Compound feed additive for adjusting proportion of unsaturated fatty acids of geese and goose feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a compound feed additive for adjusting the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids of geese and a goose feed. The content of n-3PUFA in goose meat is remarkably increased by adding rapeseed oil or linseed oil / powder or schizochytrium limacinum powder, DHA is directly provided by the schizochytrium limacinum powder, the problem of low ALA conversion efficiency caused by low delta 6 desaturase activity of geese is avoided, the ALA concentration of the rapeseed oil and the linseed oil / powder is far higher than that of natural forage grass, intestinal absorption and metabolism loss are counteracted through the dose advantage, and the content of the n-3PUFA in the goose meat is improved. And n-3PUFA and n-6PUFA in the feed compete for delta 6 desaturase, so that the n-6 / n-3 ratio is reduced. The selenium yeast removes lipid peroxides, and vitamin C and vitamin E form a water phase-lipid phase whole-system antioxidant network, so that the oxidation loss of n-3PUFA can be remarkably reduced, and the shelf life of meat products is prolonged. Conventional feed raw materials and natural additives are adopted, gene modification or a complex fermentation process is not needed, and the additive can be directly added into fattening feed for popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a compound feed additive for regulating the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in geese and goose feed directly added with the compound feed additive. Background Art

[0002] Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for the human body, and the balance between n-3 and n-6 series fatty acids is crucial for health. Since n-6 and n-3 PUFAs compete for the same enzymes (such as Δ6 desaturase) during metabolism, their ratio directly affects the types of eicosanoids produced, thereby regulating inflammatory and immune responses. n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardiovascular function-improving effects, while excessive n-6 PUFAs may trigger pro-inflammatory responses. The Chinese Nutrition Society recommends that the n-6 / n-3 ratio in the diet should be controlled at 4-6:1, and the World Health Organization further proposes a more optimal target of 1-4:1.

[0003] However, modern poultry farming faces the following technical bottlenecks:

[0004] Poultry diets are mainly based on grains such as corn and soybeans, with a high proportion of n-6 PUFAs, resulting in a generally high n-6 / n-3 ratio in poultry meat of over 20:1, far exceeding the healthy recommended value. Although fresh forage contains α-linolenic acid (ALA), non-ruminants (such as geese) lack rumen microorganisms and highly active Δ6 desaturase of ruminants, making it difficult to convert ALA in forage into long-chain n-3 PUFAs (such as EPA and DHA), resulting in insufficient deposition of tissue n-3 PUFAs. Direct supplementation of n-3 PUFAs easily leads to a shortened shelf life of meat products due to oxidative rancidity and is difficult to achieve commercial application. In addition, although gene editing or microbial recombination technologies can regulate fatty acid metabolism, there are problems such as unstable gene expression, high production costs, and regulatory restrictions, making it difficult to promote in the short term. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of the imbalance in the ratio of n-3 and n-6 unsaturated fatty acids in goose meat, the present invention provides a compound feed additive for regulating the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in geese and goose feed directly added with the compound feed additive.

[0006] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A compound feed additive for regulating the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in geese, by mass, comprises:

[0008] 2-6 parts of wheat bran or rice bran, 2-7 parts of alfalfa meal, 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamins, and auxiliary material A;

[0009] Among them, the auxiliary material A is any one of 1-3 parts of rapeseed oil, 1-3 parts of linseed oil, 4-7 parts of linseed powder, and 1-3 parts of Schizochytrium powder.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the crude protein content in the alfalfa meal is not less than 17%.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes yeast selenium, and the selenium content in the yeast selenium is 2000 ppm; the addition amount of yeast selenium in the compound feed additive is 0.25 wt%.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vitamin is any one or all of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, in each kilogram of the compound feed additive, the content of vitamin C is not less than 2.5 g, and the content of vitamin E is not less than 0.4 g.

[0014] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a compound feed additive for regulating the unsaturated fatty acid ratio of geese, which includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: Weigh the corresponding quality of alfalfa meal and vitamins according to a preset formula, and mix the above materials evenly to obtain a first mixture.

[0016] S2: Add the corresponding quality of wheat bran or rice bran to the first mixture and mix evenly to obtain a second mixture.

[0017] S3: Add any one of the corresponding quality of rapeseed oil, linseed oil, linseed powder, and Schizochytrium powder to the second mixture and mix evenly to obtain the required compound feed additive.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the formula contains yeast selenium, step S1 is:

[0019] Weigh the corresponding quality of alfalfa meal, vitamins, and yeast selenium according to a preset formula, and mix them evenly to obtain a first mixture.

