A new high-performance circuit breaker and arc extinguishing method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel high-performance circuit breaker and a rotary arc extinguishing method, which are applied to new energy power generation and energy storage systems with a rated voltage of 1500V and above. The circuit breaker includes a static contact group, a movable contact group, and an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a plurality of grids; a static contact group is arranged above the arc extinguishing chamber, and a U-shaped conductor is connected above each static contact, and a permanent magnet is arranged inside the U-shaped conductor; a movable contact group is arranged inside the arc extinguishing chamber, and the movable contact group is rotatably and slidably connected to a guide shaft through a connector; wherein the movable contact and the static contact are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence to form an N-port series structure; when disconnected, the movable contact rotates and slides downward along the guide shaft, so that a spiral arc is formed between the movable contact group and the static contact group and a self-generated rotating magnetic field is generated. The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the arc centrifugal force work together to drive the arc into the grid to achieve arc extinguishing. The present invention adopts a direct-acting mechanism and a rotary arc extinguishing strategy to optimize the circuit breaker structure and effectively extinguish high-voltage and high-current arcs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-voltage circuit breakers, and more particularly to a novel high-performance circuit breaker and a rotating arc extinguishing method. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the rapid development of clean energy, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and energy storage systems have become key to supporting the development of new energy power systems. In these three industries, circuit breakers, as electrical equipment that controls and protects system safety, play an irreplaceable role. With the continuous development of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and energy storage systems, voltage increases and equipment miniaturization have become inevitable. Currently, the DC side voltage of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems is moving from the traditional DC1000V to 1500V and above, and the voltage of wind power generation is also moving towards 1500V. Therefore, AC and DC circuit breakers are required to be able to interrupt arcs with higher voltages and currents, while also being compact. Whether the arc can be extinguished quickly directly determines the performance of the circuit breaker. For molded case circuit breakers, the arc is mainly cut by the grid, and the arc voltage is increased to force the current to cross zero, thereby extinguishing the arc. However, due to the size limitation of traditional molded case circuit breakers, it is difficult to interrupt high voltage and high current arcs. Therefore, existing circuit breakers often use permanent magnets to provide an external magnetic field to quickly lengthen the arc. At the same time, the structure of the molded case circuit breaker is optimized to accelerate the gas circulation in the arc extinguishing chamber to achieve the purpose of quickly extinguishing the arc. However, the above arc extinguishing methods of adding magnetic blowing and gas blowing have little effect on interrupting arcs at higher voltages (1500V and above), especially for molded case circuit breakers that often use multiple stages in series to achieve high voltage arc interruption, but this undoubtedly increases the size of the circuit breaker.

[0003] When interrupting high voltages and high currents, molded case circuit breakers require a large number of grids to cut the arc, which increases the size of the circuit breaker and violates the requirement for a small size. Furthermore, when interrupting low currents, the Lorentz force generated by the low current is small, making it difficult to quickly extend the arc. This can cause erosion of the circuit breaker contacts, shorten the life of the molded case circuit breaker, and seriously affect the safe operation of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a new type of high-performance circuit breaker and arc extinguishing method, which adopts a direct-acting mechanism and an arc extinguishing strategy. Through a single-pole (1P) structure, the volume of the circuit breaker is effectively reduced, the structure is simple, and the cost is reduced. The arc is lengthened while the arc energy dissipation is accelerated, thereby achieving rapid arc extinguishing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a new high-performance circuit breaker for use in renewable energy power generation and energy storage systems with a rated voltage of 1500V and above. The overall structure is centrally symmetrical and includes a static contact group, a moving contact group, and an arc extinguishing chamber formed by multiple grid plates.

