Ultra-wideband four-arm helical antenna system capable of transmitting and receiving simultaneously

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband receiving and transmitting four-arm helical antenna system, which realizes a receiving and transmitting shared antenna and a receiving and transmitting simultaneous antenna of which the antenna volume is greatly reduced, and can drain radiation current to a metal cavity under the condition of not increasing the additional volume of the antenna, thereby improving the impedance matching and gain of the antenna. The use of a wave-absorbing material is reduced, and the gain of the antenna is improved; a decoupling beam forming feed network is used for decoupling, so that high isolation of a transmitting port and a receiving port in a wide frequency band can be realized under the influence of adverse factors such as common caliber between transmitting and receiving antennas, large decoupling difficulty caused by a small distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna and the like; high isolation between an upper transmitting port and a receiving port can be realized in a wide frequency range, and meanwhile, the antenna has a simple beam forming feed network, considerable profile height, good standing-wave ratio characteristic and good far-field performance parameters. The antenna is widely applied to the technical field of antennas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to an ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system. Background Art

[0002] Simultaneous transceiver, also known as simultaneous and co-frequency full duplex or in-band full duplex, refers to the simultaneous transmission and reception of signals at the same time and on the same frequency. An antenna that can achieve simultaneous transceiver is called a simultaneous transceiver antenna. The simultaneous transceiver system can solve the problem of insufficient utilization of time resources or spectrum resources in traditional half-duplex systems, and theoretically doubles the spectrum efficiency, time resources, and system throughput. In practical applications, the core challenge of implementing the simultaneous transceiver technology lies in the self-interference cancellation between the transmit link and the receive link, that is, canceling the self-interference signal at the transmit end below the sensitivity of the local receive end. According to the location of self-interference cancellation in the system, it is divided into antenna domain self-interference cancellation, analog domain self-interference cancellation, and digital domain self-interference cancellation. Due to the influence of the non-ideal of actual components, it is relatively difficult to improve the analog domain and digital domain self-interference cancellation. As the front-end device of the simultaneous transceiver system, obtaining high isolation antenna domain self-interference cancellation can relieve the requirements for the analog domain and digital domain, and pave the way for high-power applications.

[0003] Due to reasons such as near-field radiation, port leakage, feed imbalance, surface current of the dielectric, and dielectric scattering in the simultaneous transceiver antenna, the coupling between the transmit and receive ports is very strong. If a simultaneous transceiver antenna that shares a common aperture for transmission and reception is used to implement a simultaneous transceiver antenna, since the distance between the transmit and receive ports is relatively close, the decoupling difficulty is further increased. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the technical problems such as decoupling difficulty faced by the current simultaneous transceiver antenna implemented by a shared transceiver antenna, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention includes an ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system, and the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system includes:

[0006] A shared transceiver four-arm spiral antenna; the shared transceiver four-arm spiral antenna includes a dielectric substrate (1), and a first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), a second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), a third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), and a fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) etched on the dielectric substrate (1); each spiral microstrip radiation arm is arranged in a rotationally symmetric manner on the dielectric substrate (1);

[0007] A metal cavity (3);

[0008] A metal post (4); the metal post (4) is used to connect the dielectric substrate (1) and the metal cavity (3);

[0009] A first feeding probe (2-1) connected to the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), a second feeding probe (2-2) connected to the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), a third feeding probe (2-3) connected to the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), and a fourth feeding probe (2-4) connected to the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4);

[0010] A decoupling beamforming feeding network; the decoupling beamforming feeding network is connected to the first feeding probe (2-1), the second feeding probe (2-2), the third feeding probe (2-3) and the fourth feeding probe (2-4).

[0011] Further, the metal cavity (3) is a reflective metal cavity.

[0012] Further, the decoupling beamforming feeding network includes a first 180° hybrid and a second 180° hybrid;

[0013] The isolation port of the first 180° hybrid serves as the transmitting port, the input port of the first 180° hybrid is grounded through a first grounding resistor, the sum port of the first 180° hybrid is connected to the first feeding probe (2-1), and the difference port is connected to the third feeding probe (2-3);

[0014] The isolation port of the second 180° hybrid serves as the receiving port, the input port of the second 180° hybrid is grounded through a second grounding resistor, the sum port of the second 180° hybrid is connected to the second feeding probe (2-2), and the difference port is connected to the fourth feeding probe (2-4).

