Vertical friction welding equipment and welding method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses vertical friction welding equipment and a welding method thereof, and relates to the technical field of friction welding, the equipment comprises a sliding table, at least one portal frame, a corresponding vertical welding main shaft structure and a control system, the sliding table comprises a sliding plate and a sliding plate driving mechanism, and the sliding plate driving mechanism drives the sliding plate to move; to-be-welded steel plates are horizontally and fixedly mounted on the upper surfaces of the sliding plates; a portal frame horizontal driving mechanism is installed at the bottom of the portal frame and drives the portal frame to horizontally slide in the length direction of the box type lathe bed. Each vertical welding spindle structure comprises a sliding structure, a spindle box and a clamp, the sliding structures are used for driving the spindle boxes to ascend and descend, and the clamps are used for clamping workpieces to be welded. The control system is electrically connected with the sliding plate driving mechanism, the portal frame horizontal driving mechanism, the sliding structure and the spindle box. By designing the vertical friction welding mode, the welding precision is improved, meanwhile, automatic feeding and discharging are achieved, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of friction welding, and more particularly, to a vertical friction welding device and a welding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Friction welding refers to a welding method that uses the heat generated by the friction of the workpiece contact surface as a heat source to cause plastic deformation of the workpiece under pressure. Under the action of constant or increasing pressure and torque, relative movement between the welding contact end faces is utilized to generate frictional heat and plastic deformation heat in the friction surface and its adjacent areas, causing the temperature in the adjacent areas to rise to a temperature range close to but generally lower than the melting point. The deformation resistance of the material decreases, the plasticity increases, and the oxide film at the interface breaks. Under the action of upsetting pressure, accompanied by plastic deformation and flow of the material, solid-state welding is achieved through molecular diffusion and recrystallization at the interface.

[0003] Currently, existing friction welding equipment for embedded parts generally adopts a horizontal frame structure, which is not conducive to the automatic loading and unloading of steel plates. Manual operation is inconvenient and prone to workpiece dropping and personal injury; it is not conducive to the fully automatic welding process and has low work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a vertical friction welding device and a welding method thereof to solve the technical problems in the background art that the existing horizontal friction welding equipment is prone to uneven stress during welding, resulting in welding errors, thereby affecting the welding quality and being not conducive to the automatic loading and unloading of steel plates.

[0005] To solve at least one of the above problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide a vertical friction welding device, comprising: A sliding table, horizontally arranged on a box-type bed body. The sliding table includes a sliding plate and a sliding plate driving mechanism installed on the lower surface of the sliding plate and the upper surface of the box-type bed body. The sliding plate driving mechanism is adapted to drive the sliding plate to move along the length direction of the box-type bed body, and a steel plate to be welded is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the sliding plate; At least one gantry, spanning above the sliding table. A gantry horizontal driving mechanism located on the box-type bed body is installed at the bottom of the gantry, and the gantry horizontal driving mechanism is adapted to drive the gantry to horizontally slide along the length direction of the box-type bed body; At least one vertical welding spindle structure, correspondingly installed on the gantry. Each vertical welding spindle structure includes a sliding structure movably arranged on the gantry, a spindle box installed on the sliding structure, and a fixture installed at the bottom end of the spindle of the spindle box. The sliding structure is used to drive the spindle box to lift and lower, and the fixture is used to clamp the workpiece to be welded; The control system is electrically connected to the skateboard driving mechanism, the gantry horizontal driving mechanism, the sliding structure, and the spindle box respectively.

[0006] Optionally, the spindle box includes a spindle cavity, a spindle rotatably installed inside the spindle cavity, a taper sleeve connected to the front end of the spindle, a spindle drive wheel connected to the rear end of the spindle, an elastic chuck slidably fitted inside the taper sleeve, and a fourth servo motor installed inside the spindle cavity. A fixture is installed at one end of the elastic chuck away from the spindle, and the end of the elastic chuck close to the spindle is connected to a pull tube installed inside the spindle. The pull tube is connected to the telescopic rod of a rotary oil cylinder, and the rotary oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the spindle drive wheel. A push rod is installed inside the pull tube. The output shaft of the fourth servo motor is installed with a belt pulley and is in transmission cooperation with the spindle drive wheel through a belt to drive the spindle to move; The rotary oil cylinder is connected to the spindle drive wheel through an adapter flange. One side of the adapter flange is fixedly connected to the rotary oil cylinder, and the other side is fixedly connected to the spindle drive wheel; When the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder retracts, the elastic chuck contracts, so that the fixture clamps the workpiece to be welded, and the workpiece to be welded abuts against the push rod.

[0007] Optionally, one end of the pull tube is threadedly connected to the elastic chuck. The end of the elastic chuck close to the spindle is provided with internal threads, and the end of the pull tube is provided with external threads; The other end of the pull tube is connected to the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder through a connecting shaft, and the end of the push rod away from the fixture abuts against the end of the connecting shaft.

[0008] Optionally, the skateboard driving mechanism includes a first linear rolling guide pair fixed on the box-type lathe bed, a first coupling, a first bearing tailstock, a first servo motor, and a first ball screw locking nut, and a first ball screw arranged between the first coupling and the first bearing tailstock and a first screw nut threadedly connected to the first ball screw; One side of the first linear rolling guide pair close to the skateboard is slidably connected to the skateboard; the output shaft of the first servo motor is connected to the ball screw through the first coupling; the first screw nut is fixedly connected to the skateboard through a nut seat.

[0009] Optionally, the gantry includes columns composed of a left column and a right column, and an upper cross beam fixed to the upper ends of the left column and the right column respectively. The spindle box is connected to the upper cross beam through the sliding structure.

[0010] Optionally, the sliding structure includes a lifting mechanism mounted on the column and a transverse sliding plate sliding on the lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism includes a first screw drive structure vertically mounted on the column, a pair of parallel first linear slide rail structures, and a first cylinder support structure mounted between the column and the transverse sliding plate. The first screw drive structure is adapted to drive the transverse sliding plate to slide on the first linear slide rail structure.

[0011] Optionally, the first screw drive structure includes a second servo motor vertically and inversely mounted on the top of the column through a motor mounting plate, a second ball screw, second bearing pedestals rotatably supported at both ends of the second ball screw, and a sliding seat threadedly connected to the second ball screw. The output shaft of the second servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the second ball screw through a second coupling. One side of the sliding seat close to the transverse sliding plate is fixedly connected to the transverse sliding plate. The first linear slide rail structure includes two first linear guide rails vertically and parallelly connected to the column and a plurality of third sliders slidably disposed on the first linear guide rails. The two first linear guide rails are parallelly disposed on both sides of the second ball screw. One side of the third slider close to the transverse sliding plate is fixedly connected to the transverse sliding plate.

