Method for evaluating lodging resistance of rice and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a method for evaluating lodging resistance of rice and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of rice planting. The application provides a method for evaluating lodging resistance of rice, which is based on the principle of engineering bionics to simulate natural stress, realizes precise and efficient stress treatment and data collection by establishing a standardized test system with strong controllability, and has the advantages of strong representativeness, strong practicability, non-destructive testing and application of multiple elements. The method does not require specific fixed devices, has low evaluation cost, larger identification scale and is basically not limited, and has higher evaluation efficiency; the field identification is closer to the natural lodging state of rice. The technology realizes effective connection from basic research to production practice through a standardized path, and solves the problems of low efficiency, high cost and insufficient precision of the traditional rice lodging resistance test method.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rice lodging is a phenomenon that the stem of rice is inclined or even prostrate on the ground from the natural upright state under the interaction of external factors such as wind, rain, topography, soil environment, tillage measures and internal factors such as plant lodging resistance during the growth of rice. The interaction of cultivation conditions, climate environment and variety characteristics is the main reason for rice lodging. Severe lodging caused by wind, rain and other factors under natural conditions can reduce the yield of rice by 50%. In addition to causing yield loss, lodging can also cause significant quality decline. The humidity in the lodging crop community is significantly improved, which is conducive to the growth of fungi and induces diseases, and has an adverse effect on the appearance quality and intrinsic quality of grains. Lodging of plants can also cause a large number of ear sprouts, directly leading to quality decline, and the impact is more serious for varieties with weak seed dormancy characteristics. In addition, lodging can also cause difficulties in harvesting and other operations, thereby significantly reducing the harvesting efficiency and increasing the harvesting cost. Lodging has become one of the main factors affecting the mechanization and large-scale production of rice, leading to yield loss and quality decline, and restricting the further development of rice production. Therefore, the lodging resistance of rice varieties and the cultivation regulation technology for improving the lodging resistance of varieties are of great significance for high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality production of rice.

[0003] However, due to the reasons that the current traditional rice lodging resistance test method mainly relies on natural wind field or artificial simulation of wind force (such as fan array), there are still many deficiencies in the following aspects, which are not conducive to the efficient breeding of lodging-resistant varieties and the rapid optimization of cultivation technology. For example, low efficiency: uncontrollable natural wind field, long time waiting for specific wind conditions; high cost and limited coverage of artificial simulation equipment; poor precision: unable to accurately control wind speed, wind direction and wind field uniformity, resulting in poor repeatability of test results; complex operation: the existing method is difficult to realize large-scale, repeated and rapid testing in the field; destructive sampling test: on the one hand, it cannot fully reflect the actual lodging resistance under the complex environment in the field, and on the other hand, it is not conducive to the evaluation and screening of low-generation rice breeding materials or resources, that is, the amount of seeds is small, and each individual is very valuable, and the seeds cannot be obtained after the destructive sampling test.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a controllable, standardized, precise and efficient test and evaluation technology system to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of traditional methods, so as to promote the high-quality and efficient development of rice industry. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice, which can accurately and efficiently measure the lodging resistance of rice by manufacturing a specific wind field and constructing an evaluation index system, and has the advantage of strong controllability.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice, comprising:

[0008] The flight instrument flies above the target detection rice to apply a wind field to the rice; the wind field forms a wind speed of 8.0-11.0 m / s at the rice canopy; the flight instrument flies back and forth 2-3 times above the target detection rice to apply a wind field, so that the wind force covers the target detection rice area;

[0009] After the wind field is applied, the inclination angle of the rice is measured, and the inclination angle is divided into 5 inclination intervals, i.e., plant inclination angle α≤10°, 10°<α≤30°, 30°<α≤45°, 45°<α≤60° and α>60°;

[0010] The lodging rate in each inclination interval is calculated; the lodging rate in each inclination interval is the ratio of the lodging area of each inclination interval to the total area of the target detection rice area; or, the ratio of the lodging plants in each inclination interval to the total number of plants in the target detection rice area;

[0011] The lodging degree in each inclination interval is calculated by lodging degree=lodging rate×inclination angle weight; the inclination angle weight value corresponding to the inclination interval α≤10° is 0, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 10°<α≤30° is 1, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 30°<α≤45° is 2, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 45°<α≤60° is 3, and the inclination angle weight value corresponding to α>60° is 4;

[0012] The overall lodging degree is obtained by calculating the sum of the lodging degrees in each inclination interval; the overall lodging degree is negatively correlated with the lodging resistance of rice.

[0013] Preferably, the period of applying the wind field to the rice includes the end of the milk stage and / or the yellow ripe stage and any period therebetween.

[0014] Preferably, the flight instrument flies perpendicular to the planting direction of the rice when flying.

