPIO, timer, and IIC bus resources; cooperates with RS485 communication, uses an SP3485 level conversion chip to complete the conversion of USART signals and RS485 signals, and realizes communication with a host computer configuration screen and a sensor; is provided with a 1-way relay output, completes weak current driving strong current through a transistor 8050, and the relay is controlled to be on and off by the GPIO output of the MCU; has a 4G communication interface circuit, and the communication circuit adopts a plug-in method to flexibly select a communication module, and exchanges data with the MCU through a serial port; also includes a PCF8563 calendar clock module, and the MCU communicates with it through the IIC bus to set or read clock information; and an AT24C1024 storage chip, which has a 128KB storage capacity and is erasable by byte, and the MCU exchanges data with it through the IIC bus to store basic parameters, sensor configuration information, and control strategy configuration parameters.

[0014] The present invention is further configured to complete, in the initialization stage, the serial port 1 as the printing and debugging information interface, the serial port 2 management of the 4G module, the serial port 3 management of the RS485 bus, the initialization of the memory AT24C1024 (reading parameters and assigning values ​​to corresponding variables), the initialization of the calendar clock chip PCF8563 and the initialization of the relay control (for managing the sound and light alarm); after the initialization is completed, the networking process is entered, and it is judged in turn whether the 4G communication mode is connected normally, whether the SIM card is inserted, whether the network access is normal, whether the IP address is obtained, and whether a UDP link is established with the server; after entering the main loop: Print real-time status information (including time, sensor data, alarm information, etc.) regularly; if the reset button is pressed, all alarms will be cleared; when an alarm occurs, it will be divided into three types according to the working mode of the sound and light alarm: alarm until the alarm ends, intermittent alarm, and alarm only once; three time intervals can be set, and when the timing time is up, the flow conditions of the water inlet and outlet are stored, and it is calculated to determine whether it exceeds the threshold to determine whether there is a pipe leak; real-time monitoring of 4G communication status, and reconnect immediately if the network is disconnected; complete the reading and writing of data on the upper computer configuration screen and the reading of data from the temperature and flow sensors through RS485 communication.

[0015] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention arranges data acquisition modules at key positions of the cowshed water supply system to collect parameters such as water flow, water pressure, water temperature and water level in real time, uses a variety of wireless communication technologies with encryption and error correction functions to transmit data, compares with a preset range in the data analysis and processing module, performs trend analysis and data calibration to accurately judge and predict abnormalities, uses multi-mode alarms such as sound and light, text messages, and emails, and supports remote monitoring and parameter settings of multiple terminals. In combination with automatic, manual, and remote operations of the automatic control module, coupled with reasonable and efficient hardware configuration and a stable system operation mechanism, the present invention realizes comprehensive real-time monitoring of the cowshed water supply system, ensures data reliability, timely alarm processing, convenient remote management and the like, solves many problems of traditional aquaculture water supply management, and is of great significance to ensuring the health of dairy cows, improving aquaculture efficiency and the level of intelligence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a circuit diagram of the power supply part of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is the RS485 circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A relay circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a 4G interface circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 The PCF8563 interface circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 AT24C1024 memory circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 MCU circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a front view of the main control board of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is the back view of the main control board of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0027] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0028] A cowshed water supply abnormality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data analysis and processing module, an alarm module and a remote monitoring terminal, and data exchange is performed between the modules through the Internet of Things.

[0029] The data acquisition module is arranged at several key locations of the cowshed water supply system to collect the operating parameters of the water supply system, which at least include water flow, water pressure, water temperature and water level information. The data acquisition module includes:

[0030] The water flow sensor is installed at the water inlet and outlet of the water supply pipe of the cowshed to monitor the water flow in real time. The water flow sensor at the water inlet can monitor the amount of water entering the cowshed in real time, so that the breeders can clearly understand the total amount of water supply. The water flow sensor at the water outlet records the amount of water discharged. By comparing the inlet and outlet water flow data, it can effectively determine whether there is a water leak. When installing, choose a straight pipe section with stable water flow, avoid elbows, valves and other parts that are prone to water flow turbulence, to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0031] Water pressure sensors are installed at different locations in the water supply pipeline. Their main task is to obtain water pressure information in the water supply pipeline. The water pressure sensor installed at the starting end of the pipeline can monitor the pressure at the water supply source and determine whether the water supply pump station is working normally. Sensors installed near the middle nodes of the pipeline and the water use terminal can promptly detect pressure fluctuations caused by pipeline resistance, blockage or changes in water use. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the sensor is tightly connected to the pipeline, and to ensure good sealing and protection to prevent water leakage and external interference.

