Method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, crushing sunflower seed meal with shells, and carrying out steam explosion treatment; step 2, carrying out enzymolysis by adopting a compound enzyme; step 3, fermenting by adopting saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acid protease; and 4, performing low-temperature drying, crushing, packaging and warehousing. The fiber degradation rate can reach 80% and the reducing sugar content can reach 10% (under 8% of moisture) after steam explosion treatment and cellulose compound enzyme treatment, so that the influence of the fiber on the application proportion is solved, and the energy value is also improved; through synergistic fermentation of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and acid protease, the protein content of the product is increased, the protein is degraded into small peptides, the digestibility of the sunflower seed meal is increased, in addition, lactic acid generated by the lactic acid bacteria and the fragrance of the yeast can improve the palatability of the fermented sunflower seed meal, and the application of the sunflower seed meal in livestock and poultry breeding is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sunflower seed meal fermentation, and particularly to a method for preparing fermented sunflower seed meal feed. Background Art

[0003] At present, there have been some studies on the application of using sunflower seed meal to replace soybean meal, and it has also been shown that sunflower seed meal is a relatively good alternative protein raw material, but the replacement ratio is relatively low. The main reasons are as follows: 1) The cellulose content in sunflower seed meal is relatively high, and the protein is lower than that of soybean meal. A too large replacement ratio will affect the feed intake of livestock and poultry; 2) Its lysine content is low and the effective energy value is low; 3) It contains a small amount of antinutritional factor chlorogenic acid, which has an inhibitory effect on the activities of trypsin, amylase and lipase, and will reduce the digestibility of sunflower seed meal.

[0004] Enzymolysis and fermentation are currently effective ways to improve the utilization rate of non-grain feed resources. For example, Chinese Patent CN115340988B provides a composite enzyme preparation composed of phytase, neutral protease, xylanase and cellulase, which is used to degrade antinutritional factors such as phytic acid, protease inhibitor, non-starch polysaccharide, etc. in sunflower seed meal to degrade the crude fiber content and improve the digestion and utilization rate of sunflower seed meal. However, the degradation effect of this composite enzyme is still relatively poor, the crude fiber degradation rate is low, and the highest content of reducing sugar is only 2.82%. At the same time, the problems of low chlorogenic acid and protein have not been solved yet. Chinese Patent CN114027435A provides a method for fermenting a composite nutrient source of sunflower seed meal, and then using Bacillus subtilis producing cellulose-degrading enzyme in combination with yeast and Trichoderma longibrachiatum to ferment and degrade antinutritional factors such as crude fiber, chlorogenic acid and phytic acid in sunflower meal. This method requires the cooperation of other nutrient substances, with high cost and inconvenient operation. It degrades antinutritional factors by the enzymes produced by fermentation, with a long fermentation time and poor effect, and the degradation rate is only 30%-40%. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing fermented sunflower seed meal feed in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A method for preparing fermented sunflower seed meal feed is provided, including the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, crush the shelled sunflower seed meal to pass through a 40-50 mesh sieve and then perform steam explosion treatment to obtain the material to be enzymolyzed;

[0009] Step 2: Combine cellulase, hemicellulase, and xylanase to form a cellulose complex enzyme preparation, and then mix and enzymatically hydrolyze according to the mass ratio of material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed: water: complex enzyme of (5-10):(2-5):0.01.

[0010] Step 3: After three-stage expansion culture of yeast and lactic acid bacteria, inoculate 5-10% of yeast, 4-6% of lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% of acidic protease based on the mass of the enzymolysis product.

[0011] Step 4: Dry at low temperature, pulverize, and then pack and store in the warehouse.

[0012] Furthermore, the conditions for steam explosion treatment are as follows: the explosion temperature is 180-220 °C, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 2-3 min.

[0013] Furthermore, the cellulose complex enzyme preparation includes 100,000 U / g cellulase, 100,000 U / g hemicellulase, and 100,000 U / g xylanase with a mass ratio of (50-60):(10-20):(20-30).