[0015] Preferably, the flight instrument flies at a constant speed along the center line of the target detection rice area when flying.

[0016] Preferably, the flight instrument comprises a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0017] Preferably, the flight speed of the flight instrument is 2-3 m / s; the flight height of the flight instrument is 1.0-2.0 m from the rice canopy.

[0018] Preferably, the inclination angle of the target detection area of the rice is determined within 0.5-4 hours after the wind field is applied to the rice.

[0019] Preferably, 0.0≤overall lodging degree<0.8, the rice has a high level of lodging resistance; 0.8≤overall lodging degree<1.6, the rice has a relatively high level of lodging resistance; 1.6≤overall lodging degree<2.4, the rice has a medium level of lodging resistance; 2.4≤overall lodging degree<3.2, the rice has a relatively low level of lodging resistance; and 3.2≤overall lodging degree<4.0, the rice has a low level of lodging resistance.

[0020] The application provides application of the method in screening of rice lodging-resistant germplasm resources.

[0021] The application provides application of the method in regulation of rice cultivation mode and / or regulation of rice quality.

[0022] The application has the following advantages:

[0023] The application provides a method for evaluating lodging resistance of rice, which comprises: flying a flight instrument above a target detection rice to apply a wind field to the rice; the wind field forms a wind speed of 8.0-11.0 m / s at a rice canopy; the flight instrument flies back and forth above the target detection rice for 2-3 times to apply the wind field, so that the wind force covers a target detection rice area; after the wind field is applied, the inclination angle of the rice is determined, the inclination angle is divided into five inclination intervals according to the inclination angle, and the inclination intervals are respectively an inclination angle α≤10°, 10°<α≤30°, 30°<α≤45°, 45°<α≤60° and α>60°; the lodging rate in each inclination interval is calculated; the lodging rate in each inclination interval is the ratio of the lodging area in each inclination interval to the total area of the target detection rice area; or, the ratio of the lodging plants in each inclination interval to the total number of plants in the target detection rice area; the lodging degree in each inclination interval is calculated through lodging degree=lodging rate×inclination angle weight; the inclination angle weight value corresponding to the inclination interval α≤10° is 0, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 10°<α≤30° is 1, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 30°<α≤45° is 2, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 45°<α≤60° is 3, and the inclination angle weight value corresponding to α>60° is 4; the overall lodging degree is obtained by calculating the sum of the lodging degrees in the inclination intervals; and the overall lodging degree is negatively correlated with the lodging resistance of the rice.

[0024] The method provided by the application simulates natural stress based on the principle of engineering bionics, realizes precise and efficient stress treatment and data collection through the establishment of a controllable standardized test system, the manufacturing of a specific wind field and the construction of an evaluation index system. The rice lodging resistance capacity measured by the method is representative, more close to the actual natural lodging situation, can relatively better comprehensively reflect the actual lodging resistance capacity in the complex field environment, can accurately and efficiently measure the lodging resistance property of rice, and has the advantage of strong controllability.

[0025] Further, the method has strong practicability: the device is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is controllable, and the method is suitable for large-scale field application; the method can realize nondestructive testing: the lodging resistance characteristics of rice varieties can be evaluated at high throughput without destructive sampling, which is very suitable for large-scale evaluation and screening of low-generation breeding materials, and significantly improves the breeding efficiency; the method is applied in multiple ways: it can not only screen lodging resistance germplasm resources, but also verify the actual effect of different cultivation modes (dense planting / fertilization) and regulation products, and provide quantitative basis for stress resistance research and cultivation technology optimization. The method provided by the application does not require a specific fixed device, has low evaluation cost, larger identification scale and is basically not limited, and has higher evaluation efficiency; the field identification is closer to the natural lodging state of rice. The technology realizes effective connection from basic research to production practice through a standardized path, and solves the problems of low efficiency, high cost and insufficient precision of traditional rice lodging resistance test methods.

[0026] Further, in the method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice provided by the application, the unmanned aerial vehicle can be used to manufacture a wind field for lodging treatment, which makes up for the shortcomings of the existing methods which rely on natural wind field or artificial simulated wind power, and the corresponding method provided by the application has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision and good repeatability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 For the process of evaluating the lodging resistance of rice, the flight path diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

[0029] Figure 2 For the process of evaluating the lodging resistance of rice, the flight path diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The application provides a method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice, comprising:

[0031] The flying instrument flies above the target detection rice to apply a wind field to the rice; the wind field forms a wind speed of 8.0-11.0 m / s at the rice canopy; the flying instrument flies above the target detection rice for 2-3 times to apply the wind field, so that the wind force covers the target detection rice area;