[0015] Further, the dielectric substrate (1) is located on an outer surface of the metal cavity (3);

[0016] A first rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), a second rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), a third rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), and a fourth rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4); the head end is the end close to the rotation center of each spiral microstrip radiation arm;

[0017] A first metallized via hole (8-1) is formed at a position on the dielectric substrate (1) corresponding to the first rectangular microstrip patch, a second metallized via hole (8-2) is formed at a position corresponding to the second rectangular microstrip patch, a third metallized via hole (8-3) is formed at a position corresponding to the third rectangular microstrip patch, and a fourth metallized via hole (8-4) is formed at a position corresponding to the fourth rectangular microstrip patch;

[0018] On a side of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1), a sixth metallized via hole (10-1), a seventh metallized via hole (10-2), an eighth metallized via hole (10-3) and a ninth metallized via hole (10-4) are formed;

[0019] One end of the first feeding probe (2-1) is connected to the first rectangular microstrip patch through the first metallized via hole (8-1), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out through the sixth metallized via hole (10-1);

[0020] One end of the second feeding probe (2-2) is connected to the second rectangular microstrip patch through the second metallized via hole (8-2), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out through the seventh metallized via hole (10-2);

[0021] One end of the third feeding probe (2-3) is connected to the third rectangular microstrip patch through the third metallized via hole (8-3), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out through the eighth metallized via hole (10-3);

[0022] One end of the fourth feeding probe (2-4) is connected to the fourth rectangular microstrip patch through the fourth metallized via hole (8-4), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out through the ninth metallized via hole (10-4).

[0023] Further, a fifth metallized via hole (9) is formed at a position on the dielectric substrate (1) corresponding to the rotation center of each spiral microstrip radiation arm;

[0024] One end of the metal post (4) is connected to the dielectric substrate (1) through the fifth metallized via hole (9) and is flush with the dielectric substrate (1), and the other end is connected to a side of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1).

[0025] Further, the material of the metal cavity (3) is metal aluminum alloy, and the height of the metal cavity (3) is equal to one-eighth of the maximum operating wavelength of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system.

[0026] Furthermore, the material of the metal column (4) is aluminum alloy, and the length of the metal column (4) is equal to one-eighth of the maximum operating wavelength of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system.

[0027] Furthermore, a first current-limiting resistor (5-1), a second current-limiting resistor (6-1), and a third current-limiting resistor (7-1) are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1);

[0028] A fourth current-limiting resistor (5-2), a fifth current-limiting resistor (6-2), and a sixth current-limiting resistor (7-2) are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2);

[0029] A seventh current-limiting resistor (5-3), an eighth current-limiting resistor (6-3), and a ninth current-limiting resistor (7-3) are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3);

[0030] A tenth current-limiting resistor (5-4), an eleventh current-limiting resistor (6-4), and a twelfth current-limiting resistor (7-4) are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4).

[0031] Furthermore, the first current-limiting resistor (5-1), the fourth current-limiting resistor (5-2), the seventh current-limiting resistor (5-3), and the tenth current-limiting resistor (5-4) are rotationally symmetric and have equal resistance values;

[0032] The second current-limiting resistor (6-1), the fifth current-limiting resistor (6-2), the eighth current-limiting resistor (6-3), and the eleventh current-limiting resistor (6-4) are rotationally symmetric and have equal resistance values;

[0033] The third current-limiting resistor (7-1), the sixth current-limiting resistor (7-2), the ninth current-limiting resistor (7-3), and the twelfth current-limiting resistor (7-4) are rotationally symmetric and have equal resistance values.