[0020] The present invention also provides a goose feed, which includes a main material and any one of the above compound feed additives for regulating the unsaturated fatty acid ratio of geese; the addition amount of the compound feed additive is 7-10 wt%.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for regulating the unsaturated fatty acid ratio of geese. Feed the above goose feed to geese, feed no less than 3 times a day, and control the daily feeding amount to 200-400 grams according to different goose species and weights, and continuously feed for no less than 30 days.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the regulated unsaturated fatty acids include cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, cis,cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, cis,cis,cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid.

[0023] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a composite feed additive for regulating the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in goose fat tissue, which can be directly added to goose fattening feed, and the n-3PUFA content in goose meat can be significantly increased by adding a high-concentration ALA source (rapeseed oil / linseed oil / linseed meal) or directly supplementing long-chain n-3PUFA (schizochytrium powder). The schizochytrium powder directly provides DHA, avoiding the problem of low ALA conversion efficiency caused by low Δ6 desaturase activity in geese. The ALA concentration of rapeseed oil / linseed oil / linseed meal far exceeds that of natural pasture, and the intestinal absorption and metabolic losses are offset by the dosage advantage. The n-3PUFA competes with the n-6PUFA in the feed for Δ6 desaturase, inhibits the generation of pro-inflammatory substances, and reduces the n-6 / n-3 ratio. Yeast selenium enhances glutathione peroxidase activity, removes lipid peroxides, and increases the selenium content in goose meat; vitamin C and vitamin E form a water-lipid phase full-system antioxidant network, which can significantly reduce the oxidation loss of n-3PUFA and extend the shelf life of meat products. It uses conventional feed raw materials and natural additives, does not require genetic modification or complex fermentation processes, complies with existing feed production standards, and can be directly added to fattening feed for promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0026] This embodiment provides a compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese, and the mass fractions of each raw material component thereof are:

[0027] 2-6 parts of wheat bran or rice bran, 2-7 parts of alfalfa powder, 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamins and auxiliary material A; wherein auxiliary material A is any one of 1-3 parts of rapeseed oil, 1-3 parts of linseed oil, 4-7 parts of linseed powder and 1-3 parts of Schizochytrium powder.

[0028] Among them, the crude protein content in alfalfa meal is not less than 17%, and the vitamins are one or all of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0029] In some other embodiments, on the basis of the above formula, the compound feed additive may further include yeast selenium with a selenium content of 2000 ppm, and the addition amount of yeast selenium in the compound feed additive is 0.25 wt%.

[0030] This compound feed additive can be directly added to the fattening feed for geese. By adding a high-concentration ALA source (rapeseed oil), the ALA concentration far exceeds that of natural forage. Through the dosage advantage, the intestinal absorption and metabolic losses are offset. n-3PUFA competes with n-6PUFA in the feed for Δ6 desaturase, inhibits the generation of pro-inflammatory substances, significantly increases the n-3PUFA content in goose meat, and reduces the n-6 / n-3 ratio.

[0031] Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that directly captures free radicals (such as lipid peroxyl radicals) in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction, preventing the PUFA in cell membranes from being oxidized. After vitamin E scavenges free radicals, it will be oxidized itself to form "oxidized vitamin E" (i.e., tocopheryl radical), losing its antioxidant ability. Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals in the aqueous phase (such as hydroxyl radicals) and reduce oxidized vitamin E to its active form, restoring its antioxidant ability. When vitamin E acts alone, each molecule can only scavenge one free radical and then loses its activity. Through the regeneration of vitamin C, 1 molecule of vitamin C can support the repeated use of multiple molecules of vitamin E, significantly improving the antioxidant efficiency. Vitamin E protects PUFA in the lipid phase (cell membranes, lipid droplets); vitamin C protects molecules in the aqueous phase (cytoplasm, blood) and extends the antioxidant network to the lipid phase by regenerating vitamin E. Therefore, vitamin E and vitamin C can each play an antioxidant role, but the combination of the two can play a synergistic role, constructing an antioxidant cycle system across phase states, significantly prolonging the active duration of vitamin E, achieving better antioxidant effects with a lower vitamin E dosage, reducing the formula cost, and efficiently protecting the n-3PUFA in the feed from oxidative damage. To ensure the effectiveness of the antioxidant, in each kilogram of the compound feed additive, vitamin C is not less than 2.5 g and vitamin E is not less than 0.4 g.

