Method and system for analyzing influence of urban space planning on heat island effect

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of urban space planning, and particularly relates to a method and system for analyzing the influence of urban space planning on a heat island effect, and the method comprises the steps: selecting a referenced city according with the urban space planning reference according to the influence condition of the heat island effect; acquiring a city to be spatially planned; the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned are analyzed, first analysis data are obtained, and the first analysis data are used for reflecting the influence condition of the landform features of the city to be spatially planned; under the condition that the first analysis data is obtained, analyzing the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain second analysis data; and obtaining influence data according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data. According to the method for analyzing the influence of urban space planning on the heat island effect, the urban area needing to be optimized emphatically can be determined through multi-index evaluation, other cities needing to be optimized can be met and adapted, and the living environment and life quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of urban space planning, and in particular, relates to a method and system for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on urban heat island effect. Background Art

[0002] The analysis of the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect is to explore how to alleviate the local high temperature phenomenon in cities through scientific planning by studying the interaction between planning elements such as urban layout, land use, building form, and greening system and the heat island effect.

[0003] In related technologies, the analysis of the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect mostly uses a single indicator (such as parameters within the city and / or the current land use status, etc.) to evaluate the heat island effect. It is difficult to clearly identify the areas that need to be optimized in the planned city, and the effects of the optimized areas are not ideal. It is also difficult to adapt to and satisfy other cities that need to be optimized. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a method and system for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, which can solve the problem of unsatisfactory results caused by using a single indicator to evaluate the heat island effect, and the problem of being difficult to adapt to and meet the needs of other cities that need to be optimized.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the urban heat island effect, comprising: According to the impact of the heat island effect, select cities that are suitable for urban spatial planning reference; Obtain cities to be spatially planned; Analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data; wherein the first analysis data is used to reflect the influence of the geomorphic characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; When the first analysis data is obtained, the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned are analyzed to obtain second analysis data; wherein the second analysis data is used to reflect the impact of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned; The impact data is obtained according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data; wherein the impact data is used to reflect the impact value of the city to be spatially planned on the heat island effect after being improved according to the referenced city.

[0006] The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect provided in this application selects a reference city that meets the reference of urban spatial planning according to the impact of the heat island effect, and determines the reference city by the impact of the heat island effect, so that the city to be spatially planned can be more targeted and scientific when selecting the reference city. Obtain the city to be spatially planned, analyze the reference city and the city to be spatially planned, and obtain the first analysis data. When the first analysis data is obtained, analyze the reference city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain the second analysis data, and then obtain the impact data based on the first analysis data and the second analysis data. Not only the geomorphic characteristics of the city, such as topography and hydrological conditions, are considered, but also the specific impact of factors such as building layout, green space coverage and transportation system on the heat island effect can be analyzed to obtain detailed impact data. Through the comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators, a scientific basis is provided for urban spatial planning, which is helpful to formulate a more reasonable and effective urban planning strategy. It can clarify the areas that need to be optimized in the city to be planned, so as to improve the effect presented by the optimized area. At the same time, it can meet and adapt to other cities that need to be optimized, and improve the living environment and quality of life of residents.

[0007] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a system for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, including: A selection unit is used to select reference cities that meet the urban spatial planning requirements according to the impact of the heat island effect; An acquisition unit, used for acquiring a city to be spatially planned; A first analysis unit is used to analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data; wherein the first analysis data is used to reflect the influence of the geomorphic characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; A second analysis unit is used to analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain second analysis data when the first analysis data is obtained; wherein the second analysis data is used to reflect the impact of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned; A result unit is used to obtain impact data according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data; wherein the impact data is used to reflect the impact value of the city to be spatially planned on the heat island effect after being improved according to the referenced city.

[0008] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements a method as described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product runs on a device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect, the device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect performs the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0010] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fourth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0012] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of step S100 in the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of step S300 in the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of step S330 in the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of step S400 in the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a system for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on heat island effect provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures, technologies, etc. are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0014] It should be understood that when used in the present specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0015] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0016] As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the term "if" can be interpreted as "when" or "uponce" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" can be interpreted as meaning "uponce it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "uponce [described condition or event] is detected" or "in response to detecting [described condition or event]", depending on the context.

[0017] In addition, in the description of the present application specification and the appended claims, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0018] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. described in the specification of this application mean that one or more embodiments of the present application include specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment. Therefore, the statements "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in some other embodiments", "in some other embodiments", etc. that appear in different places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways.

[0019] In related technologies, the analysis of the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect mostly uses a single indicator (such as parameters within the city and / or the current land use status, etc.) to evaluate the heat island effect. It is difficult to clearly identify the areas that need to be optimized in the planned city, and the results of the optimized areas are not ideal. It is also difficult to adapt to and meet the needs of other cities that need to be optimized.

[0020] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a method and system for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect. In this method, according to the impact of the heat island effect, a reference city that meets the urban spatial planning reference is selected, and the reference city is determined by the impact of the heat island effect, so that the city to be spatially planned can be more targeted and scientific when selecting the reference city. Obtain the city to be spatially planned, analyze the city to be referenced and the city to be spatially planned to obtain the first analysis data, and when the first analysis data is obtained, analyze the city to be referenced and the city to be spatially planned to obtain the second analysis data, and then obtain the impact data based on the first analysis data and the second analysis data. Not only the geomorphological characteristics of the city, such as topography and hydrological conditions, but also the specific impact of factors such as building layout, green space coverage and transportation system on the urban heat island effect are considered, and detailed impact data can be obtained. Through the comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators, a scientific basis is provided for urban spatial planning, which is helpful to formulate more reasonable and effective urban planning strategies, and the areas that need to be optimized in the city to be planned can be clarified to improve the effect of the optimized area. At the same time, it can meet and adapt to other cities that need to be optimized and improve the living environment and quality of life of residents.