[0032] The water temperature sensor is installed in the water tank or water supply pipe to measure the water temperature. Water temperature has a great impact on the health and willingness of dairy cows to drink water. The water temperature sensor is installed in the water tank or water supply pipe. The sensor installed in the water tank can monitor the storage water temperature, and the sensor installed in the pipe can measure the water temperature of the cows when drinking in real time. In terms of installation, if it is installed in the water tank, avoid being close to the heating device and the tank wall, and choose a position that can represent the overall water temperature; when installed in the pipe, ensure that the sensor is in full contact with the water.

[0033] The water level sensor is placed in a water tank or sink to monitor the water level. In a water tank, the water level sensor can provide real-time feedback on the water storage capacity of the water tank, providing a basis for the water replenishment control of the water tank to avoid water shortage or overflow of the water tank. In a sink, it can monitor water level changes in time to ensure that cows have sufficient drinking water at all times. When installing, choose a suitable location according to the shape and size of the water tank and sink to ensure that the sensor can accurately measure the water level and is not easily damaged by cows.

[0034] The data transmission module is used to transmit the operating parameters collected by the data acquisition module to the data analysis and processing module.

[0035] The data transmission module adopts wireless communication technology, which includes but is not limited to one or more combinations of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 4G, and 5G, and the data transmission module has data encryption and error correction functions to ensure the security and accuracy of data transmission.

[0036] The environment of the cowshed is complex, with interference sources such as metal fences and equipment, and the signal coverage in different areas is also different. Inside the cowshed, for communication between devices that are close and have high real-time requirements, such as the connection between various sensors in the data acquisition module and the local aggregation node, ZigBee technology can be used first. ZigBee has the characteristics of low power consumption and strong self-organizing network capability. It can stably network in complex environments and realize the rapid aggregation of sensor data. For example, the water flow, water temperature, and water level sensors distributed near different water troughs in the cowshed are connected to the local centralized collector through the ZigBee network to complete the preliminary data collection with low power consumption. For areas that are slightly farther away in the cowshed, such as from the collection node at one end of the cowshed to the control center at the other end, Wi-Fi technology can be used. Wi-Fi has the advantages of high transmission rate and wide coverage, and can meet the needs of rapid transmission of large amounts of data. If the cowshed is large and there are blind spots in signal coverage, multiple Wi-Fi access points can be deployed, and reasonable channel planning and signal strength adjustment can be performed to achieve full coverage in the cowshed.

[0037] Considering that data needs to be transmitted remotely to the data analysis and processing module, 4G / 5G technology is indispensable. If the 4G network coverage in the area where the cowshed is located is stable and the data transmission rate requirement is not extremely high, 4G technology can be mainly used. While meeting the basic data transmission requirements, the 4G network has a relatively low cost. For scenarios with extremely high requirements for real-time performance and transmission rate, such as real-time high-definition video monitoring of the water supply system status or transmission of large amounts of historical data, 5G technology is a better choice. The 5G network has the characteristics of high speed and low latency, which can ensure fast and stable data transmission. In actual applications, 4G or 5G modules can be flexibly selected according to the geographical location of the cowshed and the network signal conditions to achieve reliable connection between the cowshed and the remote data analysis and processing center.

[0038] Bluetooth technology can be used as an auxiliary communication technology in the data transmission module. For example, when debugging or configuring some equipment in the cowshed, the staff can use a mobile device with Bluetooth function (such as a mobile phone, tablet computer) to communicate with the data acquisition terminal at close range, and set the equipment parameters and read temporary data conveniently and quickly. This not only avoids tedious wiring operations, but also improves the efficiency of equipment maintenance and management.

[0039] The data analysis and processing module is used to receive operating parameters and compare and analyze them with the preset normal parameter range to determine whether there is any abnormality in the water supply system.

