Premix for breeding parent shrimps of litopenaeus vannamei and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a premix for breeding parent shrimps of litopenaeus vannamei and a preparation method of the premix, and belongs to the technical field of fish feed. According to the invention, the reproductive performance of parent shrimps and the safety of shrimp seeds are improved through synergistic matching of functional components and a directional slow-release technology. The premix comprises key components such as omega-3 fatty acid, astaxanthin, methyl farnesyl ester, vitamin E, zinc methionine, selenium methionine and the like, astaxanthin, methyl farnesyl ester and omega-3 fatty acid are subjected to sodium alginate-chitosan microencapsulation treatment to achieve slow release, and zinc methionine and selenium are loaded through montmorillonite to reduce the risk of heavy metal residues. And lecithin, beta-glucan, taurine and other functional auxiliary materials are added to synergistically enhance immunity and anti-stress ability. The premix and the main feed are mixed according to the proportion of 5-8%, and industrial feeding requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and relates to a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the species with the highest economic value in the global aquaculture industry. Its annual output accounts for more than 80% of the total global shrimp aquaculture production, and it has become an important industry in major production areas such as China, Southeast Asia, and South America. With the popularization of high-density aquaculture, the quality of seedlings has become a key bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the industry, and the gonadal development level, spawning quality, and larval stress resistance of broodstock directly determine the production efficiency of seedlings.

[0003] In the prior art, the formulation design of broodstock premixes generally has a tendency of "emphasizing growth and neglecting reproduction". For example, Patent CN118303554A discloses an environment-friendly compound feed for Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock, which includes mixed raw materials, a mixed vitamin premix %, and a mixed mineral premix, and does not dynamically adjust the nutrient supply according to the gonadal development stage of broodstock. Patent CN116569996A discloses a feed additive for the second spawning of Cherax quadricarinatus and its preparation method and application, which adds 24.5 - 25.5% methyl farnesoate. Methyl farnesoate is an important endocrine regulatory factor that promotes the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock.

[0004] However, the prior art still has systematic defects: First, the core reproductive nutrients are single, and a sustained-release system matching the gonadal development cycle has not been established, resulting in the premature release of active ingredients in the intestine, which not only fails to achieve continuous nutrient supply but also causes the methyl farnesoate residue to exceed the standard, which may affect the growth of shrimp larvae; and the direct addition of inorganic trace elements leads to the excessive concentration of zinc ions in the water body, inhibiting the gill respiration function of larvae. These defects have led to a bottleneck in improving the reproductive performance of broodstock, severely restricting seedling production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock and a preparation method thereof. By combining nutritional components and reproductive nutrients and performing sustained-release treatment, while improving the utilization rate, it reduces the impact of water quality pollution on shrimp larvae.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock, comprising the following raw materials:

[0008] 400 - 450 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 10 - 15 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 8 - 12 parts by weight of methyl farnesoate, 25 - 40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 5 - 20 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 0.5 - 1.0 parts by weight of selenium methionine, 80 - 120 parts by weight of lecithin, 25 - 40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 30 - 50 parts by weight of cholesterol, 30 - 50 parts by weight of β-glucan, 40 - 60 parts by weight of arginine, 10 - 20 parts by weight of bile acid, 15 - 25 parts by weight of taurine, 20 - 30 parts by weight of curcumin, 20 - 30 parts by weight of betaine, 0.4 - 0.8 parts by weight of zinc bacitracin premix, 5 - 8 parts by weight of vitamin B6, 2 - 4 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fatty acids are treated by sodium alginate-chitosan microencapsulation, including the following steps:

[0010] A1. Mix astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fats, add phospholipids, heat to 50 - 60 °C, stir and dissolve to form a homogeneous oil phase;

[0011] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water with a concentration of 1 - 2%, stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0012] A3. Drop the oil phase into the aqueous phase, first pre-emulsify with high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then subject to high-pressure homogenization (50 - 100 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion;

[0013] A4. Spray the nanoemulsion through a nozzle with a pore size of 0.5 - 1 mm into a 2 - 3% CaCl 2 solution to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0014] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first layer of chitosan film;

[0015] A6. Repeat the impregnation of the sodium alginate solution and the chitosan solution 3 - 5 times to construct a multi-layer film structure and enhance the sustained-release performance;

