Wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery management, in particular to a wireless BMS management system with high anti-interference capability, which comprises a master node, a plurality of slave nodes, a dual-band communication module, a Mesh network topology structure, a broadband ceramic antenna array and an AI channel prediction module. The wireless BMS management system has remarkable advantages in the aspects of anti-interference capability, communication stability, network flexibility and the like, can effectively meet the requirements of modern battery management, and provides powerful guarantee for safe and efficient operation of an electric vehicle and an energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicle battery management, and particularly to a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the battery management system (BMS) plays an increasingly important role in optimizing battery performance and ensuring safety.

[0003] Traditional wireless BMS management systems usually adopt a single-band communication method, and there are many deficiencies in terms of anti-interference ability, communication stability, and flexibility of network topology: for example, a single-band communication module is easily interfered in a complex environment, resulting in signal attenuation and data loss; while a system lacking a Mesh network structure has a significant decline in communication efficiency when the number of nodes increases, making it difficult to achieve efficient data collection and control instruction issuance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability, which has significant advantages in terms of anti-interference ability, communication stability, and network flexibility, can effectively meet the needs of modern battery management, and provides a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.

[0005] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability, including: A master node, including an MCU, for performing battery state estimation and issuing control instructions; A plurality of slave nodes, distributed in the battery module, for collecting voltage and temperature data of single cells; A dual-band communication module, integrated in the master node and the slave nodes, supporting adaptive switching between the Sub-1GHz band and the 2.4GHz band; A Mesh network topology, including a plurality of relay nodes, realizing multi-hop communication between the master node and the slave nodes through the relay nodes; A broadband ceramic antenna array, configured in the master node, a plurality of slave nodes, and a plurality of relay nodes, supporting beamforming and directional signal enhancement; An AI channel prediction module, dynamically selecting the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect, further, the dual-band communication module is connected to the MCU of the master node through an SPI interface and satisfies the following interaction logic: The Sub-1GHz band is used for periodic transmission of voltage and temperature data from slave nodes to the master node; The 2.4GHz band is used for the master node to send real-time control instructions to slave nodes; The master node dynamically triggers band switching according to the RSSI and BER fed back by slave nodes, and synchronizes the switching timing through broadcast beacons.

[0007] Combined with the first aspect, further, the wireless BMS management system further includes a radio frequency front-end circuit. The broadband ceramic antenna array is connected to the dual-band communication module through the radio frequency front-end circuit, and the antenna beamforming direction is controlled by the master node: The master node generates a beam deflection control signal according to the position of the slave node; After receiving the master node signal, the slave node adjusts the local antenna phase to match the beam direction.

[0008] Combined with the first aspect, further, the connection relationship of each node in the Mesh network is as follows: The master node is directly connected to the relay node, and the relay node and the slave node form a multi-hop link; The master node allocates time slots for each relay node through the TSCH protocol, and specifies the communication channel and transmission direction within the time slot.

[0009] Combined with the first aspect, further, the AI channel prediction module and the MCU and the dual-band communication module of the master node form a closed-loop control: The input of the AI module is the historical RSSI, BER and temperature data of each node in the Mesh network; The output of the AI module is the band switching instruction and the time slot allocation strategy, which are directly written into the configuration register of the dual-band communication module.

[0010] Combined with the first aspect, further, the wireless BMS management system further includes a hardware security module coupled to the master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node encrypts the Mesh network communication through the hardware security module. The encryption process includes: Generate a dynamic session key with the hardware security module of the coupled master node and distribute it to the corresponding slave node through the dual-band communication module; The hardware security module coupled to the slave node uses the session key to encrypt the collected data, and the data is transmitted back to the hardware security module of the master node through the Mesh network for decryption.

[0011] Combined with the first aspect, further, the data transmission between the slave node and the master node includes the following hierarchical protocols: Physical layer: Signal modulation / demodulation is realized by the broadband ceramic antenna and the dual-band communication module; Link layer: Time slot synchronization and frequency hopping control are realized based on the TSCH protocol; Application layer: After the master node MCU parses the slave node data packet, it triggers the SOC estimation and equalization control algorithm; The slave node is integrated with an AFE chip, and the AFE chip collects the single-cell battery voltage and temperature at intervals synchronously, and filters and normalizes the noise of the voltage and temperature .