[0014] Furthermore, in Step 2, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 40-45 °C, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 24-36 h.

[0015] Furthermore, in Step 3, the fermentation temperature is 37-38 °C, and the fermentation time is 24-36 h.

[0016] Furthermore, the enzyme activity of the acidic protease is 100,000 U / g.

[0017] The present invention adopts the above technical solutions. Compared with the prior art, it has the following technical effects:

[0018] The preparation method of the present invention can achieve a fiber degradation rate of 80% and a reducing sugar content of 10% (under 8% moisture) after steam explosion treatment followed by treatment with a cellulose complex enzyme, solving the problem of the influence of fiber on the application ratio and simultaneously improving the energy value; through the synergistic fermentation of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and acidic protease, the protein content of the product is increased, and the protein is degraded into small peptides, improving the digestibility of sunflower meal. In addition, the lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria and the fragrance of yeast can improve the palatability of fermented sunflower meal, promoting the application of sunflower meal in livestock and poultry breeding. Specific Embodiments

[0019] The following further illustrates the present invention with specific embodiments, but it is not a limitation of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0020] Example 1 Determination of Steam Explosion Process Parameters

[0021] Example 1-1: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 180 °C, the pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0022] Example 1-2: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 200 °C, the pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0023] Example 1-3: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 220 °C, the pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0024] Example 1-4: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 180 °C, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0025] Example 1-5: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 200 °C, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0026] Example 1-6: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 220 °C, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0027] Example 1-7: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 180 °C, the pressure was 1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0028] Example 1-8: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 200 °C, the pressure was 1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0029] Example 1-9: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 220 °C, the pressure was 1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 2 min.

[0030] Example 1-10: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 180 °C, the pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0031] Example 1-11: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 200 °C, the pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0032] Example 1-12: The shelled sunflower seed meal was crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 220 °C, the pressure was 0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0033] Examples 1-13: The shelled sunflower seed meal was pulverized to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 180 °C, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0034] Examples 1-14: The shelled sunflower seed meal was pulverized to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 200 °C, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0035] Examples 1-15: The shelled sunflower seed meal was pulverized to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 220 °C, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0036] Examples 1-16: The shelled sunflower seed meal was pulverized to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 180 °C, the pressure was 1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0037] Examples 1-17: The shelled sunflower seed meal was pulverized to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 200 °C, the pressure was 1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0038] Examples 1-18: The shelled sunflower seed meal was pulverized to pass through a 40-mesh sieve and then subjected to steam explosion treatment. The explosion temperature was 220 °C, the pressure was 1.2 MPa, and the pressure holding time was 3 min.

[0039] The crude fiber content in the sunflower seed meal after steam explosion treatment was measured (measurement method: GB / T 6434-2022), and the results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0040] Table 1

[0041] Group Crude Fiber % Group Crude Fiber % Control 1 24.3 Control 2 24.2 Example 1-1 22.4 Examples 1-10 22.2 Example 1-2 21.3 Examples 1-11 22.3 Example 1-3 21.5 Examples 1-12 21.3 Example 1-4 18.5 Examples 1-13 18.3 Example 1-5 17.9 Examples 1-14 17.5 Example 1-6 17.4 Examples 1-15 17.3 Example 1-7 20.4 Examples 1-16 20.1 Example 1-8 18.7 Examples 1-17 18.5 Example 1-9 19.6 Examples 1-18 19.3

[0042] Note: Both Control Group 1 and Control Group 2 refer to the raw sunflower seed meal.

[0043] As can be seen from Table 1, the effect is better when the explosion temperature is 220 °C, the pressure is 1.0 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 2 min or 3 min. Considering cost and efficiency, the steam explosion process parameters are determined to be an explosion temperature of 200 °C and a pressure of 1.0 MPa.