[0016] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry, and pass through a 200 - 400 mesh sieve to control the particle size within 40 - 100 μm.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the addition amount of the phospholipids in step A1 is 5 - 10 wt% of the oil phase.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the mass ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase in step A3 is 1:3 - 5.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation of the chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is to dissolve chitosan in a 1% glacial acetic acid solution to form a solution with a concentration of 0.5-1%, and adjust the pH to 5.0-5.5; the concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step A6 is 0.4-0.6%.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded on montmorillonite, including the following steps:

[0021] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine it at 400 °C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance the porosity, and disperse it in 15-25 times the mass of deionized water and ultrasonically treat it for 20-40 min to form a montmorillonite suspension;

[0022] B2. Mix and drop the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution into the montmorillonite suspension, stir at 50-70 °C for 3-5 h to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then ultrasonically treat it for 15-25 min;

[0023] B3. Obtain montmorillonite@zinc methionine and selenium methionine after washing and drying.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the montmorillonite in step B1 is food-grade and has a particle size of 100-200 nm.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the zinc methionine solution in step B2 is prepared as follows: dissolve zinc methionine in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (calculated by zinc content), and adjust the pH to 6.0-7.0; the selenium methionine solution is prepared as follows: dissolve selenium methionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (calculated by selenium content), and adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution in step B2 is 1:5.

[0027] Furthermore, the preparation method of the premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: uniformly mix the lecithin, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, zinc bacitracin premix, vitamin B6, folic acid with the microcapsules and the montmorillonite-loaded particles.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the granulation method adopted in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: The premix and the main feed are proportionally put into a mixer, mixed at 20 - 25 °C, and then the mixed material is transferred into a fluidized bed. Set the inlet air temperature: 30 - 40 °C. After starting the air flow to make the material form a fluidized state, spray a 3 - 8% gum arabic solution at a rate of 2 - 5 mL / min to make particles.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock and the main feed are mixed and used in a mass ratio of 5 - 8:100.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] (1) In this solution, by precisely screening and proportioning the key reproductive nutrients, among which ω - 3 fatty acids provide the essential phospholipids for the synthesis of gonadal cell membranes, and cooperate with lecithin to enhance the yolk nutrient density; astaxanthin, vitamin E, and methionine selenium cooperate in antioxidant; methyl farnesoate, as a precursor of crustacean gonadal maturation hormone, jointly regulates steroid hormone synthesis with cholesterol and methionine zinc, shortening the gonadal maturation cycle. In addition, the immunity of the broodstock is improved through β - glucan and arginine, enhancing the mating rate. Each component synergistically improves the reproductive performance through dose synergy and metabolic pathway complementarity.

[0032] (2) The present invention solves the pain points of rapid dissolution, inactivation in water, and high residue of traditional premix components through sodium alginate - chitosan microencapsulation and montmorillonite loading technology. The fat - soluble components astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω - 3 fatty acids are embedded in a multi - layer membrane structure, which improves the bioavailability of methyl farnesoate and reduces the residue. Methionine zinc and selenium are adsorbed by montmorillonite and slowly released in the intestine, ultimately achieving the synergistic benefits of increased spawning amount, improved larval survival rate, and reduced malformation rate. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following examples are used to describe in detail the specific implementation manners, structures, features, and their effects of the present invention.

[0034] In the following examples and comparative examples, the main feed was purchased from Wudi Xingchang Aquatic Science and Technology Co., Ltd., with a specification of 42% protein and 0.3 mm.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock contains the following raw materials:

[0037] 425 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 12 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 10 parts by weight of methyl farnesoate, 35 parts by weight of vitamin E, 12 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 0.7 parts by weight of selenium methionine, 100 parts by weight of lecithin, 30 parts by weight of vitamin E, 40 parts by weight of cholesterol, 40 parts by weight of β-glucan, 50 parts by weight of arginine, 15 parts by weight of bile acid, 20 parts by weight of taurine, 25 parts by weight of curcumin, 25 parts by weight of betaine, 0.6 parts by weight of zinc bacitracin premix, 7 parts by weight of vitamin B6, 3 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0038] The astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fatty acids are microencapsulated with sodium alginate-chitosan, including the following steps:

[0039] A1. Mix astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fats, add phospholipids, heat to 55 °C, and stir to dissolve to form a homogeneous oil phase;

[0040] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water at a concentration of 1.5%, and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0041] A3. Drop the oil phase into the aqueous phase, first pre-emulsify at high-speed shear (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenize under high pressure (80 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion;

[0042] A4. Spray the nanoemulsion through a nozzle with a pore size of 0.8 mm into a 2.5% CaCl 2 solution for crosslinking to form gel microspheres;

[0043] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first layer of chitosan film;

[0044] A6. Repeat the immersion in sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution 4 times to enhance the sustained-release performance;

[0045] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry, and pass through a 300-mesh sieve to control the particle size to be less than 50 μm.

