Application of vanillin, salicylaldehyde and salicylaldehyde geranyl ester in luring natural enemies of pests

Abstract

The invention discloses application of aromatic folic acid, salicylaldehyde and salicylaldehyde geranyl ester in luring natural enemies of pests (hoverflies, ladybirds and chrysopa septempunctata). The aromatic folic acid, the salicylaldehyde and the salicylaldehyde geranyl ester are used as active ingredients of the attractant for hoverflies, ladybirds and chrysopa septempunctata and have the characteristics of trace amount, high efficiency, low cost, environment friendliness and the like. The problems of resistance and non-target biotoxicity in current pest control are relieved, and the method has important significance on green control of pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to the application of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate in attracting natural enemies of pests (hoverflies, ladybugs, and lacewings). Background Art

[0002] Using the predatory natural enemies of pests for biological control is of great significance, which can significantly reduce the population of pests to achieve the purpose of ensuring production and harvest.

[0003] Hoverflies belong to the family Syrphidae of the order Diptera in the class Insecta, and are widely distributed throughout the world. The larvae of hoverflies are important predatory natural enemy insects of agricultural pests, with a wide range of prey. In addition to preying on various aphids such as cotton aphids, cotton potato aphids, bean aphids, tobacco aphids, wheat potato aphids, peach aphids, and cabbage aphids, they also prey on leafhoppers, thrips, etc. The adults of hoverflies have the habit of visiting flowers, and are the second largest group of pollinating insects after bees. They have the ability of long-distance migration and are an important group of pollinating insects.

[0004] Ladybugs belong to the family Coccinellidae of the order Coleoptera in the class Insecta, and have a strong predatory ability against important pests such as aphids, spider mites, and scale insects. As an important biological control natural enemy, they are widely used in agricultural production throughout the world and play a very important role in controlling the population of piercing-sucking mouthpart pests.

[0005] Chrysopa pallens belongs to the family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera in the class Insecta, and is a predatory insect widely distributed in China. Since Chrysopa pallens can effectively and abundantly prey on a variety of important agricultural pests, it is a natural enemy insect with great application value in pest biological control.

[0006] In addition to artificial propagation and release, developing attractants to trap these natural enemies is also a very important utilization method. When the natural enemies of pests are interfered by other factors, it will lead to an insufficient number of natural enemies on the target crops, making it difficult to achieve the ideal biological control effect. Therefore, developing attractants for natural enemies of pests to increase the abundance of natural enemies on the target crops is of great significance for the green prevention and control of pests. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide the application of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate in attracting natural enemies of pests.

[0008] In the above application, the pests include at least one of aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, leafhoppers, and thrips;

[0009] The natural enemies of pests include hoverflies, ladybugs, and lacewings;

[0010] The geranyl salicylate has the following structural formula:

[0011]

[0012] The salicylaldehyde geranyl ester is prepared by an esterification reaction using geranic acid and salicylaldehyde as raw materials.

[0013] The effective ingredient dosage ranges of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and salicylaldehyde geranyl ester used in attracting natural enemies of pests are 5 μg - 300 μg, and the preferred range is 20 μg - 200 μg.

[0014] Geranic acid is used to attract Syrphidae flies, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg, specifically it can be 50 μg - 200 μg, and more specifically it can be 100 μg;

[0015] Geranic acid is used to attract ladybugs, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 50 μg - 200 μg, and more specifically it can be 200 μg;

[0016] Geranic acid is used to attract Chrysopa pallens, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 50 μg - 200 μg, specifically it can be 200 μg;

[0017] Salicylaldehyde is used to attract Syrphidae flies, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 100 μg, and more specifically it can be 25 μg;

[0018] Salicylaldehyde is used to attract ladybugs, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 5 μg - 200 μg, specifically it can be 25 μg or 200 μg;

[0019] Salicylaldehyde is used to attract Chrysopa pallens, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 50 μg - 100 μg, specifically it can be 50 μg or 100 μg;

[0020] Salicylaldehyde geranyl ester is used to attract Syrphidae flies, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg, specifically it can be 25 μg, 100 μg - 200 μg, and more specifically it can be 200 μg;

[0021] Salicylaldehyde geranyl ester is used to attract ladybugs, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg, specifically it can be 25 μg - 50 μg or 200 μg, and more specifically it can be 200 μg;

[0022] Salicylaldehyde geranyl ester is used to attract Chrysopa pallens, and the effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg, specifically it can be 200 μg.

[0023] Geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and salicylaldehyde geranyl ester can be directly used as attractants for natural enemies of pests such as Syrphidae flies, ladybugs, and green lacewings;

[0024] They can also be used as effective ingredients to be formulated with appropriate excipients;

[0025] The said formulations include emulsifiable concentrates, lure cores, lure filaments, microcapsules, microemulsions, and granules.

[0026] Further, the adjuvant includes a carrier and an auxiliary agent;

[0027] The carrier is a liquid carrier or a solid carrier. The liquid carrier is deionized water, distilled water or tap water, or an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n - hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, petroleum ether, or a mixed solvent composed of the above - mentioned water and organic solvents;

[0028] The solid carrier is one or more of diatomite, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silica white and attapulgite, or one or two of polyethylene and polypropylene plastics, or one or two of filter paper and filter membrane.

