Millimeter wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on TM01 mode

Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna based on a TM01 mode, and the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate which is provided with a plurality of through holes; the radiation units are mounted on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, and the plurality of radiation units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the through holes; the metal grounding layer is mounted on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, and a plurality of positioning grooves are formed in the metal grounding layer; and the feed structure comprises an outer conductor and an inner conductor inserted in the outer conductor, the outer conductor is installed in the positioning groove, and the inner conductor penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the radiation unit. According to the invention, the floor is incorporated into the design of the wide-beam unit, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is adjusted to be 3, so that the distance between the two radiation edges of the radiation unit is smaller than a quarter of the wavelength, and the antenna presents the wide-beam radiation characteristic under the large floor. The designed units are utilized to form the array, additional processing is not needed, and therefore an additional structure does not need to be introduced in the design of the array. The invention relates to the technical field of antennas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and particularly relates to a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode. Background Art

[0002] Millimeter-wave wireless communication occupies an important position in the modern communication field due to its advantages of wide bandwidth, high speed, and low latency. However, the electromagnetic wave propagation loss in the millimeter-wave band is relatively large, which greatly limits the signal transmission distance. To address this challenge, phased array antennas with high gain and flexible beams have attracted wide attention. At the same time, due to the demand for wide-area signal coverage in various application scenarios such as aerospace and civilian base stations, the wide-angle beam scanning ability has become a focus in phased array design.

[0003] Among them, the microstrip patch antenna (MPA), as a metal printed antenna, has the advantages of easy processing, easy installation, low profile, and low cost, and has great advantages in the design of the millimeter-wave band. In recent years, many microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antennas with good scanning performance have been proposed. However, when studying wide-beam elements under the ground plane at the unit level, additional structures often need to be added, which is obviously disadvantageous for extending to the millimeter-wave band. Therefore, there is still room for further research on simplifying the structure of millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning phased arrays. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, this application proposes a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode, which has a simpler structure and does not require additional structures to be added.

[0005] The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode according to the embodiments of this application includes:

[0006] A dielectric substrate with a plurality of through holes opened therein;

[0007] Radiating elements mounted on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, the number of the radiating elements being multiple and corresponding to each of the through holes one by one, and small round grooves being opened in the through holes for feeding probes to be inserted;

[0008] A metal ground plane mounted on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane being provided with a plurality of positioning grooves;

[0009] A feeding structure including an outer conductor and an inner conductor inserted into the outer conductor, the outer conductor being mounted to the positioning groove, and the inner conductor passing through the through hole and connecting to the radiating element;

[0010] Among them, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3, and the distance between the two radiation edges of the radiation unit is less than one-quarter wavelength.

[0011] According to the embodiment of the present application, the millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode has at least the following beneficial effects: The present application incorporates the ground plane into the design of the wide-beam unit. By adjusting the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate to 3, the distance between the two radiation edges of the radiation unit is less than one-quarter wavelength, and the antenna exhibits wide-beam radiation characteristics under the large ground plane. Using the designed units to form an array, the pattern coupling is not serious and does not require additional processing. Therefore, no additional structure needs to be introduced in the design of the array, and the structure is simple.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, each of the radiation units is independent of each other and is arranged at equal intervals.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the radiation unit is a microstrip patch antenna.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the microstrip patch antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate by printing.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the microstrip patch antenna is in a rectangular sheet shape.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the feeding structure further includes a coaxial probe, and the coaxial probe passes through the metal ground layer and the dielectric substrate and is connected to the microstrip patch antenna.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the coaxial probe deviates from the body central axis of the microstrip patch antenna to achieve a better impedance matching effect.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the positioning groove of the metal ground layer is a circular groove, and the outer conductor of the feeding structure is cylindrical and is adapted to the positioning groove.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 4.1 is filled between the outer conductor and the inner conductor.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present application, the number of both the radiation units and the feeding structures is eight, and each of the radiation units is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the feeding structure.

[0021] The additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be partly given in the following description, partly will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present application. Description of the Drawings

[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions disclosed in this application, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments disclosed in this application, they are used to explain the technical solutions of this disclosure, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions disclosed in this application.

