A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solar photovoltaic panel temperature reduction and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, which relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization and seawater desalination, comprising a first fixed beam, wherein the first fixed beam is symmetrically provided with two groups, and both sides of the bottom end of the first fixed beam are provided with adjustable angle foot brackets; the present invention arranges a thermoelectric cooling plate on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel so that the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is in direct and close contact with the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, thereby efficiently absorbing and transmitting the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel, achieving efficient and rapid heat dissipation and cooling, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is made of flexible material, which can transmit the absorbed heat to the seawater evaporation chamber in the seawater evaporation box, heat and evaporate the seawater and obtain fresh water, thereby achieving seawater desalination, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency, and realizing the comprehensive utilization of waste heat while significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, flexible application, and suitability for islands, coastal areas and water-scarce areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization and seawater desalination, and in particular to a solar photovoltaic panel temperature reduction and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic technology refers to the technology that can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells made with this technology are easy to use, especially in recent years, with the rapid development of miniature semiconductor inverters, which has made their application faster. With the continuous development of photovoltaic technology, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules will drop significantly when working in high temperature environments. In order to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels, it is usually necessary to cool the photovoltaic modules.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with application number 202411915794.4 discloses an air-cooling and temperature-enhancing device for solar photovoltaic cells, and specifically discloses that the air-cooling and temperature-enhancing device includes: a reflective airfoil plate, installed on the lowest inclined side of the solar photovoltaic cell, and spaced apart from the solar photovoltaic cell; the length of the reflective airfoil plate is not less than the lateral length of the solar photovoltaic cell, and the thickness is less than its own width; a water collector, installed between the reflective airfoil plate and the solar photovoltaic cell, for collecting and storing rainwater, and the water collector is provided with a water supply port; the reflective airfoil plate and the solar photovoltaic cell form a water collection gap, the water collector is provided with a water collection trough, and the water collection gap is connected to the water collection trough; a humidifying rod is installed on the water collector, and one end is connected to the inside of the water collector, and the other end faces the ground.

[0004] Desalination is the use of seawater to desalinate and produce fresh water. It is an open-source incremental technology for realizing water resource utilization. It can increase the total amount of fresh water and is not affected by time, space and climate. The water quality is good and the price is becoming more reasonable. It can ensure a stable water supply for drinking water for coastal residents and water replenishment for industrial boilers. The process of obtaining fresh water from seawater is called desalination. Desalination is mainly for providing drinking water and agricultural water. Sometimes edible salt is also produced as a by-product.

[0005] For example, the invention patent with application number 202410176176.6 discloses a seawater desalination device, and specifically discloses that the device includes a seawater evaporator, which has a double-layer internal vacuum structure shell, and a tubular evaporation core is arranged in the shell. The evaporation core is composed of a microporous tube and a capillary material layer from the inside to the outside in the radial direction. The peripheral wall of the microporous tube is evenly distributed with micropores penetrating the tube wall. One end of the microporous tube is an inlet structural part, and the end thereof facing away from the evaporation core is provided with a raw water pipe connection end for introducing seawater into the capillary material layer; the outlet structural part is provided with a pipe mouth connected to the microporous tube, and is also provided with an outlet channel connected to the inside and outside of the condensation chamber.

[0006] In the prior art, the cooling of photovoltaic modules is only achieved by sticking a radiator on the back of the photovoltaic panel or blowing air behind the photovoltaic module for cooling, but the cooling efficiency is limited and it is difficult to efficiently utilize the absorbed heat. On the other hand, seawater desalination technology is of great significance to coastal and island areas, but traditional seawater desalination devices mostly rely on external heat sources or multi-stage flash evaporation / reverse osmosis systems with high energy consumption. How to combine the cooling process of photovoltaic modules with the seawater desalination process to achieve comprehensive energy utilization and improve the overall efficiency of the system is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, the present invention proposes a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, which combines the cooling process of photovoltaic components with the seawater desalination process to achieve comprehensive energy utilization and improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0008] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, including a first fixed beam, two groups of the first fixed beams are symmetrically arranged, and adjustable angle foot brackets are provided on both sides of the bottom end of the first fixed beam, and second fixed beams are symmetrically fixed to the top of the two groups of the first fixed beams, and a symmetrically distributed movable frame is slidably provided on the second fixed beam, and a pressing mechanism is provided on the movable frame, and solar photovoltaic panels are placed on the top of the two groups of the second fixed beams, and the solar photovoltaic panels are fixed to the top of the second fixed beams by the pressing mechanism, and a thermoelectric cooling plate is slidably inserted into the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, and a seawater evaporation box is provided under the solar photovoltaic panel, and a first partition, a second partition and a porous capillary guide plate are fixed inside the seawater evaporation box, and the seawater storage chamber, the seawater evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber are separated by the first partition, the second partition and the porous capillary guide plate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate passes through the seawater evaporation chamber.