[0006] A static contact group is provided above the arc extinguishing chamber, and the static contact group includes N static contacts, where N is an even number greater than or equal to 4; a U-shaped conductor is connected above each of the static contacts, and a permanent magnet is provided inside the U-shaped conductor;

[0007] A moving contact group is provided inside the arc extinguishing chamber, and the moving contact group is correspondingly provided below the static contact group. The moving contact group includes N moving contacts. The moving contact group is connected to a moving contact connector. The central openings of the moving contact group and the moving contact connector are used to pass a guide shaft. The moving contact group is rotatably and slidingly connected to the guide shaft through the moving contact connector.

[0008] The moving contact and the static contact are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence to form an N-port series structure; in the closed state, the moving contact is in contact with the static contact, and the moving contact connector is located at the rotation and sliding starting point of the guide shaft; when opening, the moving contact is separated from the static contact, and the moving contact is driven by the moving contact connector to rotate and slide downward along the guide shaft, so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-rotating magnetic field is generated. The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the arc centrifugal force work together to drive the arc into the grid to achieve arc extinguishing.

[0009] Furthermore, the static contact is connected to a first running arc track;

[0010] The bottom end of the guide shaft is provided with a second arc track corresponding to the first arc track, and the second arc track extends to the bottom of the arc extinguishing chamber;

[0011] An arc striking angle is provided at one end of the moving contact away from the guide shaft, and the arc striking angle matches the position of the second arc track. When the moving contact is at the maximum opening distance, the arc striking angle contacts the second arc track to transfer the arc on the moving contact to the second arc track.

[0012] Furthermore, the value of N is 4, the static contact group and the moving contact group are both in the shape of a cross, and the four static contacts and the four moving contacts are symmetrically distributed in the four directions of the cross.

[0013] Furthermore, a spiral slide groove is provided on the outer wall of the guide shaft, and a spring and a slider are installed inside the side of the moving contact connecting piece that contacts the guide shaft, which matches the slide groove. The slider abuts against the slide groove under the action of the spring, and is used to guide the moving contact to rotate and slide along the guide shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, there are four U-shaped conductors, two adjacent U-shaped conductors are connected by a conductor short-circuit plate, and the other two U-shaped conductors are the input end and the output end respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the grid piece is arranged perpendicular to the arc striking angle of the moving contact, and the side of the grid piece close to the moving contact is in a trumpet shape and the concave part thereof is an arc surface.

[0016] Furthermore, there are 75-85 grid plates arranged in a circular ring structure, the thickness of each grid plate is 1.2-1.7 mm, the inner spacing is 1-1.5 mm, the angle between adjacent grid plates differs by 3-5 degrees, and the grid plates are arranged in a trumpet-shaped structure, that is, narrow inside and wide outside.

[0017] Furthermore, the new energy power generation and energy storage system with a rated voltage of 1500V and above includes wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems with an AC or DC rated voltage of 1500V and above, preferably a photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system with a DC rated voltage between DC1500V-DC3000V.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a rotating arc extinguishing method, which is applied to the novel high-performance circuit breaker as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0019] When breaking, the moving contact and the static contact separate, and an arc is formed between the moving contact and the static contact;

[0020] Driven by the moving contact connector, the moving contact rotates and slides downward along the guide shaft, and the arc root on the moving contact also rotates with the moving contact;

[0021] Each moving contact of the moving contact group rotates in sequence to the bottom of each static contact of the static contact group. When the previous moving contact rotates 360 / N degrees, the next moving contact rotates to the bottom of the static contact corresponding to the previous moving contact, so that the arc root on the previous moving contact jumps to the next moving contact. And so on. The arc rotates between 0 degrees and 360 / N degrees, so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-rotating magnetic field is generated.

[0022] When the moving contact group rotates 360 degrees, the rotation ends. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the moving contact does not move, but the arc continues to rotate. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating arc, the arc column accelerates to move toward the inside of the grid until the arc is extinguished.

[0023] Furthermore, the value of N is 4, four static contacts and four moving contacts are provided, and the arc rotates between 0 degrees and 90 degrees.