[0044] Example 2 Screening of Cellulose Composite Enzymes

[0045] Example 2-1: A cellulase complex preparation was composed of cellulase (100,000 U / g), hemicellulase (100,000,000 U / g), and xylanase (100,000,000 U / g) in a mass ratio of 50:10:40. Then, it was mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed (prepared in Example 1-5): water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40 - 45 °C for 24 h.

[0046] Example 2-2: A cellulase complex preparation was composed of cellulase (100,000 U / g), hemicellulase (100,000,000 U / g), and xylanase (100,000,000 U / g) in a mass ratio of 50:15:35. Then, it was mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed (prepared in Example 1-5): water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40 - 45 °C for 24 h.

[0047] Example 2-3: A cellulase complex preparation was composed of cellulase (100,000 U / g), hemicellulase (100,000,000 U / g), and xylanase (100,000,000 U / g) in a mass ratio of 50:20:30. Then, it was mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed (prepared in Example 1-5): water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40 - 45 °C for 24 h.

[0048] Example 2-4: A cellulase complex preparation was composed of cellulase (100,000 U / g), hemicellulase (100,000,000 U / g), and xylanase (100,000,000 U / g) in a mass ratio of 60:10:30. Then, it was mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed (prepared in Example 1-5): water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40 - 45 °C for 24 h.

[0049] Example 2-5: A cellulase complex preparation was composed of cellulase (100,000 U / g), hemicellulase (100,000,000 U / g), and xylanase (100,000,000 U / g) in a mass ratio of 60:15:25. Then, it was mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed (prepared in Example 1-5): water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40 - 45 °C for 24 h.

[0050] Example 2-6: A cellulase complex preparation was composed of cellulase (100,000 U / g), hemicellulase (100,000,000 U / g), and xylanase (100,000,000 U / g) in a mass ratio of 60:20:20. Then, it was mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed (prepared in Example 1-5): water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40 - 45 °C for 24 h.

[0051] Measure the crude fiber content in the enzymatically hydrolyzed sunflower seed meal (measurement method: GB / T 6434-2022), and the results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0052] Table 2

[0053] Group Crude Fiber Content % Degradation Rate % Control Group 24.3 Example 2-1 6.23 75.4 Example 2-2 5.97 75.4 Example 2-3 7.31 69.9 Example 2-4 3.52 85.5 Example 2-5 3.97 83.7 Example 2-6 4.61 81.0

[0054] Note: The control group in the table refers to the raw sunflower seed meal, which is the same as "Control 1" in Table 1.

[0055] As can be seen from Table 2, when the cellulase (100000 U / g), hemicellulase (100000 U / g), and xylanase (100000 U / g) are combined into a cellulose complex enzyme preparation according to the mass ratio of 60:10:30, and then mixed according to the mass ratio of the material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed: water: complex enzyme = 5:2:0.01, at 40 - 45 °C and enzymatically hydrolyzed for 24 hours, the effect is the best, and the crude fiber degradation rate can reach 85.5%.

[0056] Example 3: Bacterial-enzyme synergistic deep fermentation, drying, and pulverization

[0057] Example 3-1: Inoculate 5% yeast, 4% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100000 U / g) into the enzymatically hydrolyzed product (Example 2-4) in step two, ferment at 37 - 38 °C for 24 hours, and then dry and pulverize at 60 °C.

[0058] Example 3-2: Inoculate 8% yeast, 4% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100000 U / g) into the enzymatically hydrolyzed product in step two, ferment at 37 - 38 °C for 24 hours, and then dry and pulverize at 60 °C.

[0059] Example 3-3: Inoculate 10% yeast, 4% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100000 U / g) into the enzymatically hydrolyzed product (Example 2-4) in step two, ferment at 37 - 38 °C for 24 hours, and then dry and pulverize at 60 °C.

[0060] Example 3-4: Inoculate 5% yeast, 6% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100000 U / g) into the enzymatically hydrolyzed product (Example 2-4) in step two, ferment at 37 - 38 °C for 24 hours, and then dry and pulverize at 60 °C.