[0023] Figure 1 For the embodiment of this application based on the TM 01 Three-dimensional diagram of a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM mode;

[0024] Figure 2 For the embodiment of this application based on the TM 01 Simulation diagram of the reflection coefficient of a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM mode;

[0025] Figure 3 For the embodiment of this application based on the TM 01 Simulation diagram of the transmission coefficient of a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM mode;

[0026] Figure 4 For the embodiment of this application based on the TM 01 Pattern of the radiation element in a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM mode when used alone and the active pattern in the array;

[0027] Figure 5 For the embodiment of this application based on the TM 01 Scanning performance of a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM mode at the resonance point of 25 GHz;

[0028] Figure 6 For the embodiment of this application based on the TM 01 Schematic diagram of the cross-polarization level of a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM mode at the resonance point of 25 GHz.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1 - dielectric substrate, 2 - metal ground layer, 31 - first feeding structure, 32 - second feeding structure, 33 - third feeding structure, 34 - fourth feeding structure, 35 - fifth feeding structure, 36 - sixth feeding structure, 37 - seventh feeding structure, 38 - eighth feeding structure, 41 - first microstrip patch antenna, 42 - second microstrip patch antenna, 43 - third microstrip patch antenna, 44 - fourth microstrip patch antenna, 45 - fifth microstrip patch antenna, 46 - sixth microstrip patch antenna, 47 - seventh microstrip patch antenna, 48 - eighth microstrip patch antenna. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where like or similar reference numerals denote like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0031] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that for orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0032] In the description of the present application, the meaning of "several" is more than one, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, and understandings such as "greater than", "less than", "exceeding", etc. do not include the recited number, and understandings such as "above", "below", "within", etc. include the recited number. If there is a description of "first" and "second", it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0033] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as "set", "installed", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0034] In the description of the present application, the description referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0035] Millimeter-wave wireless communication occupies an important position in the modern communication field by virtue of its advantages of wide bandwidth, high rate, and low latency. However, the electromagnetic wave propagation loss in the millimeter-wave band is relatively large, which greatly limits the signal transmission distance. To address this challenge, phased array antennas with high-gain flexible beams have attracted wide attention. At the same time, due to the demand for wide-area signal coverage in various application scenarios such as aerospace and civilian base stations, the wide-angle beam scanning ability has become a focus of attention in phased array design.

[0036] Among them, the microstrip patch antenna (MPA), as a kind of metal printed antenna, has the advantages of easy processing, easy installation, low profile, low cost, etc., and has great advantages in the design of the millimeter-wave band. In recent years, many microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antennas with good scanning performance have been proposed. However, when they study wide-beam elements under the ground plane at the unit level, additional structures often need to be added, which is obviously disadvantageous for expanding to the millimeter-wave band. Therefore, there is still room for further research on simplifying the structure of millimeter-wave wide-angle scanning phased arrays.

[0037] In response to this, the present application proposes a millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode. In the present application, the ground plane is incorporated into the design of the wide-beam element. By adjusting the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 to 3, the distance between the two radiation edges of the radiation element is less than a quarter wavelength, and the antenna exhibits wide-beam radiation characteristics under the large ground plane. Using the designed elements to form an array, the pattern coupling is not serious and does not require additional processing. Therefore, the design of the array does not need to introduce additional structures, and the structure is simple.

[0038] Referring to Figure 1 , the millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode in the present application includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal ground layer 2, radiation elements, and a feeding structure. Among them, the dielectric substrate 1 is used to carry the radiation antenna elements and at the same time serves as a medium for signal transmission, and the metal ground layer 2 is used for grounding. The dielectric substrate 1 and the metal ground layer 2 are closely attached to each other and connected into one body. The number of radiation elements and feeding structures is multiple and they are arranged in one-to-one correspondence. The radiation elements are used to radiate signals, and the feeding structures are used to conduct electrical signals to the radiation elements.

[0039] Specifically, the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes for the feeding structure to pass through, so that the feeding structure can pass through the dielectric substrate 1 and contact the radiation element to complete the electrical connection.

