Self-shunting tangential hole type cooling ring belt structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-shunting tangential hole type cooling ring belt structure which comprises an injector shell and a combustion chamber cylindrical section shell, an injector inner bottom is arranged in the injector shell, and the injector inner bottom comprises a flow guide section and an injection section; a cooling ring belt ring cavity is formed in the inner wall of the combustion chamber cylindrical section shell, the top face of the cooling ring belt ring cavity is the bottom face of the flow guide section, the bottom face of the cooling ring belt ring cavity is a liquid film horizontal guide face, and the inner side face of the cooling ring belt ring cavity is open to form a cooling ring belt ring cavity outlet. And a plurality of through inclined tangential holes are formed in the flow guide section, and fuel is led into the annular cavity of the cooling annular belt from the fuel inlet through the inclined tangential holes. And a liquid film slope guide surface is arranged on the inner side wall of the cylindrical shell of the combustion chamber, so that fuel in the annular cavity of the cooling annular belt is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the cylindrical shell of the combustion chamber to form a cooling annular belt liquid film. The self-shunting tangential hole type cooling ring belt structure is formed by fuel self-shunting, a cooling ring belt inlet and a cooling ring belt ring cavity do not need to be independently designed, and the structure is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rocket engines, relates to a thrust chamber, and particularly relates to a self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure. Background Art

[0002] The thrust chamber of a liquid rocket engine consists of a combustion chamber and a nozzle. The propellant is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure combustion products in the combustion chamber. For a high-pressure staged combustion cycle engine, the gas temperature can be as high as about 3000K, and the combustion chamber pressure can be as high as 10MPa - 30MPa. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas will generate huge convective heat flux and radiative heat flux, and the maximum heat flux density can be as high as 10MW / m 2 ~160MW / m 2 . Existing engineering materials cannot work properly under such a high heat flux density. In order to avoid ablation of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the thrust chamber often adopts a cooling scheme that combines regenerative cooling and film cooling.

[0003] During the stable combustion process of the propellant, the flow region in the combustion chamber can be divided into an atomization mixing region, a mixer recirculation region, a combustion region, and a combustion product region. The combustion region is located in the cylindrical section of the combustion chamber. Most of the chemical energy released by combustion is used to heat the combustion products, causing the temperature in this region to jump above 3000K. Without effective cooling measures, the high-temperature gas will ablate the inner wall of the combustion chamber. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure to solve the technical problem of the complex structure of the combination of regenerative cooling and film cooling in the existing technology.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure includes an injector housing and a cylindrical section housing of the combustion chamber. A plurality of fuel inlets are provided on the side wall of the injector housing, and an injector inner bottom that is open at the top and bottom is coaxially arranged inside the injector housing.

[0007] The injector inner bottom includes a coaxial and integrally formed diversion section and an injection section that is axially penetrated inside. The diversion section is located at the lower part of the axial direction of the injection section.

[0008] On the inner wall of the cylindrical section housing of the combustion chamber near the top, a cooling annulus ring cavity is provided. The inner diameter of the cooling annulus ring cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the combustion cavity of the cylindrical section of the combustion chamber. The top surface of the cooling annulus ring cavity is the bottom surface of the diversion section; the bottom surface of the cooling annulus ring cavity is a liquid film horizontal guiding surface. The outer side surface of the cooling annulus ring cavity is located on the cylindrical section housing of the combustion chamber, and the inner side surface of the cooling annulus ring cavity is open to form a cooling annulus ring cavity outlet.

[0009] A plurality of through obliquely tangential holes are formed in the diversion section, and the obliquely tangential holes enable fuel to lead from the fuel inlet to the inside of the cooling annulus cavity.

[0010] A liquid film ramp guiding surface is arranged on the inner side wall of the upper part of the cylindrical section shell of the combustion chamber. The top edge of the liquid film ramp guiding surface is connected to the inner edge of the liquid film horizontal guiding surface; thus, the fuel in the cooling annulus cavity closely flows along the liquid film horizontal guiding surface and the liquid film ramp guiding surface to form a cooling annulus liquid film on the inner side wall of the cylindrical section shell of the combustion chamber.

[0011] The present invention further has the following technical features:

[0012] The inclination direction of the central axis of the obliquely tangential hole is the same as the inclination direction of the liquid film ramp guiding surface.

[0013] The included angle between the central axis of the obliquely tangential hole and the liquid film horizontal guiding surface is 60° - 80°.

[0014] The included angle between the liquid film ramp guiding surface and the liquid film horizontal guiding surface is 70° - 80°.

[0015] The inner diameter of the diversion section is equal to the inner diameter of the injection section, and the outer diameter of the diversion section is greater than the outer diameter of the injection section; the inside of the bottom of the injector is the injector combustion chamber.

