High-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter capable of adaptively adjusting gap and voltage limiting protection method

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter capable of adaptively adjusting a gap and a voltage limiting protection method, and belongs to the technical field of voltage limiters, the lightning protection voltage limiter comprises a lightning arrester, a post insulator, a current collection assembly, a discharge assembly and a lightning stroke counter, and a discharge gap is formed between the current collection assembly and the discharge assembly. The current collecting assembly comprises a current collecting ring and a gap adjusting mechanism, the current collecting ring is fixedly connected with the gap adjusting mechanism, and the gap adjusting mechanism is slidably connected with the lower end of the lightning arrester. And the size of the discharge gap is automatically adjusted to ensure that the lightning protection voltage limiter is always in an optimal working state. Due to the characteristic of self-adaptive gap adjustment, the lightning protection efficiency of the lightning protection voltage limiter is greatly improved, the accident rate caused by lightning stroke is reduced, and the reliability and stability of a power system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of voltage limiters, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with self-adaptive gap adjustment and a voltage limit protection method. Background Art

[0002] In traditional lightning protection facilities, the lightning protection voltage limiter is a key component, and its function is to limit lightning overvoltage and protect power system equipment from damage. For example, the utility model patent with the Chinese patent number CN205565289U discloses a lightning protection built-in column type voltage limiter with a lightning strike discharge counting device, which solves the problem of the lightning strike discharge times of the lightning arrester. However, like traditional lightning protection voltage limiters, in the face of environmental changes or frequent lightning strikes, there are often problems such as difficult adjustment of the discharge gap and slow response speed, resulting in poor lightning protection effect and even possible equipment failures. Therefore, it is urgent to design a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with an automatically adjustable discharge gap. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with self-adaptive gap adjustment to solve the drawback that the voltage limiter in the prior art cannot adjust the discharge gap.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] The present invention provides a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with self-adaptive gap adjustment, including a lightning arrester, a post insulator, a current collection component, a discharge component, and a lightning strike counter. The upper end of the lightning arrester is fixedly connected to the overhead wire. The current collection component is sleeved on the lower end of the lightning arrester. The upper end of the post insulator is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lightning arrester. Both ends of the discharge component are respectively connected to the post insulator and the lightning strike counter. A discharge gap is formed between the current collection component and the discharge component. A sensor component is provided on the overhead wire. The current collection component includes a current collection ring and a gap adjustment mechanism. The current collection ring is fixedly connected to the gap adjustment mechanism. The gap adjustment mechanism is slidably connected to the lower end of the lightning arrester. The gap adjustment mechanism is electrically connected to the sensor component.

[0006] Further preferably according to the above technical solution, the gap adjusting mechanism includes a first snap ring, a second snap ring, a lifting motor, a locking motor, a locking connecting rod and a controller; the controller is electrically connected to the sensor assembly, the lifting motor and the locking motor respectively, the controller converts the data collected by the sensor assembly into digital signals and outputs control signals; the first snap ring and the second snap ring are relatively buckled at the lower end of the lightning arrester, the locking connecting rod is threadedly connected to the first snap ring, the locking connecting rod is rotatably connected to the second snap ring, and the end of the locking connecting rod is connected to the output shaft of the locking motor through a coupling; the lifting motor is fixedly arranged on one side of the second snap ring, a driving wheel is arranged on the output shaft of the lifting motor, and the driving wheel is in abutting and mating connection with the lightning arrester.

[0007] Preferably, the lightning arrester includes a lightning arrester body and a conductive rod, a rack is arranged on the conductive rod, the driving wheel is a gear, the driving wheel is meshed with the rack, rail grooves are respectively arranged on both sides of the conductive rod in the vertical direction, and limiting platforms are respectively arranged on both sides of the second snap ring, and the limiting platforms are in sliding fit connection with the rail grooves.

