A 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst, its preparation method and application

Abstract

This paper discloses a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. It relates to the catalyst supported on carbon doped with Pt, its preparation method, and its application. This catalyst aims to address the poor catalytic activity and stability of existing Pt / C catalysts. The catalyst consists of Pt nanoparticles supported on an M-R bicomponent carbon support, where M is Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn, and R is Ce, Nd, or Gd. Preparation method: M and R ions are complexed with a nitrogen source ligand on a carbon surface and then carbonized at high temperature to obtain the M-R bicomponent carbon support. Then, Pt is loaded using a microwave reduction method to obtain the M-R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst. The mass activities of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC and Pt / Co-Ce-NC are 0.27 and 0.22 A / mg, respectively. Pt It is 2.8 and 2.3 times that of Pt / C, and can be used in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the preparation method and application of catalysts using doped carbon as a carrier to support Pt nanoparticles, belonging to the field of new energy materials. Background Technology

[0002] Platinum (Pt), as an inert metal, is the most widely used proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode (ORR) catalyst due to its inherent properties and moderate adsorption energy for oxygen reduction reaction intermediates. However, the insufficient activity and stability of the most commonly used commercial Pt / C catalysts have not yet been fully resolved.

[0003] In recent years, researchers have continuously developed novel Pt / M-NC catalysts (PGMs) using non-precious metal M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, etc.) doped with nitrogen and carbon (M-NC) as supports. Compared to traditional Pt / C catalysts, M-NCs can form synergistic catalytic and anchoring effects on Pt sites, enabling Pt / M-NCs to exhibit superior catalytic performance in ORR catalysis. However, current Pt / M-NC catalyst structures still suffer from insufficient activity, and the stability of Pt / M-NC catalysts requires further improvement due to the tendency of Pt and M-NCs to undergo demetallization under acidic conditions. Furthermore, most M-NC materials at present are derived from MOFs, hindering large-scale production and application. These factors significantly limit the performance and application of Pt / M-NC catalysts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to address the technical problem of poor catalytic activity and stability of existing Pt-based catalysts by providing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. This invention uses a 3d transition metal M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn)-rare earth metal R (Ce, Nd, or Gd) bicomponent carbon-supported catalyst (MR-NC) as a support. Pt is loaded using a microwave reduction method to obtain an MR bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst (Pt / MR-NC). This catalyst exhibits significantly higher activity and stability than the Pt / C catalyst, and also demonstrates excellent performance in fuel cell applications.

[0005] The 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst of the present invention comprises Pt nanoparticles uniformly supported on a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon support, denoted as MR-NC, wherein M and R exist in atomically dispersed form, M being Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn, and R being Ce, Nd, or Gd; the mass percentage of M in the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst is 5%–15%, the mass percentage of R is 1%–10%, and the mass percentage of Pt is 5%–40%.

[0006] The preparation method of the above-mentioned 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] I. Preparation of 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon support (MR-NC): Carbon powder was added to anhydrous alcohol solvent and ultrasonically stirred until the carbon powder was uniformly dispersed to obtain mixture A; then, a non-noble metal M salt solution, R salt solution, and ligand solution were added dropwise to mixture A in sequence, and after the addition was completed, mixture B was obtained; mixture B was stirred at room temperature for 1-2 hours to allow the complexes of M salt, R salt, and ligand to grow on carbon; then mixture B was evaporated to dryness under water bath conditions to obtain the precursor; the precursor was ground uniformly and placed in a high-temperature furnace under an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 650-1050℃ for 1-5 hours for carbonization treatment. After natural cooling, it was ground uniformly to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon support, denoted as MR-NC; wherein the ligand solution was prepared by dissolving o-phenanthroline, o-bipyridine, or dimethylimidazole in anhydrous alcohol solvent;

[0008] II. Microwave Reduction of Pt: A 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component carbon support was added to a dispersion and dispersed evenly. Then, chloroplatinic acid solution was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically stirred to homogenize the slurry, resulting in a mixed solution C. The pH of the mixed solution C was adjusted to alkaline, and an inert gas was introduced to remove oxygen from the solution. Microwave reduction was performed, and after natural cooling, the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to acidic and stirred for 8–24 hours. After filtration and washing, the solution was vacuum dried and ground evenly to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst, denoted as Pt / MR-NC.

[0009] Furthermore, the toner mentioned in step one is XC-72C, Ecp-600jd, Ec-300, or BP-2000.