[0021] The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a device for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect. In this case, the device for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect is the executor of the method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect provided in the embodiment of the present application. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any restriction on the specific type of the device for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect.

[0022] For example, the devices for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect are laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), netbooks, desktop computers, smart large screens, and computers.

[0023] In order to better understand the method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect provided in the embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation process of the method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect provided in the embodiment of the present application is exemplarily introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1A schematic flow chart of a method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. The method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect includes: S100, based on the impact of the heat island effect, select cities that are in line with urban spatial planning reference.

[0025] It can be understood that the impact of the urban heat island effect can be understood as the impact value of the urban heat island effect on the city.

[0026] For example, the selection of reference cities that meet the urban spatial planning reference can be based on historical data and field research results, and cities with less heat island effect can be selected as reference cities. Cities usually have a more reasonable urban layout, efficient green space system and building planning, which helps to alleviate the heat island effect. Through the planning characteristics of these cities, it can provide useful reference and reference for cities to be spatially planned.

[0027] In one possible implementation, see Figure 2 , S100, based on the impact of the heat island effect, select reference cities that meet the urban spatial planning reference, including: S110, obtaining heat island effect values ​​of all cities; wherein the higher the heat island effect value, the higher the temperature of the city.

[0028] It can be understood that the heat island effect values ​​of all cities can be obtained through satellite remote sensing data, meteorological observation data or urban environmental monitoring data; the heat island effect value is usually used to quantify the intensity of the urban heat island phenomenon, and its calculation can be determined based on the temperature difference between the city and the surrounding rural areas or natural areas.

[0029] S120, sorting the cities in sequence according to the sorting condition to obtain the city arrangement order of all cities from A to Z; wherein A is the smallest heat island effect value, Z is the largest heat island effect value, and the city arrangement order is the order of all cities obtained according to the sorting condition.

[0030] It can be understood that the sorting condition can be understood as sorting the cities corresponding to the smallest heat island effect value to the cities corresponding to the largest heat island effect value.

[0031] Exemplarily, five reference cities are obtained, namely the first city, the second city, the third city, the fourth city and the fifth city. The heat island effect values ​​corresponding to the first city, the second city, the third city, the fourth city and the fifth city are 3, 1, 8, 5 and 7 respectively. Then, the cities are sorted according to the sorting conditions to obtain the following order: the second city, the first city, the fourth city, the fifth city and the third city are sorted according to the step S120 in which A is the smallest heat island effect value and Z is the largest heat island effect value. The order is A for the second city, B for the first city, C for the fourth city, D for the fifth city and E for the third city.

[0032] S130, acquiring cities based on the city arrangement order to obtain a plurality of city priority data; wherein the city priority data is used to indicate cities to be selected for reference with priority.

[0033] It can be understood that the cities that are preferred for reference can be understood as the cities whose heat island effect values ​​are as low as possible, and the lower the heat island effect value, the higher the priority for reference. Multiple cities can be selected according to actual needs, and the reference cities can be selected for reference from 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 or 20, etc., but are not limited to this.

[0034] S140, obtaining referenced cities according to the cities that are preferred for reference indicated by the plurality of city priority data.

[0035] For example, if there are 4 cities to choose from, namely A, B, C and D, the heat island effect value of A is 3, B and C are 5, and the heat island effect value of D is 7, so A is the preferred city for reference; if there are 3 cities to choose from, namely A, B and C, the heat island effect value of A is 5, B and C are 3, so B and C are the preferred cities for reference, because the heat island effect values ​​of B and C are both 3, then compare B and C to see which city's terrain features are most similar to the city to be spatially planned. Among them, the terrain features can be, for example, plains, the same high altitude or coastal features.

[0036] In this way, by selecting cities with low heat island effect values ​​as reference cities, we can learn methods in urban layout, greening design, architectural planning, etc., and apply these experiences to our own urban spatial planning, effectively reducing the heat island effect, improving the city's ecological environment quality and the quality of life of residents, and ultimately improving the overall quality and scientific nature of urban spatial planning, promoting exchanges and cooperation between cities in heat island effect control and urban spatial planning, and at the same time encouraging other cities to take active measures to improve their own heat island effect conditions and promote urban sustainable development.

[0037] S200, obtaining a city to be spatially planned.

[0038] For example, by comparing the heat island effect values, cities with relatively large heat island effect values ​​are selected as cities to be planned spatially. A relatively large heat island effect value can be understood as a city with the largest heat island effect value among a certain number of cities (5 cities, 10 cities or 15 cities) being determined as a city to be planned spatially.

[0039] S300, analyzing the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data; wherein the first analysis data is used to reflect the influence of the landform characteristics of the city to be spatially planned.