[0008] Preferably, the first snap ring and the second snap ring are semi-circular snap rings, ear plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the first snap ring and the second snap ring, the locking connecting rod is threadedly connected to the first snap ring through the ear plate, the locking connecting rod is rotationally connected to the second snap ring through the ear plate, a synchronous gear set is arranged at the output end of the locking motor, and the other side of the synchronous gear set is respectively connected to the locking connecting rod through a coupling.

[0009] Preferably, the discharging assembly includes a discharging disc, a clamping component and a diversion wire, the discharging disc is respectively connected to the clamping component and the diversion wire, the other end of the diversion wire is connected to a lightning strike counter, a power taking coil is arranged on the diversion wire, the power taking coil is connected to an energy storage mechanism, and the energy storage mechanism is connected to the gap adjusting mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping component includes a U-shaped hoop and a baffle, the baffle is arranged through the U-shaped hoop, an arc bend is arranged on the inner side of the baffle, a rubber pad is laid on the inner side of the arc bend, a tie strap strip is arranged on the U-shaped hoop, a tie strap buckle is arranged on the baffle, and the tie strap buckle is in fit connection with the tie strap strip.

[0011] Preferably, the first snap ring and the second snap ring are made of copper ring material.

[0012] Preferably, the lightning strike counter is a wireless remote transmission counter, and the lightning strike counter is composed of an insulating housing, a discharge induction coil, a circuit board, a main chip and a wireless transmission chip.

[0013] Preferably, the sensor assembly includes a current-voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and an environmental sensor. The current-voltage sensor is used to detect the voltage and current parameters of the overhead wire in real time. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the operating temperature of the lightning arrester. The environmental sensor is used to monitor humidity adjustment and pollution level adjustment.

[0014] The present invention also provides a high-efficiency lightning protection and voltage-limiting method with adaptive gap adjustment. The voltage-limiting protection method includes the following steps:

[0015] Step s1, monitoring and data acquisition: The operating state of the lightning arrester, the voltage and current data of the overhead wire power grid, and the environmental condition data are monitored in real time through the sensor assembly. The controller converts the data collected by the sensor assembly into digital signals and stores the data.

[0016] Step s2, data analysis and state evaluation: The controller uses the data processing unit to analyze the collected data and identify the operating mode of the power grid. The state evaluation algorithm evaluates the state of the power grid according to preset rules or machine learning models.

[0017] Step s3, decision-making: The controller determines whether it is necessary to adjust the protection parameters according to the state evaluation result. If adjustment is required, a parameter adjustment plan is given.

[0018] Step s4, parameter adjustment: If it is necessary to increase the discharge gap, the controller controls the lifting motor and the locking motor to act respectively. The locking motor rotates to loosen the first snap ring. The lifting motor drives the current collector assembly to rise, which is used to increase the discharge gap between the current collector assembly and the discharge assembly. After adjusting to the appropriate distance, the controller controls the locking motor to rotate in the reverse direction to fixedly clamp the first snap ring and the second snap ring on the lightning arrester. If it is necessary to decrease the discharge gap, the controller controls the lifting motor and the locking motor to act respectively. The locking motor rotates to loosen the first snap ring. The lifting motor drives the current collector assembly to descend, which is used to decrease the discharge gap between the current collector assembly and the discharge assembly. After adjusting to the appropriate distance, the controller controls the locking motor to rotate in the reverse direction to fixedly clamp the first snap ring and the second snap ring on the lightning arrester.

[0019] Step s5, feedback and optimization: After adjustment, continue to monitor the operating state of the lightning arrester, the voltage and current data of the overhead wire power grid, and the environmental condition data, and evaluate the adjustment effect. If necessary, the system will further optimize the protection parameters according to the feedback.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention provides a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment. The technical solution provided by the present invention can respond to the voltage change on the overhead wire in real time by means of adaptive gap adjustment, thereby eliminating technical problems such as low heating efficiency and uneven heat distribution, and effectively solving the defect of poor lightning protection effect existing in the prior art.