[0009] A further improvement is that a water inlet pipe and a drain pipe communicating with the seawater storage chamber and the condensation chamber are fixed to the side wall of the seawater evaporation box away from the seawater evaporation chamber, respectively; the porous capillary guide plate is arranged at an angle with the water outlet facing the second partition.

[0010] A further improvement is that: a first return pipe and a second return pipe connected to the seawater storage chamber and the seawater evaporation chamber are respectively fixed on the side wall of the seawater evaporation box close to the seawater evaporation chamber, a water pump is fixed between the first return pipe and the second return pipe, and a concentration sensor electrically connected to the water pump is fixed inside the seawater evaporation chamber.

[0011] A further improvement is that the thermoelectric cooling plate includes a thermoelectric cooling cold end adhered to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel and a thermoelectric cooling hot end fixed to the back of the thermoelectric cooling cold end, and the end of the thermoelectric cooling hot end close to the seawater evaporation tank is curved and penetrates into the seawater evaporation chamber.

[0012] A further improvement is that a cover plate covering the periphery of the thermoelectric cooling plate is fixed to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, and a baffle adapted to the thermoelectric cooling plate is fixed to the side of the back of the solar photovoltaic panel away from the seawater evaporation tank.

[0013] A further improvement is that a temperature sensor electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooling plate is embedded on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, and a power control module and a controller are fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the sleeve plate.

[0014] A further improvement is that the pressing mechanism includes a screw threaded through the top of the moving frame and a knob fixed to the top of the screw, and the bottom end of the screw is rotatably connected to a pressure plate slidably connected to the inside of the moving frame through a bearing.

[0015] A further improvement is that bolt holes are opened on the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam at equal intervals, the second fixed beam is fixed to the top of the first fixed beam by bolts, and the movable frame is fixedly connected to the second fixed beam by bolts.

[0016] Further improvements are: the adjustable angle foot bracket includes a hinged seat fixed to the bottom end of the first fixed beam and a support rod hinged to the hinged seat, a support tube is slidingly sleeved on the support rod, a support pad is fixed to the bottom end of the support tube, a positioning bolt is threaded through the side wall of the support tube, and positioning holes that are compatible with the positioning bolts are equidistantly provided on the side wall of the support rod.

[0017] A further improvement is that the porous capillary guide plate includes a supporting substrate layer, a gradient porous capillary layer, a guide groove network layer and a microstructured water transfer surface layer distributed in sequence from top to bottom, the gradient porous capillary layer is fixed to the bottom surface of the porous capillary guide plate by sintering, the guide groove network layer is a micro-machined groove structure etched on the bottom surface of the gradient porous capillary layer, and the microstructured water transfer surface layer is a thin film coated on the bottom surface of the guide groove network layer.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention arranges a thermoelectric cooling plate on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel so that the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is in direct and close contact with the back of the solar photovoltaic panel, thereby efficiently absorbing and transferring the waste heat of the photovoltaic panel, and realizing efficient and rapid heat dissipation and cooling. The hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate is made of flexible material, and the absorbed heat can be transferred to the seawater evaporation chamber in the seawater evaporation box to heat and evaporate the seawater and obtain fresh water, thereby realizing seawater desalination, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency. While significantly improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel, it realizes the comprehensive utilization of waste heat. It has the advantages of compact structure, flexible application, and is suitable for islands, coastal areas and water-scarce areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a solar photovoltaic panel and a thermoelectric cooling panel of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the seawater evaporation tank of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a top view of the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the angle-adjustable foot support of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first fixed beam and the second fixed beam of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of temperature comparison of a cross section of a solar photovoltaic panel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the temperature of silicon crystals of a solar photovoltaic panel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the porous capillary guide plate of the present invention.