[0010] Furthermore, the non-precious metal M salt solution mentioned in step one is prepared by dissolving cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, or zinc nitrate in an anhydrous alcohol solvent.

[0011] Furthermore, the R salt solution mentioned in step one is prepared by dissolving gadolinium chloride, gadolinium sulfate, neodymium nitrate, cerium nitrate, or cerium chloride in an anhydrous alcohol solvent;

[0012] Furthermore, in the mixture B described in step one, the concentration of carbon powder is 0.3–2 g / L, the concentration of 3d transition metal M salt is 0.001–0.01 mol / L, the concentration of rare earth metal R salt is 0.001–0.01 mol / L, and the concentration of ligand is 0.005–0.05 mol / L.

[0013] Furthermore, the inert atmosphere mentioned in step one is Ar or N2.

[0014] The application of the aforementioned 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst is its application in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of a fuel cell.

[0015] The advantages of this invention over the prior art are as follows:

[0016] (1) This invention can combine traditional carbon supports with M / RN x A Pt / MR-NC catalyst was obtained by combining MR-NC support and then loading Pt onto the MR-NC support via microwave reduction.

[0017] (2) Using o-phenanthroline, o-bispyridine, or dimethylimidazole as ligands, complexes of both M and R salts with the ligands are grown on the carbon surface. By controlling the carbonization conditions of the precursor, the prepared carbon support MR-NC contains not only abundant M-Nx structures but also R-Nx structures; R-Nx and MN X The structure can act as an electron donor, providing electrons to the Pt active site, reducing the binding energy between the Pt active site and the oxygen intermediate, promoting the desorption process of the oxygen intermediate at the active site, and thus promoting the oxygen reduction reaction; at the same time, the R-Nx structure can effectively inhibit the demetallization process of M-Nx and PtNPs, thereby effectively improving the activity and stability of the Pt / MR-NC catalyst.

[0018] (3) The 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst of the present invention has good applicability to fuel cells, which makes the catalyst also have excellent performance in fuel cells. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1This is a TEM image of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 2 The images show the XRD patterns of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the XPS full spectrum of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a fine XPS spectrum fitted to the N1s characteristic peak of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 5 The ORR polarization diagrams are of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Co-Ce-NC prepared in Example 2, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0024] Figure 6 The mass ratio activity diagrams are for Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1, Pt / Co-Ce-NC prepared in Example 2, Pt / Fe-NC prepared in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0025] Figure 7 These are ORR polarization diagrams of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 before and after aging;

[0026] Figure 8 The graph shows the mass ratio activity of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 and Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 before and after aging.

[0027] Figure 9 These are the polarization diagrams of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC fuel cells prepared in Example 1, the Pt / Fe-NC fuel cells prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the Pt / C fuel cells prepared in Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but it is not limited thereto. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solution of the present invention that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: The preparation method of the Fe-Ce bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0030] I. Preparation of Fe-Ce Bicomponent Doped Carbon Support (Fe-Ce-NC): 100 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was added to 60 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, sonicated for 1 h, and stirred for 12 h to ensure uniform dispersion of the carbon powder, yielding mixture A; 56 mg of ferrous sulfate and 43 mg of cerium nitrate were dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent to obtain ferrous sulfate-methanol solution and cerium nitrate-methanol solution, respectively; 108 mg of o-phenanthroline was added to 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, sonicated for 0.5 h, and then stirred to ensure complete dissolution, yielding o-phenanthroline solution; then ferrous sulfate- Methanol solution, cerium nitrate-methanol solution, and o-phenanthroline-methanol solution were sequentially added dropwise to mixture A, resulting in mixture B. Mixture B was stirred at 25°C for 1 hour to allow the complex of iron / cerium ions with the ligand o-phenanthroline to grow on carbon. Mixture B was then evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 70°C to obtain a precursor. The precursor was ground uniformly and placed in a high-temperature furnace under an Ar atmosphere at 800°C for 2.5 hours for carbonization. After natural cooling, it was ground uniformly to obtain a Fe-Ce bicomponent doped carbon support, denoted as Fe-Ce-NC.