[0022] 2. The present invention provides a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment. A gap adjustment mechanism is provided in the present invention. The gap adjustment mechanism is electrically connected to the sensor assembly and can automatically adjust the size of the discharge gap according to the real-time data collected by the sensor assembly on the overhead wire, ensuring that the lightning protection voltage limiter is always in the best working state. This characteristic of adaptive gap adjustment greatly improves the lightning protection efficiency of the lightning protection voltage limiter, reduces the accident rate caused by lightning strikes, and improves the reliability and stability of the power system.

[0023] 3. The present invention provides a high-efficiency lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment. A lightning strike counter is provided in the present invention, which can monitor and record the number of lightning strikes in real time, providing a scientific basis for lightning protection work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the actual device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collection component of the actual device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the lightning arrester of the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic structural diagram of the lightning arrester part of the device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the lightning strike counter of the device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the clamp assembly of the device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram of the electrical control principle of the device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 is a flow chart of the method steps of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1. Lightning arrester, 11. Lightning arrester body, 12. Conductive rod, 13. Rack, 14. Rail groove,

[0034] 2. Post insulator,

[0035] 3. Collector assembly, 31. Slip ring, 32. Gap adjusting mechanism, 320. Controller, 321. First snap ring, 322. Second snap ring, 323. Lifting motor, 324. Locking motor, 325. Locking connecting rod, 326. Driving wheel, 327. Limiting platform, 328. Ear plate, 329. Synchronous gear set,

[0036] 4. Discharge assembly, 41. Discharge plate, 42. Clamp assembly, 421. U-shaped clamp, 422. Baffle plate, 423. Arc bend, 424. Rubber pad, 425. Tie strip, 426. Tie buckle, 43. Diversion wire, 44. Power-taking coil,

[0037] 5. Lightning strike counter, 51. Insulating housing, 52. Discharge induction coil, 53. Circuit board, 54. Main chip, 55. Wireless transmission chip,

[0038] 6. Overhead conductor, 7. Discharge gap,

[0039] 8. Sensor assembly, 81. Current and voltage transformer, 82. Temperature sensor, 83. Environment sensor. Detailed implementation mode

[0040] In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "first", "second", "middle end", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only relational terms determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of each component or element of the present disclosure, and do not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present disclosure.

[0041] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] As Figures 1 to 8As shown in the figure, the present invention provides an embodiment of a high-efficiency distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with an adaptive gap adjustment, including a lightning arrester 1, a post insulator 2, a current collection component 3, a discharge component 4, and a lightning strike counter 5. The upper end of the lightning arrester 1 is fixedly connected to the overhead wire 6. The current collection component 3 is sleeved on the lower end of the lightning arrester 1, and is fixedly connected to the conductive terminal at the lower end of the lightning arrester 1 in contact, and maintains good electrical conductivity. The upper end of the post insulator 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lightning arrester 1, and the post insulator 2 is used to isolate the power frequency voltage. Both ends of the discharge component 4 are respectively connected to the post insulator 2 and the lightning strike counter 5, and the discharge component 4 is electrically connected to the lightning strike counter, and is used to record the number of lightning strikes. A discharge gap 7 is formed between the current collection component 3 and the discharge component 4. In the normal operation of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the discharge gap 7 is used to isolate the power frequency voltage. Under the action of the lightning overvoltage generated by the induced lightning or direct lightning, the lightning arrester body presents a low impedance and conducts instantaneously. The discharge gap 7 formed between the current collection component 3 and the discharge component 4 is broken down, and the lightning strike current is connected to the ground through the discharge component 4, and the lightning strike current is discharged to the ground. A sensor component 8 is provided on the overhead wire 6; the current collection component 3 includes a slip ring 31 and a gap adjustment mechanism 32. The slip ring 31 is fixedly connected to the gap adjustment mechanism 32. The gap adjustment mechanism 32 is slidably connected to the lower end of the lightning arrester 1, and the gap adjustment mechanism 32 is electrically connected to the sensor component 8. In the normal operation of the distribution network post type lightning protection voltage limiting device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the post insulator 2 and a part of the lightning arrester 1 jointly bear the voltage to isolate the power frequency voltage, and the proportion borne by the lightning arrester body is very small. Under the action of the lightning overvoltage generated by the induced lightning or direct lightning, the lightning arrester body presents a low impedance and conducts instantaneously. The lightning current breaks down the air gap between the current collection component 3 and the discharge component 4, and the lightning strike current is transmitted to the discharge component 4, and finally is discharged into the ground through the grounding device. After the lightning impulse, the resistance of the lightning arrester body 11 instantaneously increases, the arc current passing through is suppressed to a lower value, the arc voltage drop of the air gap increases, the insulation of the gap part is quickly restored, and the arc extinguishes naturally in a very short time. In the present invention, a gap adjustment mechanism is provided, and the gap adjustment mechanism is electrically connected to the sensor component, and can automatically adjust the size of the discharge gap according to the real-time data on the overhead wire collected by the sensor component, so as to ensure that the lightning protection voltage limiter is always in the best working state. This characteristic of adaptive gap adjustment greatly improves the lightning protection efficiency of the lightning protection voltage limiter, reduces the accident rate caused by lightning strikes, and improves the reliability and stability of the power system.