[0034] Furthermore, the resistance values of the first current-limiting resistor (5-1), the second current-limiting resistor (6-1), and the third current-limiting resistor (7-1) decrease sequentially.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system in the embodiment, the transceiver shares the four-arm spiral antenna, realizing that the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna share the same platform and aperture, achieving a significant reduction in the volume of the transceiver shared antenna and the transceiver simultaneous antenna; the metal cavity enables the antenna system to generate directional radiation and enhances the port matching performance of the antenna. Moreover, by introducing a metal post at the center of the dielectric substrate and the metal cavity, the radiation current can be diverted to the metal cavity without increasing the extra volume of the antenna, thereby improving the impedance matching and gain of the antenna. On the other hand, it can fix the connection between the dielectric substrate and the metal cavity, improve the mechanical stability of the antenna, reduce the use of absorbing materials, and enhance the gain of the antenna; by using the decoupling beamforming feed network for decoupling, it is possible to achieve high isolation between the transmitting port and the receiving port in a wide frequency band under the influence of adverse factors such as sharing the same aperture between the transmitting and receiving antennas and the small distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, which makes decoupling difficult; through the decoupling beamforming feed network and the transceiver shared four-arm spiral antenna, high isolation between the upper transmitting port and the receiving port is achieved in a wide frequency range, and at the same time, it has a simple beamforming feed network, an observable profile height, good standing wave ratio characteristics, and good far-field performance parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit structure of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transceiver shared four-arm spiral antenna in the embodiment;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal cavity in the embodiment;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal post in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the decoupling beamforming feed network in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient curve of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system in the embodiment;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the gain curve of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system at the beam vertex in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the axial ratio curve of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system at the beam vertex in the embodiment;

[0044] Figure 9The radiation patterns of the transmitting antennas of the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system in this example at 2 GHz, 3 GHz, 4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz;

[0045] Figure 10 The radiation patterns of the receiving antennas of the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system in this example at 2 GHz, 3 GHz, 4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz;

[0046] Figure 11 The schematic diagram of the scattering parameters of the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system with a decoupling beamforming feeding network in this example. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Antennas with different apertures for transmitting and receiving are called transmit-receive separated antennas. Self-interference cancellation techniques such as defected ground structure and electromagnetic bandgap structure can be adopted on the transmit-receive separated antennas to realize simultaneous transmit-receive antennas. However, these self-interference cancellation techniques cannot obtain high-isolation simultaneous transmit-receive antennas when used on transmit-receive shared antennas. For the self-interference cancellation techniques adopted for transmit-receive shared antennas, they can be divided into orthogonal polarization and co-polarization according to different polarization modes. Among them, co-polarization antennas are divided into collinear polarization and dual circular polarization. The coupling between the transmit and receive ports of co-polarization antennas is relatively strong, and it is difficult to realize a broadband and high-isolation co-polarization antenna. Orthogonal polarization is divided into orthogonal linear polarization and co-circular polarization. Since there is a natural 180° phase difference in orthogonal polarization antennas, their isolation is relatively high. For example, some orthogonal polarization antennas can achieve a relatively high level of isolation of 30 - 40 dB, but the bandwidth is relatively narrow.

[0048] Based on the above principle, it is possible to consider designing a transmit-receive shared antenna and a simultaneous transmit-receive antenna in the form of a spiral antenna. As a type of co-circular polarization antenna, the spiral antenna can meet the requirement of high isolation within a wide frequency band.

[0049] In this embodiment, an ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system is provided. Referring to Figure 1 , the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver four-arm spiral antenna system includes a transmit-receive shared four-arm spiral antenna, a metal cavity (3), metal posts (4), and a first feeding probe (2-1), a second feeding probe (2-2), a third feeding probe (2-3), and a fourth feeding probe (2-4).

[0050] Among them, the structure of the transmit-receive shared four-arm spiral antenna is as shown in Figure 2 Shown. Referring to Figure 2, The transceiver - shared four - arm spiral antenna includes a dielectric substrate (1), and a first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 1), a second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 2), a third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 3), and a fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 4) etched on the dielectric substrate (1). The shape of each spiral microstrip radiation arm satisfies the Archimedes spiral equation, that is, each spiral microstrip radiation arm can specifically be an Archimedes spiral. The spiral microstrip radiation arms are arranged in rotational symmetry on the dielectric substrate (1) and are spaced 90° from each other in sequence. Therefore, there is a rotation center, and this rotation center is located at the geometric center of the dielectric substrate (1).