[0032] After the wind field is applied, the inclination angle of the rice is measured, and the inclination angle is divided into 5 inclination intervals, i.e., a plant inclination angle α≤10°, 10°<α≤30°, 30°<α≤45°, 45°<α≤60° and α>60°;

[0033] The lodging rate in each inclination interval is calculated; the lodging rate in each inclination interval is the ratio of the lodging area of each inclination interval to the total area of the target detection rice area; or, the ratio of the lodging plants in each inclination interval to the total number of plants in the target detection rice area;

[0034] The lodging degree in each inclination interval is calculated by lodging degree=lodging rate×inclination angle weight; the inclination angle weight value corresponding to the inclination interval α≤10° is 0, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 10°<α≤30° is 1, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 30°<α≤45° is 2, the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 45°<α≤60° is 3, and the inclination angle weight value corresponding to α>60° is 4;

[0035] The overall lodging degree is obtained by calculating the sum of the lodging degrees in each inclination interval; the overall lodging degree is negatively correlated with the lodging resistance of the rice.

[0036] The method provided by the application can be used to directly evaluate the lodging resistance of different rice varieties in an area where the rice has been planted; or the lodging resistance of a specific rice variety can be directly detected after the rice is planted. As an optional embodiment of the application, when the lodging resistance of different rice varieties is evaluated by using the method, the cultivation and planting methods of the rice are consistent. As an optional embodiment of the application, when the lodging resistance of a rice variety and / or multiple different rice varieties is determined, a rice variety with known lodging resistance can be set as a control or reference.

[0037] In the present application, the method is not particularly limited to the cultivation method of the rice, and any conventional rice cultivation method can be used, i.e., the method provided by the present application can be used in different rice cultivation methods to evaluate the lodging resistance of rice. When the method provided by the present application is used to evaluate the lodging resistance of a rice variety and / or multiple rice varieties, a rice variety with known lodging resistance can be used as a control and / or reference. When the method provided by the present application is used to evaluate the lodging resistance of multiple rice varieties, the cultivation methods of the multiple rice varieties are preferably consistent. The cultivation method includes agronomic measures such as planting density and / or fertilization method.

[0038] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the method is used to evaluate the lodging resistance at the end of the milk stage and / or the yellow ripe stage, or any period between the two. In other words, the period when the wind field is applied to the rice includes the end of the milk stage and / or the yellow ripe stage, or any period between the two. The period between the two includes the dough stage. The method provided by the present application can be used at any stage from the end of the milk stage to the end of the yellow ripe stage. When the method is used to detect different varieties of rice, the growth stages of different varieties of rice may not be consistent, and different varieties of rice may be at different growth stages on the detection day. The method provided by the present application can be used when the different varieties of rice to be detected are at the end of the milk stage and / or the yellow ripe stage, or any period between the two, i.e., the method provided by the present application can be used when the different varieties of rice to be detected are at any stage of the end of the milk stage, the dough stage, and the yellow ripe stage, for example: some rice varieties are at the end of the milk stage, and others are at the dough stage. The method provided by the present application can be used to evaluate the lodging resistance of rice; or some rice varieties are at the end of the milk stage, and others are at the yellow ripe stage. The method provided by the present application can be used to evaluate the lodging resistance of rice; or some rice varieties are at the dough stage, and others are at the yellow ripe stage. The method provided by the present application can be used to evaluate the lodging resistance of rice; or some rice varieties are at the end of the milk stage, some are at the dough stage, and some are at the yellow ripe stage. The method provided by the present application can be used to evaluate the lodging resistance of rice. The reason why the lodging resistance of rice is detected at this period in the present application is mainly that the rice is most likely to lodge or has a higher probability of lodging at this period in production practice. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the end of the milk stage includes more than 80% of the middle part of the rice ear filled with grain content in the husk; the content is milk-like content. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the yellow ripe stage refers to the period when more than 80% of the rice husks of early rice are yellow, and more than 90% of the rice husks of medium and late rice are yellow.

[0039] The flying instrument flies above the target detection rice to apply a wind field to the rice; the wind field forms a wind speed of 8.0-11.0 m / s at the rice canopy. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the wind speed formed by the wind field at the rice canopy can be 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9 or 11.0 m / s. In the method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice, the present application can better reflect the lodging resistance of rice by measuring under the condition of a wind field of 8.0-11.0 m / s; if the wind speed is less than 8.0 m / s, the rice will not lodge or the lodging probability will be low, and if the wind speed is greater than 11.0 m / s, most varieties will lodge, thereby failing to screen varieties with excellent lodging resistance performance.