[0012] Optionally, the gantry horizontal drive mechanism is disposed at the bottom of the left column and inside one side in the width direction of the box-type bed body. The gantry horizontal drive mechanism includes a first connecting plate horizontally connected to the bottom of the left column, a second servo motor vertically and inversely mounted on the first connecting plate, a first gear sleeved on the output shaft of the second servo motor, a first rack mounted on the box-type bed body, and a pair of parallel second linear slide rail structures disposed between the first gear and the first rack. The top of the second linear slide rail structure is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate, and the bottom of the second linear slide rail structure is connected to the box-type bed body. The first gear is meshed with the first rack. The second linear slide rail structure includes a long slide rail parallel to the first rack and a plurality of first sliders slidably disposed on the long slide rail. The top of the first slider is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the transverse sliding plate.

[0013] Optionally, the sliding structure further includes a first cylinder support structure. The first cylinder support structure includes a cylinder mounting plate connected to one side of the column, a first cylinder vertically mounted on the cylinder mounting plate, and a second connecting plate. One side of the second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the transverse sliding plate, and the other side is connected to the top of the extending shaft of the first cylinder.

[0014] The second object of the present invention is to provide a welding method for a vertical friction welding device, and the welding method includes the steps: Step S 1 : Install the workpiece to be welded on the fixture, and one end of the workpiece to be welded abuts against the ejector rod; the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder retracts to move the elastic chuck backward, driving the fixture to clamp the workpiece to be welded, and tighten the fastening bolt to press the workpiece to be welded; Step S 2 : Horizontally and fixedly install the steel plate to be welded on the slide plate. When the welding position of the steel plate to be welded corresponding to the workpiece to be welded does not meet the requirements, start the horizontal driving mechanism and the sliding structure of the gantry to work, driving the spindle box and the fixture to move to the set coordinate position; Step S 3 : Start the fourth servo motor to work, drive the main shaft to rotate, the workpiece to be welded rotates at the same angular velocity, and gradually moves forward to contact the steel plate to be welded, and preheat the steel plate to be welded under the action of friction; Step S 4 : As the friction progresses, the workpiece to be welded contacts and frictions with the steel plate to be welded, undergoes severe plastic deformation under the action of the rotational force, and at the same time the welded area continuously increases; Step S 5 : The main shaft stops rotating, the welding of the workpiece to be welded and the steel plate to be welded is completed, the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder extends to move the elastic chuck forward, the fixture releases the workpiece to be welded, and the horizontal driving mechanism and the sliding structure of the gantry drive the spindle box and the fixture to move to the next set coordinate position.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This vertical friction welding equipment includes a sliding table, at least one gantry, at least one vertical welding spindle structure and a control system. The steel plate to be welded is placed on the slide plate of the sliding table and positioned and clamped by a fixing device to ensure the stability of the steel plate to be welded during the welding process. At the same time, the workpiece to be welded is installed on the fixture of the vertical welding spindle structure, and the spindle in the spindle box drives the fixture and the workpiece to be welded to rotate, preparing for the subsequent friction process. The slide plate driving mechanism drives the slide plate to move along the length direction of the box-type bed body according to the instructions of the control system, adjusts the steel plate to be welded to the initial welding position corresponding to the vertical welding spindle structure, and realizes the rough alignment of the workpiece. The horizontal driving mechanism of the gantry drives the gantry to slide horizontally along the length direction of the box-type bed body, moves the vertical welding spindle structure installed on the gantry to directly above the workpiece to be welded or the specified welding position, further improves the accuracy of the welding position, and ensures that the welding spindle can accurately act on the area to be welded. The sliding structure drives the spindle box to lift, so that the workpiece to be welded on the fixture gradually approaches the steel plate to be welded. When it descends to a certain extent, the end face of the workpiece to be welded contacts the surface of the steel plate to be welded. At the moment of contact, the spindle starts to rotate, generating friction and heat. With the continuous rotation of the spindle and appropriate downward pressure, the heat generated by friction raises the temperature of the contact surface material to the plastic state. The control system controls the friction time and pressure according to the preset welding process parameters. After the friction ends, the spindle rotation is immediately stopped, and a upsetting force is quickly applied through the sliding structure, enabling the two workpieces to complete metallurgical bonding under high temperature and high pressure to form a welded joint. After welding is completed, the spindle box rises under the drive of the sliding structure and returns to the initial position. The gantry and the sliding table also return to their original positions under the action of their respective driving mechanisms respectively, so as to carry out the next welding cycle.

[0016] 2. Through the coordinated movement of the sliding table, the gantry and the vertical welding spindle structure, combined with the precise instructions of the control system, this equipment realizes the precise positioning and multi-angle welding of the workpiece to be welded in space. The horizontal movement of the sliding table is used to adjust the initial position of the steel plate to be welded. The horizontal sliding of the gantry and the lifting and rotation movements of the vertical welding spindle structure enable the welding spindle to flexibly reach the areas to be welded at different positions and angles, meeting the welding requirements of complex workpieces. The multi-degree-of-freedom movement of the gantry and the vertical welding spindle structure enables the equipment to adapt to the welding requirements of different spatial positions. Whether it is the vertical welding of a flat plate and a vertical part or the welding of special-shaped parts with a three-dimensional spatial structure, the equipment can accurately reach the welding position through precise motion control, complete high-quality welding tasks, and broaden the application scope of the equipment.

