Method and system for judging suitable harvest time of silage corn planting for feed

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and system for discriminating suitable harvest time of silage corn planting for feed, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product harvesting methods. According to the method, silage corn quality evaluation indexes M and M are respectively calculated according to the following formula and formula II: M = Sta * CP * EE / NDF formula I and M = Sta * CP * EE / ADF formula II; wherein Sta is the numerical value of the content of the crude starch in the dimensionless silage corn with the dimension of%; cP is the numerical value of the content of the crude protein in the non-dimensional silage corn with the dimension of%; eE is the numerical value of the content of the crude fat in the dimensionless silage corn with the dimension of%; aDF is the numerical value of the acid detergent fiber content in the dimensionless silage corn with the dimension of%; the NDF is the numerical value of the content of the neutral detergent fibers in the dimensionless silage corn with the dimension of%; and when M is 8.5-13.5 and M'is 16.0-25.0, determining that the silage corn is in a suitable harvesting period. According to the method, the suitable harvesting period of the silage corn can be more accurately known, the crude starch content of the silage corn harvested in the harvesting period reaches 30% or above, and the requirement for the crude starch content of the high-quality silage corn is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product harvesting methods, and in particular relates to a method and system for determining a suitable harvesting period for planting silage corn for feed. Background Art

[0002] Harvesting silage corn in time can obtain higher biological nutritional value, which is an important guarantee for the fermentation quality and storage quality of feed. If harvested too early, it will become sour and leaky after storage, and the feed intake of dairy cows will be reduced. If harvested too late, it is easy to cause the growth of mold, reduce the digestibility of feed, protein, vitamin A and E content. At the same time, the lignification degree of corn is high, and it is difficult to compact in the later storage process, affecting the fermentation process, and it is easy to become "yellow storage". The existing conventional method for distinguishing the harvest period of silage corn is to judge whether it is suitable for harvesting by appearance, that is, to judge by the number of dead leaves and milk line. This judgment method is easily affected by factors such as climatic conditions and silage corn varieties, and it is impossible to scientifically find the best harvest time, so that the nutritional value cannot reach an optimal state. Therefore, this field urgently needs to develop a more accurate and stable method for distinguishing the suitable harvest period for silage corn planting, so as to know the best harvest period so that the harvested corn can reach the best nutritional value. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the optimal harvest period cannot be determined, resulting in the nutritional value not being able to reach high quality, the present invention provides a method and system for determining the appropriate harvest period for planting silage corn for feed.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn for feed, wherein the silage corn quality evaluation indexes M and M' are calculated according to the following formula and formula II, respectively: M = Sta*CP*EE / NDF Formula I M`= Sta*CP*EE / ADF Formula II; Wherein, Sta is the dimensionless value of crude starch content in silage corn with dimension of %; CP is the dimensionless value of crude protein content in silage corn in %. EE is the dimensionless value of crude fat content in silage corn in %. ADF is the dimensionless value of the acid detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. NDF is the dimensionless value of neutral detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. The suitable harvest period is when M value is greater than 8.5 and M` value is greater than 16.0, and when M value is less than 13.5 and M` value is less than 25.0.

[0005] The crude starch content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 20194-2018 Determination of starch content in animal feeds - Polarimetry".

[0006] The crude protein content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 6432-2018 Determination of crude protein in feeds - Kjeldahl method".

[0007] The crude fat content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 6433-2006 Determination of crude fat in feeds"; Preferably, the acid detergent fiber content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "NY / T 1459-2022 Determination of Acid Detergent Fiber in Feeds"; Preferably, the neutral detergent fiber content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 20806-2022 Determination of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) in Feeds".

[0008] A system for determining the appropriate harvest period for planting silage corn for feed, comprising a calculation unit and a result output unit connected in sequence on a data main line; The calculation unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating the silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' is run; the method for calculating the silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' is calculated by the following formula I and formula II respectively: M = Sta*CP*EE / NDF Formula I; M`= Sta*CP*EE / ADF Formula II; Wherein, Sta is the dimensionless value of crude starch content in silage corn with dimension of %; CP is the dimensionless value of crude protein content in silage corn in %. EE is the dimensionless value of crude fat content in silage corn in %. ADF is the dimensionless value of the acid detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. NDF is the dimensionless value of neutral detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. When M is between 8.5 and 13.5 and M' is between 16.0 and 25.0, it is judged to be the appropriate harvest period.

[0009] The result output unit identifies the M value and the M' value input by the calculation unit and monitors the M value>8.5 and the M' value>16.0, and the M value<13.5 and the M' value<25.0 to output the result of the suitable harvest period.

[0010] The system for determining the suitable harvest period for planting silage corn for feed further comprises a data acquisition unit arranged upstream of the calculation unit; The data collection unit is provided with an experimental section and a storage section; the experimental section is provided with a nitrogen meter, a fat meter and a fiber meter; the storage section stores the quality index data of the silage corn for feed; Preferably, the data acquisition unit outputs the quality index data obtained by the experiment of the experimental unit to the storage unit via the data path; Preferably, the storage unit performs dimensionless processing on the quality indicator data and then outputs the result to a downstream calculation unit.