[0024] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the novel high-performance circuit breaker and arc-swinging extinguishing method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The grid is arranged in a ring, which can realize the arrangement of multiple grids in a single-pole (1P) structure, effectively reducing the volume of the DC molded case circuit breaker. The structure is simple and can realize the interruption of high voltage and high current arcs above DC1500V in a small volume (single-pole). At the same time, this arc extinguishing chamber structure does not require gas-generating materials and permanent magnets, realizing the non-polarity of DC interruption of the product, reducing the structural complexity and product cost, and realizing AC and DC universality.

[0026] (2) Design a direct-acting rotating moving contact structure with a fast mechanism action speed, which accelerates the separation speed of the moving and static contacts. During the separation process of the moving and static contacts, the moving contact rotates along the guide shaft. After rotating 360 degrees, the slider reaches the end of the rotation, during which the arc is driven to rotate, causing the arc to tilt and form a rotating arc. The rotating arc will generate a rotating magnetic field. When the moving contact ends its action, the generated magnetic field acts on the arc column, causing it to continue rotating until the arc is extinguished.

[0027] (3) The arc extinguishing strategy is adopted. On the one hand, the moving contact rotates rapidly at the moment of circuit breaker operation, which can quickly lengthen the arc. On the other hand, the rotation of the moving contact drives the initial rotation of the arc column to form a spiral rotating arc. The rotation of the arc can not only enhance the arc energy dissipation, but also allow the arc to quickly enter the grid under the action of centrifugal force, accelerate the arc cutting by the grid and enhance the arc energy dissipation, effectively extinguishing the high voltage and high current arc.

[0028] (4) The ring-shaped grid structure is perpendicular to the arc striking angle of the moving contact and is placed around the outside of the moving and static contacts. This greatly increases the number of grids that can be set on a single pole. At the same time, in conjunction with the rotating arc, it can ensure that the grid effectively cuts the arc column, obtains a higher arc voltage, and is conducive to current zero crossing under high voltage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a new high-performance circuit breaker provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the arc after arc root jump in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the arc before the arc root jump in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the arc enters the grid area in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the movable contact and the movable contact connector in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guide shaft and the second arc track in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the grid in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the arc extinguishing chamber formed by a plurality of grid plates in the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1. Grid, 2. Moving contact, 3. Permanent magnet, 4. Static contact, 5. First arc track, 6. Moving contact connector, 6-1. Spring, 6-2. Slider, 7. Guide shaft, 7-1. Slide groove, 8. Arc, 9. Conductor short-circuit plate, 10. Second arc track. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of an exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The new, high-performance circuit breaker provided by this invention features an innovative design of a direct-acting rotating movable contact and a circular arc-extinguishing chamber. When the movable and static contacts separate, the movable contact rapidly actuates, lengthening the arc and accelerating arc energy dissipation. Simultaneously, the rotating arc generates a rotating magnetic field, prompting the arc to quickly enter the grid area, resulting in rapid arc extinguishing.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] See Figures 1-8 The present invention discloses a new type of high-performance circuit breaker, which is used in wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems with AC or DC rated voltage of 1500V and above, and is particularly suitable for photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems with DC rated voltage between DC1500V-DC3000V.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, the novel high-performance circuit breaker provided by the present invention has a centrally symmetrical overall structure, including a static contact group, a moving contact group, and a circular arc extinguishing chamber surrounded by a plurality of grid plates 1.

[0044] Among them, multiple grids 1 adopt a ring-shaped enclosure structure to wrap the moving contact group; compared with the traditional straight-line arrangement, the present invention adopts a circular ring structure, which can realize the arrangement of multiple grids in a single-pole (1P) structure, effectively reducing the volume of the molded case circuit breaker, with a simple structure, and can realize the interruption of high voltage and high current arcs above 1500V in a small volume (single-stage).

[0045] A static contact group is located above the arc extinguishing chamber. This group includes four static contacts 4 arranged in a cross shape, symmetrically distributed along the four sides of the cross. Connected to each static contact 4 is a U-shaped conductor, each containing a permanent magnet 3. Four U-shaped conductors are provided, with two adjacent ones connected by a conductor shorting plate 9. The remaining two U-shaped conductors serve as the incoming and outgoing terminals, respectively.