[0040] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the flying instrument comprises a drone; the drone can be a multi-rotor unmanned aircraft; the drone can be a DJI T60, a DJI T25P drone or a drone capable of generating a wind field with the same wind speed. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the flying instrument can fly at a height of 1.0-2.0 m from the rice canopy to apply a wind field to the target detection rice; the height can be 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 m. In the present application, the flying instrument preferably flies vertically to the planting row direction of the rice; the flight preferably follows the center flight path of the target detection rice area, and more preferably flies at a constant speed along the center flight path of the target detection rice area. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the flying instrument adopts an automatic flight mode during the formation of the wind field; the flight speed of the flying instrument can be 2-3 m / s, or 2, 2.5 or 3 m / s.

[0041] As an optional embodiment of the present application, the flying instrument flies back and forth above the target detection rice 2-3 times to apply a wind field during the application of the wind field, or 2 or 3 times; during the flight, the flying instrument ensures that the width of the wind field matches the width of the target detection rice area, and the wind uniformly covers the target area. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the width of the wind field matches the width of the target detection rice area, i.e., the width of the wind field is ≥ the width of the target detection rice area. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the width of the target detection rice area can be 1.5-3 m, or 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 m. The present application does not have special limitations on the length of the target detection rice area, which can be any length > 0. In the examples, a test plot with a length of 15 m is taken as an example to specifically describe the method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice provided by the present application.

[0042] The present application measures the inclination angle of the rice in the target detection area after applying a wind field to the rice. As an optional embodiment of the present application, the inclination angle of the rice in the target detection area is measured within 0.5-4 hours after the wind field is applied to the rice. After the inclination angle of the rice is measured, the present application preferably calculates the lodging degree of the rice according to the inclination angle of the rice, and then obtains the overall lodging degree of the rice, and evaluates the lodging resistance of the rice according to the overall lodging degree of the rice. In the present application, the overall lodging degree is negatively correlated with the lodging resistance of the rice.

[0043] After the inclination angle of the rice is obtained, the present application preferably divides a certain rice variety to be measured in the target detection area of the rice into five inclination intervals according to the inclination angle, i.e., an inclination interval of a plant inclination angle α≤10°, an inclination interval of 10°<α≤30°, an inclination interval of 30°<α≤45°, an inclination interval of 45°<α≤60°, and an inclination interval of α>60°. The five inclination intervals can also be referred to as a plant inclination angle α≤10°, 10°<α≤30°, 30°<α≤45°, 45°<α≤60°, and α>60°.

[0044] After the inclination intervals of the target detection area of the rice are determined, the present application preferably calculates the lodging rate in each inclination interval. In the present application, the lodging rate in each inclination interval is the ratio of the lodging area of each inclination interval to the total area of the target detection area of the rice, or the ratio of the lodging plants of each inclination interval to the total number of plants in the target detection area of the rice.

[0045] After the lodging rate in each inclination interval of the rice to be measured is determined, the lodging degree in each inclination interval is calculated according to the lodging rate. The present application calculates the lodging degree in each inclination interval by lodging degree=lodging rate×inclination angle weight. The inclination angle weight value corresponding to α≤10° in the inclination interval is 0; the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 10°<α≤30° is 1; the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 30°<α≤45° is 2; the inclination angle weight value corresponding to 45°<α≤60° is 3; and the inclination angle weight value corresponding to α>60° is 4.

[0046] After the lodging degree in each inclination interval is obtained, the overall lodging degree is obtained by calculating the sum of the lodging degrees in each inclination interval. The overall lodging degree is negatively correlated with the lodging resistance of the rice. As an optional embodiment of the present application, 0.0≤overall lodging degree<0.8, the lodging resistance of the rice is strong; 0.8≤overall lodging degree<1.6, the lodging resistance of the rice is relatively strong; 1.6≤overall lodging degree<2.4, the lodging resistance of the rice is medium; 2.4≤overall lodging degree<3.2, the lodging resistance of the rice is relatively poor; and 3.2≤overall lodging resistance of the rice<4.0, the lodging resistance of the rice is poor.

[0047] The existing methods for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice mainly include: lodging grade method, stem bending moment method, stem elasticity method, and lodging index method, etc. The traditional test method for the lodging resistance of rice mainly relies on natural wind field or artificial simulated wind force (such as fan array), and has the following disadvantages: (1) low efficiency: the natural wind field is uncontrollable, and needs to wait for a long time for specific wind force conditions; the artificial simulation equipment has high cost and limited coverage; (2) poor precision: the wind speed, wind direction and wind field uniformity cannot be accurately controlled, resulting in poor repeatability of the test results; (3) complex operation: the existing method is difficult to realize large-scale, repeated and rapid testing in the field.

[0048] The method provided by the present application has more objective, quantitative and accurate data, is less affected by human factors, has higher efficiency, and has good repeatability compared with the existing “lodging grade method”.