[0040] It can be understood that the first analysis data will be obtained by comparing the geomorphic features of the reference city with the geomorphic features of the city to be spatially planned; among them, the geomorphic features may include natural factors such as topography, hydrology, and vegetation coverage. These factors directly affect the microclimate of the city, thereby having a significant impact on the heat island effect. For example, flat terrain may be more likely to form a heat island effect because air flow is restricted and heat is difficult to dissipate; while complex terrain, such as mountains or hills, may reduce the heat island effect by providing more natural ventilation and shading. Hydrological conditions, such as rivers, lakes, and wetlands, can consume a lot of heat through evaporation, helping to reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment. Vegetation coverage, especially large areas of green space and trees, can provide shading and transpiration, further reducing heat accumulation.

[0041] In one possible implementation, see Figure 3 , S300, analyzing the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data, including: S310, performing a first geomorphic parameter system analysis on the city to be spatially planned to obtain first system data; wherein the first system data is used to reflect the topographic characteristics of the city to be spatially planned, Exemplarily, the first geomorphic parameter system analysis may include performing a digital elevation model (DEM) analysis on the terrain of the city to be spatially planned to obtain terrain parameters such as the city's altitude, slope, and slope aspect.

[0042] The digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of the terrain of the referenced city is carried out to obtain the city's altitude, slope, slope direction and other terrain parameters. Then the first system data of the city to be spatially planned is compared with the terrain characteristics (altitude, slope, slope direction) obtained from the referenced city to obtain the differences in landform characteristics, that is, the first system data is obtained.

[0043] In one possible implementation, see Figure 3 S310, performing a first geomorphic parameter system analysis on the spatially planned city to obtain first system data, including: S311, calculating the height standard deviation of the model of the city to be spatially planned within the grid unit to obtain a terrain relief index.

[0044] For example, the height standard deviation of the model of the city to be spatially planned within the grid unit can be calculated by obtaining the digital elevation model (DEM) data of the city to be spatially planned (recording the height information of each area of ​​the city) and then dividing the DEM data into several grid units, each unit represents a small area of ​​the city, and calculating the height standard deviation of all points inside each grid unit. The standard deviation can reflect the undulation of the terrain within the unit; finally, the terrain undulation data of all grid units are integrated to obtain the terrain undulation index of the city to be spatially planned. The higher the index, the more significant the undulation of the city's terrain, and vice versa, it means that the terrain is relatively flat.

[0045] S312, simulating and extracting the river valley network through the hydrological analysis module, calculating the average cutting depth to obtain the surface cutting depth index.

[0046] It can be understood that the hydrological analysis module is a tool for analyzing the hydrological characteristics of a city; this module can simulate water flow paths, extract river valley networks, and calculate the average cutting depth to obtain a surface cutting depth index.

[0047] For example, the river valley network is extracted by simulating the hydrological analysis module, and the average cutting depth is calculated to obtain the surface cutting depth index. This means that the river valley network of the city is simulated by using the hydrological analysis module to treat the hydrological data of the spatial planning city; the river valley network is a low-lying area formed by water flow through the terrain cutting, and its shape and distribution can reflect the cutting of the surface. Then the average cutting depth of the river valley network is calculated, that is, the average height difference from the bottom of the river valley to the surrounding terrain, as the surface cutting depth index. The larger the index, the deeper the surface is cut, the more significant the ups and downs and changes in the terrain may be, and the more complicated the impact on the heat island effect is.

[0048] S313, obtaining first system data according to the terrain relief index and the surface cutting depth value.

[0049] Exemplarily, the terrain relief index and the surface cutting depth value are determined as the first system data.

[0050] With such settings, the above description can accurately evaluate the topography, optimize land use planning, and improve the rationality of transportation planning. The terrain undulation index can reflect the undulation of the terrain in the region by calculating the standard deviation of the height of the urban model within the grid unit. The larger the value, the more drastic the terrain undulation. The surface cutting depth index can quantify the degree of surface cutting by simulating and extracting the river valley network and calculating the average cutting depth. The larger the value, the deeper the surface cutting and the higher the degree of terrain fragmentation. The combination of the two indexes can enable planners to fully and meticulously understand the topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the city to be planned, and provide accurate basic data for subsequent planning.

[0051] S320, performing a second geomorphic parameter system analysis on the city to be spatially planned to obtain second system data; wherein the second system data is used to reflect the hydrological characteristics of the city to be spatially planned.

[0052] It can be understood that before the second geomorphic parameter system analysis is conducted, the hydrological data of the city to be spatially planned are collected, including the distribution, area, water volume, water quality and other information of water bodies such as rivers, lakes and wetlands, which can be obtained through remote sensing technology, on-site investigation, historical data collation and other methods. The second geomorphic parameter system analysis can use the geographic information system analysis tool to construct a hydrological model of the city to be spatially planned. The model can simulate urban hydrological processes, such as rainfall runoff, water evaporation, groundwater level changes, etc., so as to reveal the impact of hydrological characteristics on the heat island effect. Combined with the hydrological model, the specific impact of the hydrological characteristics of the city to be spatially planned on the heat island effect is analyzed. For example, the distribution and area of ​​water bodies may affect the local climate of the city, consume heat through evaporation, and reduce the surrounding temperature; water quality may affect the ability of water bodies to mitigate the heat island effect. Clear water bodies usually have better evaporation effects. The hydrological characteristics of the referenced city are then compared and analyzed with the city to be spatially planned to obtain the differences in hydrological characteristics in the first analysis data, and then the second system data is obtained.