[0012] Combined with the first aspect, further, the master node generates a transmission priority according to the data urgency , and encapsulates the voltage and temperature into a protocol frame through CRC check and AES-256 encryption ; The calculation formula of the transmission priority is:

[0013] where , , are weight coefficients, is the voltage change amount in adjacent sampling periods, is the temperature change amount in adjacent sampling periods, is the currently estimated state of charge of the battery; The calculation formula of the protocol frame is:

[0014] where is the dynamic session key, is a random number.

[0015] Combined with the first aspect, further, the master node calculates the current channel capacity model based on Shannon's theorem ; if the slave node does not return ACK, it will retransmit randomly with a Poisson distribution delay; The calculation formula of the channel capacity model is:

[0016] where is the channel bandwidth, is the signal-to-noise ratio; The calculation formula of the hybrid ARQ retransmission probability is:

[0017] where is the average packet loss rate, is the maximum number of retransmissions, is the retransmission time interval.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention discloses a vehicle, which includes a battery installed in the vehicle, and the battery is the wireless BMS management system as described above.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention: The wireless BMS management system and the vehicle with strong anti-interference ability of the present invention adopt a dual-band communication module, support multi-band adaptive switching, so that the system can select the optimal communication band under different environmental conditions, effectively reducing the influence of external interference on signal transmission; Secondly, the introduction of the Mesh network topology enables multi-hop communication between the master node and the slave node through the relay node, enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the system and ensuring the efficient transmission of information in a large-scale battery module.

[0020] In addition, the application of the broadband ceramic antenna array, combined with beamforming and directional signal enhancement technologies, further improves the transmission quality and anti-interference ability of the signal; At the same time, the introduction of the AI channel prediction module enables the system to dynamically select the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data, optimizing the utilization rate of communication resources, reducing latency, and improving the overall system response speed. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, many specific details are set forth in the following description for a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] Currently, with the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the battery management system (BMS) plays an increasingly important role in optimizing battery performance and ensuring safety. Traditional wireless BMS management systems usually adopt single-band communication methods, and there are many deficiencies in terms of anti-interference ability, communication stability, and flexibility of network topology: For example, single-band communication modules are easily interfered in complex environments, resulting in signal attenuation and data loss; while systems lacking a Mesh network structure have a significant decrease in communication efficiency when the number of nodes increases, and it is difficult to achieve efficient data collection and control instruction issuance.

[0023] To solve the above problems, this embodiment discloses a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability, which includes: A master node, including an MCU, for performing battery state estimation and issuing control instructions; Multiple slave nodes, which are distributed in the battery module for collecting the voltage and temperature data of individual batteries; Dual-band communication module, which is integrated in the master node and slave nodes and supports the adaptive switching between the Sub-1GHz band and the 2.4GHz band; Mesh network topology, which includes multiple relay nodes to achieve multi-hop communication between the master node and slave nodes through the relay nodes; Wideband ceramic antenna array, which is configured in the master node, multiple slave nodes and multiple relay nodes to support beamforming and directional signal enhancement; AI channel prediction module, which dynamically selects the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data.

[0024] The wireless BMS management system of this embodiment removes more than 90% of the wiring harnesses, improves the energy density of the battery pack, and maintains a communication success rate of ≥99% in a metal shielding and strong interference environment; the adaptive frequency band switching and network scheduling meet the real-time requirements of vehicle regulations, and the end-to-end delay is ≤20ms.

[0025] In this embodiment, the dual-band communication module can operate in the signal frequency bands of Sub-1GHz + 2.4GHz. Through the dual-band communication module and the wideband ceramic antenna array, the signal penetration ability in the metal shielding scenario can be improved by at least 3 times compared with the single-frequency scheme.

[0026] The test data shows that under the 200V / m EMI interference, the communication success rate is increased from 72.3% of the traditional BLE to 98.5%; the Mesh network topology combined with the Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) protocol compresses the multi-hop transmission delay from about 30 - 50ms of the traditional scheme to within 15ms, and the end-to-end delay of key data (such as thermal runaway warning) is ≤5ms.

[0027] In addition, starting from the balance of energy efficiency and cost, the sleep current of the node can be ≤10μA, and the overall power consumption is reduced by 40%; through the integration of the SoC chip, the cost of the wireless BMS module increases by ≤15% compared with the traditional scheme, but the wiring harness and maintenance costs are reduced by 60%.