[0028] Wherein: 1. First fixed beam; 2. Adjustable angle foot bracket; 3. Second fixed beam; 4. Moving frame; 5. Solar photovoltaic panel; 6. Thermoelectric cooling panel; 7. Seawater evaporation chamber; 8. First partition; 9. Second partition; 10. Porous capillary guide plate; 11. Seawater storage chamber; 12. Seawater evaporation chamber; 13. Condensation chamber; 14. Water inlet pipe; 15. Drain pipe; 16. First return pipe; 17. Second return pipe; 18. Water pump; 19. Concentration sensor; 20. Cover plate; 21. Baffle ; 22. Temperature sensor; 23. Power control module; 24. Controller; 25. Screw; 26. Knob; 27. Pressure plate; 28. Bolt hole; 201. Articulated seat; 202. Support rod; 203. Support tube; 204. Support foot; 205. Positioning bolt; 206. Positioning hole; 601. Thermoelectric cooling cold end; 602. Thermoelectric cooling hot end; 101. Support substrate layer; 102. Gradient porous capillary layer; 103. Guide groove network layer; 104. Microstructured water transport surface layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] according to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9As shown, this embodiment provides a solar photovoltaic panel cooling efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, including two groups of first fixed beams 1 and two groups of second fixed beams 3, wherein the two groups of second fixed beams 3 are symmetrically fixed to the top of the two groups of first fixed beams 1, and the left and right sides of the bottom ends of the two groups of first fixed beams 1 are provided with adjustable angle foot brackets 2, and the adjustable angle foot brackets 2 have adjustable inclination angles to adapt to the sunshine angles in different regions, and also have lifting and adjusting functions to adapt to different use heights. Each group of second fixed beams 3 is provided with two groups of movable frames 4 that are symmetrically distributed front and back, and the movable frames 4 are slidably arranged on the second fixed beams 3 so as to slide and adjust the displacement. After sliding and adjusting the displacement, they are fixed to the second fixed beams 3 by bolts, and the movable frames 4 is provided with a pressing mechanism, and a group of solar photovoltaic panels 5 are placed on the top of the two groups of second fixed beams 3. The solar photovoltaic panels 5 are pressed and fixed to the top of the second fixed beams 3 by the pressing mechanism, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly of the solar photovoltaic panels 5. The solar photovoltaic panels 5 of this embodiment are composed of silicon wafers, electrodes and packaging materials. The back of the solar photovoltaic panels 5 is slidably plugged with a thermoelectric cooling plate 6 for cooling the solar photovoltaic panels 5, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panels 5 can be used for user storage and can also drive the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 to work. When the temperature of the solar photovoltaic panels 5 is higher than the normal temperature, the controller 24 on the device is started to drive the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 to work and cool the back of the solar photovoltaic panels 5;

[0031] A seawater evaporation box 7 is provided below the solar photovoltaic panel 5. A first partition plate 8 is fixedly arranged at an angle on the left side of the seawater evaporation box 7, and a second partition plate 9 is fixedly arranged at an angle on the right side of the seawater evaporation box 7. A porous capillary guide plate 10 is provided above the first partition plate 8. The internal space of the seawater evaporation box 7 is divided into a seawater storage chamber 11 for storing seawater to be desalinated, a seawater evaporation chamber 12 for heating and evaporating seawater, and a condensation chamber 13 by the first partition plate 8, the second partition plate 9 and the porous capillary guide plate 10. The hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 is bent and passes through the seawater evaporation chamber 12. The heat transferred by the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 is used to heat and evaporate the seawater inside the seawater evaporation chamber 12. Two sets of water outlet pipes, which are respectively connected to the seawater storage chamber 11 and the seawater evaporation chamber 12 and have automatic control valves, are fixed on the front of the seawater evaporation box 7 for discharging seawater.