[0046] The symmetrical "cross" layout of the static contact 4 creates a uniform magnetic field during opening. This, combined with the constant magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 3 above, provides the initial driving force for arc rotation. This eliminates the need for additional gas-generating materials or complex magnetic blowout structures, simplifying the arc extinguishing chamber design and reducing manufacturing costs. It also enables non-polarity interruption and enhances the versatility of the circuit breaker. The integrated design of the U-shaped conductor and the permanent magnet 3 integrates the magnetic field generator with the conductive circuit, shortening the magnetic path and enhancing the magnetic field strength. This allows the arc to be subjected to a strong Lorentz force at the moment of opening, accelerating the initial stretching process.

[0047] A moving contact group is provided inside the arc extinguishing chamber, and the moving contact group is correspondingly provided below the static contact group. The moving contact group includes four moving contacts 2, and the moving contact group is in a "cross" shape. The four moving contacts 2 are symmetrically distributed in the four directions of the "cross" shape; Figure 5 As shown, the moving contact group is connected to the moving contact connector 6. The central openings of the moving contact group and the moving contact connector 6 are used to pass through the guide shaft 7. The moving contact group is rotatably and slidingly connected to the guide shaft 7 through the moving contact connector 6. Specifically, a spiral slide groove 7-1 is opened on the outer wall of the guide shaft 7. Figure 5 As shown, a spring 6-1 and a slider 6-2 are installed inside the side of the moving contact connector 6 that contacts the guide shaft 7, which matches the slide groove 7-1. The slider 6-2 abuts against the slide groove 7-1 under the action of the spring 6-1, and is used to guide the moving contact 2 to rotate and slide along the guide shaft 7.

[0048] The moving contact 2 and the static contact 4 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence to form a four-port series structure; in the closed state, the moving contact 2 is in contact with the static contact 4, and the moving contact connector 6 is located at the rotation and sliding starting point of the guide shaft 7; when opening, the moving contact 2 is separated from the static contact 4, and the moving contact 2 is driven by the moving contact connector 6 to rotate and slide downward along the guide shaft 7, so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-rotating magnetic field is generated. The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the arc centrifugal force work together to drive the arc into the grid 1 to achieve arc extinguishing.

[0049] In addition, the static contact 4 is connected to a first arc track 5; specifically, the first arc track 5 extends outward away from the center of the static contact group;

[0050] The bottom end of the guide shaft 7 is provided with a second arc track 10 corresponding to the first arc track 5, and the second arc track 10 extends to the bottom of the arc extinguishing chamber;

[0051] An arc striking angle is provided at the end of the moving contact 2 away from the guide shaft 7, and the arc striking angle is matched with the position of the second arc running track 10. When the moving contact 2 is at the maximum opening distance, the arc striking angle contacts the second arc running track 10, thereby quickly striking the arc to transfer the arc 8 on the moving contact 2 to the second arc running track 10, reducing the erosion of the moving contact 2 and increasing the electrical life of the circuit breaker.

[0052] The coordinated design of the above-mentioned arc striking angle and the second arc running track 10 provides a predetermined transfer path for the arc, avoiding disorderly ablation of the arc root on the contact surface. Especially when the moving contact 2 is at the maximum opening distance, the arc striking angle contacts the second arc running track 10, which can quickly guide the arc to the grid 1 area and reduce damage to the moving contact.