[0028] Furthermore, the dual-band communication module is connected to the MCU of the master node through the SPI interface and satisfies the following interaction logic: The Sub-1GHz band is used for the slave nodes to periodically transmit voltage and temperature data to the master node; The 2.4GHz band is used for the master node to send real-time control instructions to the slave nodes; The master node dynamically triggers the frequency band switching according to the RSSI and BER feedback from the slave nodes and synchronizes the switching timing through the broadcast beacon.

[0029] In this embodiment, Sub-1GHz enhances the long-distance penetration ability, and 2.4GHz provides high-rate transmission; the optimal frequency band is dynamically selected according to the real-time signal strength (RSSI) and bit error rate (BER); the master node uniformly schedules the frequency bands and time sequences of all slave nodes through beacon broadcasting to avoid multi-node competition.

[0030] Furthermore, the wireless BMS management system further includes a radio frequency front-end circuit. The broadband ceramic antenna array is connected to the dual-band communication module through the radio frequency front-end circuit, and the antenna beamforming direction is controlled by the master node: The master node generates a beam deflection control signal according to the positions of the slave nodes; After receiving the master node signal, the slave node adjusts the phase of the local antenna to match the beam direction.

[0031] In this embodiment, the master node calculates the beam deflection angle according to the pre-stored coordinates of the slave nodes :

[0032] wherein, ( ) and ( ) are the coordinates of the slave node and the master node respectively; The phase control signal is generated according to the wavelength and the element spacing :

[0033] The slave node feeds back the signal quality (RSSI / BER) every 10ms. If BER > 10⁻ 4 , the master node triggers beam reorientation.

[0034] Furthermore, the master node is directly connected to the relay node, and the relay node forms a multi-hop link with the slave nodes; The master node allocates time slots for each relay node through the TSCH protocol, and specifies the communication channel and transmission direction within the time slot.

[0035] In this embodiment, in a metal shielding environment, the success rate of the traditional comparison star network is about 70%, while the communication success rate of the multi-hop Mesh network ≥ 99.5%; the TSCH protocol improves the narrowband interference resistance ability by 10 times through 16-channel frequency hopping.

[0036] The working process of the master node is generally: network initialization, time slot and channel allocation, dynamic routing maintenance.

[0037] The process of network initialization is: The master node broadcasts a time synchronization beacon, and the slave node captures the beacon and synchronizes the clock by scanning 16 channels. The node builds a destination-oriented acyclic graph based on the RPL routing protocol. The path selection formula is:

[0038] in, is the expected number of transmissions, Received signal strength indicator.

[0039] The process of time slot and channel allocation is as follows: The master node allocates a dedicated time slot to each node, and the channel hopping sequence is generated according to the following formula:

[0040] in, It is the absolute time slot number of the counter that increments synchronously across the entire network.

[0041] The process of dynamic routing maintenance is as follows: Nodes periodically send DODAG information objects to update the network topology.

[0042] If a link loses packets three times in a row, local routing repair is triggered.

[0043] Furthermore, the AI ​​channel prediction module forms a closed-loop control with the MCU of the master node and the dual-band communication module: The AI ​​module input is the historical RSSI, BER and temperature data of each node in the Mesh network; The output of the AI ​​module is the frequency band switching instruction and time slot allocation strategy, which are directly written into the configuration register of the dual-band communication module.

[0044] Furthermore, the wireless BMS management system further includes a hardware security module coupled to the master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node encrypts the Mesh network communication through the hardware security module. The encryption process includes: The hardware security module of the coupled master node generates a dynamic session key and distributes it to the corresponding slave node through the dual-band communication module; The hardware security module coupled with the slave node uses the session key to encrypt the collected data, which is then transmitted back to the hardware security module of the master node via the Mesh network for decryption.

[0045] In this embodiment, after the master node and the slave node are powered on, a unique root key is generated based on chip manufacturing differences. ; Then the master node performs two-way authentication and sends a challenge random number , from the node Return after signing; send challenge random number from node , master node signature verification.

[0046] Subsequently, the master node HSM generates a new session key every hour and distributes it to the slave nodes through a secure channel. The slave nodes use decryption to obtain . After being encrypted by the slave nodes and decrypted by the master node, each data packet is appended with a timestamp and an incrementing sequence number, and the master node verifies the continuity of the timestamp and the incrementing sequence number.

[0047] Furthermore, the data transmission between the slave nodes and the master node includes the following hierarchical protocols: Physical layer: Signal modulation / demodulation is implemented by a broadband ceramic antenna and a dual-band communication module; Link layer: Slot synchronization and frequency hopping control are implemented based on the TSCH protocol; Application layer: After the master node MCU parses the data packets from the slave nodes, it triggers the SOC estimation and equalization control algorithms.

