Facility vegetable field tail vegetable straw in-situ rapid decomposition and field returning method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rotten vegetable processing, in particular to an in-situ rapid decomposition and field returning method for rotten vegetable straw of a facility vegetable field. The method comprises the following steps: collecting and removing impurities of the rotten vegetables, crushing straws of the rotten vegetables, compounding and spreading organic materials, ploughing soil, and regulating and controlling a greenhouse closing environment. Wherein in the organic material compounding and spreading process, the rotten vegetable straw and the organic fertilizer are mixed and then are uniformly distributed in a plough layer soil body; the greenhouse closing environment regulation and control comprises the steps of irrigating to 100% of field capacity and covering a mulching film. According to the method, the decomposition rate of the rotten vegetable straws can be effectively increased while soil pathogenic bacteria are killed, and the treatment cost and difficulty are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tail vegetable treatment, and particularly relates to a method for in-situ rapid decomposition and returning of tail vegetable straws in protected vegetable fields. Background Art

[0002] Tail vegetables account for more than 30% of the vegetable yield and are one of the main agricultural wastes in China. The output of tail vegetables in China is large, but the overall utilization rate is relatively low, less than 50%, resulting in serious agricultural non-point source pollution. Tail vegetables have a high water content and are easy to rot. If directly stacked, landfilled or burned without treatment, it will not only cause waste of resources, but also produce malodorous gases and rotten waste water, pollute the soil and water environment, breed mosquitoes and spread diseases, endangering the health of humans and livestock. In-situ returning of tail vegetables refers to the utilization method of directly returning vegetable residues to the field without treatment. Utilizing its low C / N and high nutrient content, under the decomposition of soil microorganisms, mineral nutrients that can be directly absorbed and utilized during plant growth are produced. In-situ returning not only treats tail vegetable waste but also utilizes its nutrient components, which is the most direct, common and low-cost way to treat tail vegetables. However, tail vegetable straws may carry a large number of pathogenic bacteria and eggs, and direct returning to the field may become a source of spreading pests and diseases; self-toxic substances are easily produced during the decomposition of tail vegetable straws, and the accumulation of self-toxic substances will lead to continuous cropping obstacles in the soil. Tail vegetable straws have a high water content, and direct returning to the field easily leads to incomplete decomposition, prolonging the treatment time and affecting subsequent planting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method for in-situ rapid decomposition and returning of tail vegetable straws in protected vegetable fields to solve problems such as pathogenic bacteria carrying and low decomposition rate during the existing in-situ returning of tail vegetables, realizing the disinfection of pathogenic bacteria, improving the decomposition rate of tail vegetables, and reducing the treatment cost and difficulty.

[0004] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a method for in-situ rapid decomposition and returning of tail vegetable straws in protected vegetable fields is provided, including the steps of tail vegetable collection and impurity removal, tail vegetable straw crushing, organic material compounding and spreading, soil tillage, and greenhouse environment regulation; wherein, during the organic material compounding and spreading process, the tail vegetable straws are mixed with organic fertilizer and evenly distributed in the plough layer soil body; the greenhouse environment regulation includes irrigating to 100% of the field water holding capacity and covering with plastic film.

[0005] In the method for in-situ rapid decomposition and returning of tail vegetable straws in protected vegetable fields of the present invention, the tail vegetable straws are compounded with organic fertilizer during the organic material compounding and spreading process, and at the same time, during the greenhouse environment regulation process, the water is irrigated to the maximum field water holding capacity and covered with plastic film, which can effectively improve the decomposition rate of tail vegetable straws while disinfecting soil pathogenic bacteria, and reduce the treatment cost and difficulty.

[0006] Further, let the organic carbon contents of the plough layer soil, tail vegetable straws, and organic fertilizer be C S 、CV , C M (g / kg), the total nitrogen contents are N S , N V , N M (g / kg), and the application masses are M S , M V , M M (t / mu); Among them, the soil bulk density is X g / cm 3 , and the tillage depth is D cm; The mass M S of the plough layer soil = 6.67 X·D (t / mu); M V , M M shall satisfy the following formula: .

[0007] By limiting C / N within a reasonable range value, a suitable soil microbial community structure is shaped, which is more conducive to improving the decomposition rate of tail vegetable straws and inhibiting soil pathogenic bacteria.