[0053] For example, Figure 7 As shown, the grid 1 has a vertically symmetrical structure, with a narrow slit on each grid 1. The depth of the narrow slit is A (3-6 mm). The side of the grid 1 close to the moving contact 2 is trumpet-shaped, and its concave part is a circular arc surface with a depth of C (10-15 mm) and an opening length of B (10-15 mm). The trumpet-shaped design forms a "guiding-contraction" channel. The outward opening of the trumpet (10-15 mm) facilitates the arc to smoothly enter the grid 1 area under the action of centrifugal force. The concave circular arc surface reduces the resistance to arc entry. The narrow slit depth (3-6 mm) ensures that the grid effectively cuts the arc, avoiding problems such as arc entry obstruction due to too small a slit width, insufficient cutting effect, or insufficient capacity of the grid 1 due to too large a slit width, and inability to effectively cool the arc under high current.

[0054] like Figure 8As shown, the grid 1 is placed perpendicular to the arc starting angle, and a total of 75-85 grids 1 are arranged in a single stage, showing a ring structure. The thickness of each piece is 1.2-1.7mm, the inner spacing is 1-1.5mm, and the angle difference between each other is 3-5 degrees. The circular layout structure not only greatly increases the number of grids 1 that can be set in a single pole, but also cooperates with the rotating arc to ensure that the grid 1 effectively cuts the arc 8, obtains a higher arc voltage, and is conducive to current zero crossing under high voltage. The angle of the circular grid 1 is The difference (3-5 degrees) arrangement breaks the parallel arrangement mode of traditional straight grids, forming a spiral progressive cutting path, so that the contact angle of the arc with each grid 1 changes continuously during the rotation process, avoiding local ablation of the grid 1 caused by continuous burning of the arc in a single direction. At the same time, the close spacing on the inside (1-1.5mm) ensures that under high voltage, the arc will not retreat to the contact area after entering the grid and cause back breakdown. Combined with the dense number of 75-85 pieces, a multi-level arc extinguishing barrier is constructed in the single-pole space.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] like Figure 2-Figure 4 The present invention also provides a novel high-performance arc extinguishing method for a circuit breaker, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0057] When breaking, the moving contact 2 and the static contact 4 are separated, and an arc is formed between the moving contact 2 and the static contact 4;

[0058] Driven by the moving contact connector 6, the moving contact 2 rotates and slides downward along the guide shaft 7, and the arc root on the moving contact 2 also rotates with the moving contact 2;

[0059] Each moving contact 2 of the moving contact group rotates in sequence to the bottom of each static contact 4 of the static contact group. When the previous moving contact 2 rotates 90 degrees, the next moving contact 2 rotates to the bottom of the static contact 4 corresponding to the previous moving contact 2, so that the arc root on the previous moving contact 2 jumps to the next moving contact 2. Similarly, the arcs on the other three moving contacts 2 connected in series rotate and jump in the same way. The arc rotates between 0 degrees and 90 degrees, so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-rotating magnetic field is generated.

[0060] When the moving contact group rotates 360 degrees, the rotation ends. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the moving contact 2 does not move, but the arc 8 continues to rotate. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating arc, the arc column of the arc 8 accelerates to move into the grid 1 until the arc 8 is extinguished.

[0061] Specifically, in the closed state, the moving and static contacts are in contact, and the slider 6-1 in the moving contact connector 6 is at the rotation starting point of the slide groove 7-1 of the guide shaft 7. During the breaking action, the moving and static contacts are separated, and the moving contact 2 is constrained by the slider 6-1 and rotates along the slide groove 7-1. The arc root on the moving contact 2 rotates and jumps along with the moving contact 2, thereby causing the four arc columns in series to rotate in an inclined manner. During the movement of the moving contact 2, the arc will only rotate between 0 and 90 degrees. When a certain moving contact rotates to 90 degrees, the next moving contact just moves to the bottom of the static contact, that is, there is a moving contact directly below each static contact. At this time, since the distance between the upper and lower corresponding moving and static contacts is the shortest, the arc root on the previous moving contact will jump to the moving contact directly below the static contact. Figure 2 The arc root position is shown in Figure 8 after it has just jumped once; the arc 8 follows Figure 3 The direction of the arc column rotates. When the arc rotates to 90 degrees, the next moving contact just moves to the bottom of the static contact. Since the distance between the moving and static contacts is the shortest, the arc will jump to the next moving contact. The rotation of the arc is between 0 and 90 degrees. Similarly, the moving contact rotates 360 degrees and then stops. At this time, the four arc columns in series have formed a spiral shape. The arc column will generate a rotating magnetic field. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the moving contact will not move after rotating 360 degrees, but the arc will continue to rotate. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating arc, the arc column will accelerate to move toward the inside of the grid, thereby accelerating the arc being cut by the grid and enhancing the arc energy dissipation, effectively extinguishing the high voltage and high current arc.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present invention, the arc 8 rotates between 0 degrees and 90 degrees. The arc jump mechanism utilizes the sudden change in electric field strength when the contact spacing is the shortest to force the arc root to transfer, thereby avoiding a single contact from carrying the arc for a long time. In conjunction with the continuous rotation of the moving contact 3, the arc forms a spiral trajectory in the arc extinguishing chamber, effectively lengthening the arc length, increasing the contact area between the arc and the grid 1, and accelerating energy dissipation.