[0011] The quality index data include: crude starch content in silage corn, crude protein content in silage corn, crude fat content in silage corn, acid detergent fiber content in silage corn, and neutral detergent fiber content in silage corn.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a method and system for distinguishing the suitable harvest period of silage corn for feed. In addition to crude starch, the influence of crude protein, crude fat, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber content on the harvest period is comprehensively considered, and the suitable harvest period of silage corn is accurately distinguished by calculating the silage corn quality evaluation indexes M and M'. Compared with the existing distinction method, the method and system can more accurately know the suitable harvest period of silage corn, and make the dry matter and crude starch content of silage corn harvested at the harvest period reach more than 30%, meeting the crude starch content requirement of high-quality silage corn. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and experimental examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, nor is the scope of protection of the present invention limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, all types of reagents and consumables used in the embodiments and experimental examples of the present invention are commercially available, and the relevant experimental steps are common operations in the art, with technical meanings that can be conventionally understood by those skilled in the art.

[0014] Sources of biological materials 1. The silage corn variety used in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention is suitable for being harvested as a silage feed raw material, is a well-known and commonly used corn variety, and is commercially available. The first group of embodiments, the method for determining the suitable harvest period of silage corn for feed of the present invention This group of embodiments provides a method for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn for feed. All embodiments in this group have the following common features: the silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' are calculated according to the following formula and formula II respectively: M = Sta*CP*EE / NDF Formula I M`= Sta*CP*EE / ADF Formula II; Wherein, Sta is the dimensionless value of crude starch content in silage corn with dimension of %; CP is the dimensionless value of crude protein content in silage corn in %. EE is the dimensionless value of crude fat content in silage corn in %. ADF is the dimensionless value of the acid detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. NDF is the dimensionless value of neutral detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. When M is between 8.5 and 13.5, and M' is between 16.0 and 25.0, it is a suitable time for harvesting. There is a time period when crops are suitable for harvesting. When the calculated M is between 8.5 and 13.5, and M' is between 16.0 and 25.0, it is a suitable harvest period for silage corn and can be harvested. With the extension of the growth period, M and M' will gradually increase. When the calculated M is between 8.5 and 13.5, and M' is between 16.0 and 25.0, which is small, it can be harvested immediately, or it can be harvested one or two days later. If the calculated M and M' are close to 13.5 and 25.0, it needs to be harvested immediately.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, an M value>8.5 and an M' value>16.0, and an M value<13.5 and an M' value<25.0 are judged as a suitable harvest period.

[0016] In some embodiments, the crude starch content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 20194-2018 Determination of Starch Content in Animal Feeds - Polarimetry".

[0017] In other embodiments, the crude protein content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 6432-2018 Determination of crude protein in feeds - Kjeldahl method".

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the crude fat content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 6433-2006 Determination of crude fat in feeds"; Preferably, the acid detergent fiber content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "NY / T 1459-2022 Determination of Acid Detergent Fiber in Feeds"; Preferably, the neutral detergent fiber content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 20806-2022 Determination of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) in Feeds". The second embodiment of the present invention is a system for determining the suitable harvest period of silage corn for feed This group of embodiments provides a system for determining the appropriate harvest period for planting silage corn for feed. All embodiments in this group have the following common features: the system for determining the appropriate harvest period for planting silage corn for feed includes a calculation unit and a result output unit connected in sequence on a data main line; The calculation unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating the silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' is run; the method for calculating the silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' is calculated by the following formula I and formula II respectively: M = Sta*CP*EE / NDF Formula I; M`= Sta*CP*EE / ADF Formula II; Wherein, Sta is the dimensionless value of crude starch content in silage corn with dimension of %; CP is the dimensionless value of crude protein content in silage corn in %. EE is the dimensionless value of crude fat content in silage corn in %. ADF is the dimensionless value of the acid detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. NDF is the dimensionless value of neutral detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. When M is between 8.5 and 13.5 and M' is between 16.0 and 25.0, it is judged to be the appropriate harvest period.

[0019] In some embodiments, the result output unit identifies the M value and the M' value input by the calculation unit and monitors M value>8.5 and M' value>16.0, and outputs the result of suitable harvest period when M value<13.5 and M' value<25.0.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the method for determining the appropriate harvest period for planting silage corn for feed further includes a data acquisition unit disposed upstream of the calculation unit; In a specific embodiment, the data acquisition unit is provided with an experimental part and a storage part; the experimental part includes: a nitrogen meter, a fat meter and a fiber meter; the storage part stores the quality index data of the silage corn for feed; Preferably, the data acquisition unit outputs the quality index data obtained by the experiment of the experimental unit to the storage unit via the data path; Preferably, the storage unit performs dimensionless processing on the quality indicator data and then outputs the result to a downstream calculation unit.

