Hybrid game architecture-based hydrogen energy whole industry chain fusion control method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy system optimization fusion control, and provides a hydrogen energy whole industry chain fusion control method and system based on a hybrid game architecture in order to solve the problem of poor comprehensive economic scheduling of hydrogen energy resources. The hydrogen energy whole industry chain fusion control method based on the hybrid game architecture comprises the steps of constructing a hydrogen production side model, a hydrogen refueling station model and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and constructing a hydrogen production side cooperative game architecture based on carbon quota transaction and a master-slave game optimization framework oriented between a hydrogen refueling station and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle user; the production of each hydrogen production main body in the hydrogen production side model is distributed, and the hydrogen side cost and profit are calculated; in combination with a master-slave game optimization framework oriented between the hydrogen refueling station and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle user, time-sharing hydrogen price information of the hydrogen refueling station and adjustment arrival time of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle are generated, and economic resource scheduling of three different links of'system-adding-use 'of a whole industrial chain of hydrogen energy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy system optimization control, and in particular to a method and system for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As a new type of clean energy, hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high energy density and zero carbon emissions. The application of hydrogen energy runs through the entire industrial chain of hydrogen production, storage, transmission, use and refueling, covering multiple key technical links from renewable energy hydrogen production, water electrolysis, energy storage to fuel cell vehicles. On the hydrogen production side, gray hydrogen is produced from primary energy such as coal. The technology is mature and the cost is low, but there are large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions in the hydrogen production process; blue hydrogen has low carbon emissions and low costs in the hydrogen production process, but the production process of hydrogen is affected by other industrial products and the supply is limited; green hydrogen is produced through renewable energy power generation through electrolyzers, with no carbon emissions, but affected by the cost and volatility of renewable energy power generation, the cost is too high.

[0004] At this stage, the development of the entire hydrogen energy market cannot meet the green, low-carbon and economic development expectations of the hydrogen energy industry. The various hydrogen production entities are independent of each other and have no connectivity, which makes the hydrogen energy industry develop slowly and is not conducive to the comprehensive economic scheduling of hydrogen energy resources. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method and system for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture, which can increase the proportion of green hydrogen in the hydrogen production side, reduce the hydrogen production cost on the hydrogen production side, and improve the economic resource scheduling of the three different links of "production-addition-use" in the entire hydrogen energy industry chain.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, a method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture is provided, including:

[0009] Construct hydrogen production side model, hydrogen refueling station model and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then construct the hydrogen production side cooperative game framework based on carbon quota trading and the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users;

[0010] Based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles summarized by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading, the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production side model is allocated and the hydrogen side cost and profit are calculated; based on the hydrogen side cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjustment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle arrival time are generated;

[0011] Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0012] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper hydrogen refueling stations and the lower hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its revenue includes the revenue of the hydrogen refueling stations and the revenue of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0013] As an implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen production side model is:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen demand; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF Represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0016] As an implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is:

[0017]

[0018] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy unit price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

[0019] As an implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogen refueling cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV The cost of hydrogenation.

[0022] As an implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen refueling cost function C of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle HFCV,i It is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing, expressed as:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

[0025] The second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control system based on a hybrid game architecture.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, a hydrogen energy full industry chain fusion control system based on a hybrid game architecture includes:

[0027] The model building module is used to build the hydrogen production side model, hydrogen refueling station model and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then build a cooperative game framework for the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users;

[0028] The collaborative optimization module is used to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production model and calculate the hydrogen cost and profit based on the hourly hydrogen demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the cooperative game framework of hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading; based on the hydrogen cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, generate the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjusted arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles;

[0029] Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0030] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper hydrogen refueling stations and the lower hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its revenue includes the revenue of the hydrogen refueling stations and the revenue of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0031] As an implementation of the second aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen production side model is:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen demand; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF Represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0034] As an implementation of the second aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is:

[0035]

[0036] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy unit price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

[0037] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0038] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture.

[0039] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device.