[0063] The rotating magnetic field generated by the spiral arc works synergistically with the centrifugal force: the rotating magnetic field drives the arc to rotate continuously, and the centrifugal force forces the arc column to move rapidly toward the grid 1. Under the dual effects, the arc is accelerated to be cut by the grid and the arc energy dissipation is enhanced, effectively extinguishing the high voltage and high current arc.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, after the arc enters the grid 1 area, the arc root of the arc 8 is transferred to the second arc track 10. The position of the second arc track 10 is precisely matched with the grid 1 to ensure that the arc root is in a stable transfer state when entering the grid 1, avoiding local overheating caused by the arc root staying at the edge of the grid 1, improving the arc cutting efficiency of the grid 1, and further shortening the arc extinguishing time.

[0065] like Figure 5As shown, it is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the moving contact 2. At the central opening of the moving contact 2, the moving contact connector 6 is provided with a spring 6-1 and a slider 6-2. The combined structure of the spring 6-1 and the slider 6-2 enables the moving contact 2 to slide in the spiral slide groove 7-1 of the guide shaft 7. The elastic force of the spring 6-1 can keep the slider 6-2 in close contact with the slide groove 7-1, thereby ensuring the smoothness of the rotation and lifting action. At the moment of disconnection, the centrifugal force generated by the spiral trajectory can accelerate the separation speed of the moving contact 2. Combined with the slide groove design of the guide shaft 7, the moving contact 2 can complete a 360-degree rotation and descent in a very short time, quickly lengthen the arc, and gain a critical time window for the subsequent arc extinguishing process.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, an arc striking angle is arranged on the moving contact 2, and a second arc running track 10 corresponding to the first arc running track 5 is also provided on the lower side of the moving contact 2. The position of the second arc running track 10 matches the arc striking angle of the moving contact 2 to guide the arc to move along a predetermined path, thereby reducing the ablation and damage to the moving contact. A guide shaft 7 is placed in the center, passing through the center of the moving contact 2. A spiral slide groove 7-1 is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the guide shaft 7. A moving contact connector 6 is provided at the center of the moving contact 2. The moving contact connector 6 includes a slider 6-2 and a spring 6-1 sequentially arranged along the radial direction of the moving contact 2. The slider 6-2 is located on the side of the spring 6-1 close to the slide groove 7-1. The slide groove 7-1 matches the slider 6-2 of the moving contact connector 6. When the moving contact 2 moves, it guides the moving contact 2 to rotate and quickly lengthens the arc 8. The slide groove 7-1 converts the linear motion into a rotational lifting motion, so that the moving contact 2 rotates synchronously during the disconnection process. Compared with the traditional direct-acting contact, its motion trajectory is longer, which increases the arc stretching rate. At the same time, the airflow disturbance generated by the rotation enhances the gas convection in the arc extinguishing chamber, accelerates the arc cooling, and forms a double arc extinguishing effect of "mechanical stretching + airflow cooling". When the moving contact 2 rotates, it can accelerate the movement of the air flow field, enhance the effect of air blowing, and speed up the arc energy dissipation. The four arcs 8 connected in series form a spiral shape, and the arc column of the arc 8 will generate a rotating magnetic field, which accelerates the arc 8 to be cut by the grid 1 and enhances the arc energy dissipation. The multi-arc series spiral structure makes the magnetic field distribution more uniform, and the rotating magnetic field intensity is increased by 50% compared with the traditional single arc. Combined with the dense annular arrangement of the grids, the arc cutting frequency of each grid is increased from the traditional 20 times / second to more than 50 times / second, which significantly improves the arc voltage rise rate and is more suitable for high voltage scenarios above DC1500V.