[0016] The diversion section is connected to the inner side wall of the injector housing. A regenerative cooling channel is formed between the injection section and the injector housing, and the bottom end of the regenerative cooling channel is communicated with the fuel inlet; the injector combustion chamber is communicated with the cylindrical section combustion chamber inside the cylindrical section shell of the combustion chamber.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0018] (Ⅰ) The self - shunting tangential - hole - type cooling annulus structure proposed by the present invention is formed by self - shunting of fuel, without the need to separately design the cooling annulus inlet and the cooling annulus cavity, and has a simple structure; by designing the number and diameter of the obliquely tangential holes, the flow resistance of the cooling annulus can be adjusted, and the optimal flow rate ratio of the cooling annulus can be obtained.

[0019] (Ⅱ) The self - shunting tangential - hole - type cooling annulus structure proposed by the present invention is arranged at the docking position of the thrust chamber head and the body. The cooling annulus liquid film can cover the inner wall surface of the cylindrical section of the combustion chamber, effectively cooling the high - temperature combustion area.

[0020] (Ⅲ) The self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure proposed by the present invention enables the fuel in the cooling annulus cavity to flow closely along the liquid film horizontal guiding surface and the liquid film ramp guiding surface to form a stable swirling flow of the cooling annulus liquid film on the inner side wall of the combustion chamber cylindrical section housing through the liquid film ramp guiding surface and the liquid film horizontal guiding surface. Compared with the direct flow, the swirling flow can increase the residence time of the cooling annulus liquid film on the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and improve the wall protection effect. The liquid film ramp guiding surface and the liquid film horizontal guiding surface can also make the fuel swirling flow closely adhere to the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber cylindrical section, improving the cooling reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic enlarged structural diagram of detail A of the self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the inclined tangential hole of the self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the inclined tangential hole of the self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure.

[0025] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1 - injector housing, 2 - combustion chamber cylindrical section housing, 3 - fuel inlet, 4 - inner bottom of the injector, 5 - cooling annulus cavity, 6 - combustion chamber of the combustion chamber cylindrical section, 7 - liquid film horizontal guiding surface, 8 - outlet of the cooling annulus cavity, 9 - inclined tangential hole, 10 - liquid film ramp guiding surface, 11 - regenerative cooling channel.

[0026] 401 - diversion section, 402 - injection section, 403 - injector combustion chamber.

[0027] The following further elaborates on the specific content of the present invention in conjunction with embodiments. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0028] It should be noted that the equipment and components used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all equipment and components known in the prior art.

[0029] Complying with the above technical solutions, the following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent transformations made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment:

[0031] This embodiment proposes a self-diverting tangential hole type cooling annulus structure, including an injector housing 1 and a combustion chamber cylindrical section housing 2, as Figure 1And Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2 , a plurality of fuel inlets 3 are provided on the side wall of the injector housing 1, and an injector inner bottom 4 with an open top and bottom is coaxially arranged inside the injector housing 1.

[0032] As Figure 1 And Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the injector inner bottom 4 includes a coaxial and integrally formed flow guiding section 401 and an injection section 402 with an axially through interior. The flow guiding section 401 is located at the lower axial part of the injection section 402.

[0033] As Figure 1 And Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a cooling ring belt cavity 5 is provided on the inner wall near the top of the cylindrical section housing 2 of the combustion chamber. The inner diameter of the cooling ring belt cavity 5 is larger than the inner diameter of the combustion chamber of the cylindrical section of the combustion chamber 6. The top surface of the cooling ring belt cavity 5 is the bottom surface of the flow guiding section 401; the bottom surface of the cooling ring belt cavity 5 is a liquid film horizontal guiding surface 7. The outer side surface of the cooling ring belt cavity 5 is located on the cylindrical section housing 2 of the combustion chamber, and the inner side surface of the cooling ring belt cavity 5 is open to form a cooling ring belt cavity outlet 8.

[0034] As Figure 2 And Figure 3 As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a plurality of through obliquely tangential holes 9 are provided on the flow guiding section 401, and the obliquely tangential holes 9 allow the fuel to lead from the fuel inlet 3 into the cooling ring belt cavity 5.

[0035] As Figure 1 And Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a liquid film slope guiding surface 10 is provided on the upper inner side wall of the cylindrical section housing 2 of the combustion chamber. The top edge of the liquid film slope guiding surface 10 is connected to the inner edge of the liquid film horizontal guiding surface 7; so that the fuel in the cooling ring belt cavity 5 closely flows along the liquid film horizontal guiding surface 7 and the liquid film slope guiding surface 10 to form a cooling ring belt liquid film on the inner side wall of the cylindrical section housing 2 of the combustion chamber.

[0036] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 1 And Figure 2 shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the inclination direction of the central axis of the obliquely tangential hole 9 is the same as the inclination direction of the liquid film slope guiding surface 10.