[0032] Yeast selenium enhances the antioxidant defense system in geese by activating glutathione peroxidase (GPx), synergistically forms a "water phase - lipid phase" whole - system protection network with vitamins C and E, significantly inhibits the oxidative loss of n - 3 PUFA, and promotes its stable deposition in muscle tissues. At the same time, selenium is efficiently enriched in goose meat in an organic form, raising the selenium content of the product to the selenium - rich food standard and endowing it with health - added values such as antioxidant and immune - enhancing properties. In addition, yeast selenium improves feed conversion rate and daily weight gain by regulating lipid metabolism gene expression and thyroid function, and its low - toxicity characteristic ensures the safety of addition compared with inorganic selenium. Finally, multiple goals such as optimizing the n - 6 / n - 3 ratio, extending the shelf life of meat products, nutritional upgrading, and healthy breeding are achieved.

[0033] The following provides further illustration of the compound feed additive and its preparation method through specific examples.

[0034] For the selection of rapeseed oil as auxiliary material A, the following Examples 1 - 3 are provided:

[0035] Example 1

[0036] According to the mass - fraction ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamins: rapeseed oil of 4.51:3.45:0.029:2, prepare 45.1 kg of wheat bran, 34.5 kg of alfalfa meal, 250 g of vitamin C, 40 g of vitamin E, and 20 kg of rapeseed oil; then prepare 250 g of yeast selenium according to the mass - fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0037] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, vitamin E, and yeast selenium evenly.

[0038] Next, add the wheat bran to the above - mentioned mixture and mix evenly to expand.

[0039] Finally, add the rapeseed oil to the mixture obtained in the previous step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0040] After preparation, package the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0041] It should be noted that the above mixing process in three stages has scientific necessity. Trace components such as selenium yeast (250 g), vitamin C (250 g), and vitamin E (40 g) only account for 0.39% of the total material amount. When directly mixed with materials in the order of dozens of kilograms, it is extremely easy to cause stratification due to powder electrostatic adsorption or mechanical vibration. First, conduct primary mixing with 34.5 kg of alfalfa meal to fully disperse the active ingredients in the carrier, forming a premix base material; then, mix the premix base material with 45.1 kg of wheat bran to achieve secondary dilution, further reducing the local concentration difference of the active ingredients and avoiding uneven distribution caused by caking during subsequent liquid addition; finally, mix with 20 kg of rapeseed oil. Rapeseed oil is a liquid oil. If directly mixed with powder at the initial stage, the following problems will occur: the oil wraps the powder particles to form an oil film barrier, hindering the uniform adsorption of subsequent trace components; a high proportion of oil easily causes powder agglomeration, generating hard lumps with a diameter > 2 mm. Therefore, the three-stage mixing process can systematically solve the three major technical problems of uneven distribution, activity loss, and caking by gradually diluting the trace components and adding liquid components later, and it is a necessary process to ensure the functionality and safety of the product.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Prepare 40 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of alfalfa meal, 200 g of vitamin C, and 20 kg of rapeseed oil according to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: rapeseed oil of 2:2:0.01:1; then prepare 250 g (approximate value) of selenium yeast according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0044] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and selenium yeast evenly;

[0045] Then, add the wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand;

[0046] Finally, add the rapeseed oil to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0047] After preparation, package the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] Prepare 60 kg of wheat bran, 70 kg of alfalfa meal, 300 g of vitamin C, and 30 kg of rapeseed oil according to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: rapeseed oil of 6:7:0.03:3; then prepare 400 g (approximate value) of selenium yeast according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0050] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and selenium yeast evenly;

[0051] Next, add wheat bran to the above mixture and mix well to expand the mixture;

[0052] Finally, add rapeseed oil to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix well to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0053] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0054] For excipient A selected as linseed oil, the following Examples 4 - 6 are provided:

[0055] Example 4

[0056] According to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamins: linseed oil of 4.511:3.45:0.029:2, prepare 45.11 kg of wheat bran, 34.5 kg of alfalfa meal, 250 g of vitamin C, 40 g of vitamin E, and 20 kg of linseed oil; then prepare 250 g of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0057] First, mix alfalfa meal, vitamin C, vitamin E, and yeast selenium evenly;

[0058] Next, add wheat bran to the above mixture and mix well to expand the mixture;

[0059] Finally, add linseed oil to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix well to obtain 100 kg of a uniform mixture.