[0053] In this way, by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of the spatially planned city and comparing it with the reference city, it is possible to more accurately evaluate the heat island effect control of the spatially planned city, which is helpful to formulate targeted planning strategies, optimize urban layout, and improve the city's ecological environment quality and the quality of life of residents.

[0054] In one possible implementation, see Figure 3 S320, performing a second landform parameter system analysis on the spatial planning city to obtain second system data, including: S321, obtaining the water area ratio and water shape index of the city to be spatially planned.

[0055] For example, the proportion of water area in a city to be spatially planned can be obtained by identifying and measuring water bodies within the city through tools such as remote sensing technology or geographic information systems, and calculating the proportion of the total area of ​​water bodies to the total area of ​​the city. The larger the proportion of water area, the more natural water bodies a city has. These water bodies can consume a lot of heat through evaporation, which helps to reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment, thereby affecting the mitigation of the heat island effect. The water body shape index is used to describe the morphological complexity of the water body; among them, the more irregular the shape of the water body, the longer its boundary, the larger the heat exchange area with the surrounding environment, and the larger the water body shape index, the more it helps to enhance the evaporation effect of the water body and further reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment.

[0056] S322, the water body cold island intensity index is calculated based on the water body area ratio and the water body shape index.

[0057] For example, the water body cooling island intensity index can be calculated by the water body cooling island efficiency formula; wherein the formula is ; That is, WCE is the water body cold island intensity index.

[0058] S323, calculating the coupling degree of blue-green space in the city to be spatially planned, and obtaining the spatial overlap ratio index of water bodies and green spaces.

[0059] Exemplarily, obtaining the spatial overlap ratio index of water bodies and green spaces can be achieved through geographic information system technology. Specifically, GIS tools are first used to identify and classify green spaces and water bodies in cities that are subject to spatial planning, and their spatial distribution information is obtained. Through the spatial overlay analysis function, the spatial overlap area between water bodies and green spaces is calculated, that is, the area covered by both water bodies and green spaces. The area of ​​this overlapping area is divided by the sum of the total area of ​​water bodies and green spaces to obtain the spatial overlap ratio index of water bodies and green spaces. The higher the index, the better the spatial coupling between water bodies and green spaces, and their joint mitigation effect on the urban heat island effect may be more significant.

[0060] In this way, the spatial overlap ratio index of water bodies and green spaces can reflect the synergy of blue-green spaces in cities. As an important ecological element in cities, blue-green spaces play an important role in regulating urban microclimate and alleviating the heat island effect. Water bodies consume heat through evaporation and reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment; green spaces reduce heat accumulation through transpiration and shading effects. When water bodies and green spaces are intertwined and highly coupled, they can form a more complete ecological network and jointly exert greater ecological effects.

[0061] S324, performing weight analysis based on the water body cold island intensity index and the spatial overlap ratio index to obtain the second system data.

[0062] Exemplarily, according to the characteristics of the city to be spatially planned, the water body cold island intensity index and the spatial overlap ratio index are allocated with weights of 40% and 60%, and then the water body cold island intensity index with a weight of 40% and the spatial overlap ratio index with a weight of 60% are calculated to obtain the calculation results, and the numerical values ​​of the calculation results are determined as the second system data.

[0063] S330, obtaining first analysis data according to the referenced city, the first system data and the second system data.

[0064] Exemplarily, the referenced city, the terrain relief index and the ground cutting depth value in the first system data, and the calculation result value indicated by the second system data are determined as the first analysis data.

[0065] In one possible implementation, see Figure 4 S330, obtaining first analysis data according to the referenced city, the first system data and the second system data, including: S331, obtaining total urban data of the referenced city; wherein the total urban data includes the topographical characteristics and hydrological characteristics of the referenced city.

[0066] It can be understood that the total urban data may include terrain parameters such as altitude, slope, aspect, etc. of the referenced city, as well as hydrological characteristic parameters such as water area ratio, water shape index, water cold island intensity index, and spatial overlap ratio index between water and green space.

[0067] For example, the total urban data of the referenced city can be obtained by querying a geographic information system platform or a historical database, which usually stores detailed urban topography and hydrology data. The historical database can be obtained through long-term manual accumulation and sorting.

[0068] S332: Compare the terrain characteristics indicated by the city's total data with the terrain characteristics reflected in the first system data to obtain a terrain characteristic difference value.

[0069] For example, the hydrological characteristic parameters of the referenced city, such as the water area ratio, water shape index, water cold island intensity index, and spatial overlap ratio index between water and green space, can be calculated one by one with the corresponding parameters of the city to be spatially planned to obtain the difference or proportion difference. S333, according to the difference value of terrain characteristics, the degree value of the terrain characteristics in alleviating the heat island effect is obtained.

[0070] It can be understood that the greater the difference value of terrain characteristics, the greater the terrain difference between the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned, but it is within the range of the difference.

[0071] For example, the degree of mitigation of the heat island effect by the terrain features can be calculated by inputting the difference value of the terrain features, and this degree value can reflect the gap between the terrain of the city to be spatially planned and the city to be referenced, as well as the specific impact of this gap on the heat island effect. For example, if the terrain undulation of the city to be spatially planned is small, while the terrain undulation of the city to be referenced is large, and it is known that the larger the terrain undulation, the more conducive it is to mitigating the heat island effect, then the disadvantageous gap in the terrain of the city to be spatially planned is obtained.

