Power device of hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC

Abstract

The invention provides a power device of a hydrogen fuel cell based on a PEMFC, which belongs to the technical field of fuel cells and comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, a cooling system and a control system, the hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen storage tank, the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected with an electromagnetic valve through a pipeline, the output end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with a pressure regulator through a pipeline, and the output end of the pressure regulator conveys hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen pipeline. And a pressure sensor is mounted on the pressure regulator. Through accurate adjustment of the intelligent control system, cooperative work of all the systems is achieved, efficient and stable operation of the fuel cell stack is guaranteed, the reliability and energy efficiency of the whole system are improved, and meanwhile the influence of unstable factors such as overheating and pressure fluctuation on the performance of the cell stack is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a power device of a hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are efficient and clean energy conversion devices that generate electricity through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and their only emission is water. Therefore, they are regarded as an important part of future sustainable energy solutions. The PEMFC system is mainly composed of a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, a cooling system and a control system, which work together to achieve stable and efficient power output. Its wide application prospects include transportation (such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles), distributed power generation, portable energy equipment and other fields. It has significant environmental protection, low noise and high efficiency, and can effectively deal with the energy crisis and environmental pollution problems caused by traditional fossil energy.

[0003] Although PEMFC technology has made significant progress in recent years, the existing technology still faces multiple challenges and defects, which limit its widespread popularity in practical applications; first, the stability of the hydrogen supply system is poor, and it is impossible to accurately adjust the hydrogen flow under different load conditions, which affects the performance of the battery stack. Secondly, the air supply system may not be able to provide enough oxygen under high load, resulting in reduced battery efficiency. The efficiency of the cooling system is also low, which can easily cause the battery stack to overheat, affecting its life and performance. The integration between the subsystems of the system is not high, and the layout is scattered, which increases the size and weight of the equipment and reduces the coordination of the system. Finally, the control system lacks intelligent adjustment and cannot dynamically optimize the system operation according to environmental changes, resulting in low energy efficiency and difficult troubleshooting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0005] In view of the above problems and / or the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an efficient, stable and intelligent PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell power device, which solves the problems of hydrogen supply, air supply, cooling system efficiency, system integration and intelligent control in the prior art by optimizing the integration and coordination between the various systems, and improves the overall performance and reliability.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a power device of a hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC, comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, a cooling system and a control system;

[0008] The hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen storage tank, the output end of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to a solenoid valve through a pipeline, the output end of the solenoid valve is connected to a pressure regulator through a pipeline, the output end of the pressure regulator transports hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen pipeline, and a pressure sensor is installed on the pressure regulator;

[0009] The air supply system comprises an air compressor, the output end of the air compressor is connected to an air filter through a pipeline, the output end of the air filter is connected to an air preheater through a pipeline, the output end of the air preheater is connected to an air flow regulating valve through a pipeline, and the output end of the air flow regulating valve is connected to the oxygen inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline;

[0010] The cooling system includes a heat exchanger, the output end of the heat exchanger is connected to a cooling pipe, and the cooling pipe is provided with multiple sections. The output end of the cooling pipe connected to the heat exchanger is connected to a cooling pump, the output end of the cooling pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack through another section of the cooling pipe, and the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the input end of the heat exchanger through another section of the cooling pipe.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell power device described in the present invention, a current sensor is installed on the output end of the fuel cell stack, and the current sensor is used to monitor the current output by the fuel cell stack in real time and feed back the monitoring data to the control system.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell power device described in the present invention, temperature sensors are installed on the cooling pipes at the coolant inlet and coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack to monitor the temperature of the coolant in real time and feed back the temperature data to the control system.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell power device described in the present invention, the control system includes a central processing unit, which is connected to the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and current sensor through signal lines, and receives and processes the data fed back by these sensors in real time to adjust the operating status of each system. The central processing unit is also connected to the solenoid valve, pressure regulator, and airflow regulating valve through electrical signal connections.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell power device of the present invention, the cooling pipeline is provided with a coolant and a phase change material module mixed in a certain proportion so as to work together in the cooling system to adjust the temperature.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the power device of the PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention, the hydrogen supply system further includes a hydrogen filter, and the hydrogen filter is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank and the solenoid valve.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the PEMFC-based hydrogen fuel cell power device of the present invention, the air supply system also includes an air flow sensor, which is installed between the air preheater and the air flow regulating valve and is located in the air duct.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] (1) The present invention provides an efficient and stable hydrogen fuel cell power device based on PEMFC. By accurately controlling the parameters of the hydrogen supply system, air supply system and cooling system, the system is ensured to always maintain the best operating state under different working conditions, avoiding the degradation of battery stack performance or shortening of life due to unstable airflow or excessive temperature. The intelligent control system monitors the data of each sensor in real time and can dynamically adjust the hydrogen flow, air flow and coolant flow, thereby optimizing the overall energy efficiency and battery stack output.