[0060] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] According to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamins: linseed oil of 2:2:0.01:1, prepare 40 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of alfalfa meal, 200 g of vitamin C, and 20 kg of linseed oil; then prepare 250 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0063] First, mix alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and yeast selenium evenly;

[0064] Next, add wheat bran to the above mixture and mix well to expand the mixture;

[0065] Finally, add linseed oil to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix well to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0066] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] Prepare 60 kg of wheat bran, 70 kg of alfalfa meal, 300 g of vitamin C, and 30 kg of linseed oil according to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: linseed oil of 6:7:0.03:3; then prepare 400 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0069] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and yeast selenium evenly.

[0070] Next, add the wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand the mixture.

[0071] Finally, add the linseed oil to the mixture obtained in the previous step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0072] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0073] For the selected excipient A as linseed powder, the following Examples 7-9 are provided:

[0074] Example 7

[0075] Prepare 25.1 kg of wheat bran, 24.5 kg of alfalfa meal, 250 g of vitamin C, 40 g of vitamin E, and 50 kg of linseed powder according to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: linseed powder of 2.51:2.45:0.029:5; then prepare 250 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0076] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, vitamin E, and yeast selenium evenly.

[0077] Next, add the wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand the mixture.

[0078] Finally, add the linseed powder to the mixture obtained in the previous step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0079] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0080] Example 8

[0081] Prepare 20 kg of wheat bran, 20 kg of alfalfa meal, 100 g of vitamin C, and 40 kg of linseed powder according to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: linseed powder of 2:2:0.01:4; then prepare 200 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0082] First, mix alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and yeast selenium evenly;

[0083] Next, add wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand;

[0084] Finally, add linseed meal to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0085] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0086] Example 9

[0087] According to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: linseed meal of 6:7:0.03:7, prepare 60 kg of wheat bran, 70 kg of alfalfa meal, 300 g of vitamin C, and 70 kg of linseed meal; then prepare 500 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0088] First, mix alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and yeast selenium evenly;

[0089] Next, add wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand;

[0090] Finally, add linseed meal to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0091] After preparation, pack the compound feed additive and store it sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0092] For excipient A, Schizochytrium powder is selected, and the following Examples 10 - 12 are provided:

[0093] Example 10

[0094] According to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: Schizochytrium powder of 4.51:3.45:0.029:2, prepare 45.1 kg of wheat bran, 34.5 kg of alfalfa meal, 250 g of vitamin C, 40 g of vitamin E, and 20 kg of Schizochytrium powder; then prepare 250 g of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0095] First, mix alfalfa meal, vitamin C, vitamin E, and yeast selenium evenly;

[0096] Next, add wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand;

[0097] Finally, add Schizochytrium powder to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix evenly to obtain 100 kg of a uniform mixture.

[0098] After preparation, the compound feed additive is packaged and stored sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0099] Example 11

[0100] According to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: Schizochytrium powder of 2:2:0.01:1, prepare 40 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of alfalfa meal, 200 g of vitamin C, and 20 kg of Schizochytrium powder; then prepare 250 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0101] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and yeast selenium evenly.

[0102] Then, add the wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand.

[0103] Finally, add the Schizochytrium powder to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0104] After preparation, the compound feed additive is packaged and stored sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0105] Example 12

[0106] According to the mass ratio of wheat bran: alfalfa meal: vitamin: Schizochytrium powder of 6:7:0.03:3, prepare 60 kg of wheat bran, 70 kg of alfalfa meal, 300 g of vitamin C, and 30 kg of Schizochytrium powder; then prepare 400 g (approximate value) of yeast selenium according to the mass fraction ratio of 0.25 wt%.

[0107] First, mix the alfalfa meal, vitamin C, and yeast selenium evenly.

[0108] Then, add the wheat bran to the above mixture and mix evenly to expand.

[0109] Finally, add the Schizochytrium powder to the mixture obtained in the above step and continue to mix evenly to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0110] After preparation, the compound feed additive is packaged and stored sealed in a ventilated and cool place.

[0111] The above examples prepared a series of compound feed additives for regulating the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in geese through different preparation methods. The difference between different preparation methods is only the different auxiliary materials and the mass ratio of each component used.

[0112] In order to further determine the regulation effect of the compound feed additives obtained in the above examples on the unsaturated fatty acids in geese, four groups of comparative experiments were also set up in this example for verification respectively.

[0113] Comparative Experiment 1

[0114] (1) Experimental Setup

[0115] The powder or pellet feed prepared with corn, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, salt, stone powder, etc. was used as the control group, and the experimental group was the control group added with the compound feed additive in Example 1, with an addition amount of 10 wt%. The experimental geese were fattening Wanxi white geese. 320 90-day-old geese were selected, with a male-female ratio of 1:4 and an average weight of about 5123.5 ± 23.5 g. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 4 replicates in each group and 40 geese in each replicate (male-female 1:4), and a total of 8 independent small pens were required. After a 5-day pre-feeding period, the formal experiment began and ended at 120 days of age.