[0043] The gap adjusting mechanism 32 includes a first snap ring 321, a second snap ring 322, a lifting motor 323, a locking motor 324, a locking connecting rod 325, and a controller 320. The controller 320 is electrically connected to the sensor assembly 8, the lifting motor 323, and the locking motor 324 respectively. The controller 320 converts the data collected by the sensor assembly 8 into digital signals and outputs control signals. The first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322 are relatively buckled at the lower end of the lightning arrester 1. The first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322 have good electrical conductivity with the lightning arrester. The locking connecting rod 325 is threadedly connected to the first snap ring 321 and rotatably connected to the second snap ring 322. The end of the locking connecting rod 325 is connected to the output shaft of the locking motor 324 by a coupling. The lifting motor 323 is fixedly arranged on one side of the second snap ring 322. A driving wheel 326 is arranged on the output shaft of the lifting motor 323, and the driving wheel 326 is in abutting and mating connection with the lightning arrester 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, by rotating the locking connecting rod 325, the distance between the first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322 can be adjusted. When the distance increases, the gap adjusting mechanism 32 can move up and down along the lightning arrester conductive rod. In the embodiment of the present invention, a rail groove 14 is arranged on the conductive rod 12, and a limiting platform that cooperates with the rail groove 14 is arranged on the second snap ring 322. The movement of the limiting platform in the rail groove 14 is used to guide and limit the up and down movement of the second snap ring 322.

[0044] The lightning arrester 1 includes a lightning arrester body 11 and a conductive rod 12. A rack 13 is arranged on the conductive rod 12. The driving wheel 326 is a gear, and the driving wheel 326 is meshed with the rack 13. Rail grooves 14 are respectively arranged on both sides of the conductive rod 12 in the vertical direction, and limiting platforms 327 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second snap ring 322. The limiting platforms 327 are in sliding fit connection with the rail grooves 14. In the embodiment of the present invention, an indicating device is arranged below the lightning arrester 1. The indicating device is irreversible deformation paint, which is composed of a mixture of silicone emulsion, silicate resin, and low-energy micro-star metal ions such as iron potassium. When the lightning arrester fails and is punctured in the embodiment of the present invention, the power frequency arc is applied to the slip ring 31. Under the combined action of high temperature, large current, and duration, the voltage equalizing ring changes from orange to black, solving the problem that the identification is not obvious when the lightning protection device fails and it is difficult for the line patrol personnel to find the fault.