[0046] The addition amount of the phospholipids in step A1 is 8 wt% of the oil phase.

[0047] The mass ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase in step A3 is 1:4.

[0048] The preparation of the chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is to dissolve chitosan in a 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a 0.8% solution, and adjust the pH to 5.2; the concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step A6 is 0.5%.

[0049] The zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded on montmorillonite, including the following steps:

[0050] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine it at 400 °C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance the porosity. Disperse it in deionized water with a mass 20 times that of the montmorillonite powder and ultrasonically treat it for 30 min to form a montmorillonite suspension;

[0051] B2. Mix and drop the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution into the montmorillonite suspension, stir at 60 °C for 4 h to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then ultrasonically treat it for 20 min;

[0052] B3. Obtain montmorillonite@zinc methionine and selenium methionine after washing and drying.

[0053] The montmorillonite described in step B1 is food-grade with a particle size of 100 - 200 nm.

[0054] The preparation of the zinc methionine solution described in step B2 is as follows:

[0055] Dissolve zinc methionine in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (calculated by zinc content), and adjust the pH to 6.5; the preparation of the selenium methionine solution is as follows: dissolve selenium methionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (calculated by selenium content), and adjust the pH to 6.0.

[0056] The mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, the zinc methionine solution, and the selenium methionine solution mixture described in step B2 is 1:5.

[0057] The preparation method of the premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: uniformly mix the lecithin, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, zinc bacitracin premix, vitamin B6, folic acid with the microcapsules and the montmorillonite-loaded particles.

[0058] The granulation method adopted in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: put the premix and the main feed into a mixer in proportion, mix them at 22 °C, then transfer the mixed material into a fluidized bed, set the inlet air temperature: 35 °C, and spray a 5% gum arabic solution at a rate of 3 mL / min through starting the air flow to form 2-mm particles.

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed in a mass ratio of 6:100.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock contains the following raw materials:

[0062] 400 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 10 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 8 parts by weight of methyl farnesoate, 25 parts by weight of vitamin E, 5 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 0.5 parts by weight of selenium methionine, 80 parts by weight of lecithin, 25 parts by weight of vitamin E, 30 parts by weight of cholesterol, 30 parts by weight of β-glucan, 40 parts by weight of arginine, 10 parts by weight of bile acid, 15 parts by weight of taurine, 20 parts by weight of curcumin, 20 parts by weight of betaine, 0.4 parts by weight of zinc bacitracin premix, 5 parts by weight of vitamin B6, 2 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0063] The astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fatty acids are encapsulated by sodium alginate-chitosan microcapsules, including the following steps:

[0064] A1. Mix the astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fats, add phospholipids, heat to 50 °C, and stir to dissolve to form a homogeneous oil phase;

[0065] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water at a concentration of 1%, and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0066] A3. Drop the oil phase into the aqueous phase, first pre-emulsify with high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenize under high pressure (50 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion;

[0067] A4. Spray the nanoemulsion through a nozzle with a pore size of 0.5 mm into a 2% CaCl 2 solution to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0068] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first layer of chitosan film;

[0069] A6. Repeat the impregnation of the sodium alginate solution and the chitosan solution 3 times to enhance the sustained-release performance;

[0070] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry, and pass through a 200-mesh sieve to control the particle size to be less than 100 μm.

[0071] The addition amount of the phospholipids in step A1 is 5 wt% of the oil phase.

[0072] The mass ratio of the oil phase to the water phase in step A3 is 1:3.

[0073] The preparation of the chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is to dissolve chitosan in a 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a 0.5% solution, and adjust the pH to 5.0; the concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step A6 is 0.4%.

[0074] The zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded on montmorillonite, including the following steps:

[0075] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine it at 400 °C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance the porosity. Disperse it in deionized water with a mass 15 times that of the montmorillonite powder and ultrasonically treat it for 20 min to form a montmorillonite suspension.

[0076] B2. Mix and drop the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution into the montmorillonite suspension, stir at 50 °C for 3 h to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then ultrasonically treat it for 15 min.

[0077] B3. Obtain montmorillonite@zinc methionine and selenium methionine after washing and drying.

[0078] The montmorillonite described in step B1 is food-grade with a particle size of 100 - 200 nm.