[0051] In this embodiment, the function of each spiral microstrip radiation arm is to radiate electromagnetic waves into space and receive electromagnetic waves from space.

[0052] In this embodiment, the material of the dielectric substrate (1) is F4B™ - 2, the dielectric constant is 6.15, the loss tangent is 0.002, and the thickness of the substrate is 1 mm.

[0053] In this embodiment, the structure of the metal cavity (3) is as Figure 3 shown. The metal cavity (3) is a reflective metal cavity. The material of the metal cavity (3) is lightweight metal aluminum alloy. The height of the metal cavity (3) is equal to one - eighth of the maximum operating wavelength of the ultra - wideband transceiver - simultaneous four - arm spiral antenna system. The upper part of the metal cavity (3) is slotted, and the dielectric substrate (1) is clamped into the slot, thereby fixing the dielectric substrate (1) so that the dielectric substrate (1) is located on an outer surface of the metal cavity (3), and the metal cavity (3) semi - surrounds the dielectric substrate (1).

[0054] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , for each spiral microstrip radiation arm, one end close to the rotation center is used as the head end of the spiral microstrip radiation arm, and the other end, that is, the end far from the rotation center, is used as the tail end of the spiral microstrip radiation arm. A rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of each spiral microstrip radiation arm. For example, a first rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 1), a second rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 2), a third rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 3), and a fourth rectangular microstrip patch is provided at the head end of the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1 - 4).

[0055] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a metallized via is respectively formed at a position on the dielectric substrate (1) corresponding to each rectangular microstrip patch. For example, a first metallized via (8-1) is formed at a position on the dielectric substrate (1) corresponding to the first rectangular microstrip patch, a second metallized via (8-2) is formed at a position corresponding to the second rectangular microstrip patch, a third metallized via (8-3) is formed at a position corresponding to the third rectangular microstrip patch, and a fourth metallized via (8-4) is formed at a position corresponding to the fourth rectangular microstrip patch.

[0056] Moreover, on the side of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1), metallized vias with the same number as the metallized vias on the dielectric substrate (1) are also formed. For example, referring to Figure 3 , a sixth metallized via (10-1), a seventh metallized via (10-2), an eighth metallized via (10-3), and a ninth metallized via (10-4) are formed on the side of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1).

[0057] By using Figure 3 the metal cavity (3) shown, one end of the first feeding probe (2-1) can be connected to the first rectangular microstrip patch through the first metallized via (8-1), pass through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the sixth metallized via (10-1); one end of the second feeding probe (2-2) is connected to the second rectangular microstrip patch through the second metallized via (8-2), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the seventh metallized via (10-2); one end of the third feeding probe (2-3) is connected to the third rectangular microstrip patch through the third metallized via (8-3), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the eighth metallized via (10-3); one end of the fourth feeding probe (2-4) is connected to the fourth rectangular microstrip patch through the fourth metallized via (8-4), passes through the inside of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the ninth metallized via (10-4), thereby assembling to obtain Figure 1 the structure shown.

[0058] Figure 1 In the structure shown, one end of the first feeding probe (2-1) is connected to the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), one end of the second feeding probe (2-2) is connected to the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), one end of the third feeding probe (2-3) is connected to the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), and one end of the fourth feeding probe (2-4) is connected to the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4).

[0059] In this embodiment, the structure of the metal post (4) is as shown in Figure 4 shown. Referring to Figure 4, the metal column (4) is in the shape of a cylinder, the material of the metal column (4) is lightweight metal aluminum alloy, and the length of the metal column (4) is equal to one-eighth of the maximum operating wavelength of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system.

[0060] Referring to Figure 2 , fifth metallized vias (9) are formed at positions corresponding to the rotation centers of the respective spiral microstrip radiating arms on the dielectric substrate (1). By providing the fifth metallized vias (9), one end of the metal column (4) can penetrate the dielectric substrate (1) through the fifth metallized vias (9) and be connected to the dielectric substrate (1), so that one end of the metal column (4) is flush with the dielectric substrate (1), and the other end of the metal column (4) is connected to the surface of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1).