[0017] 3. The entire welding process is automatically completed by the control system. Moreover, the vertical welding method of this equipment can also perform tasks such as automatic loading and unloading of workpieces and monitoring, greatly reducing the labor intensity of operators. Compared with the traditional horizontal welding method, it avoids the influence of the alignment and accuracy of welding caused by the self-gravity of the workpieces to be welded and the steel plates to be welded; it can also reduce the operation time of workers in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure, and improve the working conditions. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the vertical friction welding equipment in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the vertical friction welding equipment in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the vertical friction welding equipment in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an internal structural schematic diagram of the slide table in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the sliding structure in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gantry in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is an internal structural schematic diagram of the sliding structure in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spindle box in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 It is an internal structural schematic diagram of the spindle box in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic flow diagram of the welding method of the vertical friction welding equipment in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1 - Slide table; 11 - Slide plate; 12 - Slide plate driving mechanism; 121 - First linear rolling guide pair; 122 - First servo motor; 123 - First coupling; 124 - First bearing tailstock; 125 - First ball screw locking nut; 126 - First ball screw; 127 - First screw nut; 2 - Gantry; 21 - Column; 211 - Left column; 212 - Right column; 22 - Upper crossbeam; 23 - Gantry horizontal driving mechanism; 231 - First connecting plate; 232 - Second servo motor; 233 - First gear; 234 - First rack; 235 - Second linear slide rail structure; 2351 - Long slide rail; 2352 - First slider; 3 - Vertical Welding Spindle Structure; 31 - Sliding Structure; 311 - Lifting Mechanism; 3111 - First Lead Screw Drive Structure; 31111 - Fifth Servo Motor; 31112 - Second Ball Screw; 31113 - Second Bearing Tailstock; 31114 - Sliding Seat; 3112 - First Linear Slide Rail Structure; 31121 - First Linear Guide Rail; 31122 - Third Slide Block; 312 - Transverse Traversing Plate; 313 - First Cylinder Support Structure; 3131 - Cylinder Mounting Plate; 3132 - First Cylinder; 3133 - Second Connecting Plate; 314 - Horizontal Movement Mechanism; 3141 - Third Servo Motor; 3142 - Second Gear; 3143 - Second Rack; 3144 - Second Linear Slide Rail Structure; 31441 - Second Linear Guide Rail; 31442 - Second Slide Block; 32 - Spindle Box; 321 - Spindle Cavity; 322 - Spindle; 3221 - Pulling Tube; 3222 - Rotary Oil Cylinder; 32221 - Adapter Flange; 3223 - Ejector Rod; 3224 - Connecting Shaft; 323 - Taper Sleeve; 324 - Elastic Collet; 325 - Fourth Servo Motor; 326 - Spindle Driving Wheel; 33 - Fixture; 4 - Box - type Bed; 5 - Workpiece to be Welded; 6 - Steel Plate to be Welded. Specific Embodiments

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can also be the communication inside two components. It can be a wireless connection or a wired connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. Please refer to Figure 1-9 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vertical friction welding device, and the vertical friction welding device includes a sliding table 1, at least one gantry 2, at least one vertical welding spindle structure 3, and a control system, wherein: The box-type bed body 4 and the sliding table 1 provide a stable base for the entire device, ensuring that each moving component can operate smoothly during the welding process, and reducing the influence of vibration and deformation on the welding quality. In this embodiment, the sliding table 1 is horizontally arranged on the box-type bed body 4, and the sliding table 1 includes a slide plate 11 and a slide plate driving mechanism 12. The slide plate driving mechanism 12 is installed between the lower surface of the slide plate 11 and the upper surface of the box-type bed body 4. The slide plate driving mechanism 12 is used to drive the slide plate 11 to move along the length direction of the box-type bed body 4. A steel plate 6 to be welded is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the slide plate 11. The slide plate driving mechanism 12 has high reliability and accuracy retention, ensuring the long-term stable working state of the device.

[0021] The gantry 2 spans above the sliding table 1, and a gantry horizontal driving mechanism 23 located on the box-type bed body 4 is installed at the bottom of the gantry 2. The gantry horizontal driving mechanism 23 is adapted to drive the gantry 2 to slide horizontally along the length direction of the box-type bed body 4.

[0022] The vertical welding spindle structure 3 is correspondingly installed on the gantry 2. Each vertical welding spindle structure 3 includes a sliding structure 31, a spindle box 32, and a fixture 33. The sliding structure 31 is movably arranged on the gantry 2. The spindle box 32 is installed on the sliding structure 31. The fixture 33 is installed at the bottom end of the spindle of the spindle box 32. The sliding structure 31 is used to drive the spindle box 32 to move up and down, and the fixture 33 is used to clamp the workpiece 5 to be welded.

[0023] The control system is electrically connected to the slide plate driving mechanism 12, the gantry horizontal driving mechanism 23, the sliding structure 31, and the spindle box 32 respectively. The device is equipped with a complete control system, which can monitor and precisely control various parameters during the welding process, such as welding pressure, friction time, upsetting force, etc. Once an abnormal situation occurs, the control system can quickly respond, automatically stop the welding operation or trigger an alarm device, effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by operation errors or equipment failures, and providing reliable safety protection for the operators.

[0024] Specifically, the steel plate 6 to be welded is placed on the slide plate 11 of the sliding table 1, and is positioned and clamped by the fixing device to ensure the stability of the steel plate 6 to be welded during the welding process. At the same time, the workpiece 5 to be welded is installed on the fixture 33 of the vertical welding spindle structure 3, and the spindle in the spindle box 32 drives the fixture 33 and the workpiece 5 to be welded to rotate, preparing for the subsequent friction process.

[0025] According to the instructions of the control system, the slide plate driving mechanism 12 drives the slide plate 11 to move along the length direction of the box-type bed body 4, adjusts the steel plate 6 to be welded to the initial welding position corresponding to the vertical welding spindle structure 3, and realizes the rough alignment of the workpiece.

[0026] The gantry horizontal driving mechanism 23 drives the gantry 2 to slide horizontally along the length direction of the box-type bed body 4, moves the vertical welding spindle structure 3 installed on the gantry 2 to directly above the workpiece 5 to be welded or the specified welding position, further improves the accuracy of the welding position, and ensures that the welding spindle can accurately act on the area to be welded.

[0027] The sliding structure 31 drives the spindle box 32 to lift and lower, so that the workpiece 5 to be welded on the fixture 33 gradually approaches the steel plate 6 to be welded. When it descends to a certain extent, the end face of the workpiece 5 to be welded contacts the surface of the steel plate 6 to be welded. At the moment of contact, the spindle starts to rotate, generating frictional force and heat. With the continuous rotation of the spindle and appropriate downward pressure, the heat generated by friction raises the temperature of the contact surface material to the plastic state. The control system controls the friction time and pressure according to the preset welding process parameters. After the friction ends, the spindle rotation is immediately stopped, and the upsetting force is quickly applied through the sliding structure 31, enabling the two workpieces to complete the metallurgical bonding under high temperature and high pressure and forming a welded joint.

[0028] After welding is completed, the spindle box 32 rises under the drive of the sliding structure 31 and returns to the initial position. The gantry 2 and the sliding table 1 also return to their original positions under the action of their respective drive mechanisms respectively, in order to perform the next welding cycle.

[0029] In this way, based on the basic principle of friction welding, when the contact surfaces of the workpiece 5 to be welded rub against each other under a certain pressure and generate heat, the temperature of the friction surface rises, and the material undergoes plastic deformation. At this time, the friction is stopped and the upsetting force is applied. The two workpieces undergo physical and chemical processes such as diffusion, flow, and recrystallization under high temperature and high pressure, thereby realizing the metallurgical bonding between the materials and forming a firm welded joint. The heat generated during the friction welding process is concentrated in the welding area, and the material can reach the plastic state and achieve metallurgical bonding in a short time. The quality of the welded joint is high, with good strength, toughness, corrosion resistance and other properties. There are fewer defects generated during the welding process, such as pores, inclusions, etc., thereby improving the reliability and service life of the product.