[0031] II. Microwave Reduction of Pt: 40 mg Fe-Ce-NC was added to 40 ml of an ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 60 min for dispersion. The volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution was 4:1. Then, 1.335 ml of a 0.0384 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically stirred to homogenize the slurry, obtaining mixture C. Using 1 mol / L... -1 The pH of the mixture C was adjusted to 12 using NaOH-ethylene glycol solution, and nitrogen gas was introduced to remove dissolved air from the solution to protect it. The mixture was then microwaved for 90 seconds. After natural cooling, the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 2 using nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 8 hours. After filtration and washing three times, the mixture was vacuum dried at 70°C for 10 hours and ground until homogeneous to obtain the Fe-Ce-NC supported Pt catalyst, denoted as Pt / Fe-Ce-NC.

[0032] TEM images of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in this embodiment are shown below. Figure 1 As shown, by Figure 1 It can be seen that the Pt particles are uniformly distributed on the Fe-Ce-NC surface, with a particle size of 2-3 nm.

[0033] Example 2: The preparation method of the Co-Ce bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0034] I. Preparation of Co-Ce Bicomponent Doped Carbon Support (Co-Ce-NC): 100 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was added to 60 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, sonicated for 1 h, and stirred for 12 h to disperse the carbon powder evenly, obtaining mixture A; 58 mg of cobalt nitrate and 43 mg of cerium nitrate were dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent to obtain cobalt nitrate-methanol solution and cerium nitrate-methanol solution, respectively; 108 mg of o-phenanthroline was added to 10 mL of anhydrous alcohol solvent, sonicated for 0.5 h, and then stirred to fully dissolve, obtaining o-phenanthroline solution; then cobalt nitrate-methanol... Solution, cerium nitrate-methanol solution, and o-phenanthroline-methanol solution were sequentially added dropwise to mixture A. After the addition was complete, mixture B was obtained. Mixture B was stirred at 25°C for 1 hour to allow the complex of iron / cerium ions and ligand o-phenanthroline to grow on carbon. Then, mixture B was evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 70°C to obtain the precursor. The precursor was ground uniformly and placed in a high-temperature furnace under an Ar atmosphere at 800°C for 2.5 hours for carbonization treatment. After natural cooling, it was ground uniformly to obtain a Co-Ce bicomponent doped carbon support, denoted as Co-Ce-NC.

[0035] II. Microwave Reduction of Pt: 40 mg Co-Ce-NC was added to 40 ml of an ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 60 min for dispersion. The volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution was 4:1. Then, 1.335 ml of a 0.0384 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically stirred to homogenize the slurry, obtaining mixture C. Using 1 mol / L... -1 The pH of the mixture C was adjusted to 12 using NaOH-ethylene glycol solution, and nitrogen gas was introduced to remove dissolved air from the solution to protect it. The mixture was then microwaved for 90 seconds. After natural cooling, the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 2 using nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 8 hours. After filtration and washing three times, the mixture was vacuum dried at 70°C for 10 hours and ground until homogeneous to obtain the Co-Ce-NC supported Pt catalyst, denoted as Pt / Co-Ce-NC.

[0036] Comparative Example 1: In this comparative example, chloroplatinic acid was reduced to Pt nanoparticles via a microwave-assisted ethylene glycol method and then loaded onto a Fe-doped carbon support to prepare the oxygen reduction catalyst Pt / Fe-NC. The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0037] I. Preparation of Fe-doped carbon support (Fe-NC): 100 mg of carbon powder Ecp-600jd was added to 60 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent, sonicated for 1 h, and stirred for 12 h to disperse the carbon powder evenly, obtaining mixture A; 56 mg of ferrous sulfate was dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous methanol solvent to obtain ferrous sulfate-methanol solution; 108 mg of o-phenanthroline was added to 10 mL of anhydrous alcohol solvent, sonicated for 0.5 h, and then stirred to fully dissolve, obtaining o-phenanthroline solution; then the ferrous sulfate-methanol solution... The o-phenanthroline-methanol solution was added dropwise to mixture A, and after the addition was complete, mixture B was obtained. Mixture B was stirred at 25°C for 1 hour to allow the complex of iron ions and ligand o-phenanthroline to grow on carbon. Then, mixture B was evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 70°C to obtain the precursor. The precursor was ground uniformly and placed in a high-temperature furnace under an Ar atmosphere at 800°C for 2.5 hours for carbonization treatment. After natural cooling, it was ground uniformly to obtain the Fe single-component doped carbon support, denoted as Fe-NC.