[0061] By providing the metal column (4), on the basis of the slots formed in the metal cavity (3), the dielectric substrate (1) and the metal cavity (3) can be further connected, so that the dielectric substrate (1) and the metal cavity (3) are kept fixed.

[0062] In this embodiment, the structure of the decoupling beamforming feed network is as Figure 5 shown. Referring to Figure 5 , the decoupling beamforming feed network includes a first 180° hybrid (BHY1) and a second 180° hybrid (BHY2), wherein the isolation port (ISO) of the first 180° hybrid (BHY1) serves as the transmitting port, the input port (IN) of the first 180° hybrid (BHY1) is grounded through a first grounding resistor (the specific resistance value can be 50 Ω), the sum port (∑) of the first 180° hybrid (BHY1) is connected to the first feed probe (2-1) (the end located Figure 1 at the lower part), and the difference port (Δ) is connected to the third feed probe (2-3); the isolation port (ISO) of the second 180° hybrid (BHY2) serves as the receiving port, the input port (IN) of the second 180° hybrid (BHY2) is grounded through a second grounding resistor (the specific resistance value can be 50 Ω), the sum port (∑) of the second 180° hybrid (BHY2) is connected to the second feed probe (2-2), and the difference port (Δ) is connected to the fourth feed probe (2-4).

[0063] Figure 5In the shown connection method, the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1) and the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3) are actually set as the transmitting antennas, and the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2) and the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) with symmetric positions are set as the receiving antennas. Since the positions among the respective spiral microstrip radiation arms are symmetric, the settings of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can be interchanged. For example, the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1) and the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3) can be set as the receiving antennas, and the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2) and the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) can be set as the transmitting antennas.

[0064] In this embodiment, Figure 1 The working principle of the shown ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system lies in: the transceiver shared four-arm spiral antenna including the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3) and the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) realizes the co-platform and co-aperture of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and realizes the transceiver shared antenna and the transceiver simultaneous antenna with a greatly reduced antenna volume; the metal cavity (3) enables the antenna system to generate directional radiation and enhances the port matching performance of the antenna. Moreover, by introducing a metal post (4) at the center of the dielectric substrate (1) and the metal cavity (3), the radiation current can be diverted to the metal cavity (3) without increasing the extra volume of the antenna, thereby improving the impedance matching and gain of the antenna. On the other hand, it can fix the connection between the dielectric substrate (1) and the metal cavity (3), improve the mechanical stability of the antenna, reduce the use of absorbing materials, and enhance the gain of the antenna; by using the decoupling beamforming feed network for decoupling, under the adverse factors such as the co-aperture between the transmitting and receiving antennas and the large decoupling difficulty caused by the small distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, a high isolation between the transmitting port and the receiving port can be achieved in a wide frequency band; compared with the feed network including complex decoupling using multiple 180° hybrids, 90° hybrids or circulators, etc., the decoupling beamforming feed network used in this embodiment has a simple structure, cancels the coupling of the spiral microstrip radiation arm itself between the transmitting port and the receiving port of the decoupling beamforming feed network, and realizes a large increase in the isolation degree in a wide frequency band range. The transmitted signal does not need to pass through multiple hardware devices to cancel the coupled signal at the receiving antenna, reducing the use of hardware devices and further reducing the overall volume of the antenna; through the decoupling beamforming feed network and the transceiver shared four-arm spiral antenna, a high isolation degree (better than 50 dB) between the transmitting port and the receiving port is achieved in a wide frequency range (such as 1.73 - 6 GHz), and at the same time, it has a simple beamforming feed network, an observable profile height, good standing wave ratio characteristics and good far-field performance parameters.

