Method and device for suppressing abnormal amplitude of seismic data

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for suppressing abnormal amplitude of seismic data. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a seismic trace set; dividing the seismic channel set into a plurality of seismic channel subsets; determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to preset lengths and preset widths of the time windows; and carrying out abnormal amplitude value suppression on each time window, splicing the seismic channels corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic channel subset, and combining the seismic channel subsets into a suppressed final seismic channel set. According to the method, the abnormal amplitude value is suppressed in combination with the time window in a data partitioning mode, so that the suppression effect on the abnormal amplitude value when the continuous multi-channel abnormal amplitude occurs can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of seismic data processing in the field of earth sciences, and more specifically, to a method and device for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data. Background Art

[0002] During the acquisition of field seismic data, due to the influence of construction environment and underground seismic geological conditions, there are always various types of noise in the original seismic data collected in the field, such as strong amplitude interference noises like transient mechanical vibrations, burst pulses, abnormal disturbances, acoustic waves, 50Hz alternating current, etc. Most of this kind of noise does not have wave characteristics, has no propagation law, and cannot be characterized by travel time. It has strong randomness, is unpredictable, and has extremely strong destructiveness. It has a strong interference ability for geological target exploration and seriously affects the imaging quality of seismic data. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention discloses a solution for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data is provided. The suppression method includes: acquiring a seismic trace gather; dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window; suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining each seismic trace subset into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0005] In some embodiments, the suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window includes: performing Fourier transform on the seismic trace data in each time window to obtain frequency domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determining a threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and threshold; dividing the frequency domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of band data; determining the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; determining whether the amplitude value of each time window at each frequency is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency and the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; in the case where there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determining a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppressing the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value of the time window after suppression.

[0006] In some embodiments, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a subset of the suppressed seismic traces, and combining each subset of seismic traces into a final set of suppressed seismic traces includes: performing an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data of the abnormal amplitude values of each time window after suppression to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; according to the overlapping relationship between multiple time windows corresponding to each subset of seismic traces, splicing the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the subset of seismic traces, and using it as the set of seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows; combining multiple subsets of the suppressed seismic traces into a final set of the suppressed seismic traces.

[0007] In some embodiments, the suppression method further includes: using the final set of the suppressed seismic traces as a new set of seismic traces, re-executing each step after obtaining the set of seismic traces, and using the set of the suppressed seismic traces obtained again as the final suppression result.

[0008] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a device for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data. The suppression device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring a set of seismic traces; a seismic trace set division module for dividing the set of seismic traces into multiple subsets of seismic traces; wherein the seismic trace data in each subset of seismic traces is discontinuous; a time window determination module for determining multiple time windows corresponding to each subset of seismic traces according to the preset length and preset width of the time window; a data combination module for suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a subset of the suppressed seismic traces, and combining each subset of seismic traces into a final set of the suppressed seismic traces.

[0009] In some embodiments, the data combination module is further configured to perform a Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain the frequency-domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determine the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency according to a preset function; wherein the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and threshold; divide the frequency-domain data corresponding to each time window into multiple band data; determine the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; determine whether the amplitude value of each time window at each frequency is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency and the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; in the case where there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determine a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppress the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value of the time window after suppression.

[0010] In some embodiments, the data merging module is further configured to perform an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; according to the overlapping relationship between multiple time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, splice the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the seismic trace subset and use it as the suppressed seismic trace subset; merge the seismic trace subsets corresponding to multiple suppressed time windows into the finally suppressed seismic trace set.

[0011] In some embodiments, the suppressing device is further configured to use the finally suppressed seismic trace set as a new seismic trace set, re-execute each step after obtaining the seismic trace set, and use the finally suppressed seismic trace set obtained again as the final suppression result.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is further provided. The electronic device includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data described above.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data described above.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages: a seismic trace set can be obtained, and then the seismic trace set is divided into multiple seismic trace subsets. Then, according to the preset length and width of the time window, multiple time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset are determined. Finally, the abnormal amplitude values of each time window are suppressed, and the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows are spliced into the suppressed seismic trace subset, and each seismic trace subset is merged into the finally suppressed seismic trace set. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the seismic data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous. By using the data block method and combining the time window to suppress the abnormal amplitude value, the suppression effect on the continuous multi-channel abnormal amplitude can be improved.