[0030] Through the coordinated movement of the sliding table 1, gantry 2, and vertical welding spindle structure 3, and combined with the precise instructions of the control system, the device achieves precise positioning and multi-angle welding of the workpiece 5 to be welded in space. The horizontal movement of the sliding table 1 is used to adjust the initial position of the steel plate 6 to be welded. The horizontal sliding of the gantry 2 and the lifting and rotation movements of the vertical welding spindle structure 3 enable the welding spindle to flexibly reach the welding areas at different positions and angles, meeting the welding requirements of complex workpieces. The multi-degree-of-freedom movements of the gantry 2 and the vertical welding spindle structure 3 enable the device to adapt to the welding requirements at different spatial positions. Whether it is the vertical welding of a flat plate and a vertical piece or the welding of special-shaped parts of a spatial three-dimensional structure, the device can accurately reach the welding position through precise motion control, complete high-quality welding tasks, and broaden the application range of the device.

[0031] The entire welding process is automatically completed by the control system, and the vertical welding method of this device can also perform tasks such as automatic loading and unloading and monitoring of workpieces, greatly reducing the labor intensity of operators. Compared with the traditional horizontal welding method, it avoids the influence of the workpiece 5 to be welded and the steel plate 6 to be welded on the alignment and accuracy of welding due to their own gravity; it also reduces the operation time of workers in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure, improving the working conditions.

[0032] It should be particularly noted that the device has at least one gantry 2 and at least one vertical welding spindle structure 3, and the number of gantries 2 and spindles can be flexibly increased or adjusted according to actual production needs to meet the welding requirements of workpieces of different sizes, shapes, and quantities. For the welding of complex structural parts in batch production or multiple types of workpieces, it can achieve multiple functions with one machine, reducing the equipment investment cost.

[0033] Further, please refer to Figure 8 、 9As shown in the figure, the headstock 32 includes a main shaft cavity 321, a main shaft 322, and a taper sleeve 323. The main shaft 322 is rotatably installed inside the main shaft cavity 321. The taper sleeve 323 is connected to the front end of the main shaft 322. The main shaft driving wheel 326 is connected to the rear end of the main shaft 322. The elastic chuck 324 is slidably installed in the taper sleeve 323 in a matching manner. The fourth servo motor 325 is installed in the main shaft cavity 321. The fourth servo motor 325 can achieve high-precision speed control through belt drive, meeting the requirements of different welding processes for the main shaft speed. A fixture 33 is installed at one end of the elastic chuck 324 away from the main shaft 322. During the welding process, the stable rotation of the main shaft 322 reduces vibration and shaking, making the rotation of the workpiece to be welded 5 more stable, which is beneficial to improving the quality and performance of the welded joint, and reducing welding stress and deformation. One end of the elastic chuck 324 close to the main shaft 322 is connected to a pull rod 3221 installed in the main shaft 322. The pull rod 3221 is connected to the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder 3222. The rotary oil cylinder 3222 is fixedly connected to the main shaft driving wheel 326. A push rod 3223 is installed in the pull rod 3221. The output shaft of the fourth servo motor 325 is equipped with a pulley and is driven in cooperation with the main shaft driving wheel 326 through a belt to drive the main shaft 322 to move.

[0034] The rotary oil cylinder 3222 is connected to the main shaft driving wheel 326 through an adapter flange 32221. One side of the adapter flange 32221 is fixedly connected to the rotary oil cylinder 3222, and the other side is fixedly connected to the main shaft driving wheel 326. When the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder 3222 retracts, the elastic chuck 324 contracts, so that the fixture 33 clamps the workpiece to be welded 5, and the workpiece to be welded 5 abuts against the push rod 3223. The rotary oil cylinder 3222 is used to provide stable hydraulic power. By adjusting the telescopic amount of the oil cylinder, the magnitude of the clamping force can be precisely controlled to ensure that the workpiece to be welded 5 is firmly clamped during the welding process and will not loosen or displace, ensuring the smooth progress of the welding process.

[0035] One end of the pull rod 3221 is threadedly connected to the elastic chuck 324. The elastic chuck 324 is provided with internal threads at one end close to the main shaft 322, and the end of the pull rod 3221 is provided with external threads. By utilizing the conical surface fit between the elastic chuck 324 and the taper sleeve 323 and the pulling force of the rotary oil cylinder 3222, a large clamping force can be generated, adapting to workpieces of various shapes and sizes, ensuring that the workpiece to be welded 5 remains stable under the action of rotation and upsetting force. At the same time, the abutting action of the push rod 3223 further enhances the axial positioning accuracy and stability of the workpiece. By controlling the telescopic movement of the rotary oil cylinder 3222, the rapid clamping and release of the workpiece to be welded 5 can be realized, greatly shortening the auxiliary time and improving the production efficiency. Compared with the traditional threaded clamping method, the hydraulic clamping device has rapid action, which is beneficial to realizing the automation of welding operations and assembly line production.

[0036] It can be understood that the designs of the elastic collet 324 and the fixture 33 can be adjusted and replaced according to the workpieces 5 to be welded with different shapes and sizes, and can clamp workpieces with diameter or size changes within a certain range. Cooperating with various special fixtures, reliable clamping of various types of workpieces can be achieved, making the spindle box structure have wide applicability.

[0037] The other end of the drawtube 3221 is connected to the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder 3222 through a connecting shaft 3224, and one end of the ejector rod 3223 away from the fixture 33 abuts against the end of the connecting shaft 3224.

[0038] Specifically, the fourth servo motor 325 is installed on the spindle cavity 321, and the pulley on its output shaft is connected to the spindle drive pulley 326 through a belt. When receiving a welding instruction, the fourth servo motor 325 starts, and the rotation of the motor drives the spindle drive pulley 326 to rotate through the belt, thereby making the spindle 322 rotate within the spindle cavity 321, preparing for the elastic collet 324 and the fixture 33 at the front end of the spindle 322 to drive the workpiece 5 to be welded to rotate.

[0039] The rotary oil cylinder 3222 is fixedly connected to the spindle drive pulley 326 through an adapter flange, its telescopic rod is connected to the drawtube 3221, and the drawtube 3221 is also threadedly connected to the elastic collet 324. When it is necessary to clamp the workpiece 5 to be welded, the control system controls the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder 3222 to retract, pulling the drawtube 3221 to move towards the spindle direction. Since the elastic collet 324 and the taper sleeve 323 are in a taper surface fit, the elastic collet 324 slides towards the spindle 322 under the drive of the drawtube 3221, and its outer taper surface fits tightly with the inner taper surface of the taper sleeve, generating a radial clamping force, so that the fixture 33 installed at one end of the elastic collet 324 away from the spindle 322 clamps the workpiece 5 to be welded. At the same time, the workpiece 5 to be welded abuts against the ejector rod to achieve axial positioning, ensuring that the workpiece rotates stably with the spindle 322 and is in an accurate position during the welding process.