[0048] Wireless communication protocols generally follow a layered model, with each layer having a clear responsibility and interacting through standardized interfaces. In this embodiment, each protocol is arranged according to the physical layer, link layer, and application layer. Among them, the physical layer is responsible for underlying hardware operations such as signal modulation / demodulation, frequency selection, and power control; the link layer manages frame encapsulation, channel access, error detection, etc.; the application layer processes service logics such as battery data parsing, security encryption, and control instruction issuance.

[0049] As part of the hardware abstraction layer, the core function of the physical layer driver is to encapsulate chip-specific hardware operations into a unified API for upper-layer calls. The upper-layer protocol (such as the MAC layer) only calls the phy_send() function and does not care about the internal implementation differences; when replacing the chip, only the implementation code of the physical layer driver needs to be replaced while keeping the interface unchanged, and the upper layer does not need to be modified.

[0050] In the layered design, cross-layer parameter passing is achieved through standardized data structures, avoiding direct dependence on hardware details. For example: when the physical layer reports the channel quality (SNR, RSSI), the MAC layer receives a general floating-point value instead of a chip-specific register value; the data packet format (such as voltage value, temperature value) issued by the application layer has nothing to do with the physical layer modulation method.

[0051] Through the layered protocol design and the modular implementation of the hardware abstraction layer, the wireless BMS system decouples the hardware-dependent physical layer operations from the upper-layer protocol logic. When replacing the communication chip, as long as the new physical layer driver follows the same interface specification, the upper-layer protocol does not need to be adjusted and can be seamlessly compatible. This design significantly improves the flexibility and maintainability of the system and supports rapid adaptation to different hardware platforms and communication standards.

[0052] Further, the slave node integrates an AFE chip, and the AFE chip collects the voltages of individual batteries synchronously at intervals and the temperature , and filters the noise of the voltage and the temperature and performs data normalization processing.

[0053] In the traditional solution, the functions of the physical layer, link layer, and application layer are mixed, resulting in poor cross-platform compatibility and difficulty in adapting to different battery types or communication standards.

[0054] The protocol compatibility of this embodiment is improved, supporting multi-standard communication (such as BLE 5.2, Wi-SUN, custom protocol), and adapting to different application scenarios; in addition, when replacing the communication chip during subsequent maintenance after the above protocol is configured, only the physical layer driver needs to be modified, and the upper-layer protocol does not need to be adjusted.

[0055] The end-to-end delay optimizes the key data to pass through directly across layers (bypassing the protocol stack queue), and the delay is compressed from 20 ms to less than 5 ms.

[0056] The conventional data is batch encapsulated, reducing the protocol header overhead, the throughput is increased by 25%, and the physical layer frequency hopping + application layer encryption work together, and the security level reaches ISO 21434 TARA Level 4.

[0057] Further, the master node generates a transmission priority according to the data urgency , and encapsulates the voltage and the temperature into a protocol frame through CRC check and AES-256 encryption ; The calculation formula of the transmission priority is:

[0058] where , , are weight coefficients, is the voltage change amount of adjacent sampling periods, is the temperature change amount of adjacent sampling periods, is the currently estimated state of charge of the battery.

[0059] In this embodiment, the values of the weight coefficients , , can be dynamically adjusted according to the current environmental state; , and a threshold is set for , if , it is marked as an emergency event; Then it is estimated by the Extended Kalman Filter.

[0060] Furthermore, the protocol frame has the following calculation formula:

[0061] where is the dynamic session key, which is generated once an hour by the Hardware Security Module (HSM) of the master node and combined with the unique identifier of the battery pack through the Key Derivation Function (KDF); is a random number, generally 128 bits in length, updated each time encryption is performed to prevent replay attacks; is the XOR operation, which mixes the plaintext data with the Nonce to increase the encryption randomness.

[0062] Furthermore, the master node calculates the current channel capacity model based on Shannon's theorem ; if the slave node does not return an ACK, it is randomly delayed and retransmitted according to the Poisson distribution; The channel capacity model has the following calculation formula:

[0063] where is the channel bandwidth, with the unit of HZ; is the signal power, with the unit of W; is the noise power, with the unit of W, including thermal noise ( , where is the Boltzmann constant) and environmental interference; is the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0064] where is the average packet loss rate, calculated by statistical calculation through a sliding window (such as the last 100 data packets); is the maximum number of retransmissions, and a system alarm is triggered after exceeding it; is the retransmission time interval, with an initial value of 100 ms, dynamically adjusted according to network congestion.