[0072] S334, comparing the hydrological characteristics indicated by the total urban data with the hydrological characteristics reflected in the second system data to obtain a hydrological characteristic difference value.

[0073] Exemplarily, the hydrological characteristics indicated by the total urban data and the hydrological characteristics reflected in the second system data are calculated by comparing and analyzing the hydrological characteristic parameters such as the water area ratio, water shape index, water cold island intensity index and spatial overlap ratio index of water body and green space of the city to be spatially planned with the corresponding parameters of the city being referenced, calculating the difference or ratio and obtaining the hydrological characteristic difference value.

[0074] S335, obtain the degree value of the hydrological characteristics to alleviate the urban heat island effect according to the difference value of the hydrological characteristics.

[0075] Exemplarily, by inputting the difference value of hydrological characteristics, the degree of mitigation of the heat island effect by hydrological characteristics is calculated. This degree value can obtain the similarity or difference between the hydrological characteristics of the city to be spatially planned and the city to be referenced, as well as the specific impact of this similarity or difference on the heat island effect. For example, if the water body area of ​​the city to be spatially planned accounts for a large proportion and the water body shape index is high, while the water body characteristics of the city to be referenced are relatively weak, it proves that the city to be spatially planned has a stronger ability to mitigate the heat island effect in terms of hydrological characteristics. Among them, this calculation process can be achieved by constructing a hydrological characteristic impact assessment model. Exemplarily, the model can be trained to predict the degree of mitigation of the heat island effect by inputting the difference value of hydrological characteristics and other relevant factors (such as climate conditions, city size, population density, etc.). After the model training is completed, the difference value of hydrological characteristics of the city to be spatially planned can be input, and the corresponding mitigation degree value can be calculated by the model.

[0076] S336, obtaining first analysis data according to the degree value of mitigating the heat island effect by the terrain characteristics and the degree value of mitigating the heat island effect by the hydrological characteristics.

[0077] Exemplarily, the degree value of the mitigation of the heat island effect by the terrain feature and the degree value of the mitigation of the heat island effect by the hydrological feature are determined as the first analysis data.

[0078] With this setting, by obtaining the total urban data of the reference city (including topographic and hydrological characteristics) and comparing them with its own first system data (reflecting topographic characteristics) and second system data (reflecting hydrological characteristics), the differences in topographic and hydrological characteristics between the city to be planned and the reference city can be accurately found. The degree of influence of different characteristics on the heat island effect can be understood more intuitively and accurately, the way of terrain utilization can be optimized, and the basis for subsequent improvements can be laid to improve the mitigation effect of the heat island effect.

[0079] S400, when the first analysis data is obtained, the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned are analyzed to obtain second analysis data; wherein the second analysis data is used to reflect the impact of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned.

[0080] It can be understood that after obtaining the first analysis data, an urban spatial structure analysis is conducted on the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain the impact of the urban spatial structure on the urban heat island effect, and the second analysis data is obtained based on the impact.

[0081] In one possible implementation, see Figure 5 S400, when the first analysis data is obtained, the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned are analyzed to obtain second analysis data, including: S410, when the first analysis data is obtained, basic data of the referenced city is obtained; wherein the basic data is used to indicate the building height, building density, street ratio, green space coverage and traffic overlap rate in the referenced city.

[0082] Exemplarily, after obtaining the first analysis data, the basic data of the referenced city can be obtained by querying a geographic information system platform or a historical database; wherein the historical database can be obtained through long-term manual accumulation and organization.

[0083] S420, when the first analysis data is obtained, extracting basic spatial structure data of the city to be spatially planned; wherein the basic spatial structure data is used to reflect the building conditions and street conditions of the city to be spatially planned.

[0084] It can be understood that the construction and street conditions of the city to be spatially planned can be extracted by remote sensing technology, drone aerial photography, on-site surveys, etc., to measure and record the building layout, street direction, building height, etc. of the city to be spatially planned in detail, and obtain accurate basic spatial structure data of the city. Basic spatial structure data can reflect information such as building density, volume ratio, street width, street direction, etc. of the city to be spatially planned, providing a basis for subsequent urban spatial structure analysis.

[0085] In one possible implementation, see Figure 5 S420, when the first analysis data is obtained, extracting basic spatial structure data of the city to be spatially planned, including: S421, when the first analysis data is obtained, detecting the building conditions of the city to be spatially planned to obtain building data; wherein the building data is used to indicate the building height and building density of the city to be spatially planned.

[0086] For example, the building height and building density of the city to be spatially planned will be detected through remote sensing technology, drone aerial photography, on-site investigation, etc., and the building height and building density will be determined as building data.

[0087] S422, obtaining the street width of the city to be spatially planned according to the building density of the city to be spatially planned indicated by the building data.

[0088] It can be understood that the street width of the city to be spatially planned can be obtained through the urban spatial structure analysis model. The urban spatial structure analysis model can obtain the total number of buildings based on the building density in the building data, and calculate the street width of the city to be spatially planned by calculating the total number and the actual floor area. For example, the total area of ​​area A is 1,000 square meters, with a total of 10 rows of buildings (each row of buildings is 50 square meters, and the buildings occupy 500 square meters). Then the spacing between two adjacent rows is equal, so there are 9 equal spacings in total, then 500÷9, that is, each spacing is 55.56 square meters, and the width of each street is 55.56 square meters.

[0089] S423, calculating based on the building height indicated by the building data and the street width of the city to be spatially planned, to obtain the height-to-width ratio of the building in the city to be spatially planned.