[0038] II. Microwave Reduction of Pt: 40 mg Fe-NC was added to 40 ml of an ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 60 min for dispersion. The volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in the ethylene glycol-isopropanol mixed solution was 4:1. Then, 1.335 ml of a 0.0384 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically stirred to homogenize the slurry, obtaining mixture C. Using 1 mol / L... -1 The pH of the mixture C was adjusted to 12 using NaOH-ethylene glycol solution, and nitrogen gas was introduced to remove dissolved air from the solution to protect it. The mixture was then microwaved for 90 seconds. After natural cooling, the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 2 using nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 8 hours. After filtration and washing three times, the mixture was vacuum dried at 70°C for 10 hours and ground until homogeneous to obtain the Fe-NC supported Pt catalyst, denoted as Pt / Fe-NC.

[0039] Comparative Example 2: In this comparative example, chloroplatinic acid was directly reduced to Pt nanoparticles via a microwave-assisted ethylene glycol method and then supported on a traditional carbon support to prepare the oxygen reduction catalyst Pt / C. The specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0040] Dissolve 40 mg of Ecp-600jd toner in 60 ml of a 4:1 volume ratio of ethylene glycol to isopropanol in a mixed solution. Sonicate for 120 min, then add 0.95 ml of a 0.0485 mol / L chloroplatinic acid-ethylene glycol solution and continue sonicating to ensure thorough mixing. Subsequently, use 1 mol / L... -1After adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to 12 with NaOH-ethylene glycol solution, nitrogen gas was introduced into the mixed solution to remove dissolved air and protect the solution. The mixed solution was then microwaved for 100 seconds. After cooling, the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2 with nitric acid-ethylene glycol solution and stirred for 12 hours. The mixed solution was then filtered and washed three times. The filter residue was removed and placed in a vacuum drying oven at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain the Pt / C catalyst, which was then ground and bottled for later use.

[0041] The XRD patterns of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in Example 1, the Pt / Fe-NC catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the Pt / C catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2 are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, by Figure 2 It can be seen that the particles on the Fe-Ce-NC support are Pt particles, and no characteristic peaks of Fe / Ce particles or oxides appear in the XRD pattern of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC. Combined with the full XPS spectrum of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC, as shown below... Figure 3 As shown, it can be demonstrated that the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 contains Fe and Ce elements, and from... Figure 4 The fitting results of the characteristic peak corresponding to N1s can prove that the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 contains the metal MN substance. Therefore, it can be shown that Fe / Ce on the Fe-Ce-NC support exists in the form of Fe-Nx / Ce-Nx, rather than Fe particles, Ce particles or their oxides.

[0042] ORR polarization tests were performed on the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in Example 1, the Pt / Co-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in Example 2, the Pt / Fe-NC catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the Pt / C catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2. The obtained ORR polarization curves are shown below. Figure 5 As shown, from Figure 5 It can be seen that under the same test conditions, the half-wave potential (E) of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC and Pt / Co-Ce-NC is different. 1 / 2 The values ​​were 0.927V and 0.920V, respectively, higher than those of Pt / Fe-NC (0.912V) and Pt / C (0.885V); the mass activity was as follows: Figure 6 As shown, from Figure 6 It can be seen that the mass activity (MA) of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC is 0.27 mA / μg. Pt It is approximately 2.8 times that of Pt / C; the mass activity (MA) of Pt / Co-Ce-NC is 0.22 A / mg. Pt It is approximately 2.3 times that of Pt / C.

[0043] ORR aging tests of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst prepared in Example 1 and the Pt / C catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2: ORR polarization curves before and after aging are shown below. Figure 7 As shown, after 30,000 cycles of accelerated aging testing, the Et / Fe-Ce-NC catalyst... 1 / 2 The reduction was only 7 mV, far less than that of Pt / C (which reduced by 35 mV); the mass ratio activity of the Pt / Fe-Ce-NC prepared in Example 1 and the Pt / C prepared in Comparative Example 2 before and after aging is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, from Figure 8 It can be seen that after 30,000 cycles of accelerated aging test, the mass activity retention rate of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC is as high as 86.9%, which fully demonstrates that its stability is much better than that of Pt / C (56.3%). Therefore, it can be concluded that the catalyst with bicomponent doped carbon as support has superior ORR catalytic activity and stability.