[0040] The radiation elements are installed on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The number of radiation elements is multiple and they are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the respective through holes. The radiation elements cover the through holes and are provided with small round grooves at the through holes for the feeding probes to be inserted.

[0041] The metal ground layer 2 is installed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and it has the same size as the dielectric substrate 1. The two are closely attached to each other to form an integral structure. The metal ground layer 2 is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves for positioning the feeding structure and also realizing the electrical connection with the feeding structure, playing the role of grounding the feeding structure.

[0042] The feeding structure includes an outer conductor and an inner conductor inserted into the outer conductor. The outer conductor is installed in the positioning groove, and the inner conductor passes through the through hole and is connected to the radiation element.

[0043] It should be noted that the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 is 3, and the distance between the two radiation edges of the radiation unit is less than a quarter wavelength.

[0044] Furthermore, each radiation unit is independent of each other and is arranged at equal intervals. The feeding structure is consistent with the number of radiation units and is arranged in one-to-one correspondence. By restricting the equal-distance and independent arrangement between each radiation unit, interference between each radiation unit is avoided.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, the radiation unit is specifically a microstrip patch antenna, which is in a sheet shape and is mounted on the surface of the dielectric substrate. The mounting method of the microstrip patch antenna can be inlaid mounting, gluing or plugging. In this embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate 1 by printing, so as to ensure the connection stability between the microstrip patch antenna and the dielectric substrate 1 and avoid loosening or position deviation.

[0046] Furthermore, the microstrip patch antenna is in a rectangular sheet shape. Understandably, other shapes such as circular sheet shape, oval sheet shape, square sheet shape or rhombic sheet shape can also be used, which will not be elaborated here.

[0047] Furthermore, the feeding structure further includes a coaxial probe. The coaxial probe passes through the metal ground layer 2 and the dielectric substrate 1 and is connected to the microstrip patch antenna. The coaxial probe is coaxially arranged with the inner conductor of the feeding structure, and the coaxial probe extends outward compared with the inner conductor. It should be noted that the coaxial probe deviates from the central axis of the microstrip patch antenna, and the two are eccentrically arranged to achieve a better impedance matching effect.

[0048] Furthermore, the fixing groove of the metal ground layer 2 is a circular groove, and the outer conductor of the feeding structure is in a cylindrical shape and is adapted to the positioning groove. Designing the positioning groove as a circular groove facilitates energy feeding and reduces the non-uniformity of energy feeding.

[0049] Furthermore, a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 4.1 is filled between the outer conductor and the inner conductor, and the input impedance is 50 ohms.

[0050] Specifically, regarding the specific quantities of the radiation units and the feeding structures, in this embodiment, the quantities of both the radiation units and the feeding structures are eight. Among them, the respective feeding structures are the first feeding structure 31, the second feeding structure 32, the third feeding structure 33, the fourth feeding structure 34, the fifth feeding structure 35, the sixth feeding structure 36, the seventh feeding structure 37, and the eighth feeding structure 38; the respective radiation units are the first microstrip patch antenna 41, the second microstrip patch antenna 42, the third microstrip patch antenna 43, the fourth microstrip patch antenna 44, the fifth microstrip patch antenna 45, the sixth microstrip patch antenna 46, the seventh microstrip patch antenna 47, and the eighth microstrip patch antenna 48. Each radiation unit is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the feeding structure.

[0051] Next, analyze the actual working effect of the millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode in this application:

[0052] The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode in this embodiment is provided with a total of eight radiation units and eight feeding structures. The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 is 3, the height is 0.508 mm, and the size is 53.54 mm × 8.67 mm. The planar size of the metal ground layer 2 is the same as that of the dielectric substrate 1. The diameter of the positioning groove is 2.1 mm, and the positioning groove is connected to the outer conductor of the feeding structure. The feeding structures are all SMP feeding probes, with an outer conductor diameter of 2.1 mm and an inner conductor diameter of 0.38 mm. The radiation unit is a microstrip patch antenna unit with a size of 2.9 mm × 2.9 mm.