[0090] For example, for a single building and an adjacent street, the height of the building is directly divided by the street width corresponding to its frontage. For example, if a building is 50 meters high and the street width in front of it is 20 meters wide, the height-to-width ratio of the building is 50÷20=2.5. Regional average calculation: If an overall analysis is performed on the buildings in a region, the sum of the heights of all buildings in the region and the sum of the corresponding street widths can be calculated first, and then the sum of the heights can be divided by the sum of the street widths to obtain the average height-to-width ratio of the buildings in the region. For example, there are 10 buildings in an area with a total height of 500 meters, and the total width of the streets facing these buildings is 100 meters. Then the average height-to-width ratio of the buildings in the area is 500÷100=5. Because different buildings may have different degrees of impact on the heat island effect, a weighted average method can also be used. Assign corresponding weights to buildings of different types or sizes, and then calculate the weighted height-to-width ratio. For example, the weight of large commercial buildings is 0.6, the weight of small residential buildings is 0.4, the average height of commercial buildings is 80 meters, the corresponding street width is 30 meters, and the average height of residential buildings is 30 meters, the corresponding street width is 15 meters. The weighted average height-to-width ratio is , then the aspect ratio is 3.33.

[0091] S424, obtaining basic spatial structure data according to the street width of the city to be spatially planned and the height-to-width ratio of the buildings in the city to be spatially planned.

[0092] Exemplarily, the basic spatial structure data is determined by the street width value of the city to be spatially planned and the height-to-width ratio value of the building in the city to be spatially planned; wherein, the building conditions and street conditions of the city to be spatially planned can be reflected according to the street width value of the city to be spatially planned and the height-to-width ratio value of the building in the city to be spatially planned. For example, the street width and the height-to-width ratio value of the building can reflect the crowdedness of the street and the density of the building. When the street width is narrow and the building height-to-width ratio value is large, the street is more crowded and the buildings are dense, which may affect air circulation and aggravate the heat island effect. On the contrary, if the street width is wide and the building height-to-width ratio value is small, the street space is relatively open and the air circulation is good, which is conducive to alleviating the heat island effect.

[0093] S430, comparing the spatial structural elements of the city to be spatially planned to obtain comparison result data; wherein the comparison result data is used to reflect the comparison of green spaces and the comparison of transportation systems.

[0094] For example, the spatial structural elements such as green space coverage, green space distribution and connection relationship with the transportation system of the city to be spatially planned are compared with the corresponding elements of the referenced city, and the differences in spatial structures such as green space coverage, green space distribution and connection relationship with the transportation system are obtained (for example, the green space coverage of the city to be spatially planned is less than that of the referenced city, and the green space distribution of the city to be spatially planned is unreasonable compared with that of the referenced city), and the differences in spatial structure are determined as comparison result data In one possible implementation, see Figure 5 , S430, comparing the spatial structural elements of the city to be spatially planned to obtain comparison result data, including: S431, obtaining the urban heat island area and green space area of ​​the city to be spatially planned.

[0095] For example, the urban heat island area and green area of ​​the city to be spatially planned can be obtained through the geographic information system platform or remote sensing technology. The geographic information system platform can identify the urban heat island area and green area based on parameters such as surface temperature and vegetation coverage. Remote sensing technology can use high-resolution images taken by equipment such as satellites or drones to extract urban heat island areas and green areas.

[0096] S432, performing overlapping calculation on the urban heat island area of ​​the city to be spatially planned and the green area of ​​the city to be spatially planned, and obtaining the green coverage rate of the city to be spatially planned. Exemplarily, the urban heat island area and the green space area of ​​the city to be spatially planned are superimposed to check the proportion of the green space area to the urban heat island area, and based on the overlapping area displayed after the two are overlapped, the overlapping area of ​​the urban heat island area and the green space area is used as the green space coverage area of ​​the city to be spatially planned, and the proportion of the green space coverage area to the total area is obtained based on the green space coverage area, and the proportion value is determined as the green space coverage rate of the city to be spatially planned.

[0097] S433, obtaining a traffic flow map of the city to be spatially planned and a heat island map of the city to be spatially planned.

[0098] For example, the traffic flow map and heat island map of the city to be spatially planned can be obtained through methods such as geographic information system platform, traffic flow monitoring equipment or remote sensing technology. The geographic information system platform can draw a traffic flow map based on data such as vehicle driving trajectory and road congestion, and generate a heat island map by combining parameters such as surface temperature. Traffic flow monitoring equipment can monitor the vehicle traffic on the road in real time and provide real-time traffic flow data. Remote sensing technology can use high-resolution images to obtain the distribution of urban traffic conditions and heat island effects.

[0099] S434, processing the traffic flow map of the city to be spatially planned and the heat island map of the city to be spatially planned to obtain the traffic overlap rate of the city to be spatially planned.

[0100] It can be understood that the traffic flow map of the city to be spatially planned and the heat island map of the city to be spatially planned are superimposed, and the two are marked as "high heat + high flow" sections after superposition, and the "high heat + high flow" sections are determined as the traffic overlap rate of the city to be spatially planned. "High heat + high flow" sections are overlapping sections with large traffic flow and high heat island effect. "High heat + high flow" sections can be one section or multiple sections, one area or multiple areas, etc., but are not limited to this.

[0101] S435, obtaining comparison result data according to the green space coverage rate and the traffic overlap rate.