[0008] Furthermore, the organic carbon content of the tail vegetable straws is 150 - 250 g / kg, and the total nitrogen content is 15 - 25 g / kg; the organic carbon content of the organic fertilizer is 100 - 150 g / kg, and the total nitrogen content is 4 - 10 g / kg; the application mass of the tail vegetable straws is 2 - 4 t / mu; the application mass of the organic fertilizer is 0.4 - 0.6 t / mu.

[0009] Furthermore, the tail vegetable straws include one or more of the straws in facility vegetable fields such as tomato straws.

[0010] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer includes one or more of livestock manure organic fertilizers such as sheep manure and cow manure.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil tillage has a tillage depth of 15 - 25 cm, and after tillage, the materials are evenly distributed in the plough layer soil body. This can make the plough layer soil and the materials evenly mixed, which is more conducive to improving the decomposition rate of tail vegetable straws and inhibiting soil pathogenic bacteria.

[0012] Furthermore, the collection and impurity removal of the tail vegetables include pulling out the plants after the previous crop of vegetables is harvested during the summer fallow period, collecting the tail vegetables, and removing the impurities in the tail vegetables. This is conducive to collecting high-quality tail vegetables.

[0013] Furthermore, the crushing of the tail vegetable straws is to cut the tail vegetable straws into small segments of 3 - 5 cm with a crusher and stubble out. This is conducive to increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, promoting microbial activities, being conducive to improving the decomposition rate of tail vegetable straws, and inhibiting soil pathogenic bacteria.

[0014] Furthermore, the irrigation is to irrigate the soil to 100% of the field water holding capacity and maintain a 1 - 2 cm layer of surface water. It should be noted that the surface water layer refers to a shallow water layer formed on the soil surface to maintain soil moisture and prevent the soil surface from drying quickly.

[0015] Furthermore, the plastic film is a polyethylene film with a thickness of not less than 0.02 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the greenhouse environment regulation is to seal the greenhouse film and close the ventilation openings for 15 - 30 days. The temperature inside the greenhouse continuously rises, making the soil temperature at 0 - 10 cm reach a maximum of 50 - 70 °C and lasting for 5 - 7 days. By regulating the greenhouse environment under appropriate conditions, it is beneficial to the decomposition of tail vegetable straw and inhibits soil pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the decomposition rate of the tail vegetable straw is ≥90%, preferably ≥92%, and more preferably ≥95%.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention: A method for in - situ rapid decomposition and returning of tail vegetable straw in protected vegetable fields provided by the present invention mixes tail vegetable straw with organic fertilizer during the compounding and spreading process of organic materials. At the same time, during the greenhouse environment regulation process, the soil is irrigated to the maximum field water holding capacity and covered with plastic film, which can effectively improve the decomposition rate of tail vegetable straw, inhibit soil pathogenic bacteria, and reduce the treatment cost and difficulty. The decomposition degree of tomato straw by the method of the present invention can reach 95.47%, which is much higher than that of directly returning straw to the field. Taking Fusarium oxysporum, the most common pathogenic bacterium in protected tomato fields, as an example, the method of the present invention can kill 99.53% of Fusarium oxysporum in the soil. Specific embodiments

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 This example provides a method for in - situ rapid decomposition and returning of tail vegetable straw in protected vegetable fields. This example is carried out in a solar greenhouse for growing tomatoes in Beijing and includes the following steps: 1. Tail vegetable collection and impurity removal: After the previous crop of tomatoes is harvested during the summer fallow period, remove items such as plastic film, hanging ropes, and drip irrigation tapes in the field, and pull out the tomato plants.

[0020] 2. Tail vegetable straw crushing: Cut the tomato straw into sections of 3 - 5 cm with a crusher and stubble - plow.

[0021] 3. Organic material compounding and spreading: Mix tomato straw (organic carbon 203.51 g / kg, total nitrogen 20.13 g / kg) with sheep manure organic fertilizer (organic carbon 111.81 g / kg, total nitrogen 6.75 g / kg), and evenly distribute them in the plough layer of the soil. The tomato straw is returned to the field in full amount at 3 t / mu, and the application rate of sheep manure organic fertilizer is 0.5 t / mu.