[0040] The data analysis and processing modules include:

[0041] The data storage unit is used to store the collected operating parameters and the preset normal parameter range. In practical applications, high-reliability storage devices are usually selected, such as large-capacity hard disks or cloud storage. The operating parameters are classified and stored according to the time sequence and parameter type to form a structured data table for quick query and call. The preset normal parameter range is also stored in a specific area as a benchmark for data analysis. At the same time, in order to prevent data loss, a regular backup mechanism is set up to back up data to multiple storage media or the cloud to ensure data security and integrity. In this way, whenever historical data is needed for comparative analysis, accurate information can be quickly obtained.

[0042] The data analysis unit performs real-time analysis on the collected operating parameters. When the operating parameters exceed the preset normal parameter range, it determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system. It continuously receives real-time operating parameters from the data acquisition module and compares these parameters with the preset normal parameter range in the data storage unit. When parameters such as water flow, water pressure, water temperature or water level exceed the normal range, the abnormality determination program will be started immediately. For example, if the water flow rate suddenly drops sharply and is lower than the normal lower limit, the data analysis unit will determine that there may be a problem with the water supply, such as a pipe blockage or a water pump failure. Once it is determined that there is an abnormality, it will record the abnormal information in a timely manner and send a signal to the alarm module to notify relevant personnel to handle it to ensure the stable operation of the water supply system.

[0043] The trend analysis unit performs trend analysis on the operating parameters over a period of time to predict possible abnormal water supply in advance. It extracts historical data from the data storage unit and uses statistical methods and data analysis models to model and predict the changing trends of parameters such as water flow and water pressure. For example, through the analysis of the water flow data over the past week, it was found that the water flow showed a gradual downward trend and was close to the normal lower limit. The trend analysis unit will predict that there may be insufficient water supply in the future and issue a warning in time. In this way, managers can take measures in advance, such as checking pipelines and maintaining equipment, to avoid affecting the normal drinking water and breeding production of dairy cows due to abnormal water supply.

[0044] The alarm module is connected to the data analysis and processing module. When the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the alarm module issues an alarm. The alarm module is connected to the data analysis and processing module through an internal communication interface, and serial communication, SPI communication, etc. can be used to ensure the stability and efficiency of data transmission. In terms of hardware connection, the corresponding pins of the two modules are connected through a data line to realize data interaction. At the software level, a unified data transmission protocol is defined to clarify the format and content of abnormal information. For example, when the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the abnormal information is packaged according to the prescribed protocol, including the abnormality type (abnormal water flow, abnormal water pressure, etc.), occurrence time, abnormal parameter value, etc., and sent to the alarm module through the communication interface. After receiving the data, the alarm module parses the information and triggers the corresponding alarm action according to the abnormal situation.

[0045] The alarm module includes:

[0046] The sound and light alarm is installed at the cowshed site. When the water supply system is abnormal, it will send out sound and light signals. The sound and light alarm is installed in a conspicuous position in the cowshed that is not easily damaged by the cows, such as the wall at the entrance of the cowshed. When the alarm module receives the abnormal signal from the data analysis and processing module, it immediately sends a control instruction to the sound and light alarm. The control circuit inside the sound and light alarm receives the instruction, drives the sound device to emit a loud alarm, and controls the light-emitting device to flash a striking light, such as red or yellow light. In order to adapt to the noisy environment of the cowshed, the volume of the alarm is set between 80-100 decibels to ensure that the breeders can hear it clearly in every corner of the cowshed. The light flashing frequency is set to 2-3 times per second to enhance the visual warning effect. The sound and light alarm also has a manual shutdown function. When the breeders arrive at the site to confirm the abnormality and deal with it, they can turn off the sound and light alarm by operating the button to avoid continuous interference.

[0047] The SMS alarm sends an alarm message to the preset mobile phone number when the water supply system is abnormal. The SMS alarm uses the GSM communication module to implement the SMS sending function. During the system initialization phase, the preset mobile phone number is entered into the system. Multiple numbers can be set to ensure that the information is promptly conveyed to different personnel, such as breeding managers, equipment maintenance personnel, etc. When the alarm module receives the abnormal information, it communicates with the GSM module through the serial port and encodes the abnormal information in the SMS format, including the abnormal type, specific location (such as abnormal water pressure near a water tank in a cowshed), and the time of occurrence. The GSM module sends the SMS according to the set SMS center number. To ensure the successful sending of the SMS, the system sets a resend mechanism. If the first sending fails, it will automatically resend after 30 seconds, and resend up to 3 times. At the same time, the SMS content is concise and clear, which is convenient for the recipient to quickly obtain key information and make decisions.