[0079] The zinc methionine solution described in step B2 is prepared as follows: Dissolve zinc methionine in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (calculated by zinc content) and adjust the pH to 6.0; The selenium methionine solution is prepared as follows: Dissolve selenium methionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (calculated by selenium content) and adjust the pH to 5.5.

[0080] The mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution mixture described in step B2 is 1:5.

[0081] The preparation method of the premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: Mix the lecithin, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, zinc bacitracin premix, vitamin B6, folic acid and the microcapsules, montmorillonite-loaded particles evenly.

[0082] The granulation method adopted in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: Put the premix and the main feed into a mixer in proportion, mix them at 22 °C, then transfer the mixed material into a fluidized bed, set the inlet air temperature: 35 °C, and spray a 5% gum arabic solution at a rate of 3 mL / min to form 2-mm particles after starting the air flow to make the material in a fluidized state.

[0083] The premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed in a mass ratio of 5:100 for use.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] A premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock contains the following raw materials:

[0086] 450 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 15 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 12 parts by weight of methyl farnesoate, 40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 20 parts by weight of zinc methionine, 1.0 part by weight of selenium methionine, 120 parts by weight of lecithin, 40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 50 parts by weight of cholesterol, 50 parts by weight of β-glucan, 60 parts by weight of arginine, 20 parts by weight of bile acid, 25 parts by weight of taurine, 30 parts by weight of curcumin, 30 parts by weight of betaine, 0.8 part by weight of zinc bacitracin premix, 8 parts by weight of vitamin B6, 4 parts by weight of folic acid.

[0087] The astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fatty acids are microencapsulated with sodium alginate-chitosan, including the following steps:

[0088] A1. Mix the astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fats, add phospholipids, heat to 60 °C, and stir to dissolve to form a homogeneous oil phase;

[0089] A2. Dissolve sodium alginate in deionized water at a concentration of 2%, and stir until transparent to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0090] A3. Drop the oil phase into the aqueous phase, first pre-emulsify with high-speed shearing (10,000 rpm, 5 min), and then homogenize under high pressure (100 MPa, 3 times) to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion;

[0091] A4. Spray the nanoemulsion through a nozzle with a pore size of 1 mm into a 3% CaCl 2 solution to crosslink and form gel microspheres;

[0092] A5. Immerse the gel microspheres in a chitosan solution to form a first layer of chitosan film;

[0093] A6. Repeat the immersion in the sodium alginate solution and the chitosan solution 5 times to enhance the sustained-release performance;

[0094] A7. Wash the microcapsules with deionized water, freeze-dry, and pass through a 400-mesh sieve to control the particle size to be less than 40 μm.

[0095] The addition amount of the phospholipids in step A1 is 10 wt% of the oil phase.

[0096] The mass ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous phase in step A3 is 1:5.

[0097] The preparation of the chitosan solution in steps A5 and A6 is to dissolve chitosan in a 1% glacial acetic acid solution to make a 1% solution, and adjust the pH to 5.5; the concentration of the sodium alginate solution in step A6 is 0.6%.

[0098] The zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded on montmorillonite, including the following steps:

[0099] B1. Place the montmorillonite powder in a muffle furnace and calcine it at 400 °C for 2 hours to remove organic impurities and enhance the porosity. Disperse it in deionized water with a mass 25 times that of the montmorillonite powder and ultrasonically treat it for 40 min to form a montmorillonite suspension.

[0100] B2. Mix and drop the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution into the montmorillonite suspension, stir at 70 °C for 5 h to promote ion exchange and surface adsorption, and then ultrasonically treat it for 25 min.

[0101] B3. Obtain montmorillonite@zinc methionine and selenium methionine after washing and drying.

[0102] The montmorillonite described in step B1 is food-grade and has a particle size of 100 - 200 nm.

[0103] The zinc methionine solution described in step B2 is prepared as follows: Dissolve zinc methionine in deionized water to prepare a 50 mg / mL solution (calculated by zinc content) and adjust the pH to 7.0; the selenium methionine solution is prepared as follows: Dissolve selenium methionine in deionized water to prepare a 5 mg / mL solution (calculated by selenium content) and adjust the pH to 6.5.

[0104] The mass ratio of the montmorillonite suspension, the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution mixture described in step B2 is 1:5.

[0105] The preparation method of the premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is as follows: Mix the lecithin, cholesterol, β-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, zinc bacitracin premix, vitamin B6, folic acid and the microcapsules, montmorillonite-loaded particles evenly to obtain the premix.