[0040] An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps in the method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture as described above are implemented.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) In the hydrogen production side of the present invention, coal-based hydrogen, industrial by-product hydrogen and photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen are used to set hourly hydrogen production plans according to the hourly hydrogen energy demand reported by the hydrogen refueling station and their respective hydrogen production limits. At the same time, carbon quota trading is carried out between different types of entities, thereby avoiding carbon penalties while meeting the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station and reducing the cost of the upstream hydrogen production side.

[0043] (2) The present invention regards the pricing process of hydrogen refueling stations as the upper-level leader and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users who adjust their arrival time according to pricing as the lower-level followers. The Stackelberg equilibrium is finally achieved through the master-slave game process, and a distributed dominance sorting genetic algorithm with an elite retention strategy is used to solve the collaborative optimization scheduling problem between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0044] (3) The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention reports the hydrogen demand to the hydrogen refueling station, and the hydrogen refueling station summarizes the hourly hydrogen demand and reports it to the hydrogen production side. The hydrogen production side forms a hydrogen production alliance and reasonably arranges the production of three hydrogen production methods and calculates the hydrogen production cost; the hydrogen production side reports the price information to the hydrogen refueling station based on the cost and profit, and the hydrogen refueling station reports the time-sharing hydrogen energy price to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle receives the time-sharing hydrogen price information to adjust the arrival time. Through the process of repeated collaborative optimization, the economical and efficient operation of the entire system is achieved, the proportion of green hydrogen is increased, and the overall carbon emissions are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0046] Figure 1 It is a three-layer architecture of "production-use-addition" based on the whole hydrogen energy industry chain in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2It is a three-layer game framework of an embodiment of the present invention to analyze the hydrogenation process of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles;

[0048] Figure 3 This is the solution process of the collaborative optimization method of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is the output of three hydrogen production methods on the hydrogen production side under different alliance forms;

[0050] Figure 5 It is the proportion of different hydrogen production methods in the hydrogen production side under different alliance forms;

[0051] Figure 6 is the hydrogen production cost under different alliance forms of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is the optimization iterative process of the hydrogen refueling station and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0054] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0055] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0056] Figure 1 The three-layer structure of the hydrogen energy industry chain of the present invention is given as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the hydrogen production side consists of three hydrogen production methods: coal-based hydrogen, industrial byproduct hydrogen, and photovoltaic + water electrolysis hydrogen, corresponding to gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and green hydrogen respectively. The three hydrogen production methods exchange carbon quota information with each other, establish a hydrogen production alliance based on the framework of cooperative game, calculate the hourly hydrogen production cost, and add a price to the hydrogen production cost to obtain a profit as the final ex-factory price; the hydrogen refueling station receives the price information of the upstream hydrogen production side, and sells hydrogen energy to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at a price added on the basis of the ex-factory price; after receiving the time-sharing hydrogen energy price, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle readjusts the arrival time according to the pre-determined hydrogen refueling time and the willingness to refuel on time.

[0057] Combination Figure 1The integrated control method of the hydrogen energy industry chain based on the hybrid game architecture in this embodiment may include:

[0058] Step 1: Construct a hydrogen production model, a hydrogen refueling station model, and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then construct a hydrogen production cooperative game framework based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users.

[0059] After receiving the hydrogen demand from the hydrogen refueling station, the hydrogen production side allows green hydrogen to be produced first. Green hydrogen is affected by the hourly output power of renewable energy power generation equipment, so the production of green hydrogen needs to meet the upper limit constraints of photovoltaics and electrolyzers, as shown in formula (1).

[0060]

[0061] in, Indicates the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; It represents the upper limit of green hydrogen production at time t. When the green hydrogen production cannot meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station, it is supplemented by industrial by-product hydrogen. Blue hydrogen is a by-product of other industrial production and is subject to the constraints shown in formula (2).

[0062]

[0063] in, It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; represents the upper limit constraint of blue hydrogen production at time t. The difference in the final hydrogen demand is supplemented by grey hydrogen. Therefore, under the above hydrogen production concept, the three hydrogen production methods need to meet the hourly hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station, that is, the equality constraint shown in formula (3).