[0048] The email alarm sends the abnormal information to the designated mailbox in the form of an email. The email alarm uses network communication technology to realize the email sending function. The SMTP server information is pre-configured in the system, including the server address, port number, sender's email account and password. When the alarm module receives the abnormal information, it calls the email sending function to organize the abnormal information into the email body. It can add detailed abnormal descriptions, historical data charts and other attachments to enable the recipient to have a more comprehensive understanding of the abnormal situation. The subject of the email clearly marks "Cattle House Water Supply System Abnormal Alarm", and the recipient fills in the designated email address. During the email sending process, encrypted transmission is used to ensure information security. If the email fails to send, the system records the error message and tries to resend it after 10 minutes until it is sent successfully or the maximum number of resends (such as 5 times) is reached. By viewing the email, the recipient can understand the abnormal situation of the water supply system in detail and arrange for professionals to deal with it in time.

[0049] The remote monitoring terminal is connected to the data analysis and processing module through the Internet of Things and is used to remotely view the operating parameters and abnormal alarm information of the water supply system.

[0050] The remote monitoring terminal is a smart phone, tablet computer or computer. By installing a special monitoring APP or logging in to a specific web platform, it can realize the functions of real-time monitoring of the cowshed water supply system, historical data query, abnormal alarm reception and parameter setting.

[0051] In actual application scenarios, in order to realize remote and convenient control of the cowshed water supply system, the monitoring terminal (smartphone, tablet or computer) establishes a communication connection with the data analysis and processing module with the help of Internet of Things technology. For smartphones and tablets, users can download the specially developed monitoring APP in the application store. When using it for the first time, they need to complete the registration and login according to the prompts, and configure the network parameters connected to the corresponding data analysis and processing module according to the interface guidance. After entering the APP, in the real-time monitoring interface, the operating parameters such as water flow, water pressure, water temperature, and water level are presented in real time in dynamic charts and intuitive digital forms. If the parameters are abnormal, the color changes and flashes to remind; in the historical data query interface, by sliding the time axis or entering the start and end time, you can view the water supply data of different periods in the past. The data is displayed in the form of line charts, bar charts and tables for easy comparison and analysis; when the water supply system is abnormal, the APP will promptly push the alarm information through system notifications, sounds and vibrations, and click to view the detailed abnormal situation; in the parameter setting interface, users can adjust parameters such as normal water pressure range, upper and lower limits of water temperature according to breeding needs. After the setting is completed, click "Save" to send the new parameters to the data analysis and processing module. When using a computer, the user enters the URL of a specific web platform in the browser address bar, logs in to the account and enters the management page. The web platform uses a visual large-screen layout to display the operating status of multiple cowshed water supply systems in real time, and abnormal alarm information scrolls in a prominent position; the historical data query function supports a variety of filtering condition combinations, and the query results can be exported as Excel or PDF files for in-depth analysis; in the parameter setting section, users adjust parameters by checking or entering values, and after submission, the system automatically synchronizes and updates to the water supply system, thereby realizing all-round remote management of the cowshed water supply system.

[0052] The system also includes an automatic control module, which is connected to the data analysis and processing module. When the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the automatic control module automatically adjusts or controls the water pumps, valves and other equipment of the water supply system according to a preset control strategy to restore the normal operation of the water supply system. The automatic control module has manual control and remote control functions. Users can manually intervene in the operation of the water supply system through a remote monitoring terminal, or manually operate related equipment on site.