[0049] The method provided by the present application does not need destructive sampling, can be performed in the field in real time, and can relatively better comprehensively reflect the actual lodging resistance in the complex environment in the field compared with the existing “stem bending moment method” and “stem elasticity method”.

[0050] The method provided by the present application has lower calculation complexity, simpler equipment and method, and stronger operability compared with the existing “lodging index method”, which does not need a large amount of data support and model verification.

[0051] The method provided by the present application is more accurate and controllable, and can reproduce standardized test conditions compared with the randomness of the evaluation of the lodging characteristics of rice under natural wind and rain conditions.

[0052] The method provided by the present application does not need a specific fixed device, has low evaluation cost, larger identification scale, and is basically not limited, and has higher evaluation efficiency compared with “CN108241786A-A method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice” and “CN115683819A-A device for measuring the lodging resistance of rice in the field”.

[0053] The present application provides the application of the above-mentioned technical solutions in the screening of rice lodging resistance germplasm resources. The method provided by the present application can screen rice lodging resistance germplasm resources by evaluating the lodging resistance of rice.

[0054] The application provides application of the method in rice cultivation mode regulation and / or regulation of rice quality. As an optional embodiment of the application, the cultivation mode comprises a cultivation density of the rice and / or a fertilization method of the rice. For example, the method can be used to verify different cultivation densities of the same rice, and if the anti-lodging ability of the rice is stronger after detection by the method under the corresponding cultivation density, the corresponding cultivation density can be used as a cultivation density for efficient yield increase of the rice. Alternatively, the method can be used to verify different fertilization methods of the same rice, and if the anti-lodging ability of the rice is stronger after detection by the method under the corresponding fertilization method, the corresponding fertilization method can be used as a fertilization method for efficient yield increase of the rice. The method provided by the application can also regulate the quality of the rice. The method can be used to screen anti-lodging rice varieties and screen the most suitable cultivation mode for a rice, thereby being conducive to improving the quality of the rice and achieving the effect of regulating the quality of the rice.

[0055] The method provided by the application can screen anti-lodging germplasm resources and verify the actual effect of different cultivation modes (dense planting / fertilization) and regulation of the quality of the rice, thereby providing a quantitative basis for stress resistance research and optimization of cultivation techniques, and being conducive to better regulation of the quality of the rice. The technology realizes effective connection from basic research to production practice through a standardized path, and solves the problems of low efficiency, high cost and insufficient precision of traditional rice anti-lodging test methods.

[0056] In order to further illustrate the application, the technical effects provided by the application are described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the application.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] A method for evaluating the anti-lodging property of rice, comprising the following steps:

[0059] 1. Unmanned aerial vehicle wind field pressure stress treatment

[0060] Unmanned aerial vehicle selection and parameter setting: a general multi-rotor agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle for rice production, DJI T60 or DJI T25P, is selected, and an automatic flight mode is adopted for uniform flight; the flight height is set to be 1.0-2.0 meters away from the rice canopy, and the flight speed is set to be 2-3 m / s, and a 5-level gale standard is generated, that is, the wind speed at the rice canopy is 8.0-11.0 m / s.

[0061] Wind field control: fly along the center flight line of the test area at a uniform speed vertically to the rice planting direction, fly back and forth 2-3 times, and ensure that the width of the wind field matches the width of the test area, that is, the width of the test area is less than or equal to the width of the wind field, and the wind uniformly covers the target area, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0062] 2. Overall lodging degree evaluation

[0063] After all the varieties in the evaluated rice population enter the late milk stage, that is, at any period between the late milk stage and the yellow ripe stage of the growth period of all the varieties in the evaluated rice population, the wind field in the rice canopy is formed on the upper part of the evaluated rice population using the method described in step 1.

[0064] Within 0.5-4.0 hours after the UAV wind field processing, the inclination angle and the lodging rate of the evaluated rice population are investigated using the overall lodging degree evaluation method, then the lodging degree and the overall lodging degree are calculated using the lodging rate and the inclination angle weight, and finally the overall lodging degree value is used to evaluate the lodging resistance level of the variety.

[0065] Grouping of the inclination of the evaluated population: the inclination of the rice population in a single evaluation unit is subdivided into 5 inclination intervals, i.e. plant inclination angle a≤10°, 10°<a≤30°, 30°<a≤45°, 45°<a≤60° and a>60°.

[0066] Lodging rate (Lodging ratio, LR) calculation: the lodging rate of a certain inclination interval refers to the ratio of the lodging area to the total area of the test plot within a certain plant inclination angle interval; or the ratio of the lodging plants to the total number of plants in the test plot within a certain plant inclination angle interval; that is: the lodging rate of a certain inclination interval = the lodging area in a certain plant inclination angle interval / the total area of the population × 100% = the number of lodging plants in a certain plant inclination angle interval / the total number of plants in the population × 100%.