[0067] In summary, the new high-performance circuit breaker provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts a single-pole structure and is centrally symmetrical as a whole. The static contacts are connected to four conductors respectively and placed above the arc extinguishing chamber. The conductors are provided with U-shaped grooves to place permanent magnets. The moving contact is connected to the moving contact connector. A spring and a slider are installed inside the moving contact connector. The guide shaft passes through the center of the moving contact. There is a slide groove on the shaft. The slider of the moving contact connector matches the slide groove on the guide shaft to guide the rotation of the moving contact. This solution adopts a direct-acting moving contact, which can quickly close and open the circuit, with a short response time, a simple structure, and reliable operation. Multiple grids are arranged in a circular ring and distributed on the outside of the arc extinguishing chamber. During operation, the moving and static contacts are separated, the moving contact is constrained by the slider, and rotates along the slide groove. The arc root of the moving contact rotates with the moving contact. When the moving contact rotates to 90 degrees, the arc root on the previous moving contact will jump to the next moving contact. The moving contact finishes rotating, and the four arc columns in series have formed a spiral shape. The arc column will generate a rotating magnetic field. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the moving contact does not move, but the arc continues to rotate. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating arc, the arc column will accelerate to move inside the grid. When the moving contact rotates, it can also enhance the gas convection in the arc extinguishing chamber, which is conducive to heat dissipation and enhance the arc energy dissipation, thereby quickly extinguishing the arc.

[0068] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A new type of high-performance circuit breaker, used in new energy power generation and energy storage systems with a rated voltage of 1500V and above, characterized by: The overall structure is centrally symmetrically distributed and includes a static contact group, a moving contact group, and an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a plurality of grid plates (1); A static contact group is provided above the arc extinguishing chamber, the static contact group comprising N static contacts (4), wherein N is an even number greater than or equal to 4; a U-shaped conductor is connected above each of the static contacts (4), and a permanent magnet (3) is provided inside the U-shaped conductor; A moving contact group is provided inside the arc extinguishing chamber, and the moving contact group is correspondingly provided below the static contact group, and the moving contact group includes N moving contacts (2); the moving contact group is connected to a moving contact connector (6), and a central opening of the moving contact group and the moving contact connector (6) is used to pass a guide shaft (7), and the moving contact group is rotatably and slidingly connected to the guide shaft (7) through the moving contact connector (6); The moving contact (2) and the static contact (4) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence to form an N-port series structure; in the closed state, the moving contact (2) contacts the static contact (4), and the moving contact connector (6) is located at the rotation and sliding starting point of the guide shaft (7); when disconnected, the moving contact (2) is separated from the static contact (4), and the moving contact (2) is driven by the moving contact connector (6) to rotate and slide downward along the guide shaft (7), so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-rotating magnetic field is generated. The direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the arc centrifugal force cooperate to drive the arc into the grid (1) to achieve arc extinguishing; wherein, each moving contact (2) of the moving contact group rotates to each of the static contact groups in turn. Under the static contact (4), when the previous moving contact (2) rotates 360 / N degrees, the next moving contact (2) rotates to the bottom of the static contact (4) corresponding to the previous moving contact (2), so that the arc root of the arc on the previous moving contact (2) jumps to the next moving contact (2), and so on. The arc rotates between 0 degrees and 360 / N degrees, so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-rotating magnetic field is generated; when the moving contact group rotates 360 degrees, the rotation ends. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the moving contact (2) does not move, but the arc continues to rotate. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating arc, the arc column accelerates to move toward the inside of the grid (1) until the arc (8) is extinguished.