[0116] (2) The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0117] Table 1 Effects of the additive in Example 1 on the unsaturated fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue of Wanxi white geese

[0118]

[0119] Note: The data in the same row of the table are superscripted with letters at the right shoulder. Capital letters (A, B) indicate extremely significant differences between groups (P < 0.01), lowercase letters (a, b) indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences.

[0120] The results in Table 1 show that the experimental geese fed with the goose feed containing the compound feed additive in Example 1 of the present invention can extremely significantly reduce the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids n-6 to n-3 in Wanxi white geese compared with the control group geese. The n-3 fatty acids in the experimental group increased by 3.79 times compared with the control group, while the n-6 fatty acids only increased by 1.28 times, and finally the n6:n3 can be greatly reduced from 28.26:1 to 9.52:1.

[0121] Comparative Experiment 2

[0122] (1) Experimental Setup

[0123] The powder or pellet feed prepared with corn, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, salt, stone powder, etc. was used as the control group, and the experimental group was the control group added with the compound feed additive in Example 4, with an addition amount of 10 wt%. The experimental geese were growing White Roman geese. 320 60-day-old geese were selected, with an equal number of males and females and an average weight of about 3465.3 ± 62.6 g. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and each goose was fed 300 grams of feed per day. There were 4 replicates in each group and 40 geese in each replicate (male-female 1:1), and a total of 8 independent small pens were required. The experiment ended at 90 days of age.

[0124] (2) The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0125] Table 2 Effects of the additives in Example 4 on the composition of unsaturated fatty acids in the adipose tissue of White Roman geese

[0126]

[0127] Note: For the data in the same row of the table, the superscript letters on the right shoulder, capital letters (A, B) indicate extremely significant differences between groups (P < 0.01), lowercase letters (a, b) indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences.

[0128] The results in Table 2 show that the experimental geese fed with the goose feed containing the compound feed additive in Example 4 of the present invention can extremely significantly reduce the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids n-6 to n-3 in White Roman geese compared with the control group geese. The n-3 fatty acids in the experimental group can increase by 5.94 times compared with the control group, while the n-6 fatty acids only increase by 1.58 times, and finally the n6:n3 can be greatly reduced from 27.95:1 to 7.45:1.

[0129] Comparative Experiment 3

[0130] (1) Experimental setup

[0131] The powder or pellet feed prepared with corn, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, salt, stone powder, etc. was used as the control group, and the experimental group was the control group added with the compound feed additive in Example 7, with an addition amount of 10 wt%. The experimental geese were growing Landes geese. 320 geese at 60 days old were selected, with half males and half females, and the average weight was about 3975.7 ± 53.6 g. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and each goose was fed 300 grams of feed per day. Each group had 4 replicates, with 40 geese in each replicate (male to female ratio of 1:1), and a total of 8 independent small pens were required. The experiment ended at 90 days old.

[0132] (2) The experimental results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0133] Table 3 Effects of the additives in Example 7 on the composition of unsaturated fatty acids in the adipose tissue of Landes geese

[0134]

[0135] Note: For the data in the same row of the table, the superscript letters on the right shoulder, capital letters (A, B): indicate extremely significant differences between groups (P < 0.01), lowercase letters (a, b): indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences.

[0136] The results in Table 3 show that, compared with the control group of geese, the experimental geese fed with the goose feed containing the compound feed additive in Example 7 of the present invention can extremely significantly reduce the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids n-6 to n-3 in Landes geese. The n-3 fatty acids in the experimental group can increase by 4.63 times compared with the control group, while the n-6 fatty acids only increase by 1.37 times. Finally, the n6:n3 can be greatly reduced from 28.43:1 to 8.40:1.

[0137] Comparative Experiment 4

[0138] (1) Experimental setup

[0139] The powder or pellet feed prepared with corn, wheat, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, salt, stone powder, etc. was used as the control group, and the experimental group was the control group added with the compound feed additive in Example 10, with an addition amount of 10 wt%. The experimental geese were Sanhua geese growing geese. 320 geese at 60 days old were selected, with half males and half females, and the average weight was about 3785.6 ± 48.3 g. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, and each goose was fed 300 grams of feed per day. Each group had 4 replicates, with 40 geese in each replicate (1 male to 1 female), and a total of 8 independent small pens were required. After 5 days of pre-feeding, the formal experiment began and ended at 90 days old.