[0106] The granulation method adopted in the process of making the premix into feed is as follows: Put the premix and the main feed into a mixer according to the proportion, mix them at 22 °C, then transfer the mixed material into a fluidized bed, set the inlet air temperature: 35 °C, and spray a 5% gum arabic solution at a rate of 3 mL / min to form 2-mm particles after starting the air flow to make the material in a fluidized state.

[0107] The premix for the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock is mixed with the main feed in a mass ratio of 8:100 for use.

[0108] Comparative Example 1

[0109] On the basis of Example 1, do not microencapsulate astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, ω-3 fatty acids, mix all the raw materials to make a premix, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0110] Comparative Example 2

[0111] On the basis of Example 1, zinc methionine and selenium methionine are not loaded onto montmorillonite, and all raw materials are mixed to make a premix, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0112] Comparative Example 3

[0113] On the basis of Example 1, astaxanthin, methyl farnesoate, and ω-3 fatty acids are not microencapsulated, and zinc methionine and selenium methionine are not loaded onto montmorillonite. All raw materials are mixed to make a premix, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0114] Comparative Example 4

[0115] On the basis of Example 1, lecithin is not added to the raw materials, and the mass ratio of vitamin E is changed to 130 parts by weight, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0116] Comparative Example 5

[0117] On the basis of Example 1, vitamin E is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of cholesterol is changed to 70 parts by weight, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0118] Comparative Example 6

[0119] On the basis of Example 1, cholesterol is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of lecithin is changed to 140 parts, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0120] Comparative Example 7

[0121] On the basis of Example 1, taurine is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of curcumin is changed to 45 parts by weight, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0122] Comparative Example 8

[0123] On the basis of Example 1, curcumin is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of betaine is changed to 50 parts by weight, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0124] Comparative Example 9

[0125] On the basis of Example 1, betaine is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of taurine is changed to 45 parts by weight, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0126] Comparative Example 10

[0127] On the basis of Example 1, vitamin B6 is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of folic acid is changed to 10 parts by weight, with the rest being the same as in Example 1.

[0128] Comparative Example 11

[0129] On the basis of Example 1, folic acid is not added to the raw materials, and the addition amount of vitamin B6 is changed to 10 parts by weight, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0130] Performance test:

[0131] Select Litopenaeus vannamei of the same batch, with equal size, strong physique and immature ovaries, and cultivate them according to the male-female ratio of 2:1. Randomly divide the broodstock of Litopenaeus vannamei into groups, with 150 shrimps in each group, set 3 replicates, and feed the premixes prepared in Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-11 and the blank control group without premix. The feeding conditions are in accordance with the standard of DB37 / T450.1-2010, and the rest of the conditions are kept the same. Regularly observe and count the various indicators of the reproductive performance of each broodstock, and measure its spawning rate, spawning amount, hatching rate and survival rate of postlarvae:

[0132] Spawning rate = (number of shrimps that actually spawned / total number of shrimps) × 100%

[0133] Spawning amount = average value of spawning amount of female Litopenaeus vannamei

[0134] Hatching rate = (average number of nauplii / average number of eggs laid by the same broodstock individual) × 100%

[0135] Survival rate of postlarvae = postlarvae that survived for 14 days after hatching / number of nauplii hatched by the same broodstock individual × 100%.

[0136] Spawning rate (%) Spawning amount (ten thousand / tail) Hatching rate (%) Survival rate of juvenile shrimps (%) Example 1 68.5 26.3 92.3 90.5 Example 2 67.9 24.8 92.7 91.2 Example 3 69.1 26.1 89.1 88.4 Comparative example 1 51.2 20.5 73.6 68.4 Comparative example 2 55.3 22.7 85.2 72.9 Comparative example 3 41.2 18.2 69.8 63.3 Comparative example 4 58.7 23.1 80.3 78.6 Comparative example 5 53.2 20.8 76.5 75.4 Comparative example 6 49.5 19.3 71.2 69.8 Comparative example 7 63.8 24.4 87.1 81.4 Comparative example 8 66.1 25.7 89.6 84.7 Comparative example 9 60.4 24.9 83.2 77.6 Comparative example 10 65.3 25.8 85.9 79.2 Comparative example 11 66.4 26.1 88.4 82.5 Blank control 39.6 10.6 52.7 46.3

[0137] It can be seen from the test results that the core value of the slow-release system is reflected by Comparative Examples 1-3:

[0138] The lack of microencapsulation may lead to a decrease in the utilization rate of methyl farnesoate in the broodstock and thus a decrease in the spawning amount. The lack of montmorillonite loading may lead to too high zinc ion concentration, resulting in a significant decrease in the survival rate of postlarvae; the performance of the double-lack group is close to that of the blank group.