[0019] (2) The present invention uses an efficient cooling system and a reasonable mixed configuration of coolant and phase change material modules to effectively adjust the temperature of the fuel cell stack, avoid overheating, and enhance the reliability and durability of the system. The intelligent adjustment of the control system ensures the precise operation of the system, avoids excessive or low pressure, temperature and flow, ensures the stable operation of the equipment, and improves the overall energy utilization rate.

[0020] (3) Through precise regulation and efficient system coordination, the present invention not only improves the efficiency of hydrogen supply, air supply and cooling, but also significantly improves the safety of the system and prevents the occurrence of system failures. Its optimized design meets the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection, has high practical value, and provides important support for promoting the application of green energy technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. Fuel cell stack; 11. Current sensor; 2. Hydrogen supply system; 21. Hydrogen storage tank; 22. Solenoid valve; 23. Pressure regulator; 24. Pressure sensor; 3. Air supply system; 31. Air compressor; 32. Air filter; 33. Air preheater; 34. Air flow control valve; 4. Cooling system; 41. Heat exchanger; 42. Cooling pipe; 43. Cooling pump; 44. Temperature sensor; 5. Control system; 51. Central processing unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0027] Example

[0028] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a power device of a hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC, including a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen supply system 2, an air supply system 3, a cooling system 4 and a control system 5.

[0029] Specifically, the hydrogen supply system 2 is responsible for providing stable hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1. The hydrogen supply system 2 includes a hydrogen storage tank 21, a solenoid valve 22, a pressure regulator 23 and a pressure sensor 24. The hydrogen storage tank 21 adopts a new type of high-efficiency hydrogen storage material (such as metal organic framework MOF material), which has a high hydrogen storage density and can effectively improve the storage capacity of hydrogen. The hydrogen storage tank 21 outputs hydrogen to the solenoid valve 22 through a pipeline. The solenoid valve 22 controls the flow of hydrogen to ensure that hydrogen is released and supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 as needed. The solenoid valve 22 performs real-time feedback adjustment through the air pressure sensor and the electronic control unit (ECU) to ensure that the hydrogen pressure is within the set range to avoid excessive or insufficient pressure affecting the system operation.

[0030] The pressure regulator 23 is connected to the middle of the hydrogen pipeline and is responsible for adjusting the supply pressure of hydrogen to make it suitable for entering the fuel cell stack 1. The pressure regulator 23 uses a proportional valve for intelligent adjustment, and the specific pressure value automatically changes according to the needs of the battery stack to ensure that the pressure of hydrogen is maintained at an optimal value at each stage. A pressure sensor 24 is installed on the pressure regulator 23 to monitor the pressure of hydrogen in real time and feed the data back to the control system 5, and make necessary adjustments to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell stack. In addition, the hydrogen leakage monitoring system includes multiple sensors installed at the junction of the hydrogen pipeline and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank. If a leak occurs, the sensor will immediately report to the control system, and the solenoid valve will automatically close to prevent safety hazards caused by hydrogen leakage.

[0031] The air supply system 3 is used to provide sufficient oxygen for the fuel cell stack 1 to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell stack 1. The air supply system 3 includes a variable frequency air compressor 31, an air filter 32, an air preheater 33 and an air flow regulating valve 34. The air compressor 31 sucks in and compresses external air through a pipeline, and the compressed air enters the air filter 32 through a pipeline. The filter 32 removes impurities in the air to ensure the purity of the air. The filtered air enters the air preheater 33, and is heated by the heat exchange pipe in the waste heat recovery system to prevent low-temperature air from affecting the performance of the fuel cell stack, and the heated air is sent to the air flow regulating valve 34. The air flow regulating valve 34 adjusts the air flow according to the load demand, and finally delivers oxygen to the oxygen inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.

[0032] The cooling system 4 is used to regulate the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1, ensuring that the system operates at an appropriate temperature and avoiding overheating that affects battery performance. The cooling system 4 includes a heat exchanger 41, a cooling pipe 42, a cooling pump 43 and an intelligent temperature control valve. The heat exchanger 41 transfers the heat of the battery stack 1 to the external environment through the coolant, and the coolant circulates through the cooling pipe 42. The cooling pump 43 pushes the coolant to circulate in the system and delivers it to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1. After absorbing the heat of the battery stack 1, the coolant flows out and returns to the heat exchanger 41 through the cooling pipe 42 for heat exchange. The cooling pipe 42 is mixed with coolant and phase change material module PCM in a certain proportion, and the heat storage and release characteristics of the phase change material are used to further optimize the cooling effect and ensure that the battery stack 1 operates stably within a suitable temperature range. The intelligent temperature control valve is installed in the liquid cooling system pipeline to adjust the coolant flow in real time to adapt to different heat loads.