[0065] In this embodiment, a plurality of current-limiting resistors are respectively welded on each spiral microstrip radiation arm. For example, referring toFigure 1 and Figure 2 At the tail end of the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), a first current-limiting resistor (5-1), a second current-limiting resistor (6-1), and a third current-limiting resistor (7-1) are successively provided. At the tail end of the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), a fourth current-limiting resistor (5-2), a fifth current-limiting resistor (6-2), and a sixth current-limiting resistor (7-2) are successively provided. At the tail end of the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), a seventh current-limiting resistor (5-3), an eighth current-limiting resistor (6-3), and a ninth current-limiting resistor (7-3) are successively provided. At the tail end of the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4), a tenth current-limiting resistor (5-4), an eleventh current-limiting resistor (6-4), and a twelfth current-limiting resistor (7-4) are successively provided.

[0066] In this embodiment, the relative positional relationship and resistance values among the three current-limiting resistors provided on the same spiral microstrip radiation arm can be adjusted according to the actual manufacturing and usage conditions. For example, referring to Figure 2 , the first current-limiting resistor (5-1), the fourth current-limiting resistor (5-2), the seventh current-limiting resistor (5-3), and the tenth current-limiting resistor (5-4) are rotationally symmetric (successively spaced 90° apart) and have equal resistance values (for example, all 1000 Ω); the second current-limiting resistor (6-1), the fifth current-limiting resistor (6-2), the eighth current-limiting resistor (6-3), and the eleventh current-limiting resistor (6-4) are rotationally symmetric (successively spaced 90° apart) and have equal resistance values (for example, all 750 Ω); the third current-limiting resistor (7-1), the sixth current-limiting resistor (7-2), the ninth current-limiting resistor (7-3), and the twelfth current-limiting resistor (7-4) are rotationally symmetric (successively spaced 90° apart) and have equal resistance values (for example, all 100 Ω). In this way, when looking from the tail end to the head end direction of the same spiral microstrip radiation arm, the resistance values of the three current-limiting resistors above are successively decreasing. For example, for the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), the resistance value of the first current-limiting resistor (5-1) (resistance value 1000 Ω), the second current-limiting resistor (6-1) (resistance value 750 Ω), and the third current-limiting resistor (7-1) (resistance value 100 Ω) are successively decreasing.

[0067] In this embodiment, by providing multiple current-limiting resistors on the spiral microstrip radiation arm, the impedance matching of the antenna port can be improved and the axial ratio can be improved.

[0068] In this embodiment, the ratio between the width of each spiral microstrip radiation arm at any position and the width of the gap between this spiral microstrip radiation arm and the adjacent spiral microstrip radiation arm at the same position can be set to a fixed value. For example, this fixed value can be set to 1.4:0.6. By setting the fixed ratio of the width of the spiral microstrip radiation arm to the width of the gap, the impedance matching of the antenna port can be improved.

[0069] The ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system in this embodiment is simulated in the HFSS simulation software. The measured reflection coefficient curve, gain curve at the beam vertex, axial ratio curve at the beam vertex, transmitting antenna patterns at 2 GHz, 3 GHz, 4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz, and receiving antenna patterns at 2 GHz, 3 GHz, 4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz are respectively as Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 shown.

[0070] Referring to Figure 6 , the impedance bandwidth of the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system in this embodiment is 1.73 - 6 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 110.5%. Referring to Figure 7 , the actual gain of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna reaches above 0 dBi between 1.79 - 7 GHz, and the maximum reaches 8.5 dBi. Referring to Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the maximum beam directions of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna both point to the normal direction and radiate upward, achieving good directional radiation, having good radiation directivity, and the transmitting pattern and the receiving pattern have good symmetry.

[0071] The transceiver shared four-arm spiral antenna with a decoupling beamforming feed network is simulated. The two 180° hybrids used here are both ideal models, and the actual insertion loss and phase deviation can be adjusted according to specific situations. The measured scattering coefficient curve is as Figure 11 shown. The isolation degree of both the transmitting port and the receiving port reaches above 50 dB in the frequency band of 1.75 - 6 GHz, having good isolation characteristics.

[0072] According to Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 's simulation results, it can be seen that the ultra-wideband transceiver simultaneous four-arm spiral antenna system in this embodiment can meet its design performance requirements.