[0015] The method and device of the present invention have other characteristics and advantages, which will be obvious in the accompanying drawings and subsequent specific embodiments incorporated herein, or will be described in detail in the accompanying drawings and subsequent specific embodiments incorporated herein. These drawings and specific embodiments are jointly used to explain the specific principles of the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0016] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing the exemplary embodiments of the present invention in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein, in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0017] Figure 1 The flowchart of a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 The reference schematic diagram of a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0019] Figure 3 The reference schematic diagram of a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed implementation

[0020] In the related art, the commonly used method in the abnormal amplitude suppression technology is mainly to set a threshold value. In the time window containing abnormal amplitude sampling points, the discrimination method of average absolute amplitude or root mean square amplitude is used to set the threshold value. The sampling point values greater than the threshold value are regarded as abnormal amplitudes, and then the method of using the threshold value or the median of adjacent points to replace the abnormal amplitude is adopted to achieve the purpose of attenuating the abnormal amplitude. However, in the actually collected seismic records, when there are still abnormal amplitudes around a certain abnormal amplitude sampling point in the seismic trace, the median of its adjacent sampling points will also be a relatively large amplitude. At this time, if the median of the adjacent sampling points is used as the reference amplitude, the abnormal amplitude cannot be effectively attenuated, resulting in a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of the subsequent seismic data. Therefore, the processing method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data in the prior art has a poor suppression effect on continuous multi-channel abnormal amplitudes, the amplitude consistency of the suppressed seismic traces is poor, and it is easy to cause loss of effective signals.

[0021] In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data. The seismic trace gather can be obtained, and then the seismic trace gather is divided into multiple seismic trace subsets. Then, according to the preset length and preset width of the time window, multiple time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset are determined. Finally, the abnormal amplitude values of each time window are suppressed, and the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows are spliced into the suppressed seismic trace subsets, and each seismic trace subset is merged into the finally suppressed seismic trace gather. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the seismic data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous. By the way of data block division and combining the time window to suppress the abnormal amplitude values, the suppression effect on continuous multi-channel abnormal amplitudes can be improved.

[0022] Specifically, the present invention proposes a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data. The suppression method includes: obtaining a seismic trace gather; dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window; suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining each seismic trace subset into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0023] In some embodiments, the suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window includes: performing Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency-domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determining a threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship among time, frequency, and threshold; dividing the frequency-domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of frequency band data; determining the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; determining whether the amplitude value of each frequency of each time window is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window and the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; in the case that there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determining a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppressing the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value after suppression of the time window.

[0024] In some embodiments, the splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset and combining each seismic trace subset into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather includes: performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splicing the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, and using it as the seismic trace set corresponding to the suppressed time window; combining a plurality of suppressed seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0025] In some embodiments, the suppression method further includes: using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather as a new seismic trace gather, re-executing each step after obtaining the seismic trace gather, and using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather obtained again as the final suppression result.

[0026] The present invention also provides a device for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data. The suppressing device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring a seismic trace gather; a seismic trace gather division module for dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; a time window determination module for determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window; a data merging module for suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and merging the respective seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0027] In some embodiments, the data merging module is further configured to perform a Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determine a threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency according to a preset function; wherein the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and the threshold; divide the frequency domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of frequency band data; determine the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; determine whether the amplitude value of each time window at each frequency is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency and the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; in the case where there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determine a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppress the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value of the time window after suppression.