[0032] The porous capillary guide plate 10 in this embodiment plays a key role in mass transfer and phase change regulation in the seawater evaporation-condensation fresh water collection system. Its working process is based on the synergistic effect of capillary force drive, interface effect and phase change thermodynamics. In the evaporation stage, the hydrophobic porous medium with a gradient porosity distribution, water vapor undergoes phase change through the porous medium and condenses in the capillary guide groove to form a liquid, flows downward to the second partition 9 through the capillary guide groove and converges in the condensation chamber 13. Its high specific surface area characteristics significantly enhance the condensation rate of water vapor under the action of low-grade thermal energy. At the same time, the nano / micron-scale composite pore structure in the porous capillary guide plate 10 reduces the evaporation enthalpy of water through the confinement effect, realizing efficient phase change conversion. After steam is generated, the super-hydrophobic functional layer on the surface of the porous capillary guide plate 10 is combined with the directional microstructure design to guide the water vapor to be transported and converged along the preset three-dimensional flow channel to the condensation chamber 13. In this process, by regulating the length of the steam diffusion path and the local pressure gradient, steam escape can be effectively suppressed and latent heat loss can be reduced.

[0033] A water inlet pipe 14 connected to the seawater storage chamber 11 and equipped with a control valve is fixed to the lower part of the right side wall of the seawater evaporation box 7, which is used to inject seawater to be desalinated. A drain pipe 15 connected to the condensation chamber 13 and equipped with a control valve is fixed to the upper part of the right side wall of the seawater evaporation box 7, which is used to discharge the condensed water output from the porous capillary guide plate 10. The porous capillary guide plate 10 is arranged at an angle and the water outlet end faces the second partition 9. The condensed water output from the porous capillary guide plate 10 flows down along the second partition 9 and is discharged by the drain pipe 15.

[0034] A first return pipe 16 communicating with the seawater storage chamber 11 is fixed to the lower part of the left side wall of the seawater evaporation box 7, and a second return pipe 17 communicating with the seawater evaporation chamber 12 is fixed to the upper part of the left side wall of the seawater evaporation box 7. A water pump 18 is fixed between the first return pipe 16 and the second return pipe 17. A concentration sensor 19 is fixed inside the seawater evaporation chamber 12. The concentration sensor 19 is connected to the PLC control system of the device and is used to start the water pump 18 when it detects that the seawater concentration is higher than a preset value. The hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 is inserted into the seawater evaporation chamber 12, and the seawater is evaporated into water vapor by heat and flows toward the porous capillary guide plate 10. The seawater concentration in the seawater evaporation chamber 12 is monitored in real time by the concentration sensor 19. When the concentration exceeds the preset value, the water pump 18 is started to continue to inject the seawater stored in the seawater storage chamber 11 into the seawater evaporation chamber 12 to re-introduce fresh seawater and repeat the operation.

[0035] The thermoelectric cooling plate 6 includes a thermoelectric cooling cold end 601 and a thermoelectric cooling hot end 602, wherein the thermoelectric cooling cold end 601 is bonded to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5, and efficient heat dissipation is achieved through thermal conductive interface materials or vacuum bonding technology. The thermoelectric cooling hot end 602 is fixed to the back of the thermoelectric cooling cold end 601. The end of the thermoelectric cooling hot end 602 close to the seawater evaporation box 7 is curved and penetrates into the seawater evaporation chamber 12. The thermoelectric cooling hot end 602 is made of a flexible material that is flexible and resistant to high temperatures. It is convenient to bend, bond or extend according to the installation angle or position of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 to transport heat to the seawater evaporation chamber 12 in the seawater evaporation box 7 so as to heat the seawater therein. The flexible material is made of silica gel as the base material and filled with boron nitride (BN) or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles (accounting for 30-50%), and the thermal conductivity coefficient can reach 8-12 W / m·K, temperature resistance range -50~200℃, bending radius ≤10mm, suitable for repeated bending scenarios, copper foil (thickness 0.1mm) and high-temperature resistant silicone are alternately laminated, combining metal thermal conductivity and flexibility, thermal conductivity coefficient >200 W / m·K, and nickel plating to prevent seawater corrosion;

[0036] When current passes through a loop composed of two different semiconductor materials (p-type and n-type) of the thermoelectric cooling cold end 601 and the thermoelectric cooling hot end 602, one joint will absorb heat (cooling) and the other joint will release heat (heating). By changing the direction of the current, switching between cooling and heating can be achieved (in winter when the temperature is low, it can be used to generate heat to melt snow or ice crystals on the surface of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 so that the solar photovoltaic panel 5 can reach a good operating state).