[0044] The polarization curves of the fuel cells prepared by Pt / Fe-Ce-NC in Example 1, Pt / Fe-NC in Comparative Example 1, and Pt / C in Comparative Example 2 are shown below. Figure 9 As shown, from Figure 9 It can be seen that the peak power density of Pt / Fe-Ce-NC is 2.2 W / cm². 2 The peak power density of Pt / Fe-NC is 1.9 W / cm³. 2 All of them are higher than Pt / C (1.8 W / cm³) in Comparative Example 1. 2 Therefore, it can be concluded that catalysts with two-component carbon doping as the support also have superior performance in fuel cell applications.

[0045] The M / R element in the 3d transition metal M-doped carbon MR-NC of this invention is at the atomic level. x M / RN exists in a form that is atomically dispersed within the carrier. x It can effectively regulate the adsorption capacity of Pt nanoparticles for reaction intermediates, thereby modulating catalyst activity; the M / RN in the support x It can serve as a deposition site for Pt, which is beneficial for the uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the support surface; at the same time, RN x The structure can effectively inhibit MN x The demetallization process of Pt NPs effectively improves the stability of the Pt / M-NC catalyst. The strong superoxide dismutase (SMSI) interaction between the MR-NC support and Pt NPs significantly enhances its catalytic activity and stability compared to the Pt / C catalyst. Furthermore, the MR-NC support exhibits good applicability in fuel cell applications, enabling the Pt / MR-NC catalyst to demonstrate excellent performance in fuel cells.

Claims

1. A 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst, characterized in that, The catalyst consists of Pt nanoparticles uniformly supported on a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component carbon support, denoted as MR-NC. M and R exist in atomically dispersed form, and MR-NC contains M-Nx and R-Nx structures. M is Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn, and R is Ce, Nd, or Gd. The mass percentage of M in the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst is 5%~15%, the mass percentage of R is 1%~10%, and the mass percentage of Pt is 5%~40%.

2. The method for preparing the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, This method is performed in the following steps: I. Preparation of 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon support MR-NC: Carbon powder was added to anhydrous alcohol solvent and ultrasonically stirred until the carbon powder was uniformly dispersed to obtain mixture A; then, non-noble metal M salt solution, R salt solution and ligand solution were added dropwise to mixture A in sequence, and after the addition was completed, mixture B was obtained; mixture B was stirred at room temperature for 1-2 hours to allow the complexes of M salt, R salt and ligand to grow on carbon; then mixture B was evaporated to dryness under water bath conditions to obtain the precursor; the precursor was ground uniformly and placed in a high-temperature furnace under an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 650-1050℃ for 1-5 hours for carbonization treatment. After natural cooling, it was ground uniformly to obtain the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component doped carbon support, denoted as MR-NC; The ligand solution is prepared by dissolving o-phenanthroline, o-bipyridine, or dimethylimidazole in an anhydrous alcohol solvent; II. Microwave reduction of Pt: A 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R dual-component doped carbon support is added to a dispersion solution and dispersed evenly. Then, chloroplatinic acid solution is added and ultrasonically stirred to make the slurry uniform, resulting in a mixed solution C. The pH of the mixed solution C is adjusted to alkaline and inert gas is introduced to remove oxygen from the solution. After microwave reduction and natural cooling, the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to acidic and stirred for 8-24 hours. After filtration and washing, it was vacuum dried and ground uniformly to obtain a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst, denoted as Pt / MR-NC.

3. The method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that, The toner mentioned in step one is XC-72C, Ecp-600jd, Ec-300, or BP-2000.

4. A method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The non-precious metal M salt solution mentioned in step one is prepared by dissolving cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, or zinc nitrate in anhydrous alcohol solvent.

5. A method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The R salt solution mentioned in step one is prepared by dissolving gadolinium chloride, gadolinium sulfate, neodymium nitrate, cerium nitrate, or cerium chloride in an anhydrous alcohol solvent.

6. A method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, In the mixture B described in step one, the concentration of carbon powder is 0.3~2 g / L, the concentration of 3d transition metal M salt is 0.001~0.01 mol / L, the concentration of rare earth metal R salt is 0.001~0.01 mol / L, and the concentration of ligand is 0.005~0.05 mol / L.

7. A method for preparing a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The inert atmosphere mentioned in step one is Ar or N2.

8. The application of the 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R bicomponent carbon-supported Pt catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, This application is the use of a 3d transition metal M-rare earth metal R two-component carbon-supported Pt catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of a fuel cell.

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