[0028] In some embodiments, the data merging module is further configured to perform an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain data of each time window and / or the frequency domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splice the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, and use it as the suppressed seismic trace subset; merge the seismic trace subsets corresponding to the plurality of suppressed time windows into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0029] In some embodiments, the suppressing device is further configured to use the finally suppressed seismic trace gather as a new seismic trace gather, re - execute each step after acquiring the seismic trace gather, and use the seismic trace gather obtained after suppression again as the final suppression result.

[0030] The present invention also provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor, and the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data described above.

[0031] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data described above.

[0032] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in the figure, the method includes steps 1 to 4.

[0035] Step 1, obtain a seismic trace gather. Exemplarily, the seismic trace gather may include a number of seismic data, which can be obtained by an acquisition device in related technologies, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this here.

[0036] Step 2, divide the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets. Among them, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit how to achieve the discontinuity of the seismic trace data in the seismic trace subset here, and there only needs to be a data interval. For example, a seismic data can be extracted at a certain interval to generate a plurality of seismic trace subsets. For example, if every 5 trace data is extracted, the 1st, 6th, 11th, 16th, 21st, etc. trace data can be divided into the first seismic trace subset, the 2nd, 7th, 12th, 17th, 22nd, etc. trace data can be divided into the second seismic trace subset, and so on. The 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, etc. trace data can be divided into the fifth seismic trace subset.

[0037] Step 3, determine a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window. Exemplarily, the preset length and the preset width can be determined by developers according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this here. In one example, there may be an overlapping area between adjacent time windows.

[0038] Step 4: Suppress the abnormal amplitude values for each time window, splice the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a subset of suppressed seismic traces, and merge the subsets of seismic traces into a final set of suppressed seismic traces. In one example, the subset of seismic traces can be suppressed according to the suppression algorithm in the prior art. In another example, the suppression of the abnormal amplitude values for each time window includes: performing a Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency-domain data representing the distribution of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window at different frequencies. Exemplarily, the specific transformation method of the above Fourier transform can refer to the related art, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit it here, as long as the distribution of the seismic trace data at different frequencies can be obtained. Then, according to a preset function, determine the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency. The preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and threshold. Exemplarily, the specific corresponding relationship of the above preset function is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure and can be determined by the developer according to actual needs, as long as it can represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and threshold. Next, divide the frequency-domain data corresponding to each time window into multiple band data. Exemplarily, the frequency-domain data can be divided according to preset frequency bands to obtain multiple band data. Then, determine the median of each band data corresponding to each time window. Exemplarily, each band data includes multiple frequency data (which can be reflected as amplitude values), and the median of the multiple frequency data is calculated as the median of each band data. Then, according to the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency and the median of each band data corresponding to each time window, determine whether the amplitude value at each frequency of each time window is abnormal. Exemplarily, the threshold can be multiplied by the median to obtain a comparison reference value for each frequency, and the amplitude value at each frequency is compared with it. The amplitude value greater than the comparison reference value is regarded as an abnormal amplitude value, and the amplitude value less than or equal to the comparison reference value is regarded as a non-abnormal amplitude value. Accordingly, it can be determined whether the amplitude value at each frequency is abnormal. Finally, when there are abnormal amplitude values in the time window, determine a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppress the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value after suppression of the time window. In one example, the magnitude of the abnormal amplitude value is inversely proportional to the suppression coefficient. Exemplarily, when the abnormal amplitude value is larger, a smaller suppression coefficient is required to suppress it to reduce the abnormal amplitude value. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the numerical corresponding relationship between the suppression coefficient and the abnormal amplitude value here and can be determined by the developer according to actual needs.