[0022] 4. Soil tillage: Tillage makes the soil and materials evenly mixed, and the tillage depth reaches 20 cm. After tillage, the materials are evenly distributed in the plough layer of the soil.

[0023] 5. Greenhouse environment regulation: Irrigate to 100% field water holding capacity and maintain a 1 - 2 cm clear water layer on the soil surface. Cover the soil surface with 0.02 mm polyethylene film, seal the greenhouse film and close the ventilation openings, and keep the greenhouse airtight for 25 days. After the greenhouse airtight period ends, measure and calculate the straw decomposition degree using the method of NY / T 2722. The straw decomposition rate is calculated by the following formula: Straw decomposition rate (%) = (Initial straw mass returned to the field - Straw mass at the end of greenhouse airtight period) / Initial straw mass returned to the field × 100%.

[0024] Example 2 This example provides a method for rapid in - situ decomposition and returning of tailings and straw in protected vegetable fields. The difference from Example 1 lies in the tillage depth. The specific operation is as follows: Use a rotary tiller to deeply till to 40 cm, and the other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0025] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: during the compounding and spreading of organic materials, there is only tomato straw. The specific operation is as follows: Tomato straw (organic carbon 203.51 g / kg, total nitrogen 20.13 g / kg) is returned to the field in full amount at 3 t / mu. The other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0026] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: during the compounding and spreading of organic materials, it is tomato straw and wheat straw. The specific operation is as follows: Mix tomato straw (organic carbon 203.51 g / kg, total nitrogen 20.13 g / kg) with wheat straw (organic carbon 382.78 g / kg, total nitrogen 6.29 g / kg), and evenly spread them on the soil surface. The tomato straw is returned to the field in full amount at 3 t / mu, and the application rate of wheat straw is 0.75 t / mu. The other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that during the compounding and spreading of organic materials, the materials are tomato straw, wheat straw and calcium cyanamide. The specific method is as follows: Mix tomato straw (organic carbon 203.51 g / kg, total nitrogen 20.13 g / kg), wheat straw (organic carbon 382.78 g / kg, total nitrogen 6.29 g / kg) and calcium cyanamide, and evenly spread them on the soil surface. The tomato straw is returned to the field in full amount at 3 t / mu, the wheat straw dosage is 0.75 t / mu, and the calcium cyanamide dosage is 0.06 t / mu. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in that during the compounding and spreading of organic materials, the materials are tomato straw, wheat straw and straw decomposer. The specific method is as follows: Mix tomato straw (organic carbon 203.51 g / kg, total nitrogen 20.13 g / kg), wheat straw (organic carbon 382.78 g / kg, total nitrogen 6.29 g / kg) and straw decomposer (purchased from Zhengzhou Haowangnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and evenly spread them on the soil surface. The tomato straw is returned to the field in full amount at 3 t / mu, the wheat straw dosage is 0.75 t / mu, and the straw decomposer dosage is 0.5 t / mu. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 lies in the irrigation amount. The specific method is as follows: Irrigate the soil to 70% of the field water holding capacity, and other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0030] The number of Fusarium oxysporum in the soil and the decomposition rate of tomato straw after the treatments of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1 Effects of material application and agronomic measures on the number of Fusarium oxysporum in the soil and the decomposition rate of tomato straw

[0032] Note: The original number of Fusarium oxysporum in the soil was 7.35 lg copies / g.

[0033] As can be seen from Table 1, the killing rates of Fusarium oxysporum in the examples of the present invention are all higher than those in the comparative examples (except for the calcium cyanamide treatment). Under the same agronomic measures, the sterilization effect of returning tail vegetable straw with tomato straw + sheep manure organic fertilizer is improved by 0.13%-6.14% compared with the materials of only tomato straw, tomato straw + wheat straw, and tomato straw + wheat straw + straw decomposer. The sterilization effect of calcium cyanamide makes the killing rate of Fusarium oxysporum in the returned field with tomato straw + wheat straw + calcium cyanamide higher. Under the same material application and dosage, the sterilization effect of returning tail vegetable straw with an irrigation amount of 100% WHC is improved by 0.60% compared with an irrigation amount of 70% WHC. It shows that the material application and agronomic measures provided by the present invention are most conducive to the disinfection of pathogenic bacteria.