[0064]

[0065] in, represents the hourly hydrogen demand of the hydrogen refueling station at time t; It indicates the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t.

[0066] The hydrogen production side arranges three hydrogen production methods based on the hydrogen energy demand reported by the hydrogen refueling station. The optimization goal is to minimize the hydrogen production cost, which can be expressed as:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen demand. CHF Represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0069]

[0070] Among them, Q quota and They represent the carbon quota allocated on the hydrogen production side and the actual carbon dioxide emissions on the hydrogen production side respectively; and λ Un They represent the unit penalty for exceeding the carbon quota and the unit penalty for load imbalance, respectively. Therefore, the hourly unit hydrogen production cost on the hydrogen production side is shown in formula (7), which includes the cost of converting the carbon penalty and load imbalance penalty into unit hydrogen energy in addition to the hydrogen production cost of the three hydrogen production methods.

[0071]

[0072] In order to evaluate the level of green hydrogen participation in hydrogen production, based on the objective function calculation results of formula (7), formula (8) further calculated the proportion of green hydrogen in hydrogen production.

[0073]

[0074] Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0075] The proportion of green hydrogen on the hydrogen production side is used to measure the proportion of green hydrogen in the entire hydrogen energy production on the hydrogen production side, so as to guide green hydrogen to participate in hydrogen energy production on the hydrogen production side.

[0076] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper hydrogen refueling stations and the lower hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its revenue includes the revenue of the hydrogen refueling stations and the revenue of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0077] Based on the hydrogen energy ex-factory price on the hydrogen production side, the hydrogen refueling station sets a dynamic electricity price to sell hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to earn profits. The optimization goal is to maximize profits, which is expressed as:

[0078]

[0079] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy unit price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t, including the hourly unit hydrogen production cost and unit profit on the hydrogen production side, which can be expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] in, Indicates the hourly hydrogen production cost on the hydrogen production side; Represents the unit profit on the hydrogen production side.

[0082] In order to avoid excessive price increases by hydrogen stations to earn profits, the pricing of hydrogen stations needs to meet the following constraints:

[0083]

[0084] in, Indicates the upper limit of profit for hydrogen refueling stations.

[0085] In order to guide hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to refuel at hydrogen refueling stations and ensure that hydrogen refueling stations do not lose users while making profits, hydrogen refueling stations hope to maximize the satisfaction of hydrogen fuel cell users, which can be expressed as:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, S HFCV,i is the satisfaction of fuel cell vehicle user i, and the calculation formula of satisfaction is shown as follows.

[0088] Formula (12) is used to measure the satisfaction of users based on their own adjusted arrival time at a given time-of-use electricity price at a hydrogen refueling station.

[0089] Based on the hydrogen price given by the hydrogen refueling station, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle adjusts the arrival time according to its own will, and the optimization goal is to minimize the hydrogen refueling cost, which is expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogenation cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which is defined as a quadratic function related to the pricing of the hydrogenation station, expressed as:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

[0094] In the present invention, the fuel cell vehicle reports its hydrogen demand and arrival time and also reports its willingness to refuel on time. There are three levels L = {L 1,L 2 ,L 3}, L 1 Express strong willingness to refuel on time, L 2 Indicates moderate willingness to refuel on time, L 3 Indicates weak willingness to refuel on time. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can adjust their arrival time according to the quotation of hydrogen refueling stations, and the adjustment range is t'={t-2,t-1,t,t+1,t+2}. When hydrogen fuel cell vehicles adjust their arrival time, the user satisfaction of fuel cell vehicle users will be generated based on the willingness to refuel on time, which can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] The user satisfaction value of the fuel cell vehicle users here is variable, which is related to the strong desire of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users to refuel on time and the arrival time. Those skilled in the art can set it specifically according to actual conditions, which will not be described in detail here.