[0067] Tilt angle weight (Tilt angle weight, TAW) assignment: the tilt angle weight is a specific constant, which is a weight value assigned according to the influence of the inclination angle a of the rice plant on the severity of lodging to reflect the actual threat of lodging to yield. The greater the plant inclination angle, the more serious the lodging, and the greater the impact on yield, so a higher weight is assigned to make the lodging rate of this interval contribute more to the total lodging degree, thus more accurately reflecting the lodging resistance of the variety. The specific assignment is shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1 Assignment of plant inclination angle a and its biological significance

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Lodging degree (Lodging degree, LD) calculation: the lodging degree of a certain inclination interval refers to the product of the lodging rate and the weight of a certain inclination interval, that is: the lodging degree of a certain inclination interval = the lodging rate of a certain inclination interval × the tilt angle weight.

[0072] Overall lodging degree (OLD) calculation: Overall lodging degree refers to the overall inclination or lodging degree of all plants in the evaluated population, which is the sum of the lodging degrees of 5 inclination intervals. The larger the OLD value, the worse the lodging resistance of the variety. The specific calculation formula and value requirements are as follows:

[0073] OLD = LR1 x 0 + LR2 x 1 + LR3 x 2 + LR4 x 3 + LR5 x 4, 0.0 < OLD < 4.0, with one decimal place.

[0074] LR1: The ratio of the number of plants with an inclination angle a < 10° to the total number of plants in the population, or the ratio of the area with an inclination angle a < 10° to the total area of the population;

[0075] LR2: The ratio of the number of plants with an inclination angle 10° < a < 30° to the total number of plants in the population, or the ratio of the area with an inclination angle 10° < a < 30° to the total area of the population;

[0076] LR3: The ratio of the number of plants with an inclination angle 30° < a < 45° to the total number of plants in the population, or the ratio of the area with an inclination angle 30° < a < 45° to the total area of the population;

[0077] LR4: The ratio of the number of plants with an inclination angle 45° < a < 60° to the total number of plants in the population, or the ratio of the area with an inclination angle 45° < a < 60° to the total area of the population;

[0078] LR5: The ratio of the number of plants with an inclination angle 60° < a to the total number of plants in the population, or the ratio of the area with an inclination angle 60° < a to the total area of the population.

[0079] According to the OLD value, the lodging resistance level of the variety is evaluated, as shown in Table 2.

[0080] Table 2 OLD value evaluation of lodging resistance level of variety

[0081] Overall lodging level OLD value interval range Variety lodging resistance level 0.0 < OLD < 0.8 Strong 0.8 < OLD < 1.6 Stronger 1.6 < OLD < 2.4 Medium 2.4 < OLD < 3.2 Less strong 3.2 < OLD < 4.0 Weak 4.0 < OLD

[0082] The OLD value can be directly used to evaluate the lodging resistance of the variety, and can also be used to compare the lodging resistance of different varieties.

[0083] Application Example 1

[0084] Test site: Guocun Village Test Base, Longmen Town, Lukou District, Zhuzhou City.

[0085] Width of test area: 2m; length of test area: 15m; 5 rows of protection rows are set around the test area.

[0086] Selected unmanned aerial vehicle type: DJI T60.

[0087] The test area is randomly divided into 15 plots, respectively planting Nongxiang 42, Taiyou 39, Tianyou Huazhan (Tianyou Huazhan as a control variety, for large-scale production and application and multi-year multi-point test in the strong anti-lodging ability of variety), Yliang 911 and Yeshang Youlishi, each plot planting a rice variety, directly adjacent to each other, without empty row. Each rice variety is tested in triplicate, with 50 plants arranged in 5 rows, and 10 plants per row. The plant spacing of rice is 20 cm x 20 cm.

[0088] Due to the difference in growth period between varieties, when all varieties are in the late milk ripening stage to the yellow ripening stage (i.e. in the late milk ripening stage or the yellow ripening stage or any period between the late milk ripening stage and the yellow ripening stage), the anti-lodging ability of each variety is detected using the anti-lodging evaluation method of Example 1.

[0089] The specific method is:

[0090] The unmanned aerial vehicle adopts an automatic flight mode and flies at a uniform speed. The flight height is set to be 1.5 m away from the rice canopy, and the flight speed is 2.5 m / s, forming a wind field of 8.0-11.0 m / s in the rice canopy, i.e. a 5-level gale standard.

[0091] The unmanned aerial vehicle flies at a uniform speed along the center line of the test area perpendicular to the rice planting row direction, and makes 3 round trips. The time for one round trip of the unmanned aerial vehicle is about 15 seconds, ensuring that the wind field width matches the test area and the wind force uniformly covers the target area.