[0037] A sleeve plate 20 is fixed on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5, and the sleeve plate 20 is covered on the periphery of the thermoelectric cooling plate 6. The sliding connection is achieved by sliding the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 into the sleeve plate 20. A baffle 21 is fixed on the side of the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 away from the seawater evaporation tank 7. The baffle 21 is adapted to the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 and serves as a barrier to the thermoelectric cooling plate 6.

[0038] Photovoltaic cell photoelectric conversion efficiency ( ) is affected by temperature ( ) has a significant impact, and its temperature dependence is determined by the temperature drift of the bandgap width of the semiconductor material and the carrier recombination rate. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 of this embodiment is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] in, is the reference temperature The efficiency under is the temperature coefficient, is the actual temperature of the photovoltaic panel, is the ambient temperature.

[0041] The thermoelectric cooling plate 6 of this embodiment adopts the solid-state heat pump principle of thermoelectric cooling (TEC). TEC is based on the Peltier effect and utilizes semiconductor heterojunction ( p - n The carrier migration of the junction realizes the directional transport of heat:

[0042] When the DC current ( ) When passing through the TEC, the electrons p Type and n Absorption or release of latent heat at the semiconductor interface;

[0043] Cold Junction ( ) absorbs heat, the hot end ( ) Release heat to form a heat pump effect;

[0044] The formula for thermoelectric cooling capacity is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] in, = is the Seebeck coefficient (V / K), is the operating current (A), 、 are the cold end and hot end temperatures (K), is the TEC internal resistance (Ω), is the thermal conductivity (W / K).

[0047] A groove is provided on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel 5 and a temperature sensor 22 for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 5 is embedded in the groove. The temperature sensor 22 is connected to the PLC control system of the device and is used to drive the thermoelectric cooling plate 6 to work when the temperature is detected to be higher than the preset value. The power control module 23 and controller 24 of the device are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the sleeve plate 20 for automatic control.

[0048] The pressing mechanism includes a screw rod 25 and a knob 26, wherein the screw rod 25 is threaded through the top of the movable frame 4, the knob 26 is fixed to the top of the screw rod 25 by a screw, and the bottom end of the screw rod 25 is rotatably connected to a pressure plate 27 through a bearing. The pressure plate 27 slides and fits with the inner wall of the movable frame 4. By rotating the knob 26, the screw rod 25 is driven to rotate downward to drive the pressure plate 27 to descend, and cooperate with the second fixed beam 3 to press and fix the solar photovoltaic panel 5.

[0049] Bolt holes 28 are equidistantly provided on the first fixed beam 1 and the second fixed beam 3. The second fixed beam 3 is fixed to the top of the first fixed beam 1 by bolts, and the movable frame 4 is fixedly connected to the second fixed beam 3 by bolts. The arrangement of multiple groups of bolt holes 28 makes it easy to adjust the position of the second fixed beam 3 on the first fixed beam 1, and makes it easy to adjust the position of the movable frame 4 on the second fixed beam 3.

[0050] The adjustable angle foot bracket 2 includes an articulated seat 201 and a support rod 202, wherein the articulated seat 201 is fixed to the bottom end of the first fixed beam 1 by screws, and the top end of the support rod 202 is hinged on the articulated seat 201, and the angle can be adjusted with the articulated seat 201 as the origin. A support tube 203 is slidably sleeved on the support rod 202, and a support pad 204 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the support tube 203. A positioning bolt 205 is threaded through the side wall of the support tube 203, and positioning holes 206 are equidistantly provided on the side wall of the support rod 202, and the positioning holes 206 are adapted to the positioning bolts 205. The positioning bolts 205 are screwed into the positioning holes 206 to achieve positioning and fixation of the support rod 202 and the support tube 203.

[0051] The porous capillary guide plate 10 is composed of a supporting substrate layer 101, a gradient porous capillary layer 102, a guide groove network layer 103, and a microstructured water transport surface layer 104. The supporting substrate layer 101 provides overall structural stability and mechanical strength, and the gradient porous capillary layer 102 (gradient pore size 10-100 μm) is fixed to the bottom surface of the porous capillary guide plate 10 by sintering. It is hydrophilic and has a gradient pore size design for steam diversion and capillary. The guide groove network layer 103 is a micro-machined groove structure that guides condensed water to flow in one direction for drainage. It is etched on the bottom surface of the gradient porous capillary layer 102. The microstructured water transport surface layer 104 is a thin film coated on the bottom surface of the guide groove network layer 103. It has a water-repellent surface coating, which promotes the accumulation and rolling of condensed water and prevents steam retention.