[0139] The synergism of functional components is shown by Comparative Examples 4-9:

[0140] The lack of lecithin (Comparative Example 4) and cholesterol (Comparative Example 6) has the greatest impact on reproductive performance, verifying the necessity of their being the core of lipid metabolism;

[0141] The lack of vitamin E (Comparative Example 5) leads to a chain reaction of oxidative damage and a sharp reduction in the hatching rate.

[0142] It can be seen from Comparative Examples 7-11 that there is functional compensation between taurine and curcumin (Comparative Examples 7 / 8), and between betaine and taurine (Comparative Example 9), but they cannot be completely replaced;

[0143] The excessive addition of vitamin B6 and folic acid (Comparative Examples 10 / 11) can partially compensate for metabolic defects, but it is still lower than the optimal group.

[0144] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the above-disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any indirect modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A premix for breeding broodstock of Penaeus vannamei, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials: 400-450 parts by weight of ω-3 fatty acids, 10-15 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 8-12 parts by weight of methyl farnesate, 25-40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 5-20 parts by weight of zinc methionine, and 0.5-1.0 parts by weight of selenium methionine; The astaxanthin, methyl farnesate and ω-3 fatty acids are processed by sodium alginate-chitosan microencapsulation; the zinc methionine and selenium methionine are loaded on montmorillonite; The granulation method used in the process of preparing the premix into feed is: The premix is ​​added into the mixer in proportion and mixed at 20-25°C. The mixed material is then transferred into the fluidized bed and the air inlet temperature is set to 30-40°C. After the air flow is started to fluidize the material, 3-8% gum arabic solution is sprayed at a rate of 2-5 mL / min to form particles.

2. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of DHA to EPA in the ω-3 fatty acids is 1.5-2.5:

1.

3. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The encapsulation preparation steps are: A1, mixing astaxanthin, methyl farnesate, and ω-3 fat, and adding phospholipids to prepare an oil phase; A2, dissolving sodium alginate in deionized water to prepare an aqueous phase; A3, adding the oil phase obtained in step A1 dropwise into the water phase obtained in step A2, and forming an emulsion by homogenization; A4, adding the emulsion obtained in step A4 into a CaCl2 solution through a nozzle to form gel microspheres by cross-linking; A5, immersing the gel microspheres into a chitosan solution to form a first layer of chitosan film; A6. Repeatedly immerse the microspheres prepared in A5 in sodium alginate solution and chitosan solution, and repeat 3-5 times to construct a multilayer membrane structure.

4. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amount of phospholipid added in step A1 is 5-10wt% of the oil phase.

5. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The concentration of sodium alginate in the aqueous phase in step A2 is 1-2%; the concentration of the CaCl2 solution in step A4 is 2-3%.

6. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The chitosan solution concentration in steps A5 and A6 is 0.5-1%, and the pH is adjusted to 5.0-5.5 with glacial acetic acid; the sodium alginate solution concentration in step A6 is 0.4-0.6%.

7. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load preparation steps are: B1, calcining montmorillonite powder and dispersing it in deionized water to form a montmorillonite suspension; B2. Mix the zinc methionine solution and the selenium methionine solution and dropwise add them into the montmorillonite suspension to carry out ion exchange and surface adsorption.

8. A premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials also include: 80-120 parts by weight of lecithin, 25-40 parts by weight of vitamin E, 30-50 parts by weight of cholesterol, 30-50 parts by weight of beta-glucan, 40-60 parts by weight of arginine, 10-20 parts by weight of bile acid, 15-25 parts by weight of taurine, 20-30 parts by weight of curcumin, 20-30 parts by weight of betaine, 0.4-0.8 parts by weight of bacitracin zinc premix, 5-8 parts by weight of vitamin B6, and 2-4 parts by weight of folic acid.

9. The method for preparing a premix for breeding Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lecithin, cholesterol, beta-glucan, arginine, bile acid, taurine, curcumin, betaine, bacitracin zinc premix, vitamin B6, folic acid, microcapsules and montmorillonite loaded particles are uniformly mixed to obtain the product.

10. A premix for breeding broodstock of Penaeus vannamei according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The premix is ​​mixed with the main feed at a mass ratio of 5-8:100.