[0045] The first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322 are semi-circular snap rings. Ear plates 328 are respectively arranged at both ends of the first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322. The locking connecting rod 325 is threadedly connected to the first snap ring 321 through the ear plate 328, and the locking connecting rod 325 is rotationally connected to the second snap ring 322 through the ear plate 328. A synchronous gear set 329 is arranged at the output end of the locking motor 324, and the other side of the synchronous gear set 329 is respectively connected to the locking connecting rod 325 by a coupling.

[0046] The discharge assembly 4 includes a discharge disk 41, a clamp assembly 42, and a diversion wire 43. The discharge disk 41 is respectively connected to the clamp assembly 42 and the diversion wire 43. The other end of the diversion wire 43 is connected to a lightning strike counter 5. A power-taking coil 44 is disposed on the diversion wire 43. The power-taking coil 44 is connected to an energy storage mechanism 45. The energy storage mechanism 45 is connected to a gap adjustment mechanism 32.

[0047] The clamp assembly 42 includes a U-shaped clamp 421 and a baffle 422. The baffle 422 is disposed through the U-shaped clamp 421. An arc bend 423 is provided on the inner side of the baffle 422. A rubber pad 424 is laid on the inner side of the arc bend 423. A tie strap strip 425 is provided on the U-shaped clamp 421. A tie strap buckle 426 is provided on the baffle 422. The tie strap buckle 426 is cooperatively connected with the tie strap strip 425.

[0048] The first clamping ring 321 and the second clamping ring 322 are made of copper ring material.

[0049] The lightning strike counter 5 is a wireless remote transmission counter. The lightning strike counter 5 is composed of an insulating housing 51, a discharge induction coil 52, a circuit board 53, a main chip 54, and a wireless transmission chip 55. The present invention is provided with a lightning strike counter, which can monitor and record the number of lightning strikes in real time, providing a scientific basis for lightning protection work. The lightning strike counter 5 is composed of an insulating housing 51, a solar panel, a rechargeable battery, a discharge induction coil 52, a circuit board 53, a main chip 54, and a wireless transmission chip 55. One side of the insulating housing 51 is provided with a round hole. The discharge induction coil 52 is in a ring shape, and the hole in the middle thereof corresponds to the round hole on the insulating housing. The main chip 54 is burned with operation programs and information such as the current device number. When the discharge induction coil senses the arc discharge on the diversion wire 43 and the lightning current passing through, a trigger signal is sent to the main chip 54, and after compilation, it is transmitted to an information receiving device in a wireless transmission manner through the wireless transmission chip 55 and then forwarded to the server side to trigger an alarm message or for the user to view the device status.

[0050] The sensor assembly 8 includes a current and voltage sensor 81, a temperature sensor 82, and an environment sensor 83. The current and voltage sensor 81 is used to detect the voltage and current parameters of the overhead wire 6 in real time. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the operating temperature of the lightning arrester. The environment sensor 83 is used to monitor humidity adjustment and pollution level adjustment.

[0051] The present invention also provides an embodiment of an efficient power distribution network lightning protection and voltage limiting protection method for adaptive gap adjustment. The voltage limiting protection method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step s1, Monitoring and data collection: The working status of the lightning arrester, the voltage and current data of the overhead wire power grid, and the environmental condition data are monitored in real time through the sensor assembly 8. The controller 320 converts the data collected by the sensor assembly 8 into digital signals and stores the data.

[0053] Step s2, Data analysis and status evaluation: The controller 320 uses the data processing unit to analyze the collected data and identify the operating mode of the power grid. The status evaluation algorithm evaluates the status of the power grid according to preset rules or machine learning models.

[0054] Step s3, Decision making: The controller 320 determines whether it is necessary to adjust the protection parameters according to the status evaluation result. If adjustment is needed, a parameter adjustment plan is given.