[0033] The control system 5 monitors and adjusts the working state of each system in real time through the central processing unit 51. The central processing unit 51 is connected to the pressure sensor 24, the temperature sensor 44 and the current sensor 11 through the signal line, receives and processes the data fed back by each sensor in real time, and adjusts the hydrogen flow, air flow and coolant flow according to these data. In addition, the central processing unit 51 is also connected to the solenoid valve 22, the pressure regulator 23 and the air flow regulating valve 34 through electrical signals to ensure that each component works in coordination, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the system. The fuel cell stack 1 monitors the current at its output end through the current sensor 11, and the current sensor 11 feeds back the real-time monitored current data to the control system 5 so as to adjust the system working state and ensure that the output power meets the demand. The cooling pipe 42 at the coolant inlet and coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor 44 for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the coolant, and feeding back the temperature data to the control system 5 so as to timely adjust the working state of the cooling system 4 and keep the fuel cell stack 1 running within the optimal temperature range.

[0034] The design of the present invention achieves efficient coordination of various systems through precise adjustment of the hydrogen supply system, air supply system, cooling system and intelligent control system. Key parameters such as hydrogen pressure, air flow, coolant temperature, etc. can be monitored and dynamically adjusted in real time to ensure the operating efficiency and stability of the system. In addition, the use of modular design and high-efficiency hydrogen storage materials significantly improves the energy efficiency and safety of the system, and each system component is connected through a standardized interface to facilitate system integration, maintenance and upgrading. This integrated design effectively improves the reliability and operating life of the system, reduces problems such as overheating, pressure fluctuations and unstable oxygen supply, and significantly optimizes the performance of the overall power system.

[0035] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0036] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0037] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0038] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell power device based on PEMFC, characterized in that: It comprises a fuel cell stack (1), a hydrogen supply system (2), an air supply system (3), a cooling system (4) and a control system (5); The hydrogen supply system (2) comprises a hydrogen storage tank (21), the output end of the hydrogen storage tank (21) is connected to a solenoid valve (22) via a pipeline, the output end of the solenoid valve (22) is connected to a pressure regulator (23) via a pipeline, the output end of the pressure regulator (23) transports hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) via a hydrogen pipeline, and a pressure sensor (24) is installed on the pressure regulator (23); The air supply system (3) comprises an air compressor (31), the output end of the air compressor (31) is connected to an air filter (32) via a pipeline, the output end of the air filter (32) is connected to an air preheater (33) via a pipeline, the output end of the air preheater (33) is connected to an air flow regulating valve (34) via a pipeline, and the output end of the air flow regulating valve (34) is connected to the oxygen inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) via a pipeline; The cooling system (4) comprises a heat exchanger (41), the output end of the heat exchanger (41) is connected to a cooling pipe (42), and the cooling pipe (42) is provided with a plurality of sections, the output end of the cooling pipe (42) connected to the heat exchanger (41) is connected to a cooling pump (43), the output end of the cooling pump (43) is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) through another section of the cooling pipe (42), and the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the input end of the heat exchanger (41) through another section of the cooling pipe (42).

2. The power device of the hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A current sensor (11) is installed on the output end of the fuel cell stack (1), and the current sensor (11) is used to monitor the current output by the fuel cell stack (1) in real time and feed back the monitoring data to the control system (5).

3. The power device of the hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Temperature sensors (44) are installed on the cooling pipes (42) at the coolant inlet and outlet ends of the fuel cell stack (1) to monitor the temperature of the coolant in real time and feed back the temperature data to the control system (5).

4. The power device of the hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The control system (5) comprises a central processing unit (51), which is connected to a pressure sensor (24), a temperature sensor (44), and a current sensor (11) via signal lines, and receives and processes data fed back by these sensors in real time to adjust the operating status of each system. The central processing unit (51) is also connected to a solenoid valve (22), a pressure regulator (23), and an airflow regulating valve (34) via electrical signal connections.

5. The power device of the hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling pipe (42) contains a coolant and a phase change material module (PCM) mixed in a certain proportion so as to work together in the cooling system (4) to adjust the temperature.

6. The power device of the hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply system (2) further comprises a hydrogen filter, wherein the hydrogen filter is arranged between the hydrogen storage tank (21) and the solenoid valve (22).

7. The power device of the hydrogen fuel cell based on PEMFC as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The air supply system (3) further comprises an air flow sensor, which is installed between the air preheater (33) and the air flow regulating valve (34) and is located in the air duct.

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