[0040] The spindle 322 drives the clamped workpiece 5 to be welded to rotate. At the same time, other components of the vertical friction welding equipment cooperate to adjust the workpiece 6 to be welded and the rotating workpiece 5 to be welded to the appropriate welding position and posture for friction welding operation. During the welding process, the control system monitors and adjusts parameters such as the rotation speed and clamping force of the spindle in real time to ensure the welding quality. After welding is completed, the control system controls the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder 3222 to extend, driving the drawtube 3221 to move away from the spindle 322. The elastic collet 324 slides away from the spindle 322 within the taper sleeve 323, and the taper surface of the elastic collet 324 separates from the inner taper surface of the taper sleeve 323, and the clamping force is released. The elastic collet 324 returns to its original position under the action of its own elasticity or an auxiliary reset device, releasing the workpiece 5 to be welded, facilitating the removal of the welded workpiece, completing a working cycle, and preparing for the welding of the next workpiece.

[0041] For further information, see Figure 4 As shown, the skateboard driving mechanism 12 includes a first linear rolling guide pair 121, a first coupling 123, a first bearing tailstock 124, a first servo motor 122, a first ball screw locking nut 125, a first ball screw 126 and a first screw nut 127, wherein: The first linear rolling guide pair 121, the first coupling 123, the first bearing tailstock 124, the first servo motor 122 and the first ball screw locking nut 125 are all fixed on the box-type bed 4, the first ball screw 126 is arranged between the first coupling 123 and the first bearing tailstock 124, and the first screw nut 127 is threadedly connected to the first ball screw 126.

[0042] The first linear rolling guide pair 121 is slidably connected to the slide board 11 at one side close to the slide board 11 , the output shaft of the first servo motor 122 is connected to the ball screw 126 through the first coupling 123 ; the first screw nut 127 is fixedly connected to the slide board 11 through a nut seat.

[0043] Specifically in this embodiment, the first servo motor 122 drives the first ball screw 126 to rotate through the first coupling 123. The first ball screw 126 and the first screw nut 127 form a screw pair, which converts the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion, thereby driving the skateboard 11 to move along the first linear rolling guide pair 121. The ball screw pair has the characteristics of high precision and high efficiency, and can accurately convert the rotational motion into linear motion to achieve precise positioning of the skateboard 11. The first linear rolling guide pair 121 provides stable guidance and support for the skateboard 11, ensuring that the skateboard 11 maintains stable and linear motion during movement, reduces vibration and shaking, and improves motion accuracy. The rolling guide pair has the advantages of low friction and high rigidity, can withstand certain radial and axial loads, and ensures the stability of the skateboard in high-speed and high-precision motion.

[0044] When the first ball screw 126 rotates, the first screw nut 127 threadedly matched therewith is displaced in the axial direction. Since the first screw nut 127 is fixedly connected to the slide plate 11 through the nut seat, the slide plate 11 moves linearly along the length direction of the box-type bed 4 under the guidance of the first linear rolling guide pair 121. The first linear rolling guide pair 121 is slidably connected to the slide plate 11 on one side close to the slide plate 11, ensuring the stability and straightness of the movement of the slide plate 11.

[0045] The control system accurately controls the rotation speed and rotation angle of the first servo motor 122 according to the requirements of the welding process and the position feedback information, so as to accurately control the moving speed and displacement of the slide plate 11. When the slide plate 11 moves to the predetermined position, the control system commands the first servo motor 122 to stop rotating. Under the combined action of the first linear rolling guide pair 121 and the ball screw pair, the slide plate 11 accurately stops at the target position, completing the displacement task of the steel plate 6 to be welded.

[0046] The combination of the ball screw pair and the servo motor can achieve high-precision displacement control. The ball screw pair has high transmission efficiency. Combined with the closed-loop control of the servo motor, the moving position of the slide plate 11 can be accurately controlled, and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach a relatively high level, meeting the strict requirements for the position accuracy of the steel plate to be welded during the welding process.

[0047] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, the gantry 2 includes a column 21 composed of a left column 211 and a right column 212 and an upper cross beam 22. The two ends of the upper cross beam 22 are respectively fixed to the upper ends of the left column 211 and the right column 212. The main spindle box 32 is connected to the upper cross beam 22 through a sliding structure 31.

[0048] In this embodiment, the gantry 2 is composed of a left column 211, a right column 212 and an upper cross beam 22, forming a rigid frame structure. The left column 211 and the right column 212 serve as vertical supports, bearing vertical loads and lateral forces. Their cross-sectional dimensions and material strengths determine the bending and shear resistance capabilities of the gantry 2. The upper cross beam 22 connects the upper ends of the left and right columns, mainly bearing the vertical load transmitted from the main spindle box 32 as well as the vibration and impact force during the welding process, while ensuring the overall stability of the gantry 2, preventing it from shaking or deforming during the movement of the main spindle box 32, and providing a stable support platform for the welding operation.

[0049] The main spindle box 32 is connected to the upper cross beam 22 of the gantry 2 through a sliding structure 31. The sliding structure 31 includes a guide rail, a slider and a driving device. The guide rail is installed on the upper cross beam, the slider is connected to the main spindle box, and the driving device (such as a servo motor driving a lead screw or a rack and pinion drive) converts the rotational motion into a linear motion by changing the rotation of the lead screw or the meshing of the gear and the rack, enabling the main spindle box 32 to slide along the guide rail on the upper cross beam 22. This transmission method can accurately control the displacement and speed of the main spindle box 32, achieving precise positioning of the main spindle box 32 in the horizontal direction to meet the requirements of different welding positions and trajectories.

[0050] Furthermore, please refer to Figure 5As shown, the sliding structure 31 includes a lifting mechanism 311 and a transverse slide 312, the lifting mechanism 311 is installed on the column 21, the transverse slide 312 slides on the lifting mechanism 311, the lifting mechanism 311 includes a first screw drive structure 3111 and a pair of first linear slide rail structures 3112, the first screw drive structure 3111 is vertically installed on the column 21, and the pair of first linear slide rail structures 3112 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the first screw drive structure 3111, the first cylinder support structure 313 is installed between the column 21 and the transverse slide 312, and the first screw drive structure 3111 is suitable for driving the transverse slide 312 to slide on the first linear slide rail structure 3112. The first screw drive structure 3111 in the lifting mechanism 311 is the core lifting drive component. It is composed of a screw, a nut and a drive motor, and the drive motor (usually a servo motor or a stepper motor) drives the screw to rotate through a coupling. The lead screw and the nut on the transverse carriage 312 form a spiral pair. According to the principle of spiral transmission, the rotational motion of the lead screw is converted into the linear motion of the transverse carriage 312 in the vertical direction, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the transverse carriage 312. This transmission mode has self-locking, precise displacement control ability and high load-bearing capacity, which can ensure that the transverse carriage 312 moves up and down stably, and provide accurate positioning for the needs of different height positions in welding operations. A pair of first linear slide rail structures 3112 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the first lead screw drive structure 3111, mainly playing a guiding and stabilizing role. The linear slide rail is composed of a guide rail and a slider, the slider is installed on the transverse carriage 312, and the guide rail is fixed on the column 21. During the lifting and lowering process of the transverse carriage 312, the slider slides along the guide rail, limiting the swing and rotation of the transverse carriage 312, and ensuring the linearity and stability of its movement. At the same time, the linear slide rail can withstand a certain lateral force and bending moment, enhance the rigidity of the entire lifting mechanism, prevent deformation under load or external interference, and ensure the movement accuracy of the spindle box during welding.