2. The novel high performance circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The static contact (4) is connected to a first arc track (5); A second arc track (10) corresponding to the first arc track (5) is provided at the bottom end of the guide shaft (7), and the second arc track (10) extends to the bottom of the arc extinguishing chamber; An arc striking angle is provided at one end of the moving contact (2) away from the guide shaft (7), and the arc striking angle matches the position of the second arc running track (10). When the moving contact (2) is at the maximum opening distance, the arc striking angle contacts the second arc running track (10) to transfer the arc on the moving contact (2) to the second arc running track (10).

3. The new high performance circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value of N is 4, the static contact group and the moving contact group are both in the shape of a cross, and the four static contacts (4) and the four moving contacts (2) are symmetrically distributed in the four directions of the cross.

4. The novel high performance circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spiral slide groove (7-1) is provided on the outer wall of the guide shaft (7); a spring (6-1) and a slider (6-2) are installed inside the side of the movable contact connecting member (6) that contacts the guide shaft (7), matching the slide groove (7-1); the slider (6-2) abuts against the slide groove (7-1) under the action of the spring (6-1), and is used to guide the movable contact (2) to rotate and slide along the guide shaft (7).

5. The novel high performance circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: Four U-shaped conductors are provided, wherein two adjacent U-shaped conductors are connected via a conductor short-circuit plate (9), and the other two U-shaped conductors are the incoming line end and the outgoing line end, respectively.

6. The novel high performance circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grid piece (1) is arranged perpendicular to the arc striking angle of the moving contact (2); a side of the grid piece (1) close to the moving contact (2) is in a trumpet shape, and a concave portion thereof is an arc surface.

7. The novel high performance circuit breaker according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grid plates (1) are arranged in a number of 75-85 and are arranged in a circular ring structure. The thickness of each grid plate (1) is 1.2-1.7 mm, the inner spacing is 1-1.5 mm, the angle difference between adjacent grid plates (1) is 3-5 degrees, and the grid plates (1) are arranged in a trumpet-shaped structure, that is, narrow inside and wide outside.

8. The novel high performance circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new energy power generation and energy storage systems with a rated voltage of 1500V and above include wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems with an AC or DC rated voltage of 1500V and above.

9. A rotating arc extinguishing method, applied to the new high-performance circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: When disconnected, the moving contact (2) and the static contact (4) are separated, and an arc is formed between the moving contact (2) and the static contact (4); The moving contact (2) is driven by the moving contact connector (6) to rotate and slide downward along the guide shaft (7), and the arc root on the moving contact (2) also rotates along with the moving contact (2); Each moving contact (2) of the moving contact group rotates in sequence to the bottom of each static contact (4) of the static contact group, wherein when the previous moving contact (2) rotates 360 / N degrees, the next moving contact (2) rotates to the bottom of the static contact (4) corresponding to the previous moving contact (2), so that the arc root on the previous moving contact (2) jumps to the next moving contact (2), and so on, the arc rotates between 0 degrees and 360 / N degrees, so that a spiral arc is formed between the moving contact group and the static contact group and a self-generated rotating magnetic field is generated; When the moving contact group rotates 360 degrees, the rotation ends. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the moving contact (2) does not move, but the arc continues to rotate. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotating arc, the arc column accelerates to move inside the grid (1) until the arc (8) is extinguished.

10. The arc extinguishing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The value of N is 4, four static contacts (4) and four moving contacts (2) are provided, and the arc (8) rotates between 0 degrees and 90 degrees.

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