[0073] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a certain feature is referred to as "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it can be directly fixed or connected to the other feature, or indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. In addition, the descriptions such as up, down, left, and right used in this disclosure are only relative to the mutual positional relationship of the components of this disclosure in the drawings. The singular forms "a" and "the" used in this disclosure are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this embodiment have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of this technology. The terms used in the description of this embodiment are only for describing specific embodiments, rather than for limiting the present invention. The term "and / or" used in this embodiment includes any combination of one or more of the related listed items.

[0074] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this disclosure to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish elements of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the first element may also be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may also be referred to as the first element. The use of any and all embodiments or exemplary language ("for example", "such as", etc.) provided in this embodiment is only intended to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and unless otherwise required, will not impose a limitation on the scope of the present invention.

[0075] It should be recognized that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented or carried out by computer hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or by computer instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable memory. The method can be implemented in a computer program using standard programming techniques - including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured with the computer program, wherein the storage medium so configured causes the computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner - according to the methods and drawings described in the specific embodiments. Each program can be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with the computer system. However, if desired, the program can be implemented in assembly or machine language. In any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language. In addition, for this purpose, the program can run on a dedicated integrated circuit programmed for this purpose.

[0076] In addition, the operations of the processes described in this embodiment may be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise indicated in this embodiment or otherwise clearly contradicted by the context. The processes described in this embodiment (or variations and / or combinations thereof) may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) executed jointly on one or more processors, by hardware, or a combination thereof. A computer program includes a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors.

[0077] Further, the method may be implemented in any type of computing platform operably connected, including but not limited to personal computers, minicomputers, mainframes, workstations, network or distributed computing environments, separate or integrated computer platforms, or communicating with charged particle tools or other imaging devices, etc. Aspects of the present invention may be implemented as machine-readable code stored on a non-transitory storage medium or device, whether removable or integrated into the computing platform, such as a hard disk, optical read and / or write storage medium, RAM, ROM, etc., such that it is readable by a programmable computer and, when the storage medium or device is read by the computer, can be used to configure and operate the computer to perform the processes described herein. In addition, the machine-readable code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted via a wired or wireless network. When such media include instructions or programs that implement the above steps in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor, the invention of this embodiment includes these and other different types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media. When programmed according to the methods and techniques of the present invention, the present invention also includes the computer itself.

[0078] The computer program is capable of being applied to input data to perform the functions of this embodiment, thereby transforming the input data to generate output data stored in a non-volatile memory. The output information may also be applied to one or more output devices such as a display. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transformed data represents physical and tangible objects, including specific visual depictions of physical and tangible objects generated on a display.

[0079] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. As long as the same means are used to achieve the technical effects of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, its technical solutions and / or implementation manners may have various different modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system, characterized in that: The ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver quadrifilar helical antenna system comprises: A transmitting-receiving shared four-arm helical antenna; the transmitting-receiving shared four-arm helical antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (1), and a first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), a second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), a third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), and a fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) etched on the dielectric substrate (1); the spiral microstrip radiation arms are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner on the dielectric substrate (1); Metal cavity (3); A metal pillar (4); the metal pillar (4) is used to connect the dielectric substrate (1) and the metal cavity (3); A first feeding probe (2-1) connected to the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1), a second feeding probe (2-2) connected to the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2), a third feeding probe (2-3) connected to the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3), and a fourth feeding probe (2-4) connected to the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4); A decoupling beamforming feeding network; the decoupling beamforming feeding network is connected to the first feeding probe (2-1), the second feeding probe (2-2), the third feeding probe (2-3) and the fourth feeding probe (2-4).

2. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal cavity (3) is a reflective metal cavity.

3. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decoupled beamforming feed network includes a first 180° hybrid and a second 180° hybrid; The isolation port of the first 180° hybrid is used as a transmitting port, the input port of the first 180° hybrid is grounded through a first grounding resistor, the sum port of the first 180° hybrid is connected to the first feeding probe (2-1), and the difference port is connected to the third feeding probe (2-3); The isolation port of the second 180° hybrid is used as a receiving port, the input port of the second 180° hybrid is grounded through a second grounding resistor, the sum port of the second 180° hybrid is connected to the second feeding probe (2-2), and the difference port is connected to the fourth feeding probe (2-4).

4. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (1) is located on an outer surface of the metal cavity (3); The first end of the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1) is provided with a first rectangular microstrip patch, the first end of the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2) is provided with a second rectangular microstrip patch, the first end of the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3) is provided with a third rectangular microstrip patch, and the first end of the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) is provided with a fourth rectangular microstrip patch; the first end is an end close to the rotation center of each spiral microstrip radiation arm; The dielectric substrate (1) has a first metallized via hole (8-1) at a position corresponding to the first rectangular microstrip patch, a second metallized via hole (8-2) at a position corresponding to the second rectangular microstrip patch, a third metallized via hole (8-3) at a position corresponding to the third rectangular microstrip patch, and a fourth metallized via hole (8-4) at a position corresponding to the fourth rectangular microstrip patch; A sixth metallized via hole (10-1), a seventh metallized via hole (10-2), an eighth metallized via hole (10-3) and a ninth metallized via hole (10-4) are formed on a side of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1); One end of the first feeding probe (2-1) is connected to the first rectangular microstrip patch through the first metallized via (8-1), passes through the interior of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the sixth metallized via (10-1); One end of the second feeding probe (2-2) is connected to the second rectangular microstrip patch through the second metallized via (8-2), passes through the interior of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the seventh metallized via (10-2); One end of the third feeding probe (2-3) is connected to the third rectangular microstrip patch through the third metallized via (8-3), passes through the interior of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the eighth metallized via (10-3); One end of the fourth feeding probe (2-4) is connected to the fourth rectangular microstrip patch through the fourth metallized via (8-4), passes through the interior of the metal cavity (3), and the other end passes out from the ninth metallized via (10-4).

5. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fifth metallized via hole (9) is provided on the dielectric substrate (1) at a position corresponding to the rotation center of each spiral microstrip radiation arm; One end of the metal pillar (4) is connected to the dielectric substrate (1) through the fifth metallized via (9) and is at the same height as the dielectric substrate (1), and the other end is connected to a side of the metal cavity (3) opposite to the dielectric substrate (1).

6. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal cavity (3) is a metal aluminum alloy, and the height of the metal cavity (3) is equal to one eighth of the maximum operating wavelength of the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver quadrifilar helical antenna system.

7. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal column (4) is a metal aluminum alloy, and the length of the metal column (4) is equal to one eighth of the maximum operating wavelength of the ultra-wideband simultaneous transceiver quadrifilar helical antenna system.

8. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A first current limiting resistor (5-1), a second current limiting resistor (6-1) and a third current limiting resistor (7-1) are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the first spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-1); A fourth current limiting resistor (5-2), a fifth current limiting resistor (6-2) and a sixth current limiting resistor (7-2) are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the second spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-2); The tail end of the third spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-3) is provided with a seventh current limiting resistor (5-3), an eighth current limiting resistor (6-3) and a ninth current limiting resistor (7-3) in sequence; The tail end of the fourth spiral microstrip radiation arm (1-4) is provided with a tenth current limiting resistor (5-4), an eleventh current limiting resistor (6-4) and a twelfth current limiting resistor (7-4) in sequence.

9. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first current limiting resistor (5-1), the fourth current limiting resistor (5-2), the seventh current limiting resistor (5-3) and the tenth current limiting resistor (5-4) are rotationally symmetrical and have equal resistance values; The second current limiting resistor (6-1), the fifth current limiting resistor (6-2), the eighth current limiting resistor (6-3) and the eleventh current limiting resistor (6-4) are rotationally symmetric and have equal resistance values; The third current limiting resistor (7-1), the sixth current limiting resistor (7-2), the ninth current limiting resistor (7-3) and the twelfth current limiting resistor (7-4) are rotationally symmetric and have equal resistance values.

10. The ultra-wideband simultaneous transmitting and receiving quadrifilar helical antenna system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The resistance values ​​of the first current limiting resistor (5-1), the second current limiting resistor (6-1) and the third current limiting resistor (7-1) decrease in sequence.

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