[0102] Exemplarily, the green space coverage rate and the traffic overlap rate are determined as the comparison result data.

[0103] S440, obtaining second analysis data according to the basic data, the basic spatial structure data and the comparison result data.

[0104] It can be understood that by making a one-to-one comparison between the building conditions, street conditions, green space comparison conditions (green space coverage rate) and traffic system comparison conditions (traffic overlap rate) of the city to be spatially planned and the building height, building density, street ratio, green space coverage rate and traffic overlap rate in the referenced city indicated by the basic data, the influence values ​​of the basic spatial structure data and the comparison result data on the heat island effect of the city to be spatially planned can be obtained according to the comparison results, and the influence values ​​of the heat island effect of the city to be spatially planned are determined as the second analysis data.

[0105] S500, obtaining impact data according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data; wherein the impact data is used to reflect the impact value of the city to be spatially planned on the urban heat island effect after being improved based on the referenced city.

[0106] Exemplarily, the influence of the landform characteristics of the city to be spatially planned indicated by the first analysis data and the influence of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned indicated by the second analysis data are used to determine the aspects that need to be modified (for example, the aspects that need to be modified may be the landform characteristics and / or the urban spatial structure, wherein the modifications or improvements may be made on the existing basis of the city to be spatially planned). After improvements are made, the impact value of the improved city on the heat island effect is obtained. The larger the impact value of the improved city on the heat island effect, the better the improvement effect is, and vice versa.

[0107] In summary, comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators can provide a scientific basis for urban spatial planning, help formulate more reasonable and effective urban planning strategies, and identify areas that need to be optimized in the planned city to improve the effects of the optimized areas. At the same time, it can meet and adapt to other cities that need to be optimized and improve the living environment and quality of life of residents.

[0108] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0109] Corresponding to the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect described in the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present application also provides a system for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect, and each unit of the system can implement each step of the method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect. Figure 6 A structural block diagram of a system for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present application are shown.

[0110] Reference Figure 6 , the analysis system of the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect includes: A selection unit is used to select reference cities that meet the urban spatial planning requirements according to the impact of the heat island effect; An acquisition unit, used for acquiring a city to be spatially planned; A first analysis unit is used to analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data; wherein the first analysis data is used to reflect the influence of the geomorphic characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; The second analysis unit is used to analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned, and obtain second analysis data when the first analysis data is obtained; wherein the second analysis data is used to reflect the impact of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned; The result unit is used to obtain the impact data according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data; wherein the impact data is used to reflect the impact value of the city to be spatially planned on the urban heat island effect after the city is improved according to the reference city.

[0111] It should be noted that the information interaction, execution process, etc. between the above-mentioned systems / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiment of the present application. Their specific functions and technical effects can be found in the method embodiment part and will not be repeated here.

[0112] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In practical applications, the above-mentioned function allocation can be completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the system can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0113] The embodiment of the present application also provides a device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the urban space planning impact on the heat island effect analysis device 6 of this embodiment includes: at least one processor 60 ( Figure 7 Only one is shown), at least one memory 61 ( Figure 7 Only one is shown in the figure) and a computer program 62 stored in the at least one memory 61 and executable on the at least one processor 60. When the processor 60 executes the computer program 62, the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect implements the steps in any of the above-mentioned methods for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, or implements the functions of the modules / units in the above-mentioned system embodiments.

[0114] Exemplarily, the computer program 62 may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory 61 and executed by the processor 60 to complete the present application. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of completing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 62 in the urban spatial planning impact analysis device 6.

[0115] The device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect can be a computing device such as a desktop computer or a notebook. The device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect can include, but is not limited to, a processor 60 and a memory 61. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 7It is only an example of the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect, and does not constitute a limitation on the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect. It may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or different components, for example, it may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0116] The processor 60 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0117] In some embodiments, the memory 61 may be an internal storage unit of the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, such as a hard disk or memory of the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect. In other embodiments, the memory 61 may also be an external storage device of the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, etc. equipped on the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect. Further, the memory 61 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the device 6 for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect. The memory 61 is used to store an operating system, an application program, a boot loader (BootLoader), data, and other programs, such as the program code of the computer program. The memory 61 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.

[0118] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in any of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0119] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product runs on a device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect, the device for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect implements the steps in any of the above-mentioned method embodiments.

[0120] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present application implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, which can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may at least include: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code to the urban space planning on the heat island effect analysis device, recording medium, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. For example, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk. In some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media cannot be electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0121] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0122] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0123] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect can be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described system and device embodiments for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect are merely schematic. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0124] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0125] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, characterized in that: include: According to the impact of the heat island effect, select cities that are suitable for urban spatial planning reference; Obtain cities to be spatially planned; Analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data; wherein the first analysis data is used to reflect the influence of the geomorphic characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; When the first analysis data is obtained, the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned are analyzed to obtain second analysis data; wherein the second analysis data is used to reflect the impact of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned; The impact data is obtained according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data; wherein the impact data is used to reflect the impact value of the city to be spatially planned on the heat island effect after being improved according to the referenced city.