[0021] In a more specific embodiment, the quality index data include: crude starch content in silage corn, crude protein content in silage corn, crude fat content in silage corn, acid detergent fiber content in silage corn, and neutral detergent fiber content in silage corn. Experimental Example 1: Comparison of the nutrients in the silage corn harvest period between the method / system for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn planting according to the present invention and the existing harvest period determination method Experiments were conducted in three ecological zones, namely the Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Yellow River supplementary irrigation area in the central arid zone, and the southern dryland rain-fed area. The main varieties of Yinyu 439, Yinyu 6118, and Xianyu 1225 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were used as test varieties, and silage corn varieties in the same planting area in different ecological zones were used as test objects. The method / system for distinguishing the suitable harvest period of silage corn for feed of the present invention and the traditional appearance distinguishing method (appearance judgment: 2 to 3 dead leaves of silage corn or milk line reaches 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 (that is, the milk line reaches 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the height of the entire grain)) were used to judge the harvest period (as shown in Table 1 below). The specific test plan is: within the harvest period judged by the method of the present invention and the traditional method, representative areas were selected respectively, and 10 whole-plant samples of silage corn were taken continuously (3 parallels) to determine the nutrients. The data results of some samples are compared as shown in Table 2 below: Table 1 Comparison of the method of the present invention and the traditional method for determining the harvest period

[0022] Table 2 Analysis of nutrients in silage corn harvested by the present invention and traditional methods

[0023] Crude starch is the main energy provider for silage feed, and its content is the main indicator of whether silage corn is suitable for harvesting. High-quality silage corn requires a crude starch content of no less than 30%. As can be seen from the above table, the crude starch content of the current identification method does not reach 30%, and the harvest is too early. In the later fermentation process, it is easy to form a "bag of water". The identification method of the present invention can achieve a crude starch content that meets the standard of high-quality silage corn.

Claims

1. A method for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn for feed, characterized in that: Calculate the silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' according to the following formula and formula II respectively: M = Sta*CP*EE / NDF Formula I M`= Sta*CP*EE / ADF Formula II; Wherein, Sta is the dimensionless value of crude starch content in silage corn with dimension of %; CP is the dimensionless value of crude protein content in silage corn in %. EE is the dimensionless value of crude fat content in silage corn in %. ADF is the dimensionless value of the acid detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. NDF is the dimensionless value of the neutral detergent fiber content in corn silage in %.

2. The method for determining the suitable harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suitable harvest period is when M value is greater than 8.5 and M` value is greater than 16.0, and when M value is less than 13.5 and M` value is less than 25.

0.

3. The method for determining the suitable harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude starch content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 20194-2018 Determination of starch content in animal feeds - Polarimetry".

4. The method for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude protein content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 6432-2018 Determination of crude protein in feeds - Kjeldahl method".

5. The method for determining the suitable harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude fat content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 6433-2006 Determination of crude fat in feeds"; And / or, the acid detergent fiber content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "NY / T 1459-2022 Determination of Acid Detergent Fiber in Feeds"; And / or, the neutral detergent fiber content in silage corn is measured according to the method specified in "GB / T 20806-2022 Determination of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) in Feeds".

6. A system for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn for feed, characterized in that: It includes a calculation unit and a result output unit connected in sequence on the data main path; The computing unit stores a computer program; when the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating silage corn quality evaluation indexes M and M' is executed; The calculation method of silage corn quality evaluation index M and M' is calculated by the following formula I and formula II respectively: M = Sta*CP*EE / NDF Formula I; M`= Sta*CP*EE / ADF Formula II; Wherein, Sta is the dimensionless value of crude starch content in silage corn with dimension of %; CP is the dimensionless value of crude protein content in silage corn in %. EE is the dimensionless value of crude fat content in silage corn in %. ADF is the dimensionless value of the acid detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. NDF is the dimensionless value of neutral detergent fiber content in corn silage in %. When M is between 8.5 and 13.5 and M' is between 16.0 and 25.0, it is judged to be the appropriate harvest period.

7. A system for determining the suitable harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The result output unit identifies the M value and the M' value input by the calculation unit and monitors the M value>8.5 and the M' value>16.0, and the M value<13.5 and the M' value<25.0 to output the result of the suitable harvest period.

8. A system for determining the suitable harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: Also included is a data acquisition unit disposed upstream of the computing unit.

9. A system for determining the suitable harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The data collection unit is provided with an experimental section and a storage section; the experimental section is provided with a nitrogen meter, a fat meter and a fiber meter; the storage section stores the quality index data of the silage corn for feed; and / or, the data acquisition unit outputs the quality index data obtained by the experiment of the experimental unit to the storage unit via the data path; And / or, the storage unit performs dimensionless processing on the quality indicator data and outputs the result to a downstream calculation unit.

10. A system for determining the appropriate harvest period for silage corn for feed according to claim 9, characterized in that: The quality index data include: crude starch content in silage corn, crude protein content in silage corn, crude fat content in silage corn, acid detergent fiber content in silage corn, and neutral detergent fiber content in silage corn.

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