[0065] Through the linkage of the above parameters, the full process optimization from data acquisition → secure transmission → reliable delivery is achieved.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability, characterized in that: include: The master node, including the MCU, is used to perform battery status estimation and control command issuance; Multiple slave nodes are distributed and deployed in the battery module to collect voltage and temperature data of single cells; Dual-band communication module, integrated in the master node and slave node, supports adaptive switching between Sub-1GHz and 2.4GHz bands; Mesh network topology, including multiple relay nodes, which realize multi-hop communication between master nodes and slave nodes; Wideband ceramic antenna arrays, deployed at the master node, multiple slave nodes, and multiple relay nodes, support beamforming and directional signal enhancement; AI channel prediction module dynamically selects the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data.

2. According to claim 1, a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability is characterized in that: The dual-band communication module is connected to the MCU of the master node through the SPI interface and meets the following interaction logic: The Sub-1GHz frequency band is used to periodically transmit voltage and temperature data from the slave node to the master node; The 2.4GHz frequency band is used by the master node to send real-time control instructions to the slave nodes; The master node dynamically triggers the frequency band switching based on the RSSI and BER fed back by the slave nodes, and synchronizes the switching timing by broadcasting beacons.

3. According to the wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The wireless BMS management system also includes a radio frequency front-end circuit, through which the broadband ceramic antenna array is connected to the dual-band communication module, and the antenna beamforming direction is controlled by the master node: The master node generates a beam deflection control signal based on the slave node position; After receiving the signal from the master node, the slave node adjusts the local antenna phase to match the beam direction.

4. According to the wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The connection relationship between the nodes in the Mesh network is: The master node is directly connected to the relay node, and the relay node forms a multi-hop link with the slave node; The master node allocates a time slot to each relay node through the TSCH protocol, and specifies the communication channel and transmission direction within the time slot.

5. According to the wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The AI ​​channel prediction module forms a closed-loop control with the MCU of the master node and the dual-band communication module: The AI ​​module input is the historical RSSI, BER and temperature data of each node in the Mesh network; The output of the AI ​​module is the frequency band switching instruction and time slot allocation strategy, which are directly written into the configuration register of the dual-band communication module.

6. According to the wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The wireless BMS management system further includes a hardware security module coupled to a master node and a plurality of slave nodes. The master node encrypts Mesh network communication through the hardware security module. The encryption process includes: The hardware security module of the coupled master node generates a dynamic session key and distributes it to the corresponding slave node through the dual-band communication module; The hardware security module coupled with the slave node uses the session key to encrypt the collected data, which is then transmitted back to the hardware security module of the master node via the Mesh network for decryption.

7. According to the wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The data transmission between the slave node and the master node includes the following hierarchical protocols: Physical layer: Signal modulation / demodulation is achieved by broadband ceramic antenna and dual-band communication module; Link layer: time slot synchronization and frequency hopping control based on TSCH protocol; Application layer: After the master node MCU parses the slave node data packet, it triggers the SOC estimation and balancing control algorithm; The slave node is integrated with an AFE chip. Interval synchronous acquisition of single battery voltage and temperature , and the voltage and temperature The noise is filtered and the data is normalized.

8. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 7, characterized in that: The master node generates a transmission priority according to the urgency of the data , and the voltage and temperature Encapsulated into protocol frames through CRC check and AES-256 encryption ; Transmission priority The calculation formula is: in, , , is the weight coefficient, is the voltage change between adjacent sampling periods, is the temperature change between adjacent sampling periods, is the current estimated battery state of charge; Protocol Frame The calculation formula is: in, is a dynamic session key, Is a random number.

9. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 7, characterized in that: The master node calculates the current channel capacity model based on Shannon's theorem ; If the slave node does not return ACK, retransmit with random delay according to Poisson distribution; The channel capacity model The calculation formula is: in, is the channel bandwidth, is the signal-to-noise ratio; The calculation formula for hybrid ARQ retransmission probability is: in, is the average packet loss rate, is the maximum number of retransmissions, is the retransmission interval.

10. A vehicle, comprising a battery installed in the vehicle, characterized in that: The battery is installed with a wireless BMS management system as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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