[0051] In this embodiment, first, the first lead screw drive structure 3111 is vertically installed on the column 21 to ensure that the verticality of the lead screw meets the requirements. Then, a pair of first linear guide rail structures 3112 are installed in parallel on both sides of the lead screw, the guide rails are fixed, and the slider is connected to the transverse slide 312. Next, the first cylinder support structure 313 is installed, so that one end is fixed on the column 21 and the other end is connected to the transverse slide 312. After completing the electrical connection, the entire lifting mechanism 311 is debugged, including the rotation flexibility of the lead screw, the tightness of the slider and the guide rail, and the action response of the cylinder, etc., to ensure that each component works normally.

[0052] When it is necessary to adjust the height position of the cross - slide plate 312, the control system sends an instruction to the drive motor. The drive motor starts and drives the lead screw to rotate. The rotation of the lead screw is transmitted to the cross - slide plate 312 through the nut, causing it to move vertically along the first linear slide rail structure 3112. During the movement, the slider of the first linear slide rail structure 3112 slides on the guide rail to ensure the smooth rise or fall of the cross - slide plate 312. At the same time, the first cylinder support structure 313 makes corresponding telescopic movements according to the movement position of the cross - slide plate 312. When the cross - slide plate 312 reaches the target position, the cylinder extends or retracts a certain amount to support and finely position the cross - slide plate 312, ensuring its position accuracy and stability for subsequent welding operations.

[0053] Further, please refer to Figure 5 、 7 As shown, the first lead screw drive structure 3111 includes a fifth servo motor 31111, a second ball screw 31112, a second bearing housing 31113, and a sliding seat 31114. The fifth servo motor 31111 is vertically and inversely installed at the top of the column 21 through a motor mounting plate. The second bearing housing 31113 rotatably supports both ends of the second ball screw 31112. The sliding seat 31114 is threadedly connected to the second ball screw 31112. The output shaft of the fifth servo motor 31111 is fixedly connected to one end of the second ball screw 31112 through a second coupling. One side of the sliding seat 31114 close to the cross - slide plate 312 is fixedly connected to the cross - slide plate 312.

[0054] Further, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, the first linear slide rail structure 3112 includes a first linear guide rail 31121 and a third slider 31122. Two first linear guide rails 31121 are vertically and parallelly connected to the column 21. A plurality of third sliders 31122 are slidably arranged on the first linear guide rail 31121. The two first linear guide rails 31121 are parallelly arranged on both sides of the second ball screw 31112. One side of the third slider 31122 close to the cross - slide plate 312 is fixedly connected to the cross - slide plate 312.

[0055] During the installation process, the two first linear guide rails 31121 are vertically and parallelly fixed to the column 21 to ensure the installation accuracy of the first linear guide rail 31121, including its perpendicularity and parallelism. Then, a plurality of third sliders 31122 are respectively installed on the first linear guide rail 31121, and one side of the third slider 31122 close to the cross - slide plate 312 is firmly connected to the cross - slide plate 312. At the same time, the second ball screw 31112 is installed on the column 21 and cooperates with the nut on the cross - slide plate 312. After the installation is completed, commissioning work is carried out to check whether the third slider 31122 slides smoothly on the first linear guide rail 31121.

[0056] When it is necessary to adjust the height of the cross - slide plate 312, the control system sends an instruction to the drive motor connected to the second ball screw 31122. The drive motor starts and drives the second ball screw 31122 to rotate. The rotation of the second ball screw 31122 is transmitted to the cross - slide plate 312 through the nut, causing the cross - slide plate 312 to move in the vertical direction. During the movement, the cross - slide plate 312 drives the third slider 31122 connected to it to slide along the first linear guide 31121. The first linear guide 31121 provides stable guidance for the cross - slide plate 312, enabling it to maintain a smooth and linear movement during the lifting process, avoiding shaking or tilting. At the same time, the precise rotation of the screw ensures the displacement accuracy of the cross - slide plate 312, enabling it to accurately reach the predetermined height position.

[0057] Further, please refer to Figure 6 As shown, the gantry horizontal drive mechanism 23 is arranged at the bottom of the left column 211 and inside one side of the box - type bed body 4 in the width direction. The gantry horizontal drive mechanism 23 includes a first connecting plate 231, a second servo - motor 232, a first gear 233, a first rack 234, and a second linear slide - rail structure 235. The first connecting plate 231 is horizontally connected to the bottom of the left column 211. The second servo - motor 232 is vertically and inversely installed on the first connecting plate 231. The first gear 233 is sleeved on the output shaft of the second servo - motor 232. The first rack 234 is installed on the box - type bed body 4. A pair of second linear slide - rail structures 235 are arranged in parallel between the first gear 233 and the first rack 234. The top of the second linear slide - rail structure 235 is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 231, and the bottom of the second linear slide - rail structure 235 is connected to the box - type bed body 4. The first gear 233 is meshed with the first rack 234.

[0058] Thus, the gantry horizontal drive mechanism 23 adopts a gear - rack transmission. The second servo - motor 232 drives the first gear 233 to rotate, and the first gear 233 meshes with the first rack 234. When the first gear 233 rotates, the first rack 234 generates a displacement in the axial direction, thereby realizing the horizontal movement of the gantry 2. This transmission method can accurately convert the rotational motion of the second servo - motor 232 into a linear motion, and has the advantages of high transmission accuracy, strong load - bearing capacity, and compact structure, and can meet the requirements of stable movement and precise position control of the gantry 2 in the horizontal direction.

[0059] The second linear slide - rail structure 235 includes a long slide - rail 2351 and a first slider 2352. The long slide - rail 2351 is arranged parallel to the first rack 234. A plurality of first sliders 2352 are slidably arranged on the long slide - rail 2351. The top of the first slider 2352 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the cross - slide plate 312.