[0053] In this system, the automatic control module is a key part to ensure the stable operation of the water supply system, and is closely connected to the data analysis and processing module. When the data analysis and processing module determines that the water supply system is abnormal, such as detecting that the water flow is too low, which may be a pipe blockage, or that the water pressure is too high, which may be a local blockage, the automatic control module will start the corresponding operation according to the pre-set control strategy. The control strategy is set in detail according to different abnormal types. For example, if the water level is detected to be too low, the automatic control module will automatically open the water replenishment valve and start the water pump to increase the water supply; if the water temperature is abnormal, the heating or cooling equipment will be controlled to adjust. The automatic control module also has manual control and remote control functions. On site, the staff can directly manually control the opening, closing and adjustment of operating parameters of water pumps, valves and other equipment through the buttons, knobs and other operating interfaces on the control box, such as manually switching the standby pump during equipment maintenance, or manually closing the valve in an emergency. Remotely, users can use remote monitoring terminals, such as monitoring apps on smartphones or web platforms logged on by computers, to find the manual control area on the interface, click the corresponding button or enter instructions to implement remote manual intervention of water supply system equipment, such as remotely closing valves near leaks to reduce water waste. This series of functional designs fully ensures that the water supply system can be quickly and effectively controlled and adjusted in all situations to ensure its stable and normal operation.

[0054] The system hardware consists of:

[0055] The ARM chip GD32F103CBT6 with Cortex-M3 core has 128KB flash, 20KB RAM, and uses 3-way USART serial port circuits, GPIO, timer, and IIC bus resources; in conjunction with RS485 communication, the SP3485 level conversion chip is used to complete the conversion between USART signals and RS485 signals, and realize communication with the host computer configuration screen and sensors; there is one relay output, which drives the strong current with weak current through the transistor 8050, and the relay is controlled by the GPIO output of the MCU; it has a 4G communication interface circuit, and the communication circuit uses a plug-in method to flexibly select the communication module, and interacts with the MCU through the serial port; it also includes a PCF8563 calendar clock module, and the MCU communicates with it through the IIC bus to set or read clock information; and an AT24C1024 memory chip, which has a 128KB storage capacity and is erasable by byte. The MCU interacts with it through the IIC bus to store basic parameters, sensor configuration information, and control strategy configuration parameters.

[0056] When constructing the hardware of the system, the ARM chip GD32F103CBT6 with Cortex-M3 core is selected as the core processing unit. Its 128KB flash and 20KB RAM provide basic guarantee for system operation and data storage. The 3-way USART serial port circuit, GPIO, timer, and IIC bus resources provide hardware support for the coordinated work of various functional modules. In terms of communication, the SP3485 level conversion chip is used in conjunction with RS485 communication to realize the conversion of USART signals and RS485 signals, ensuring stable and efficient data transmission between the host computer configuration screen and the sensor, so that the system can obtain sensor data in real time and feed back the processing results to the host computer. The system sets up 1 relay output, and uses the triode 8050 to realize weak current driving strong current. The MCU of GD32F103CBT6 controls the on and off of the relay through the GPIO output, thereby controlling external devices such as sound and light alarms, and issuing alarms in time when abnormalities occur in the water supply system. The 4G communication interface circuit adopts a plug-in design, which is convenient for flexible selection of communication modules according to actual needs. It interacts with the MCU through the serial port to realize the remote communication function of the system and meet the requirements of remote data transmission and monitoring. The PCF8563 calendar clock module communicates with the MCU through the IIC bus, which is used to set and read clock information, provide an accurate time reference for the system, and facilitate recording key information such as data collection time and abnormal occurrence time. With its 128KB storage capacity and byte-by-byte erasable characteristics, the AT24C1024 memory chip interacts with the MCU through the IIC bus to store basic parameters, sensor configuration information, and control strategy configuration parameters, ensuring that the system can quickly restore configuration after power failure or restart and maintain stable operation.

[0057] In the initialization stage, complete the serial port 1 as the printing debugging information interface, the serial port 2 management of the 4G module, the serial port 3 management of the RS485 bus, the initialization of the memory AT24C1024 (read the parameters and assign them to the corresponding variables), the initialization of the calendar clock chip PCF8563 and the initialization of the relay control (used to manage the sound and light alarm); after the initialization is completed, enter the networking process, and judge in turn whether the 4G communication mode is connected normally, whether the SIM card is inserted, whether the network access is normal, whether the IP address is obtained, and whether a UDP link is established with the server; after entering the main loop: regularly print the real If the reset button is pressed, all alarms will be cleared. When an alarm occurs, the alarm will be divided into three types according to the working mode of the sound and light alarm: alarm until the alarm ends, intermittent alarm, and alarm only once. Three time intervals can be set. When the timing time is up, the flow conditions of the water inlet and outlet are stored, and it is calculated to determine whether it exceeds the threshold to determine whether there is a pipe leak. The 4G communication status is monitored in real time, and it will be reconnected immediately if the network is disconnected. The data reading and writing of the upper computer configuration screen and the data reading of the temperature and flow sensors are completed through RS485 communication.