[0029] The auxiliary agent is one or more of a thickener, an antifoaming agent, an emulsifier, a dispersant, a wetting agent, an oxidant, an antifreeze, a disintegrant, and a filler.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to provide a pest natural enemy attracting device and a preparation method thereof.

[0031] The pest natural enemy attracting device includes a medicament - containing carrier and a trapping device, wherein the medicament - containing carrier is placed in the trapping device,

[0032] The medicament - containing carrier is prepared by dissolving a pest natural enemy attractant in a solvent and then loading it onto the carrier;

[0033] Among them, the pest natural enemy attractant is at least one of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde and geranyl salicylate;

[0034] The solvent is at least one of water, ethyl acetate, n - hexane, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone, methanol and ethanol;

[0035] The carrier is one or more of filter paper, rubber lure core, and PVC slow - release pipe.

[0036] The preparation method of the pest natural enemy attracting device provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Dissolve the pest natural enemy attractant in the solvent;

[0038] (2) Drop the solution containing the pest natural enemy attractant into the carrier to obtain a medicament - containing carrier, that is, a lure core;

[0039] (3) After the solvent volatilizes, place the medicament - containing carrier in the trapping device to obtain the product.

[0040] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] Geranic acid and salicylaldehyde are natural source compounds. Geranyl salicylate is a derivative of geranic acid and salicylaldehyde, and its synthetic raw materials are all from natural products, which are green, safe, trace-effective and low-cost. By attracting natural enemies of pests such as aphid flies, ladybugs and green lacewings to control pests, the efficiency of pest control by insects can be improved, which is of great significance for the green prevention and control of pests and the safe production of agriculture. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific implementation manners. The examples given are only for clarifying the present invention, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention. The following examples can be used as a guide for those of ordinary skill in the art to make further improvements, and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0043] The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0044] The geranyl salicylate used in the following examples was prepared by referring to the method described in the examples of Chinese Patent ZL202111273217.6. The specific operations are as follows:

[0045] Synthesis steps of geranyl salicylate: Take a 100 ml single-necked flask, add 1.01 g (6 mmol) of geranic acid and 25 mL of dichloromethane, and then add 1.49 g (7.2 mmol) of DCC and 0.07 g (0.6 mmol) of DMAP to the single-necked flask. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 0.5 h, and then add a 15 mL dichloromethane solution containing 0.73 g (6 mmol) of salicylaldehyde dropwise to the above reaction solution. React at room temperature for 8 h. After filtration, wash the filtrate with saturated sodium chloride aqueous solution, dry, remove the solvent under reduced pressure, and separate by silica gel column chromatography (the eluent is petroleum ether: ethyl acetate V:V = 200:1) to obtain geranyl salicylate with a yield of 60.1%.

[0046] Example 1. Preparation of pest natural enemy attractants with different dosages

[0047] Take 5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, 200 μg of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate respectively and dissolve them in 1 mL of tap water, and mix evenly. Take the above solutions and evenly drop them onto medium-speed filter paper / rubber lure core / lure wire to obtain filter paper loaded with the compound or rubber lure core loaded with the compound or rubber lure wire loaded with the compound.

[0048] Example 2. Preparation of pest natural enemy attractants with different dosages

[0049] Take 5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, and 200 μg of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate respectively, dissolve them in 1 mL of n-hexane, and mix well. Take the above solutions respectively and evenly drop them onto medium-speed filter paper / rubber lure core / lure filament to obtain filter paper loaded with the compound, or rubber lure core loaded with the compound, or rubber lure filament loaded with the compound.

[0050] Example 3: Preparation of pest natural enemy attractants with different dosages

[0051] Take 5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, and 200 μg of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate respectively, dissolve them in 1 mL of ethyl acetate, and mix well. Take the above solutions respectively and evenly drop them onto medium-speed filter paper / rubber lure core / lure filament to obtain filter paper loaded with the compound, or rubber lure core loaded with the compound, or rubber lure filament loaded with the compound.

[0052] Example 4: Preparation of pest natural enemy attractants with different dosages

[0053] Take 5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, and 200 μg of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate respectively, dissolve them in 1 mL of tap water / acetone (1:1) solution, and mix well. Take the above solutions respectively and evenly drop them onto medium-speed filter paper / rubber lure core / lure filament to obtain filter paper loaded with the compound, or rubber lure core loaded with the compound, or rubber lure filament loaded with the compound.

[0054] Example 5: Preparation of pest natural enemy attractants with different dosages

[0055] Take 5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, and 200 μg of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate respectively, dissolve them in 1 mL of n-hexane / ethanol (1:1) solution, and mix well. Take the above solutions respectively and evenly drop them onto medium-speed filter paper / rubber lure core / lure filament to obtain filter paper loaded with the compound, or rubber lure core loaded with the compound, or rubber lure filament loaded with the compound.