[0060] In this way, a pair of second linear slide rail structures 235 are arranged in parallel between the first gear 233 and the first rack 234. Their tops are fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 231, and their bottoms are connected to the box-type bed body 4. The linear slide rail is composed of a guide rail and a slider. The slider is installed on the first connecting plate 231, and the guide rail is fixed on the box-type bed body 4. During the movement of the gantry 2, the slider slides along the guide rail, providing stable guidance and support for the gantry 2, ensuring that the gantry 2 moves smoothly and linearly during horizontal movement, reducing vibration and swaying, and improving the movement accuracy.

[0061] Further, please refer to Figure 5 、 7 As shown in, the sliding structure 31 further includes a first cylinder support structure 313. The first cylinder support structure 313 includes a cylinder mounting plate 3131, a first cylinder 3132, and a second connecting plate 3133. The cylinder mounting plate 3131 is connected to one side of the column 21. The first cylinder 3132 is vertically installed on the cylinder mounting plate 3131. One side of the second connecting plate 3133 is fixedly connected to the top of the cross-slide plate 312, and the other side is connected to the top of the extending shaft of the first cylinder 3132.

[0062] Thus, through the telescopic action of the first cylinder 3132, a supporting force can be applied to the cross-slide plate 312 in the vertical direction. When the cross-slide plate 312 reaches the target position, the first cylinder 3132 extends, forming a stable support point between the cross-slide plate 312 and the column 21, reducing the load on the lead screw drive structure, and at the same time finely adjusting and assisting in positioning the position of the cross-slide plate 312, improving the position accuracy and stability. This cylinder support method has a fast response speed and can provide a large supporting force in a short time, ensuring the stability of the cross-slide plate during the welding process.

[0063] Further, please refer to Figure 5 、 7 As shown in, the sliding structure 31 further includes a horizontal movement mechanism 314. The horizontal movement mechanism 314 includes a third servo motor 3141, a second gear 3142, a second rack 3143, and a second linear slide rail structure 3144, where: The second rack 3143 and the second linear slide structure 3144 are horizontally and parallelly connected on the upper surface of the beam 22, and the two second linear slide structures 3144 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the second rack 3143, and the third servo motor 3141 is horizontally installed on the two second linear slide structures 3144 through the transverse slide plate 312, and the second gear 3142 is installed on the output shaft of the third servo motor 3141, and the second gear 3142 is meshed with the second rack 3143 for transmission, and the second linear slide structure 3144 is composed of a second linear guide 31441 and a second slider 31442, and the second slider 31442 is slidably set on the second linear guide 31441, and the side of the second slider 31442 facing away from the second linear guide 31441 is fixed on the transverse slide plate 312, so that the transverse slide plate 312 can be driven to move in the horizontal direction through the horizontal moving mechanism 314, thereby driving the spindle box 32 to move in the horizontal direction.

[0064] See also Figure 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a welding method of a vertical friction welding device, the welding method comprising the steps of: Step S 1 : Install the workpiece 5 to be welded onto the fixture 33, and one end of the workpiece 5 to be welded abuts against the push rod 3223; the telescopic rod of the rotary cylinder 3222 retracts to move the elastic chuck 324 backward, driving the fixture 33 to clamp the workpiece 5 to be welded, and tightening the fastening bolts to press the workpiece 5 to be welded; Step S 2 : The steel plate 6 to be welded is fixedly installed horizontally on the slide plate 11. When the welding position of the steel plate 6 to be welded corresponding to the workpiece 5 to be welded does not meet the requirements, the horizontal driving mechanism 23 of the gantry and the sliding structure 31 are started to drive the spindle box 32 and the fixture 33 to move to the set coordinate position; Step S 3 : Start the fourth servo motor 325 to drive the spindle 322 to rotate, the workpiece 5 to be welded rotates at the same angular velocity, and gradually moves forward to the steel plate 6 to be welded and contacts the steel plate 6 to be welded, and preheats the steel plate 6 to be welded under the action of friction; Step S 4 : As the friction proceeds, the workpiece 5 to be welded and the steel plate 6 to be welded come into contact and rub, and violent plastic deformation occurs under the action of the rotational force, while the welding area continues to increase; Step S 5 : The spindle 322 stops rotating, and the welding of the workpiece 5 to be welded and the steel plate 6 to be welded is completed. The telescopic rod of the rotary cylinder 3222 extends to move the elastic chuck 324 forward, and the clamp 33 releases the workpiece 5 to be welded. The gantry horizontal drive mechanism 23 and the sliding structure 31 drive the spindle box 32 and the clamp 33 to move to the next set coordinate position.

[0065] The entire welding process realizes automated control. From workpiece clamping, position adjustment to welding completion and reset, each step is precisely controlled by the control system, reducing manual intervention and improving the consistency of production efficiency and welding quality. The equipment can complete the welding task in a short time and quickly move to the next welding position, achieving continuous and efficient production. Especially in mass production, this welding method can significantly improve production efficiency.

[0066] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical friction welding device, characterized in that: include: A slide table (1) is horizontally arranged on a box-type bed (4), the slide table (1) comprising a slide plate (11) and a slide plate driving mechanism (12) installed on the lower surface of the slide plate (11) and the upper surface of the box-type bed (4), the slide plate driving mechanism (12) being suitable for driving the slide plate (11) to move along the length direction of the box-type bed (4), and a steel plate (6) to be welded is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the slide plate (11); At least one gantry (2) spanning above the slide (1), a gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23) located on the box-type bed (4) being installed at the bottom of the gantry (2), the gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23) being suitable for driving the gantry (2) to slide horizontally along the length direction of the box-type bed (4); At least one vertical welding spindle structure (3) correspondingly mounted on the gantry (2), each of the vertical welding spindle structures (3) comprising a sliding structure (31) movably arranged on the gantry (2), a spindle box (32) mounted on the sliding structure (31), and a clamp (33) mounted on the bottom end of the spindle of the spindle box (32), the sliding structure (31) being used to drive the spindle box (32) to rise and fall, and the clamp (33) being used to clamp a workpiece (5) to be welded; A control system is electrically connected to the slide plate drive mechanism (12), the gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23), the sliding structure (31) and the spindle box (32) respectively.

2. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle box (32) comprises a spindle cavity (321), a spindle (322) rotatably mounted inside the spindle cavity (321), a taper sleeve (323) connected to the front end of the spindle (322), a spindle drive wheel (326) connected to the rear end of the spindle (322), an elastic chuck (324) slidably mounted in the taper sleeve (323), and a fourth servo motor (325) mounted in the spindle cavity (321), wherein the clamp (33) is mounted on one end of the elastic chuck (324) away from the spindle (322). , one end of the elastic chuck (324) close to the main shaft (322) is connected to a pull tube (3221) installed in the main shaft (322), the pull tube (3221) is connected to a telescopic rod of a rotary oil cylinder (3222), the rotary oil cylinder (3222) is fixedly connected to the main shaft driving wheel (326), a push rod (3223) is installed in the pull tube (3221), and a pulley is installed on the output shaft of the fourth servo motor (325), and the pulley cooperates with the main shaft driving wheel (326) through a belt to drive the main shaft (322) to move; The rotary oil cylinder (3222) is connected to the main shaft drive wheel (326) via an adapter flange (32221); one side of the adapter flange (32221) is connected and fixed to the rotary oil cylinder (3222), and the other side of the adapter flange (32221) is connected and fixed to the main shaft drive wheel (326); The telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder (3222) retracts to cause the elastic clamp 324 (325) to shrink, thereby causing the clamp (33) to clamp the workpiece (5) to be welded, and the workpiece (5) to be welded abuts against the push rod (3223).

3. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the pull tube (3221) is threadedly connected to the elastic clamp 324 (325); one end of the elastic clamp 324 (325) close to the main shaft (322) is provided with an internal thread, and the end of the pull tube (3221) is provided with an external thread; The other end of the pulling tube (3221) is connected to the telescopic rod of the rotary oil cylinder (3222) via a connecting shaft (3224), and one end of the push rod (3223) away from the clamp (33) abuts against the end of the connecting shaft (3224).

4. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide plate driving mechanism (12) comprises a first linear rolling guide pair (121) fixed on the box-type bed (4), a first coupling (123), a first bearing tailstock (124), a first servo motor (122) and a first ball screw locking nut (125), a first ball screw (126) arranged between the first coupling (123) and the first bearing tailstock (124), and a first screw nut (127) threadedly connected to the first ball screw (126); The first linear rolling guide pair (121) is slidably connected to the slide plate (11) at a side close to the slide plate (11); the output shaft of the first servo motor (122) is connected to the ball screw (126) via the first coupling (123); and the first screw nut (127) is fixedly connected to the slide plate (11) via a nut seat.

5. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gantry (2) comprises a column (21) consisting of a left column (211) and a right column (212), and an upper crossbeam (22) with two ends respectively fixed to the upper ends of the left column (211) and the right column (212), and the spindle box (32) is connected to the upper crossbeam (22) via the sliding structure (31).

6. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sliding structure (31) comprises a lifting mechanism (311) mounted on the column (21) and a transverse slide plate (312) sliding on the lifting mechanism (311); the lifting mechanism (311) comprises a first lead screw drive structure (3111) vertically mounted on the column (21), a pair of first linear slide rail structures (3112) arranged in parallel, and a first cylinder support structure (3113) mounted between the column (21) and the transverse slide plate (312); the first lead screw drive structure (3111) is suitable for driving the transverse slide plate (312) to slide on the first linear slide rail structure (3112).

7. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first screw drive structure (3111) comprises a fifth servo motor (31111) vertically and invertedly mounted on the top of the column (21) via a motor mounting plate, a second ball screw (31112), a second bearing tail seat (31113) rotatably supported at both ends of the second ball screw (31112), and a sliding seat (31114) threadedly connected to the second ball screw (31112), the output shaft of the fifth servo motor (31111) being fixedly connected to one end of the second ball screw (31112) via a second coupling, and the sliding seat (31114) is fixedly connected to the transverse slide plate (312) on one side thereof close to the transverse slide plate (312); The first linear slide rail structure (3112) comprises two first linear guide rails (31121) vertically and parallelly connected to the column (21) and a plurality of third sliders (31122) slidably arranged on the first linear guide rails (31121), the two first linear guide rails (31121) being arranged in parallel on both sides of the second ball screw (31112), and the third slider (31122) being fixedly connected to the transverse slide plate (312) on one side close to the transverse slide plate (312).

8. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23) is arranged at the bottom of the left column (211) and is located inside one side in the width direction of the box-type bed (4), and the gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23) comprises a first connecting plate (231) horizontally connected to the bottom of the left column (211), a second servo motor (232) vertically and invertedly installed on the first connecting plate (231), a first gear (233) sleeved on the output shaft of the second servo motor (232), a first rack (234) installed on the box-type bed (4), and a pair of second linear slide rail structures (235) arranged in parallel between the first gear (233) and the first rack (234), the top of the second linear slide rail structure (235) is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate (231), the bottom of the second linear slide rail structure (235) is connected to the box-type bed (4), and the first gear (233) is meshedly connected to the first rack (234); The second linear slide rail structure (235) comprises a long slide rail (2351) arranged parallel to the first rack (234) and a plurality of first sliders (2352) slidably arranged on the long slide rail (2351), and the top of the first slider (2352) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the transverse slide plate (312).

9. The vertical friction welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sliding structure (31) also includes a first cylinder support structure (313), the first cylinder support structure (313) includes a cylinder mounting plate (3131) connected to one side of the column (21), a first cylinder (3132) vertically mounted on the cylinder mounting plate (3131), and a second connecting plate (3133), one side of the second connecting plate (3133) is fixedly connected to the top of the transverse slide plate (312), and the other side is connected to the top of the extension shaft of the first cylinder (3132).

10. A welding method using the vertical friction welding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes steps: Step S1: The workpiece to be welded (5) is mounted on the fixture (33), and one end of the workpiece to be welded (5) is abutted against the push rod (3223); the telescopic rod of the rotary cylinder (3222) is retracted to move the elastic clamp 324 (325) backward, driving the fixture (33) to clamp the workpiece to be welded (5), and tightening the fastening bolt to press the workpiece to be welded (5); Step S2: The steel plate (6) to be welded is fixedly mounted horizontally on the slide plate (11); when the welding position of the steel plate (6) to be welded corresponding to the workpiece (5) to be welded does not meet the requirements, the gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23) and the sliding structure (31) are started to drive the spindle box (32) and the clamp (33) to move to the set coordinate position; Step S3: starting the fourth servo motor (325) to drive the main shaft (322) to rotate, so that the workpiece (5) to be welded rotates at the same angular velocity and gradually moves forward toward the steel plate (6) to be welded to contact the steel plate (6), and preheats the steel plate (6) to be welded under the action of friction; Step S4: As the friction proceeds, the workpiece to be welded (5) and the steel plate to be welded (6) come into contact and rub against each other, and violent plastic deformation occurs under the action of the rotational force, while the welding area continues to increase; Step S5: the spindle (322) stops rotating, the welding of the workpiece (5) to be welded and the steel plate (6) to be welded is completed, the telescopic rod of the rotary cylinder (3222) extends to move the elastic chuck 324 (325) forward, the clamp (33) releases the workpiece (5) to be welded, and the gantry horizontal drive mechanism (23) and the sliding structure (31) drive the spindle box (32) and the clamp (33) to move to the next set coordinate position.

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