[0097] Figure 2 A three-layer game framework is designed to analyze the hydrogenation process of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The alliance form of hydrogen production plants on the hydrogen production side is modeled as a cooperative game model to maximize the interests of the overall alliance, and the vertical transaction between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is formulated as a Stackelberg game, in which hydrogen refueling stations are the leaders of the upper-level quotations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users are followers.

[0098] The cooperative game framework of hydrogen production considering carbon quota trading:

[0099] On the hydrogen production side, gray hydrogen is produced from primary energy sources such as coal. The technology is mature and the cost is low, but there are large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions in the hydrogen production process; blue hydrogen has low carbon emissions and low costs in the hydrogen production process, but the hydrogen production process is affected by other industrial products and the supply is limited; green hydrogen is produced through electrolyzers using renewable energy generation, with no carbon emissions, but is affected by the cost and volatility of renewable energy generation, and the cost is too high. The above three hydrogen production methods all have obvious advantages and disadvantages, and the hydrogen demand of hydrogen refueling stations cannot be met by a single method. Compared with a single hydrogen production method that independently meets the hydrogen energy demand of a hydrogen refueling station, the coordinated planning and operation of multiple hydrogen production methods can improve the overall environmental protection of the hydrogen production side and avoid insufficient hydrogen demand at a reasonable cost.

[0100] Take the carbon market adopting the producer responsibility system, where the hydrogen production plant obtains the initial carbon quota through the free quota allocated by the government, and the benchmark method is used to calculate the carbon quota of the hydrogen production plant as an example:

[0101] Using carbon quota trading as a medium, a hydrogen production alliance is established through carbon quota trading, and the entire hydrogen production side benefit is maximized through cooperative game and the benefit distribution is achieved through Shapley value. The cooperative game problem on the hydrogen production side is solved by Yalmip calling the Ipopt solver. The above game model contains three elements: participants, strategies and benefits, which are specifically expressed as:

[0102] (1) Participants: Grey hydrogen, blue hydrogen and green hydrogen are the three participants in this game. The set of participants is represented by: N = {GYH, BH, GNH};

[0103] (2) Strategy: The strategies of the three hydrogen production methods are the hourly hydrogen production volume of 24 hours and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities, which can be expressed in the form of a vector as follows: H = {H GYH ,H BH ,H GNH ,Q GYH,BH ,Q GYH,GNH ,Q BH,GNH};

[0104] (3) Benefit: The overall benefit of the cooperative game is the total cost of hydrogen production by the three hydrogen production methods to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station, which is calculated by formula (4).

[0105] In the present invention, the three hydrogen production entities on the hydrogen production side are formed into an alliance, and carbon quota trading is carried out within the alliance to reallocate carbon quota resources and distribute benefits, form a cooperative game, and realize benefit distribution according to the Shapley value.

[0106] The basic conditions for the existence of cooperative games are:

[0107] (1) Group rationality condition: that is, for the alliance, the overall profit of the alliance after cooperation is greater than the sum of the profits of each member when operating alone.

[0108] (2) Individual rationality condition: that is, for the alliance, each member can obtain benefits that are no less than what they would obtain if they did not join the alliance.

[0109] The master-slave game framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles:

[0110] The arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is adjusted based on the quotation of hydrogen refueling stations, and the adjusted hydrogen refueling time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will react to the production arrangement on the hydrogen production side, thereby affecting the pricing of hydrogen refueling stations. This hydrogen energy trading process conforms to the dynamic game situation of the master-slave hierarchical architecture. Therefore, the hydrogen refueling station is taken as the leader and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle as the follower to establish a master-slave Stackelberg game model. The three elements of participants, strategies and benefits of this model are expressed as follows:

[0111] (1) Participants: The hydrogen production side, hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle are the three participants in this game. The participant set is represented by: N = {HF, HRS, HFCV};

[0112] (2) Strategy: The strategy of the upper hydrogen refueling station is 24-hour hourly pricing, which can be expressed in the form of a vector: The strategy of the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is the adjusted arrival time of each vehicle, expressed as t' in the form of a vector;

[0113] (3) Benefits: The benefits of the upper-level hydrogen refueling station are calculated using equations (9) and (12), and the benefits of the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicle are calculated using equation (13).