[0140] (2) The experimental results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0141] Table 4 Effects of the additive in Example 10 on the unsaturated fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue of Sanhua geese

[0142]

[0143] Note: The data in the same row of the table are marked with letters at the upper right corner. Capital letters (A, B): indicate extremely significant differences between groups (P < 0.01), and lowercase letters (a, b): indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). The same letters indicate no significant differences.

[0144] The results in Table 4 show that, compared with the control group of geese, the experimental geese fed with the goose feed containing the compound feed additive in Example 10 of the present invention can extremely significantly reduce the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids n-6 to n-3 in Sanhua geese. The n-3 fatty acids in the experimental group can increase by 4.59 times compared with the control group, while the n-6 fatty acids only increase by 1.34 times. Finally, the n6:n3 can be greatly reduced from 26.91:1 to 7.86:1.

[0145] In summary, the present invention provides a compound feed additive for regulating the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in goose adipose tissue, which can be directly added to the fattening feed of geese. By adding a high-concentration ALA source (rapeseed oil / flaxseed oil / flaxseed meal) or directly supplementing long-chain n-3 PUFA (Schizochytrium powder), the content of n-3 PUFA in goose meat is significantly increased. Schizochytrium powder directly provides DHA, avoiding the problem of low ALA conversion efficiency caused by the low activity of Δ6 desaturase in geese. The ALA concentration in rapeseed oil / flaxseed oil / flaxseed meal is much higher than that of natural forage, and the dose advantage offsets the intestinal absorption and metabolic losses. n-3 PUFA competes with n-6 PUFA in the feed for Δ6 desaturase, inhibits the generation of pro-inflammatory substances, and reduces the n-6 / n-3 ratio. Yeast selenium enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase, scavenges lipid peroxides, and simultaneously increases the selenium content in goose meat; vitamin C and vitamin E form an antioxidant network in the whole water-lipid phase system, which can significantly reduce the oxidative loss of n-3 PUFA and extend the shelf life of meat products. Using conventional feed raw materials and natural additives, without genetic modification or complex fermentation processes, it meets the existing feed production specifications and can be directly added to the fattening feed for popularization and application.

[0146] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese, characterized in that: In terms of mass fraction, it includes: 2-6 parts of wheat bran or rice bran, 2-7 parts of alfalfa powder, 0.01-0.03 parts of vitamins and auxiliary material A; The auxiliary material A is any one of 1-3 parts of rapeseed oil, 1-3 parts of linseed oil, 4-7 parts of linseed powder and 1-3 parts of Schizochytrium powder.

2. The compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude protein content of the alfalfa meal is not less than 17%.

3. The compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound feed additive further comprises yeast selenium, wherein the selenium content of the yeast selenium is 2000ppm; and the addition amount of the yeast selenium in the compound feed additive is 0.25wt%.

4. The compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamins used are any one or all of vitamin C and vitamin E.

5. The compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese according to claim 4, characterized in that: For every kilogram of compound feed additive, there should be no less than 2.5g of vitamin C and no less than 0.4g of vitamin E.

6. A method for preparing a compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: weighing alfalfa powder and vitamins of corresponding mass according to a preset formula, and mixing the above materials evenly to obtain a mixture 1; S2: adding a corresponding amount of wheat bran or rice bran to the mixed material 1 and mixing evenly to obtain a mixed material 2; S3: adding a corresponding amount of rapeseed oil, linseed oil, linseed meal, or Schizochytrium powder to the second mixed material and mixing the mixture evenly to obtain the desired composite feed additive.

7. The method for preparing the compound feed additive for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese according to claim 6, characterized in that: When yeast selenium is included in the recipe, step S1 is: According to a preset formula, corresponding masses of alfalfa powder, vitamins, and yeast selenium are weighed and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture one.

8. A goose feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main ingredient and a compound feed additive for adjusting the unsaturated fatty acid ratio of geese as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5; the addition amount of the compound feed additive is 7-10wt%.

9. A method for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in geese, characterized in that: The geese are fed with the goose feed as claimed in claim 8, at least three times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 200-400 grams, and the continuous feeding days are not less than 30 days.

10. The method for adjusting the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in goose according to claim 9, characterized in that: The regulated unsaturated fatty acids include cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, cis,cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid, cis,cis,cis-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid.

Images