[0055] Step s4, Parameter adjustment: If it is necessary to increase the discharge gap, the controller 320 controls the lifting motor 323 and the locking motor 324 to act respectively. The locking motor 324 rotates to loosen the first snap ring 321, and the lifting motor 323 drives the current collecting assembly 3 to rise to increase the discharge gap between the current collecting assembly 3 and the discharge assembly 4. After adjusting to the appropriate distance, the locking motor 324 is controlled to rotate in the reverse direction to fixedly clamp the first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322 on the lightning arrester 1. If it is necessary to decrease the discharge gap, the controller 320 controls the lifting motor 323 and the locking motor 324 to act respectively. The locking motor 324 rotates to loosen the first snap ring 321, and the lifting motor 323 drives the current collecting assembly 3 to descend to decrease the discharge gap between the current collecting assembly 3 and the discharge assembly 4. After adjusting to the appropriate distance, the locking motor 324 is controlled to rotate in the reverse direction to fixedly clamp the first snap ring 321 and the second snap ring 322 on the lightning arrester 1.

[0056] Step s5, Feedback and optimization: After adjustment, continue to monitor the working status of the lightning arrester, the voltage and current data of the overhead wire power grid, and the environmental condition data, and evaluate the adjustment effect. If necessary, the system will further optimize and adjust the protection parameters according to the feedback.

[0057] Certainly, the above embodiments are not limitations to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the essence of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lightning arrester (1), a support insulator (2), a current collecting component (3), a discharge component (4) and a lightning strike counter (5); the upper end of the lightning arrester (1) is fixedly connected to an overhead conductor (6); the current collecting component (3) is sleeved on the lower end of the lightning arrester (1); the upper end of the support insulator (2) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lightning arrester (1); the two ends of the discharge component (4) are respectively connected to the support insulator (2) and the lightning strike counter (5); a discharge gap (7) is formed between the current collecting component (3) and the discharge component (4); a sensor component (8) is provided on the overhead conductor (6); the current collecting component (3) comprises a collector ring (31) and a gap adjustment mechanism (32); the collector ring (31) is fixedly connected to the gap adjustment mechanism (32); the gap adjustment mechanism (32) is slidably connected to the lower end of the lightning arrester (1); and the gap adjustment mechanism (32) is electrically connected to the sensor component (8).

2. According to the high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 1, it is characterized by: The gap adjustment mechanism (32) comprises a first snap ring (321), a second snap ring (322), a lifting motor (323), a locking motor (324), a locking connecting rod (325) and a controller (320); the controller (320) is electrically connected to the sensor assembly (8), the lifting motor (323) and the locking motor (324), respectively; the controller (320) converts the data collected by the sensor assembly (8) into a digital signal and outputs a control signal; the first snap ring (321) and the second snap ring (322) are connected to each other The buckle is arranged at the lower end of the lightning arrester (1), the locking link (325) is threadedly connected to the first retaining ring (321), the locking link (325) is rotatably connected to the second retaining ring (322), and the end of the locking link (325) is connected to the output shaft coupling of the locking motor (324); the lifting motor (323) is fixedly arranged on one side of the second retaining ring (322), and a driving wheel (326) is arranged on the output shaft of the lifting motor (323), and the driving wheel (326) is abutted and matched with the lightning arrester (1).

3. According to the high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized by: The lightning arrester (1) comprises a lightning arrester body (11) and a conductive rod (12); a rack (13) is provided on the conductive rod (12); the driving wheel (326) is a gear; the driving wheel (326) is meshingly connected to the rack (13); rail grooves (14) are respectively provided on both sides of the conductive rod (12) in a vertical direction; limiting platforms (327) are respectively provided on both sides of the second clamping ring (322); the limiting platforms (327) are slidably connected to the rail groove (14).

4. The high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first snap ring (321) and the second snap ring (322) are semicircular snap rings, and ear plates (328) are respectively provided at both ends of the first snap ring (321) and the second snap ring (322). The locking connecting rod (325) is threadedly connected to the first snap ring (321) through the ear plate (328), and the locking connecting rod (325) is connected to the rotating shaft of the second snap ring (322) through the ear plate (328). The output end of the locking motor (324) is provided with a synchronous gear set (329), and the other side of the synchronous gear set (329) is respectively connected to the locking connecting rod (325) coupling.