[0114] When the follower makes the best response according to the strategy of the upper leader and the leader also accepts this response, the master-slave game reaches the Stackelberg equilibrium. If it is the equilibrium solution of the master-slave game, it should satisfy equation (16):

[0115]

[0116] In the Stackelberg equilibrium solution, no participant can gain greater benefits by unilaterally changing their strategy. Before solving the Stackelberg equilibrium solution, it is necessary to prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution. When the master-slave game meets the following conditions, there is a unique Stackelberg equilibrium:

[0117] According to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle refueling model, the strategy of the upper leader needs to satisfy equation (11), the strategy set is non-empty and compactly convex, and the strategy of the lower follower is a pure strategy set of discrete variables, and there is a unique optimal solution;

[0118] When the leader's strategy is given, firstly, the objective function (13) of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is calculated. The first-order derivative of , we get:

[0119]

[0120] Setting the first-order derivative equal to zero gives:

[0121]

[0122] Taking the second-order derivative of equation (17) we can get:

[0123]

[0124] Since the cost coefficient is positive, the second-order derivative here is always greater than zero, so there is a minimum point in equation (13). However, due to the constraints of the upper and lower limits of the strategy interval, when the energy price changes, the extreme point may fall on the boundary of the interval, so the value of the optimal strategy on the energy supply side can be expressed as:

[0125]

[0126] Therefore, regardless of the value, when the selling price of the hydrogen refueling station is given, there is a unique optimal solution for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0127] When the follower's strategy is given, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle reports a new hydrogenation plan, and the hydrogen production side rearranges production according to the new hydrogenation plan. After the hydrogen production side is solved by Ipopt, there is a unique optimal solution. The master-slave game model proposed in the present invention has a unique Stackelberg equilibrium.

[0128] Step 2: Based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles summarized by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading, the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production side model is allocated and the hydrogen side cost and profit are calculated; based on the hydrogen side cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjusted arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are generated.

[0129] Specifically, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles report hydrogen demand to hydrogen refueling stations, which report hourly hydrogen demand to hydrogen production side. The hydrogen production side forms a hydrogen production alliance and reasonably arranges the production of three hydrogen production methods and calculates the cost of hydrogen production. The hydrogen production side reports price information to hydrogen refueling stations based on cost and profit. The hydrogen refueling stations report the time-sharing hydrogen energy price to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which receive the time-sharing hydrogen price information to adjust the arrival time. Through repeated collaborative optimization, the entire system can be operated economically and efficiently, the proportion of green hydrogen can be increased, and overall carbon emissions can be reduced.

[0130] Figure 3 The solution process of the collaborative optimization method is given. The three links of hydrogen production, hydrogen use and hydrogenation in the hydrogen energy industry chain are collaboratively optimized in the same solution process, and convergence is finally achieved after repeated iterations.

[0131] Figure 4 The output of three hydrogen production methods on the hydrogen production side under different alliance forms is given. From the data in the figure, it can be seen that when the three hydrogen production entities of gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen and green hydrogen jointly establish a hydrogen production alliance, hydrogen production can achieve the highest proportion of green hydrogen in the hydrogen energy market while meeting the hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen refueling stations.

[0132] Figure 5The proportion of different hydrogen production methods in hydrogen production under different alliance forms is given. Experiment 7 can maximize the proportion of green hydrogen while ensuring that hydrogen energy demand is met.

[0133] Figure 6 The corresponding hydrogen production costs under different alliance forms are given. The unit hydrogen production costs of Exp1 and Exp3-Exp6 in the entire period of a typical day are higher than that of Exp7. The hydrogen production cost of Exp2 from 9:00 to 15:00 is lower than that of Exp6, but the overall hydrogen production cost of Exp2 on a typical day is still higher than that of Exp7.

[0134] Figure 7 The optimization iterative process of hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is given, and the result converges at the 150th iteration. Figure 7 It can be seen that as the number of iterations increases, the profit of hydrogen refueling stations continues to increase, and the hydrogen refueling cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles continues to decrease, reflecting the game process between the two. When the Stackelberg equilibrium is reached, the strategy no longer changes, indicating that under this strategy, no participant can gain more benefits by changing the strategy independently.