[0058] When the system starts and enters the initialization phase, first configure serial port 1 and set it as a print debugging information interface to facilitate the output of key information of system operation during development and maintenance, helping technicians to quickly locate and solve problems; then initialize serial port 2 to enable it to manage the 4G module, laying the foundation for the subsequent realization of remote communication functions; at the same time, initialize serial port 3 to enable it to effectively manage the RS485 bus and ensure stable and reliable data communication with the host computer configuration screen and sensors. At this stage, it is also necessary to initialize the memory AT24C1024, read the basic parameters, sensor configuration information and control strategy configuration parameters stored therein, and assign these parameters to the corresponding variables to ensure that the system can run based on the correct configuration; initialize the calendar clock chip PCF8563, set the initial time and enable it to run accurately, so as to provide the system with an accurate timestamp; complete the initialization of the relay control to prepare for the subsequent control of the sound and light alarm.

[0059] After the initialization is completed, the system enters the networking process. During this process, the system will check each key link of 4G communication in turn. First, determine whether the 4G communication mode is connected normally, then check whether the SIM card has been correctly inserted, then confirm whether it has successfully connected to the network, then check whether a valid IP address has been obtained, and finally check whether a UDP link has been successfully established with the server. Only after this series of checks are passed can the system ensure stable remote communication functions.

[0060] When the system enters the main loop, it starts to execute a series of key tasks. The system will regularly print real-time status information at preset time intervals. This information covers time, data collected by each sensor, and current alarm information, etc., so that operators can understand the system operation status in real time. Once the reset button is detected to be pressed, the system will immediately clear all alarm information to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the alarm record. When an alarm occurs, the system will alarm according to the pre-set working mode of the sound and light alarm. The working mode is divided into three types: alarm until the alarm ends, intermittent alarm, and alarm only once, to meet the alarm needs in different scenarios. The system also provides three time interval setting functions. When the timing time reaches the set value, the system will automatically store the flow of the water inlet and outlet, and determine whether it exceeds the threshold value through a specific calculation method, so as to determine whether there is a pipe leak. In addition, the system will monitor the 4G communication status in real time. Once a network disconnection is detected, the reconnection mechanism will be immediately started to ensure the continuity of remote communication. Finally, the system continuously completes the data reading and writing operations on the host computer configuration screen through RS485 communication, so as to feed back the system operation data to the host computer in real time and receive the control instructions of the host computer, and at the same time completes the data reading of the temperature and flow sensors to ensure that the system obtains the latest sensor data and realizes comprehensive and real-time monitoring and management of the cowshed water supply system.

[0061] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions and variations to the embodiments without creative contributions as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A cattle house water supply abnormality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, characterized by: It includes data acquisition module, data transmission module, data analysis and processing module, alarm module and remote monitoring terminal. Data exchange is carried out between modules through the Internet of Things. The data acquisition module is arranged at multiple key positions of the cowshed water supply system to collect operating parameters of the water supply system, and the operating parameters at least include water flow, water pressure, water temperature and water level information; The data transmission module is used to transmit the operating parameters collected by the data collection module to the data analysis and processing module; The data analysis and processing module is used to receive the operating parameters and compare and analyze them with the preset normal parameter range to determine whether there is any abnormality in the water supply system; The alarm module is connected to the data analysis and processing module. When the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the alarm module sends out an alarm; The remote monitoring terminal is connected to the data analysis and processing module through the Internet of Things, and is used to remotely view the operating parameters and abnormal alarm information of the water supply system.

2. According to the Internet of Things-based cattle house water supply abnormality monitoring system of claim 1, it is characterized by: The data acquisition module comprises: Water flow sensors are installed at the water inlet and outlet of the water supply pipes in the cowshed to monitor the water flow in real time; Water pressure sensors are arranged at different positions of the water supply pipeline to obtain the water pressure in the water supply pipeline; Water temperature sensor, installed in the water tank or water supply pipe to measure water temperature; Water level sensor, placed in a water tank or sink, monitors the water level.