[0039] In a possible implementation manner, the step of splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a subset of the suppressed seismic traces and combining each subset of seismic traces into a final set of suppressed seismic traces may include: performing an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data of the abnormal amplitude values of each time window after suppression to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window. Exemplarily, the inverse Fourier transform is an inverse process of the Fourier transform in the foregoing text, and can convert the frequency-domain data back into seismic data (or seismic trace data). Then, according to the overlapping relationship between multiple time windows corresponding to each subset of seismic traces, splice the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the subset of seismic traces, and use it as the set of seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows. Exemplarily, the above splicing can be embodied as the bevel processing in the related art, and the data of the overlapping part can be transitioned. Finally, combine the subsets of seismic traces corresponding to multiple suppressed time windows into a final set of suppressed seismic traces. Continuing with the above example, the data in the first subset of seismic traces are respectively placed back at positions 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc., and the data in the second subset of seismic traces are respectively placed back at positions 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, etc. In other words, the data in the subset of seismic traces can be rearranged in the order before being divided into subsets of seismic traces.

[0040] In a possible implementation manner, the suppression method further includes: using the final set of suppressed seismic traces as a new set of seismic traces, re-executing each step after obtaining the set of seismic traces, and using the obtained set of suppressed seismic traces again as the final suppression result. Exemplarily, the final suppression result obtained by performing the above-mentioned various processes on the set of suppressed seismic traces again will be more accurate. It should be understood that developers can also set other rules to repeat this process, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this here.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a device for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data is provided. The suppression device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring a seismic trace gather; a seismic trace gather division module for dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; a time window determination module for determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window; a data merging module for suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and merging the respective seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather. In some embodiments, the data merging module is further configured to perform Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determine a threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and threshold; divide the frequency domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of band data; determine the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; determine whether the amplitude value at each frequency of each time window is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window and the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; in the case that there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determine a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppress the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value of the time window after suppression.

[0043] In some embodiments, the data merging module is further configured to perform inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain data of each time window and / or the frequency domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splice the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, and use it as the seismic trace set corresponding to the suppressed time window; merge the seismic trace subsets corresponding to the plurality of suppressed time windows into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0044] In some embodiments, the suppression device is further configured to use the finally suppressed seismic trace gather as a new seismic trace gather, re - execute each step after acquiring the seismic trace gather, and use the obtained finally suppressed seismic trace gather again as the final suppression result.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is further provided. The electronic device includes:

[0047] a memory storing executable instructions:

[0048] A processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data according to the present invention.

[0049] The suppression method includes the following steps: obtaining a seismic trace gather; dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of a time window; suppressing the abnormal amplitude values for each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining the respective seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0050] In some embodiments, the suppressing the abnormal amplitude values for each time window includes: performing a Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency-domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determining a threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and the threshold; dividing the frequency-domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of frequency band data; determining the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; determining whether the amplitude value at each frequency of each time window is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window and the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; in the case where there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determining a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppressing the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value after suppression of the time window.

[0051] In some embodiments, the splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining the respective seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather includes: performing an inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splicing the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the multiple time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, and using it as the finally suppressed seismic trace gather; combining the seismic trace subsets corresponding to the multiple suppressed time windows into a new seismic trace gather.

[0052] In some embodiments, the suppression method further includes: using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather as a new seismic trace gather, re-executing each step after the step of obtaining the seismic trace gather, and using the seismic trace gather obtained after suppression again as the final suppression result.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for suppressing abnormal amplitude of seismic data according to the present invention.

[0055] The suppression method includes the following steps: obtaining a seismic trace gather; dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of a time window; suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining the respective seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0056] In some embodiments, the suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window includes: performing Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency-domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determining a threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship among time, frequency and the threshold; dividing the frequency-domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of frequency band data; determining the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; determining whether the amplitude value of each frequency of each time window is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each frequency of each time window and the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; in the case that there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determining a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppressing the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value of the time window after suppression.