[0061] Example 3-5: Inoculate 8% yeast, 6% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100000 U / g) into the enzymatically hydrolyzed product (Example 2-4) in step two, ferment at 37 - 38 °C for 24 hours, and then dry and pulverize at 60 °C.

[0062] Example 3-6: Inoculate 10% yeast, 6% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100,000 U / g) into the enzymatic hydrolysis product (Example 2-4) in Step 2, ferment at 37-38 °C for 24 h, and then dry and pulverize at 60 °C.

[0063] Detect the moisture content, protein content (GB / T 6432—2018), crude fiber content (GB / T 6434—2022), reducing sugar content (Q / 320981YYK 004-2024), small peptide content (trichloroacetic acid method), etc. in the fermented sunflower seed meal feed. The results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0064] Table 3

[0065] Group Moisture % Protein % Crude Fiber % Reducing Sugar % Relative Small Peptide % Protein Digestibility % Control Group 10.04 30.70 24.3 - - 82.03 Example 3-1 8.17 33.13 4.13 13.12 12.47 87.63 Example 3-2 8.42 34.45 4.07 11.03 13.98 89.21 Example 3-3 8.23 35.41 4.11 10.09 14.52 93.45 Example 3-4 8.72 33.75 4.09 13.29 12.78 88.06 Example 3-5 8.21 34.92 4.21 12.13 14.45 93.71 Example 3-6 8.53 35.89 4.02 10.98 14.86 94.33

[0066] Note: The control group in the table refers to the raw sunflower seed meal, which is the same as "Control 1" in Table 1.

[0067] The results show that for the finished product obtained by inoculating 10% yeast, 6% lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% acidic protease (100,000 U / g) into the enzymatic hydrolysis product in Step 2, fermenting at 37-38 °C for 24 h, and then drying and pulverizing at 60 °C, the degradation rate of crude fiber can reach 83.5%, the reducing sugar content can reach 10.98%, and the energy value is improved; the crude protein content reaches 35.89%, the small peptide content reaches 14.86%, and the protein digestibility is 93.45%. The protein and digestibility of sunflower seed meal are significantly improved.

[0068] In summary, through the processes of steam explosion treatment, compound enzymatic hydrolysis treatment, and combined bacteria-enzymes deep fermentation treatment, the fiber degradation rate can reach 80% and the reducing sugar content can reach 10%, solving the problem of the influence of fiber on the application ratio, and at the same time improving the energy value; also improving the protein content of the product, degrading proteins into small peptides, and enhancing the digestibility of sunflower seed meal, which can effectively promote the application of sunflower seed meal in livestock and poultry breeding.

[0069] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation manners and protection scope of the present invention accordingly. For those skilled in the art, it should be realized that all the equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made by using the content of the specification of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, crushing the shelled sunflower seed meal to pass through a 40-50 mesh sieve and then performing a steam explosion treatment to obtain a material to be enzymatically hydrolyzed; Step 2: Cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase are combined into a cellulose complex enzyme preparation, and then mixed and hydrolyzed according to the mass ratio of the material to be hydrolyzed: water: complex enzyme of (5-10): (2-5): 0.01; Step 3: After the yeast and lactic acid bacteria are expanded in three stages, 5-10% of yeast, 4-6% of lactic acid bacteria, and 0.1% of acid protease are inoculated according to the mass of the enzymatic hydrolysate; Step 4: Low temperature drying, crushing, and packaging for storage.

2. The method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the steam explosion treatment are: explosion temperature of 180-220° C., pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa, and pressure maintenance time of 2-3 min.

3. The method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cellulose complex enzyme preparation comprises 100,000 U / g cellulase, 100,000 U / g hemicellulase and 100,000 U / g xylanase in a mass ratio of (50-60):(10-20):(20-30).

4. The method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-45° C., and the enzymolysis time is 24-36 hours.

5. The method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the fermentation temperature is 37-38° C. and the fermentation time is 24-36 hours.

6. The method for preparing sunflower seed meal fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzymatic activity of the acidic protease is 100000 U / g.