2. The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the impact of the heat island effect, the cities that meet the urban spatial planning reference are selected, including: Obtaining the heat island effect values ​​of all cities; wherein the higher the heat island effect value, the higher the temperature of the city; Sort the cities in sequence according to the sorting condition to obtain the city arrangement order of all cities from A to Z; wherein A is the smallest heat island effect value, Z is the largest heat island effect value, and the city arrangement order is the order of all cities obtained according to the sorting condition; Acquire cities based on the city arrangement order to obtain a plurality of city priority data; wherein the city priority data is used to indicate cities that are preferentially selected for reference; The referenced city is obtained according to the preferred cities for reference indicated by the plurality of city priority data.

3. The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analyzing the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data includes: Performing a first geomorphic parameter system analysis on the city to be spatially planned to obtain first system data; wherein the first system data is used to reflect the topographical characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; Performing a second geomorphic parameter system analysis on the city to be spatially planned to obtain second system data; wherein the second system data is used to reflect the hydrological characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; The first analysis data is obtained according to the referenced city, the first system data and the second system data.

4. The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first geomorphic parameter system analysis is performed on the city to be spatially planned to obtain first system data, including: Calculating the height standard deviation of the model of the city to be spatially planned within the grid unit to obtain a terrain relief index; The river valley network is extracted through simulation of the hydrological analysis module, and the average cutting depth is calculated to obtain the surface cutting depth index; The first system data is obtained according to the terrain relief index and the surface cutting depth value.

5. The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second landform parameter system analysis is performed on the city to be spatially planned to obtain second system data, including: Obtaining the water area ratio and water shape index of the city to be spatially planned; The water body cold island intensity index is calculated according to the water body area ratio and the water body shape index; Calculating the coupling degree of blue-green space in the city to be spatially planned, and obtaining a spatial overlap ratio index of water bodies and green spaces; The second system data is obtained by performing weight analysis based on the water body cold island intensity index and the spatial overlap ratio index.

6. The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the first analysis data according to the referenced city, the first system data and the second system data includes: Obtaining total city data of the referenced city; wherein the total city data includes topographical characteristics and hydrological characteristics of the referenced city; Comparing the terrain characteristics indicated by the city total data with the terrain characteristics reflected in the first system data to obtain a terrain characteristics difference value; According to the difference value of the terrain characteristics, the degree value of the terrain characteristics in alleviating the heat island effect is obtained; Comparing the hydrological characteristics indicated by the total city data with the hydrological characteristics reflected in the second system data to obtain a hydrological characteristics difference value; According to the hydrological characteristic difference value, the degree value of the hydrological characteristic mitigation of the heat island effect is obtained; The first analysis data is obtained according to the degree to which the terrain feature alleviates the heat island effect and the degree to which the hydrological feature alleviates the heat island effect.

7. The method for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first analysis data is obtained, the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned are analyzed to obtain second analysis data, including: When the first analysis data is obtained, basic data of the referenced city is obtained; wherein the basic data is used to indicate the building height, building density, street ratio, green space coverage and traffic overlap rate in the referenced city; When the first analysis data is obtained, extracting basic spatial structure data of the city to be spatially planned; wherein the basic spatial structure data is used to reflect the building conditions and street conditions of the city to be spatially planned; Comparing the spatial structural elements of the city to be spatially planned to obtain comparison result data; wherein the comparison result data is used to reflect the comparison of green space and the comparison of transportation system; The second analysis data is obtained according to the basic data, the basic spatial structure data and the comparison result data.

8. The method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of extracting basic spatial structure data of the city to be spatially planned after obtaining the first analysis data comprises: When the first analysis data is obtained, the building conditions of the city to be spatially planned are detected to obtain building data; wherein the building data is used to indicate the building height and building density of the city to be spatially planned; Obtaining the street width of the city to be spatially planned according to the building density of the city to be spatially planned indicated by the building data; Calculating based on the building height indicated by the building data and the street width of the city to be spatially planned, to obtain a height-to-width ratio of the building in the city to be spatially planned; The basic spatial structure data is obtained according to the street width of the city to be spatially planned and the height-to-width ratio of the buildings in the city to be spatially planned.

9. The method for analyzing the impact of urban space planning on the heat island effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of comparing the spatial structural elements of the city to be spatially planned to obtain comparison result data includes: Obtain the heat island area and green space area of ​​the city to be spatially planned; Performing overlapping calculation on the urban heat island area of ​​the city to be spatially planned and the green area of ​​the city to be spatially planned to obtain the green coverage rate of the city to be spatially planned; Obtain a traffic flow map of the city to be spatially planned and a heat island map of the city to be spatially planned; Processing the traffic flow map of the city to be spatially planned and the heat island map of the city to be spatially planned to obtain a traffic overlap rate of the city to be spatially planned; The comparison result data is obtained according to the green space coverage rate and the traffic overlap rate.

10. A system for analyzing the impact of urban spatial planning on the heat island effect, characterized in that: include: A selection unit is used to select reference cities that meet the urban spatial planning requirements according to the impact of the heat island effect; An acquisition unit, used for acquiring a city to be spatially planned; A first analysis unit is used to analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain first analysis data; wherein the first analysis data is used to reflect the influence of the geomorphic characteristics of the city to be spatially planned; A second analysis unit is used to analyze the referenced city and the city to be spatially planned to obtain second analysis data when the first analysis data is obtained; wherein the second analysis data is used to reflect the impact of the urban spatial structure of the city to be spatially planned; A result unit is used to obtain impact data according to the first analysis data and the second analysis data; wherein the impact data is used to reflect the impact value of the city to be spatially planned on the heat island effect after being improved according to the referenced city.

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