[0037] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 4 shown in Figure 4 , the included angle between the central axis of the obliquely tangential hole 9 and the liquid film horizontal guiding surface 7 is 60° - 80°.

[0038] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 2 shown in Figure 2 , the included angle between the liquid film slope guiding surface 10 and the liquid film horizontal guiding surface 7 is 70° - 80°.

[0039] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the inner diameter of the flow guiding section 401 is equal to the inner diameter of the injection section 402, and the outer diameter of the flow guiding section 401 is greater than the outer diameter of the injection section 402; the interior of the injector inner bottom 4 is the injector combustion chamber 403.

[0040] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the flow guiding section 401 is connected to the inner side wall of the injector housing 1, and a regenerative cooling channel 11 is formed between the injection section 402 and the injector housing 1. The bottom end of the regenerative cooling channel 11 is communicated with the fuel inlet 3; the injector combustion chamber 403 is communicated with the combustion chamber cylindrical section combustion chamber 6 in the combustion chamber cylindrical section housing 2.

[0041] In this embodiment, the working process of the self - splitting tangential - hole - type cooling annulus structure is as follows: Fuel enters the injector housing 1 from the fuel inlet 3. A part of the fuel enters the injector combustion chamber 403 after cooling the injector housing 1 through the regenerative cooling channel 11, and after being mixed with the oxidant in the injector combustion chamber 403, it enters the combustion chamber cylindrical section combustion chamber 6.

[0042] Another part of the fuel enters the cooling annulus ring cavity 5 from the inclined tangential holes 9. The fuel in the cooling annulus ring cavity 5 flows along the liquid film horizontal guiding surface 7 and the liquid film ramp guiding surface 10 to form a cooling annulus liquid film on the inner side wall of the combustion chamber cylindrical section housing 2, effectively cooling the high - temperature combustion area.

Claims

1. A self-dividing tangential hole type cooling ring belt structure, comprising an injector housing (1) and a combustion chamber cylindrical section housing (2), the side wall of the injector housing (1) being provided with a plurality of fuel inlets (3), and an injector inner bottom (4) with the top and bottom open being coaxially arranged in the injector housing (1); The injector inner bottom (4) comprises a coaxially integrally formed flow guide section (401) and an internal axially penetrating injection section (402), wherein the flow guide section (401) is located at the axial lower part of the injection section (402), and is characterized in that: A cooling annular cavity (5) is provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber cylindrical section shell (2) near the top, the inner diameter of the cooling annular cavity (5) is larger than the inner diameter of the combustion chamber cylindrical section combustion chamber (6), and the top surface of the cooling annular cavity (5) is the bottom surface of the guide section (401); the bottom surface of the cooling annular cavity (5) is a liquid film horizontal guide surface (7), the outer side surface of the cooling annular cavity (5) is located on the combustion chamber cylindrical section shell (2), and the inner side surface of the cooling annular cavity (5) is open to form a cooling annular cavity outlet (8); The guide section (401) is provided with a plurality of through-going oblique tangential holes (9), and the oblique tangential holes (9) allow fuel to flow from the fuel inlet (3) into the cooling annular zone annular cavity (5); A liquid film slope guide surface (10) is provided on the upper inner wall of the combustion chamber cylindrical section shell (2), and the top edge of the liquid film slope guide surface (10) is connected to the inner edge of the liquid film horizontal guide surface (7); so that the fuel in the cooling annular cavity (5) flows closely to the liquid film horizontal guide surface (7) and the liquid film slope guide surface (10) to the inner wall of the combustion chamber cylindrical section shell (2) to form a cooling annular liquid film.

2. The self-dividing tangential hole cooling ring belt structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination direction of the central axis of the oblique tangential hole (9) is the same as the inclination direction of the liquid film slope guide surface (10).

3. The self-dividing tangential hole cooling ring belt structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the central axis of the oblique tangential hole (9) and the liquid film horizontal guide surface (7) is 60° to 80°.

4. The self-dividing tangential hole cooling ring belt structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle between the liquid film slope guide surface (10) and the liquid film horizontal guide surface (7) is 70° to 80°.

5. The self-dividing tangential hole cooling ring belt structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the guide section (401) is equal to the inner diameter of the injection section (402), and the outer diameter of the guide section (401) is greater than the outer diameter of the injection section (402); the interior of the injector inner bottom (4) is the injector combustion chamber (403); The guide section (401) is connected to the inner wall of the injector housing (1), a regenerative cooling channel (11) is formed between the injection section (402) and the injector housing (1), and the bottom end of the regenerative cooling channel (11) is connected to the fuel inlet (3); the injector combustion chamber (403) is connected to the combustion chamber cylindrical section combustion chamber (6) in the combustion chamber cylindrical section housing (2).

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