[0092] Within 0.5-4.0 hours after the unmanned aerial vehicle wind field treatment, the overall lodging degree evaluation method is used to complete the lodging degree investigation and anti-lodging trait evaluation.

[0093] The anti-lodging ability of each variety is evaluated using the above method. The specific data (3 times repeated average) of Tianyou Huazhan, Nongxiang 42 and Yeshang Youlishi, Taiyou 39 and Yliang 911 are as follows.

[0094] The evaluation index detection results of the anti-lodging ability of each variety of rice are shown in Table 3.

[0095] Table 3 Evaluation index detection results of the anti-lodging ability of each variety of rice (average of 3 parallel tests)

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyou Huazhan is (8% x 4 + 16% x 3 + 22% x 2 + 30% x 1 + 24% x 0) = 1.5;

[0099] The OLD of Nongxiang Youlixi is (0% x 4 + 6% x 3 + 10% x 2 + 28% x 1 + 56% x 0) = 0.7;

[0100] The OLD of Nongxiang Youlixi is (0% x 4 + 6% x 3 + 10% x 2 + 28% x 1 + 56% x 0) = 0.7;

[0101] The OLD of Nongxiang Youlixi is (0% x 4 + 6% x 3 + 10% x 2 + 28% x 1 + 56% x 0) = 0.7;

[0102] The OLD of Nongxiang Youlixi is (0% x 4 + 6% x 3 + 10% x 2 + 28% x 1 + 56% x 0) = 0.7;

[0103] According to the evaluation criteria provided by the application, it is determined that the lodging resistance of Y Liangyou 911 is strong, the lodging resistance of Tianyou Huazhan is relatively strong, the lodging resistance of Nongxiang 42 is medium, and the lodging resistance of Nongxiang Youlixi and Taiyou Nong 39 is poor. The results of evaluating the lodging resistance of the above-mentioned five varieties by using the method for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice according to the application are consistent with the experience of large-scale production of the corresponding varieties.

[0104] Application Example 2

[0105] The specific method is the same as that in Application Example 1, and the only difference is that the wind field formed by the unmanned aerial vehicle when the rice canopy is 6.0-7.5 m / s. The evaluation results of the lodging resistance of each variety are as shown in Table 4.

[0106] Table 4 Evaluation results of the lodging resistance of each variety of rice (wind speed 6.0-7.5 m / s)

[0107]

[0108] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyou Huazhan is (0% x 4 + 0% x 3 + 4% x 2 + 8% x 1 + 88% x 0) = 0.2;

[0109] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyou Huazhan is (0% x 4 + 0% x 3 + 4% x 2 + 8% x 1 + 88% x 0) = 0.2;

[0110] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyou Huazhan is (0% x 4 + 0% x 3 + 4% x 2 + 8% x 1 + 88% x 0) = 0.2;

[0111] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyou Huazhan is (0% x 4 + 0% x 3 + 4% x 2 + 8% x 1 + 88% x 0) = 0.2;

[0112] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyou Huazhan is (0% x 4 + 0% x 3 + 4% x 2 + 8% x 1 + 88% x 0) = 0.2;

[0113] In the above-mentioned wind field with a canopy wind speed of 6.0-7.5 m / s, the OLD values of the five test varieties were all between 0 and 0.8, and all due to strong or relatively strong resistance to lodging. Obviously, the results do not match the performance of each variety in large-area production, especially the two varieties of Taiyoukou 39 and Yexiangyoulishi, which have relatively poor resistance to lodging in large-area production.

[0114] Application Example 3

[0115] The specific method is the same as in Application Example 1, with the only difference being that the wind field formed by the unmanned aerial vehicle when the canopy of the rice is 11.5-13.0 m / s. The evaluation and detection results of the resistance to lodging of each test variety are as shown in Table 5.

[0116] Table 5 Evaluation and detection results of the resistance to lodging of each variety of rice (wind speed 11.5-13.0 m / s)

[0117]

[0118] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyouhuazhan is (40% x 4 + 30% x 3 + 10% x 2 + 14% x 1 + 6% x 0) = 2.8.

[0119] The OLD of Nongxiang 42 is (54% x 4 + 36% x 3 + 6% x 2 + 4% x 1 + 0 x 0) = 3.4.

[0120] The OLD of Yexiangyoulishi is (84% x 4 + 16% x 3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x 1 + 0 x 0) = 3.8.

[0121] The OLD of Taiyoukou 39 is (80% x 4 + 18% x 3 + 2% x 2 + 0 x 1 + 0 x 0) = 3.8.

[0122] The OLD of Yliangyou 911 is (24% x 4 + 30% x 3 + 14% x 2 + 20% x 1 + 12% x 0) = 2.3.