[0034] As can be seen from Table 1, the decomposition degree of tomato straw in Example 1 is higher than that in the comparative example. Under the same agronomic measures, the decomposition degree of tail vegetable straw with the material of tomato straw + sheep manure organic fertilizer is increased by 11.57%, 11.34%, 22.93% and 9.80% respectively compared with the tail vegetable straw with the materials of only tomato straw, tomato straw + wheat straw, tomato straw + wheat straw + calcium cyanamide, and tomato straw + wheat straw + straw decomposer. It shows that the microorganisms in the materials directly affect the decomposition degree of tail vegetable straw. Among them, the microbial population and quantity in sheep manure organic fertilizer are higher than those in the combination of straw decomposer, so it is more beneficial to the decomposition of tail vegetable straw. Adding wheat straw has no significant effect on straw decomposition. Calcium cyanamide will release heat after soil irrigation, and calcium cyanamide has a bactericidal effect, so it will instead inhibit the decomposition of tail vegetable straw. Under the same material application and dosage, the decomposition degree of tail vegetable straw with 100% WHC irrigation amount is increased by 16.71% compared with 70% WHC. It shows that the material application and agronomic measures provided by the present invention are most conducive to promoting the decomposition of tail vegetable straw.

[0035] From the above examples and comparative examples, it can be concluded that the method of the present invention can effectively improve the decomposition rate of tail vegetable straw while disinfecting soil pathogens, and reduce the treatment cost and difficulty.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various examples of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in situ in a facility vegetable field, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of collecting and removing waste vegetables, crushing waste vegetable stalks, compounding and spreading organic materials, tilling the soil, and regulating the greenhouse environment; wherein, during the compounding and spreading of organic materials, the waste vegetable stalks are mixed with organic fertilizer and then evenly distributed in the tillage layer soil; the greenhouse environment regulation comprises irrigating to 100% of the field water holding capacity and covering with ground film.

2. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning the waste straw of the vegetable field to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic carbon contents of plough layer soil, vegetable straw and organic fertilizer are C S , C V , C M , organic carbon content is g / kg, total nitrogen content is N S 、N V 、N M The unit of total nitrogen content is g / kg, and the applied mass is M S 、M V 、M M , the unit of applied mass is t / mu; Where, soil bulk density is X g / cm 3 , tillage depth is D cm; Soil quality of topsoil layer M S =6.67 X·D ; M V 、M M The following formula must be satisfied: 。 3. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a facility vegetable field according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The organic carbon content of the vegetable straw is 150-250g / kg, and the total nitrogen content is 15-25g / kg; the organic carbon content of the organic fertilizer is 100-150g / kg, and the total nitrogen content is 4-10g / kg; the application mass of the vegetable straw is 2-4t / mu; and the application mass of the organic fertilizer is 0.4-0.6t / mu.

4. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a facility vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail vegetable straw includes one or more types of straw from facility vegetable fields; And / or, the organic fertilizer includes one or more of livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizers.

5. The method for in-situ rapid decomposition and returning of vegetable straw to the field in a facility vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil plowing depth is 15-25 cm, and after plowing, the materials are evenly distributed in the tillage layer soil.

6. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a greenhouse vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection and removal of waste vegetables includes pulling out the plants after the previous crop of vegetables is harvested during the summer fallow period, collecting the waste vegetables, and removing impurities from the waste vegetables; And / or, the crushing of the tail vegetable straw is to cut the tail vegetable straw into small segments of 3-5 cm using a crusher and then kill the stubble.

7. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a facility vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation is to irrigate the soil to 100% of the field water holding capacity and maintain a 1-2 cm open water layer.

8. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a facility vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground film is a polyethylene film with a thickness of not less than 0.02 mm.

9. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a greenhouse vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The said greenhouse environment control also includes sealing the greenhouse film and closing the vents for 15-30 days, and the temperature in the greenhouse continues to rise, so that the 0-10cm soil temperature reaches a maximum of 50-70°C and lasts for 5-7 days.

10. The method for rapidly decomposing and returning vegetable straw to the field in a greenhouse vegetable field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposition rate of the vegetable straw is ≥90%.

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