[0053] Perform simulation on the reflection coefficient of the above-mentioned millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode. Refer to Figure 2 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna unit based on the TM 01 mode resonates at 25 GHz, the operating bandwidth is 24.24 GHz - 25.62 GHz, the absolute bandwidth is 1.38 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 5.54%. The reflection coefficient curves of each unit coincide well.

[0054] Refer to Figure 3 The in-band transmission coefficients of the millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna unit based on the TM 01 mode are all lower than -16.39 dB.

[0055] Figure 4The radiation pattern of the fourth microstrip patch antenna 44 in isolation and its active radiation pattern in the array are shown. It can be seen that the fourth microstrip patch antenna 44 exhibits a wide-beam characteristic in isolation, with a beam width of 151°. The active radiation pattern in the array maintains the wide-beam radiation characteristic and still has a high gain at an angle of ±60°. Therefore, it reflects that the array has good radiation performance at large angles.

[0056] To further prove the scanning performance of the array, Figure 5 The scanning performance of the embodiment of the present invention at 25 GHz is given. The array can achieve a wide-angle scan of ±66° at 25 GHz, and the gain reaches 14.38 dB.

[0057] Figure 6 The cross-polarization level of the embodiment of the present invention at 25 GHz is given, and the cross-polarization is below -30 dB.

[0058] In summary, the millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM 01 mode has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the existing antenna structures:

[0059] (1) In the present invention, the ground plane is incorporated into the design of the wide-beam unit. By adjusting the dielectric constant of the substrate to 3, the distance between the two radiation edges of the microstrip patch antenna is less than one-quarter wavelength, so that the antenna exhibits a wide-beam radiation characteristic under the large ground plane. Using the designed units to form an array, the pattern coupling is not serious and does not require additional processing. Therefore, the design of the array does not need to introduce additional structures, and the structure is very simple.

[0060] (2) The array has good scanning performance and can achieve a scanning angle of more than ±60° within a bandwidth of 5.54% (24.24 - 25.62 GHz). The scanning angle at the center frequency of 25 GHz is ±66°, and the gain is 14.38 dB.

[0061] (3) Compared with the previous work on wide-angle scanning phased arrays, the millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM01 mode has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, easy processing, and low cost.

[0062] The embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present application within the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A TM-based 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: include: A dielectric substrate having a plurality of through holes; A radiation unit is mounted on the top surface of the dielectric substrate. There are multiple radiation units and they are arranged one by one corresponding to each of the through holes. A small circular groove is opened in the through hole to facilitate the insertion of a feeding probe. A metal grounding layer, which is installed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal grounding layer is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves; A feeding structure, comprising an outer conductor and an inner conductor inserted in the outer conductor, wherein the outer conductor is mounted to the positioning groove, and the inner conductor passes through the through hole and is connected to the radiation unit; The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3, and the distance between the two radiation edges of the radiation unit is less than a quarter of a wavelength.

2. The TM-based method according to claim 1 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The radiation units are independent of each other and are arranged equidistantly from each other.

3. The TM-based method according to claim 1 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The radiation unit is a microstrip patch antenna.

4. The TM-based method according to claim 3 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The microstrip patch antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate in a printing manner.

5. The TM-based method according to claim 3 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The microstrip patch antenna is in a rectangular sheet shape.

6. The TM-based method according to claim 3 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The feeding structure further includes a coaxial probe, which passes through the metal grounding layer and the dielectric substrate and is connected to the microstrip patch antenna.

7. The TM-based method according to claim 6. 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The coaxial probe deviates from the central axis of the microstrip patch antenna to achieve a better impedance matching effect.

8. The TM-based method according to claim 1 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: The positioning groove of the metal grounding layer is a circular groove, and the outer conductor of the feeding structure is cylindrical and matched with the positioning groove.

9. The TM-based method according to claim 1 01 The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of the mode is characterized by: A dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 4.1 is filled between the outer conductor and the inner conductor.

10. The millimeter-wave microstrip patch wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on the TM01 mode according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The number of the radiation units and the number of the feeding structures are both eight, and each radiation unit is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each feeding structure.

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