[0135] The present invention conducts collaborative optimization of multiple links in the hydrogen energy industry chain, including hydrogen production, hydrogen use and hydrogen refueling, explores potential horizontal cooperative relationships on the hydrogen production side, and vertical master-slave relationships between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and guides green hydrogen to participate in the hydrogen energy market and reduce carbon emissions on the hydrogen production side while improving the overall economic efficiency of the hydrogen energy industry chain.

[0136] In one or more embodiments, a hydrogen energy full industry chain fusion control system based on a hybrid game architecture is also provided, which may include:

[0137] The model building module is used to build the hydrogen production side model, hydrogen refueling station model and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then build a cooperative game framework for the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users;

[0138] The collaborative optimization module is used to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production model and calculate the hydrogen cost and profit based on the hourly hydrogen demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the cooperative game framework of hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading; based on the hydrogen cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, generate the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjusted arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles;

[0139] Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0140] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper hydrogen refueling stations and the lower hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its revenue includes the revenue of the hydrogen refueling stations and the revenue of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0141] Specifically, the expression of the hydrogen production side model is:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen demand; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF Represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0144] The expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is:

[0145]

[0146] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy unit price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

[0147] The expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is:

[0148]

[0149] Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogen refueling cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV The cost of hydrogenation.

[0150] The hydrogen refueling cost function C of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle HFCV,iIt is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing, expressed as:

[0151]

[0152] Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

[0153] It should be noted here that each module in the hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control system of the hybrid game architecture corresponds one by one to each step in the above-mentioned hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control method based on the hybrid game architecture, and the specific implementation process is the same, which will not be repeated here.

[0154] In other embodiments, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps in the method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture as described above are implemented.

[0155] In particular, according to an embodiment of the present application, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, an embodiment of the present application includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program includes a program code for executing the above method. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network through a communication part, and / or installed from a removable medium. When the computer program is executed by the central processing unit 401, various functions defined in the device of the present application are executed.

[0156] The computer program instructions corresponding to the above method may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device, which is implemented in the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0157] A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. The storage medium can be a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0158] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture, characterized in that: include: Construct hydrogen production side model, hydrogen refueling station model and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then construct the hydrogen production side cooperative game framework based on carbon quota trading and the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users; Based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles summarized by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading, the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production side model is allocated and the hydrogen side cost and profit are calculated; based on the hydrogen side cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjustment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle arrival time are generated; Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station. The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper hydrogen refueling stations and the lower hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its revenue includes the revenue of the hydrogen refueling stations and the revenue of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

2. The method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen production side model is: Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen demand; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF Represents the cost of hydrogen production.

3. The method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is: in, is the hourly hydrogen energy unit price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

4. The method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is: Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogen refueling cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV The cost of hydrogenation.

5. The method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The hydrogen refueling cost function C of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle HFCV,i It is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing, expressed as: Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

6. A hydrogen energy industry chain integrated control system based on a hybrid game architecture, characterized in that: include: The model building module is used to build the hydrogen production side model, hydrogen refueling station model and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then build a cooperative game framework for the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users; The collaborative optimization module is used to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production model and calculate the hydrogen cost and profit based on the hourly hydrogen demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the cooperative game framework of hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading; based on the hydrogen cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, generate the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjusted arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station. The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper hydrogen refueling stations and the lower hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its revenue includes the revenue of the hydrogen refueling stations and the revenue of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

7. The hydrogen energy full industry chain fusion control system based on hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen production side model is: Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen demand; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF Represents the cost of hydrogen production.

8. The hydrogen energy full industry chain fusion control system based on hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is: in, is the hourly hydrogen energy unit price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; It represents the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; It represents the hourly production of grey hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps in the hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control method based on a hybrid game architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control method based on a hybrid game architecture as described in any one of claims 1-5 are implemented.

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