3. The abnormal water supply monitoring system for cattle sheds based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data transmission module adopts wireless communication technology, which includes but is not limited to one or more combinations of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 4G, and 5G, and the data transmission module has data encryption and error correction functions to ensure the security and accuracy of data transmission.

4. The abnormal water supply monitoring system for cattle sheds based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data analysis and processing module includes: A data storage unit, used to store the collected operating parameters and the preset normal parameter range; The data analysis unit performs real-time analysis on the collected operating parameters. When the operating parameters exceed the preset normal parameter range, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the water supply system; Trend analysis unit, which performs trend analysis on operating parameters over a period of time to predict possible abnormal water supply conditions in advance; The data calibration unit regularly calibrates the collected operating parameters to ensure the accuracy of the data.

5. The abnormal water supply monitoring system for cattle sheds based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The alarm module comprises: The sound and light alarm is installed at the cowshed site, and it will send out sound and light signals when there is an abnormality in the water supply system; SMS alarm, when the water supply system is abnormal, it will send an alarm SMS to the preset mobile phone number; Email alarm, sends abnormal information to the designated mailbox in the form of email.

6. The abnormal water supply monitoring system for cattle sheds based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The remote monitoring terminal is a smart phone, tablet computer or computer. By installing a special monitoring APP or logging into a specific web platform, it can realize the functions of real-time monitoring of the cowshed water supply system, historical data query, abnormal alarm reception and parameter setting.

7. The abnormal water supply monitoring system for cattle sheds based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes an automatic control module, which is connected to the data analysis and processing module. When the data analysis and processing module determines that there is an abnormality in the water supply system, the automatic control module automatically adjusts or controls the water pumps, valves and other equipment of the water supply system according to a preset control strategy to restore the normal operation of the water supply system; the automatic control module has manual control and remote control functions, and the user can manually intervene in the operation of the water supply system through the remote monitoring terminal, or manually operate related equipment on site.

8. A cattle house water supply abnormality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The system hardware consists of: The ARM chip GD32F103CBT6 with Cortex-M3 core has 128KB flash, 20KB RAM, 3-way USART serial port circuit, GPIO, timer, and IIC bus resources; In conjunction with RS485 communication, the SP3485 level conversion chip is used to complete the conversion of USART signals and RS485 signals, realizing communication with the host computer configuration screen and sensors; There is one relay output, which drives strong current from weak current through transistor 8050, and the relay is controlled on and off by the GPIO output of MCU; Equipped with 4G communication interface circuit, the communication circuit adopts plug-in mode to flexibly select communication modules and exchange data with MCU through serial port; It also includes a PCF8563 calendar clock module, with which the MCU communicates via the IIC bus to set or read clock information; And the AT24C1024 memory chip has a storage capacity of 128KB and is erasable by byte. The MCU interacts with it through the IIC bus to store basic parameters, sensor configuration information and control strategy configuration parameters.

9. The abnormal water supply monitoring system for cattle sheds based on the Internet of Things according to claim 8 is characterized in that: In the initialization stage, complete the serial port 1 as the printing debugging information interface, the serial port 2 management of the 4G module, the serial port 3 management of the RS485 bus, the initialization of the memory AT24C1024 (read the parameters and assign them to the corresponding variables), the initialization of the calendar clock chip PCF8563 and the initialization of the relay control (for managing the sound and light alarm); After initialization is completed, the networking process begins, and the system checks whether the 4G communication mode is connected normally, whether the SIM card is inserted, whether the network access is normal, whether the IP address is obtained, and whether a UDP link is established with the server. After entering the main loop: Regularly print real-time status information (including time, sensor data, alarm information, etc.); If the reset button is pressed, all alarms will be cleared; When an alarm occurs, the alarm is divided into three types according to the working mode of the sound and light alarm: alarm until the alarm ends, intermittent alarm, and alarm only once; Three time intervals can be set. When the timing time is up, the flow conditions of the water inlet and outlet are stored. The flow is calculated to determine whether it exceeds the threshold to determine whether there is a pipe leak. Monitor 4G communication status in real time and reconnect immediately if the network is disconnected; The data reading and writing of the upper computer configuration screen and the data reading of the temperature and flow sensors are completed through RS485 communication.

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