5. The high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The discharge assembly (4) comprises a discharge disk (41), a clamp assembly (42) and a guide wire (43); the discharge disk (41) is connected to the clamp assembly (42) and the guide wire (43) respectively; the other end of the guide wire (43) is connected to a lightning strike counter (5); a power collection coil (44) is provided on the guide wire (43); the power collection coil (44) is connected to an energy storage mechanism (45); and the energy storage mechanism (45) is connected to a gap adjustment mechanism (32).

6. The high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The clamp assembly (42) comprises a U-shaped hoop (421) and a baffle (422), wherein the baffle (422) is inserted into the U-shaped hoop (421), an arc-shaped bend (423) is arranged on the inner side of the baffle (422), a rubber pad (424) is arranged on the inner side of the arc-shaped bend (423), a strap strip (425) is arranged on the U-shaped hoop (421), a strap buckle (426) is arranged on the baffle (422), and the strap buckle (426) is connected to the strap strip (425) in a coordinated manner.

7. The high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first clamping ring (321) and the second clamping ring (322) are made of copper rings.

8. The high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The lightning strike counter (5) is a wireless remote transmission counter, and is composed of an insulating housing (51), a discharge induction coil (52), a circuit board (53), a main chip (54), and a wireless transmission chip (55).

9. The high-performance distribution network lightning protection voltage limiter with adaptive gap adjustment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor assembly (8) comprises a current and voltage sensor (81), a temperature sensor (82) and an environmental sensor (83); the current and voltage sensor (81) is used to detect voltage and current parameters of the overhead wire (6) in real time; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the operating temperature of the lightning arrester; and the environmental sensor (83) is used to monitor humidity regulation and pollution level regulation.

10. A high-efficiency distribution network lightning protection and voltage limiting protection method with adaptive gap adjustment, characterized in that: The voltage limiting protection method comprises the following steps: Step s1, monitoring and data collection, monitoring the working state of the arrester, the voltage and current data of the overhead wire power grid and the environmental condition data in real time through the sensor component (8), the controller (320) converts the data collected by the sensor component (8) into a digital signal and stores the data; Step s2, data analysis and state evaluation, the controller (320) uses the data processing unit to analyze the collected data and identify the operation mode of the power grid; the state evaluation algorithm evaluates the state of the power grid according to preset rules or machine learning models; Step s3, decision making, the controller (320) determines whether the protection parameters need to be adjusted according to the status evaluation result, and if so, provides a parameter adjustment plan; Step s4, parameter adjustment, if the discharge gap needs to be increased, the controller (320) controls the lifting motor (323) and the locking motor (324) to operate respectively, the locking motor (324) rotates, loosens the first clamping ring (321), and the lifting motor (323) drives the collector assembly (3) to rise, so as to increase the discharge gap between the collector assembly (3) and the discharge assembly (4). After adjusting to a suitable gap, the locking motor (324) is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction, and the first clamping ring (321) and the second clamping ring (322) are fixedly connected to the arrester. (1), if the discharge gap needs to be reduced, the controller (320) controls the lifting motor (323) and the locking motor (324) to operate respectively, the locking motor (324) rotates, loosens the first clamping ring (321), and the lifting motor (323) drives the current collecting assembly (3) to descend, so as to reduce the discharge gap between the current collecting assembly (3) and the discharge assembly (4). After the gap is adjusted to a suitable distance, the locking motor (324) is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the first clamping ring (321) and the second clamping ring (322) are fixedly connected to the arrester (1); Step s5, feedback and optimization, after adjustment, continue to monitor the working status of the lightning arrester, the voltage and current data of the overhead line power grid and the environmental condition data, and evaluate the adjustment effect; if necessary, the system will further optimize and adjust the protection parameters based on the feedback.

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