[0056] Example 6: Preparation of pest natural enemy attractants with different dosages

[0057] Take 5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, and 200 μg of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde, and geranyl salicylate respectively, dissolve them in 1 mL of n-hexane / ethyl acetate (1:1) solution, and mix well. Take the above solutions respectively and evenly drop them onto medium-speed filter paper / rubber lure core / lure filament to obtain filter paper loaded with the compound, or rubber lure core loaded with the compound, or rubber lure filament loaded with the compound.

[0058] Example 7: Field attraction experiment of attractants with different dosages on pest natural enemies

[0059] The experimental site is located in the peach orchard in Feicheng, Shandong Province. Peach trees with consistent growth were selected as the test area. Clean water was used as the blank control, and 3 replicates were set for each treatment, totaling 39 replicates, which were randomly arranged. Each replicate was separated by at least 10m as an isolation belt. Each replicate was set up as a rectangle surrounded by 2 trees. Before the experiment, a white ground-inserted sign (120cm high, 23cm long and 19cm wide) was fixed in the center of each replicate. The drugged filter paper / lure core / lure silk was fixed in the center of the white sticky insect board, and finally the sticky insect board was fixed to the center of the ground-inserted sign.

[0060] 14 days after treatment, investigate and record the types and numbers of natural enemies of pests on each treated sticky insect board, and calculate the attraction rate. The formula is as follows:

[0061] Attraction rate (%) = (number of treated insects - number of control insects) / (number of treated insects + number of control insects) × 100%

[0062] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1 The attractant effect of different dosages on natural enemies of pests (14 days)

[0064]

[0065] It can be seen from the data in the table that, within the dosage range of 5-200 μg, geranic acid has the best attracting effect on hoverflies at a dosage of 100 μg, and has the best attracting activity on ladybugs and large lacewings at 200 μg; salicylaldehyde has the best attracting effect on hoverflies and ladybugs at a dosage of 25 μg, and has good attracting activity on large lacewings at dosages of 50 μg and 100 μg; salicylaldehyde geranyl has a good attracting effect on hoverflies, ladybugs and large lacewings at a dosage of 200 μg. Compared with geranic acid and salicylaldehyde, salicylaldehyde geranyl can achieve a better attracting effect on three natural enemies at one dosage.

[0066] From the above results, it can be seen that geranic acid, salicylaldehyde and salicylaldehyde geranyl ester have different degrees of attractant activity to three natural enemies of pests, aphid flies, ladybugs and lacewings, within the dosage range of 5-200 μg, which is beneficial to control insects with insects. This is of great significance for improving the green prevention and control effect of pests such as aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, leafhoppers, thrips, etc., as well as the pollination rate and fruiting rate of crops.

[0067] The present invention has been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without the need for unnecessary experiments, the present invention can be implemented within a relatively wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions. Although specific embodiments of the present invention are given, it should be understood that the present invention can be further improved. In short, according to the principle of the present invention, this application intends to cover any modifications, uses, or improvements to the present invention, including those that depart from the scope disclosed in this application and are made with conventional techniques known in the art.

Claims

1. Application of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde and geranyl salicylate in attracting natural enemies of pests, wherein the pests include at least one of aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, leafhoppers and thrips; The natural enemies of the pests include syrphid flies, ladybugs and lacewings.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, the effective ingredient dosage range of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde and geranyl salicylate used in attracting natural enemies of pests is 5 μg - 300 μg.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that, the effective ingredient dosage range of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde and geranyl salicylate used in attracting natural enemies of pests is 20 μg - 200 μg.

4. The application according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, geranic acid is used to attract syrphid flies, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg; geranic acid is used to attract ladybugs, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 50 μg - 200 μg; geranic acid is used to attract Chrysopa pallens, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 50 μg - 200 μg.

5. The application according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, salicylaldehyde is used to attract syrphid flies, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 100 μg; salicylaldehyde is used to attract ladybugs, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 5 μg - 200 μg; salicylaldehyde is used to attract Chrysopa pallens, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 50 μg - 100 μg.

6. The application according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, geranyl salicylate is used to attract syrphid flies, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg; geranyl salicylate is used to attract ladybugs, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg; geranyl salicylate is used to attract Chrysopa pallens, and its effective ingredient dosage range is 25 μg - 200 μg.

7. A device for attracting natural enemies of pests, comprising a medicament-containing carrier and a trapping device, wherein the medicament-containing carrier is placed in the trapping device, the medicament-containing carrier is prepared by dissolving a natural enemy attractant of pests in a solvent and then loading it onto the carrier; wherein, the natural enemy attractant of pests is at least one of geranic acid, salicylaldehyde and geranyl salicylate; the solvent is at least one of water, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone, methanol and ethanol; the carrier is one or more of filter paper, rubber lure cores and PVC slow-release pipes.

8. A method for preparing the device for attracting natural enemies of pests according to claim 7, comprising the following steps: (1) Dissolve the natural enemy attractant of pests in a solvent; (2) Drop the solution containing the natural enemy attractant of pests into the carrier to obtain a medicament-containing carrier, i.e., a lure core; (3) Place the medicament-containing carrier in the trapping device after the solvent has evaporated to obtain the product.

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