[0123] In the above-mentioned wind field with a canopy wind speed of 11.5-13.0 m / s, Tianyouhuazhan showed poor resistance to lodging, Nongxiang 42, Yexiangyoulishi and Taiyoukou 39 showed poor resistance to lodging, and Yliangyou 911 showed moderate resistance to lodging. There is a certain difference between the performance of each variety in large-area production, especially the two varieties of Tianyouhuazhan and Yliangyou 911, which have strong or relatively strong resistance to lodging in large-area production.

[0124] Application Example 4

[0125] The specific method is the same as that in application example 1, the only difference is that: when each test variety is in the heading stage to the middle stage of milk ripening (i.e. any stage between the heading stage, the middle stage of milk ripening or the two stages), the wind field treatment of 8.0-11.0 m / s is carried out on the upper part of the test variety, and the evaluation and detection results of the lodging resistance of each test variety are as follows in Table 6:

[0126] Table 6 Evaluation index detection results of the lodging resistance of each variety of rice

[0127]

[0128] The overall lodging degree OLD of Tianyouhuazhan is (0% x 4 + 4% x 3 + 10% x 2 + 28% x 1 + 58% x 0) = 0.6;

[0129] The OLD of Nongxiang 42 is (0% x 4 + 16% x 3 + 22% x 2 + 40% x 1 + 22% x 0) = 1.3;

[0130] The OLD of Yesengyoulishi is (6% x 4 + 30% x 3 + 24% x 2 + 14% x 1 + 26% x 0) = 1.8;

[0131] The OLD of Taiyou Nong 39 is (10% x 4 + 34% x 3 + 16% x 2 + 10% x 1 + 30% x 0) = 1.8;

[0132] The OLD of Y Liangyou 911 is (0 x 4 + 0 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 34% x 1 + 66% x 0) = 0.3.

[0133] When the wind field treatment of 8.0-11.0 m / s is carried out in the above-mentioned heading stage to the middle stage of milk ripening, Tianyouhuazhan and Y Liangyou 911 show strong lodging resistance, Nongxiang 42 has relatively strong lodging resistance, Yesengyoulishi and Taiyou Nong 39 show medium, which is different from the performance of each variety in large-area production, and the overall lodging resistance is relatively high, especially Taiyou Nong 39 and Yesengyoulishi, which are two varieties with poor lodging resistance in large-area production.

[0134] Although the above embodiment describes the present application in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained according to the present embodiment without creativity, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating lodging resistance traits in rice, characterized in that, include: The flying instrument flies over the rice target to apply a wind field to the rice; the wind field forms a wind speed of 8.0 to 11.0 m / s in the rice canopy; the flying instrument flies back and forth over the rice target 2 to 3 times to apply the wind field, so that the wind covers the area of ​​the rice target. After the wind field was applied, the tilt angle of the rice was measured and divided into 5 tilt intervals according to the tilt angle, namely, plant tilt angle α≤10°, 10°<α≤30°, 30°<α≤45°, 45°<α≤60° and α>60°; Calculate the lodging rate in each tilted section; the lodging rate in each tilted section is the ratio of the lodged area in each tilted section to the total area of ​​the target rice area; or, the ratio of the lodged plants in each tilted section to the total number of plants in the target rice area. The lodging degree is calculated in each tilt interval by using the formula: lodging degree = lodging rate × tilt angle weight. The tilt angle weight is 0 for tilt intervals α≤10°, 1 for 10°<α≤30°, 2 for 30°<α≤45°, 3 for 45°<α≤60°, and 4 for α>60°. The overall lodging degree is obtained by calculating the sum of the lodging degrees in each tilted section; the overall lodging degree is negatively correlated with the lodging resistance trait of rice.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The timing for applying wind fields to rice includes the late milk stage and / or the yellow ripe stage, and any period in between.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flight instrument flies perpendicular to the rice planting rows.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The flight instrument flies along the central flight path of the target rice detection area during flight.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flight instruments include multi-rotor drones.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The flight speed of the flight instrument is 2-3 m / s; the flight altitude of the flight instrument is 1.0-2.0 m above the rice canopy.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within 0.5 to 4 hours after the wind field is applied to the rice paddies, the tilt angle of the rice in the target detection area is measured.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, 0.0 ≤ overall lodging degree < 0.8, rice has strong lodging resistance; 0.8 ≤ overall lodging degree < 1.6, rice has relatively strong lodging resistance; 1.6 ≤ overall lodging degree < 2.4, rice has moderate lodging resistance; 2.4 ≤ overall lodging degree < 3.2, rice has relatively poor lodging resistance; 3.2 ≤ overall lodging degree < 4.0, rice has very poor lodging resistance.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in screening lodging-resistant rice germplasm resources.

10. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the regulation of rice cultivation patterns and / or the regulation of rice quality.

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