[0057] In some embodiments, the splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset and combining the respective seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather includes: performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splicing the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the multiple time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, and using it as the seismic trace set corresponding to the suppressed time windows; combining the seismic trace subsets corresponding to the multiple suppressed time windows into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

[0058] In some embodiments, the suppression method further includes: using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather as a new seismic trace gather, re-executing each step after obtaining the seismic trace gather, and using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather obtained again as the final suppression result.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] Combined with Figure 2 、 Figure 3 , Figure 2 、 Figure 3 The reference schematic diagram of the method for suppressing abnormal amplitude of seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 In the left figure in the middle is the single-shot record before suppression, and the right figure is the single-shot record after suppression. It can be clearly seen that the "black triangle" area in the left figure is the abnormal amplitude, and its suppression effect is very obvious and the fidelity is good. Figure 3 The left figure is the stacked section before suppression, and the right figure is the stacked section after suppression. It can be seen that the black abnormal amplitude values are effectively suppressed.

[0061] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of the terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or the technical improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary skill in the art in the technical field to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data, characterized in that, the suppression method includes: obtaining a seismic trace gather; dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window; suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window, splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining each seismic trace subset into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

2. The suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window includes: performing Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determining the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency and threshold; dividing the frequency domain data corresponding to each time window into a plurality of frequency band data; determining the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; determining whether the amplitude value of each time window at each frequency is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency and the median of each frequency band data corresponding to each time window; in the case that there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determining a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppressing the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value after suppression of the time window.

3. The suppression method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the splicing the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a suppressed seismic trace subset, and combining each seismic trace subset into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather includes: performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency domain data of each time window and / or the frequency domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude values of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splicing the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset, and using it as the seismic trace subset corresponding to the suppressed time window; combining a plurality of suppressed seismic trace subsets into a finally suppressed seismic trace gather.

4. The suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the suppression method further includes: using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather as a new seismic trace gather, re-executing each step after the obtaining the seismic trace gather, and using the finally suppressed seismic trace gather obtained again as the final suppression result.

5. A device for suppressing abnormal amplitudes of seismic data, characterized in that, the suppression device includes: a data acquisition module for obtaining a seismic trace gather; a seismic trace gather division module for dividing the seismic trace gather into a plurality of seismic trace subsets; wherein, the seismic trace data in each seismic trace subset is discontinuous; a time window determination module for determining a plurality of time windows corresponding to each seismic trace subset according to a preset length and a preset width of the time window; A data merging module, which is used to suppress abnormal amplitude values for each time window, splice the seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time windows into a subset of suppressed seismic traces, and merge each subset of seismic traces into a final set of suppressed seismic traces.

6. The suppression device according to claim 5, wherein, the data merging module is further configured to perform Fourier transform on the seismic trace data within each time window to obtain frequency-domain data of the seismic trace data corresponding to each time window distributed at different frequencies; determine the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency according to a preset function; wherein, the preset function is used to represent the corresponding relationship between time, frequency, and threshold; divide the frequency-domain data corresponding to each time window into multiple band data; determine the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; determine whether the amplitude value of each time window at each frequency is abnormal according to the threshold corresponding to each time window at each frequency and the median of each band data corresponding to each time window; in the case that there is an abnormal amplitude value in the time window, determine a suppression coefficient according to the abnormal amplitude value corresponding to the time window, and suppress the abnormal amplitude value according to the suppression coefficient to obtain the amplitude value after suppression of the time window.

7. The suppression device according to claim 6, wherein, the data merging module is further configured to perform inverse Fourier transform on the frequency-domain data of each time window and / or the frequency-domain data after suppressing the abnormal amplitude value of each time window to obtain the suppressed seismic data corresponding to each time window; splice the suppressed seismic data of the overlapping part between the time windows corresponding to the seismic trace subset according to the overlapping relationship between the multiple time windows corresponding to the seismic trace subset, and use it as the set of seismic traces corresponding to the suppressed time window; merge multiple subsets of suppressed seismic traces into a final set of suppressed seismic traces.

8. The suppression device according to claim 5, wherein, the suppression device is further configured to use the final set of suppressed seismic traces as a new set of seismic traces, re-execute each step after obtaining the set of seismic traces, and use the set of suppressed seismic traces obtained again as the final suppression result.

9. An electronic device, wherein, the electronic device includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor, the processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-4.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1-4.

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