[0052] The porous capillary guide plate 10 of this embodiment is disposed between the seawater evaporation chamber 12 and the condensation chamber 13. It is a key functional component for achieving the evaporation-transport-condensation three-phase flow coupling. The supporting substrate layer 101, the gradient porous capillary layer 102, the guide groove network layer 103, and the microstructured water transport surface layer 104 are designed in a coordinated manner. The specific functions are as follows:

[0053] The gradient porosity structure of the gradient porous capillary layer 102 (pore size gradually decreases from the evaporation side to the condensation side): the larger pores improve thermal conductivity and accelerate the evaporation of liquid seawater. The smaller pore size forms a directional vapor migration path, reduces irregular diffusion and recondensation, shortens the channel vapor residence time, and increases the vapor migration rate.

[0054] The microstructured three-dimensional path of the microstructured water transport surface layer 104 guides the steam to the condensation area:

[0055] The surface micro-nanoscale structure is combined with hydrophilic / hydrophobic regulation to produce a directional diffusion gradient, which improves the steam transport efficiency and prevents steam escape by reducing the interfacial friction resistance;

[0056] Efficient collection of condensate:

[0057] After the steam enters the upper layer of the gradient porous capillary layer 102, it is quickly condensed into liquid water. The microstructured water transport surface layer 104 causes the water droplets to roll down and enter the bottom guide groove.

[0058] Gravity and capillary action work together to remove condensed water:

[0059] The tilted porous capillary guide plate 10 allows water to flow to the drainage end along the direction of gravity;

[0060] The guide groove is combined with the microporous channel to enhance the capillary siphon effect and realize energy-free liquid drainage;

[0061] Prevent water droplets from being retained and hindering subsequent condensation, thereby improving the efficiency of continuous water production;

[0062] Mechanism of reduction of evaporation enthalpy:

[0063] Reduce the evaporation enthalpy of water molecules through the nanoscale confinement effect, thereby improving low-temperature evaporation efficiency;

[0064] Without increasing the temperature of the hot end, the evaporation rate is accelerated to fully utilize the low-grade waste heat;

[0065] Phase Change Thermal Management:

[0066] The large amount of gas-liquid contact surface in the porous structure improves the heat transfer efficiency per unit area;

[0067] The porous matrix distributes heat flow evenly, alleviating local overheating or condensation hysteresis.

[0068] Thermal flow coupling with thermoelectric cooling system:

[0069] The heat from the hot end heats the water through the porous guide plate and drives evaporation;

[0070] Realize the triple coupling path of cold end cooling, hot end heating, and guide plate evaporation-condensation.

[0071] of this embodiment.

[0072] In this embodiment, the temperature field of the photovoltaic panel was tested. The experimental conditions were that the convection heat transfer in the actual environment was carried out around the photovoltaic panel, and the upper surface temperature was set to 60°C. Since the silicon wafer also generates heat during solar energy operation, a 2W internal generated heat was set in the photovoltaic panel. For the invention group and the control group, 10W and 0W cooling fluxes were set on the back of the photovoltaic panel respectively. Figure 7 ( Figure 7 The right side of the figure is the invention group. Figure 7 The left side is the control group) and Figure 8 ( Figure 8 The right side of the figure is the invention group. Figure 8 (The left side of the figure is the control group) As can be seen, the temperature fields of the photovoltaic panel cross section and silicon wafer in the invention group are lower than those in the control group, and the cross-sectional temperature field in the invention group is more uniform. This indicates that the present invention not only cools the entire silicon wafer pair but also cools every part of the photovoltaic module, thus further improving the power generation efficiency and lifespan of the photovoltaic panel.

[0073] Experiments show that traditional heat dissipation technology has a cooling efficiency of less than 30% for photovoltaic panels and accounts for more than 20% of energy consumption; the present invention couples thermoelectric cooling plates with seawater desalination to increase photovoltaic power generation efficiency by 18%, while using waste heat to produce fresh water, increasing the system's overall energy utilization rate by more than 40%.

[0074] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device, comprising a first fixed beam (1), characterized in that: The first fixed beam (1) is symmetrically provided with two groups, and both sides of the bottom end of the first fixed beam (1) are provided with adjustable angle foot brackets (2). The top ends of the two groups of the first fixed beams (1) are symmetrically fixed with second fixed beams (3). The second fixed beams (3) are slidably provided with symmetrically distributed moving frames (4), and the moving frames (4) are provided with a pressing mechanism. The top ends of the two groups of the second fixed beams (3) are provided with solar photovoltaic panels (5), and the solar photovoltaic panels (5) are fixed to the top ends of the second fixed beams (3) through the pressing mechanism. The back ends of the solar photovoltaic panels (5) are slidably plugged with thermoelectric cooling plates (6). A seawater evaporation box (7) is provided below the solar photovoltaic panels (5), and a first partition (8), a second partition (9) and a porous capillary guide plate (10) are fixed inside the seawater evaporation box (7), and the first partition (8) and the second partition (9) are provided with a porous capillary guide plate (10). The second partition (9) and the porous capillary guide plate (10) are divided into a seawater storage chamber (11), a seawater evaporation chamber (12) and a condensation chamber (13); the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) penetrates into the seawater evaporation chamber (12); the porous capillary guide plate (10) comprises a supporting substrate layer (101) distributed in sequence from top to bottom, a gradient porous capillary layer (102) with a pore size gradually decreasing from the evaporation side to the condensation side, a guide groove network layer (103) and a microstructured water transmission surface layer (104); the gradient porous capillary layer (102) is fixed to the bottom surface of the supporting substrate layer (101) by sintering; the guide groove network layer (103) is a micro-machined groove structure etched on the bottom surface of the gradient porous capillary layer (102); and the microstructured water transmission surface layer (104) is a thin film coated on the bottom surface of the guide groove network layer (103).

2. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet pipe (14) communicating with the seawater storage chamber (11) and a drain pipe (15) communicating with the condensation chamber (13) are fixed to a side wall of the seawater evaporation box (7) away from the seawater evaporation chamber (12), respectively. The porous capillary guide plate (10) is arranged at an angle with the water outlet end facing the second partition plate (9).

3. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first return pipe (16) communicating with the seawater storage chamber (11) and a second return pipe (17) communicating with the seawater evaporation chamber (12) are fixed to a side wall of the seawater evaporation box (7) close to the seawater evaporation chamber (12), a water pump (18) is fixed between the first return pipe (16) and the second return pipe (17), and a concentration sensor (19) electrically connected to the water pump (18) is fixed inside the seawater evaporation chamber (12).

4. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric cooling plate (6) comprises a thermoelectric cooling cold end (601) attached to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5) and a thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) fixed to the back of the thermoelectric cooling cold end (601); the end of the thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) close to the seawater evaporation box (7) is curved and extends into the interior of the seawater evaporation chamber (12); the thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) is made of a flexible material; the bending radius of the thermoelectric cooling hot end (602) is ≤10 mm, and the surface is nickel-plated for corrosion protection.

5. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve plate (20) covering the periphery of the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is fixed to the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5), and a baffle (21) adapted to the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is fixed to the side of the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5) away from the seawater evaporation tank (7).

6. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (22) electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooling plate (6) is embedded and installed on the back of the solar photovoltaic panel (5), and a power control module (23) and a controller (24) are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the sleeve plate (20).

7. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism comprises a screw rod (25) threadedly penetrating the top of the moving frame (4) and a knob (26) fixed to the top of the screw rod (25); the bottom end of the screw rod (25) is rotatably connected to a pressing plate (27) slidably connected to the inside of the moving frame (4) through a bearing.

8. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bolt holes (28) are equidistantly provided on the first fixed beam (1) and the second fixed beam (3); the second fixed beam (3) is fixed to the top of the first fixed beam (1) by bolts; and the movable frame (4) is fixedly connected to the second fixed beam (3) by bolts.

9. The solar photovoltaic panel cooling and efficiency enhancement and seawater evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable angle foot bracket (2) comprises an articulated seat (201) fixed to the bottom end of the first fixed beam (1) and a support rod (202) articulated on the articulated seat (201); a support tube (203) is slidably sleeved on the support rod (202); a support pad (204) is fixed to the bottom end of the support tube (203); a positioning bolt (205) is threadedly passed through the side wall of the support tube (203); and positioning holes (206) adapted to the positioning bolts (205) are equidistantly opened on the side wall of the support rod (202).

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