Complex curved surface laser rotary cutting self-adaptive drilling device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a complex curved surface laser rotary cutting self-adaptive drilling device and method.The complex curved surface laser rotary cutting self-adaptive drilling device comprises a base, a first rectangular prism and a second rectangular prism are fixed to the front side of a supporting plate through bolts, and a supporting cylinder is fixed to the front side of the supporting plate through bolts; supports are symmetrically fixed to the two inner walls of the supporting cylinder, a Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism is fixed between the two supports, and a self-adaptive adjusting control machining mechanism is fixed to the bottom of one support. According to the laser rotary-cut self-adaptive drilling device for the complex curved surface, through the efficient rotary scanning characteristic of the Dove prism, the machining mechanism is controlled through real-time monitoring and self-adaptive adjustment of the displacement detection unit, self-adaptive rotary-cut machining of the complex curved surface is achieved, the rotation speed of a laser beam is increased through rotation of the Dove prism, and the machining precision is improved. Compared with other methods, the punching efficiency is doubled, and the overall efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and specifically to a complex curved surface laser rotary cutting adaptive drilling device and method. Background Art

[0002] Due to its characteristics of high precision and non-contact processing, laser processing technology plays an increasingly important role in the field of industrial manufacturing. Especially in the field of rotary cutting and drilling, laser processing technology provides an effective solution. Laser rotary cutting and drilling is a process that uses a laser beam to rotate and cut along the surface of a material, which can create holes with high precision and high cleanliness, and is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and medical devices. This technology can handle complex shapes and materials that are difficult to achieve by traditional mechanical processing, but at the same time, it also faces challenges in processing accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] The core of laser rotary cutting and drilling technology lies in using a laser beam to locally heat the material to make it melt or evaporate, thereby forming a hole. This process usually involves high-power lasers, precise optical systems, and control systems. During the rotary cutting process, the laser beam is focused and guided to the surface of the workpiece through an optical system, and then rotates along a predetermined trajectory to achieve continuous cutting. This processing method can reduce the mechanical stress and thermal influence of the material, but it poses higher requirements for the stability, focusing accuracy, and trajectory control of the laser beam.

[0004] Although laser rotary cutting and drilling technology shows advantages in many aspects, there are still some limitations in practical applications. Especially when dealing with complex curved surfaces, it becomes extremely difficult to maintain the precise alignment between the laser focus and the processing surface. In addition, existing laser processing devices often lack real-time monitoring and adaptive adjustment functions, resulting in difficulty in maintaining consistent processing quality when facing surface changes or material inhomogeneity. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy and adaptability of laser rotary cutting and drilling, especially in the processing of complex curved surfaces, has become a key point in technological development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a complex curved surface laser rotary cutting adaptive drilling device and method, which can achieve high-precision laser rotary cutting and drilling processing of complex curved surfaces, and ensure the precise alignment between the laser focus and the processing curved surface through a real-time monitoring and adaptive adjustment mechanism.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A complex curved surface laser rotary cutting adaptive drilling device and method, including a base, on the upper end surface of the base, a support plate and a laser emitter are fixed. On the front side of the support plate, a first right-angle prism and a second right-angle prism are fixed by bolts. On the front side of the support plate, a laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism is fixed. On the front side of the support plate, a support cylinder is fixed by bolts. On the inner walls of the support cylinder, brackets are symmetrically fixed. Between the two brackets, a Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism is fixed. At the bottom of one of the brackets, an adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism is fixed.

[0007] Preferably, the laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism includes a motor, and the motor is fixed on the front side of the support plate. The output end of the motor is connected to a piezoelectric ceramic, and at the bottom of the piezoelectric ceramic, a wedge prism is fixed.

[0008] Preferably, the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism includes a stator and a rotating cylinder. The stator is fixed between the two brackets. An annular groove is opened on the inner wall of the stator. The rotating cylinder is rotatably connected in the annular groove, and on the outer side of the rotating cylinder, a rotor is fixed. Inside the rotating cylinder, a Dove prism, a first optical wedge, a second optical wedge, and a third optical wedge are fixed.

[0009] Preferably, the adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism includes an electric telescopic column, and the electric telescopic column is fixed at the bottom of one of the brackets. At the bottom of the electric telescopic column, a moving cylinder is fixed.

[0010] Preferably, inside the moving cylinder, a dynamic focusing lens and a circular position-sensitive detector are fixed. On both sides of the bottom of the moving cylinder, a CCD camera and a blowing device are respectively fixed.

[0011] A complex curved surface laser rotary cutting adaptive drilling method includes the following steps: S1. Precisely place the workpiece to be processed on the workbench and fix it stably. The laser emitter generates a laser beam with Gaussian energy distribution, and through the entire laser rotary cutting drilling device, it acts on the surface of the complex workpiece for precision processing. The laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism precisely adjusts the incident angle and azimuth of the laser beam with the surface of the workpiece to be processed. S2. The adjusted laser beam enters the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism, and the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism makes the laser beam rapidly rotate around the main optical axis to achieve circumferential cutting scanning drilling. S3. The adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism real-time monitors the laser processing process and the distance between the laser focus and the processing surface. According to the feedback signal of the real-time monitoring system, it automatically adjusts each part system of the laser rotary cutting drilling to adapt to the processing requirements of the complex surface and maintains the precise alignment of the laser focus with the processing surface.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The complex curved surface laser rotary adaptive drilling device realizes the adaptive rotary cutting of complex curved surfaces through the high-efficiency rotary scanning characteristics of the Dove prism, combined with the real-time monitoring of the displacement detection unit and the adaptive adjustment and control of the processing mechanism. The rotation of the Dove prism increases the rotation speed of the laser beam, doubling the drilling efficiency compared with other methods, and greatly improving the overall efficiency.

[0013] 2. The complex curved surface laser rotary adaptive drilling device is compact in design and easy to operate, suitable for laser processing scenarios of various complex curved surfaces, and especially performs excellently in the high-precision processing requirements in fields such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and medical devices. Through the present invention, high-precision and high-efficiency laser rotary cutting and drilling of complex curved surfaces can be realized, which has important industrial application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a front view three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a bottom view three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is a front view sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. Base; 2. Support plate; 3. Laser emitter; 4. First right-angled prism; 5. Second right-angled prism; 6. Laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism; 601. Motor; 602. Piezoelectric ceramic; 603. Wedge prism; 7. Support cylinder; 8. Bracket; 9. Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism; 901. Stator; 902. Rotating cylinder; 903. Annular groove; 904. Rotor; 905. Dove prism; 906. First optical wedge; 907. Second optical wedge; 908. Third optical wedge; 10. Adaptive adjustment and control processing mechanism; 1001. Electric telescopic column; 1002. Moving cylinder; 1003. Dynamic focusing lens; 1004. Ring-shaped position-sensitive detector; 1005. CCD camera; 1006. Blowing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] Please refer to Figures 1 - 3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a complex surface laser rotary cutting adaptive drilling device, including a base 1, a support plate 2 and a laser emitter 3 are fixed on the upper end surface of the base 1, a first right-angle prism 4 and a second right-angle prism 5 are fixed on the front side of the support plate 2 by bolts, a laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 is fixed on the front side of the support plate 2, a support cylinder 7 is fixed on the front side of the support plate 2 by bolts, brackets 8 are symmetrically fixed on the two inner walls of the support cylinder 7, a Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism 9 is fixed between the two brackets 8, and an adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism 10 is fixed at the bottom of one of the brackets 8.

[0018] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 includes a motor 601, and the motor 601 is fixed on the front side of the support plate 2. The output end of the motor 601 is connected to a piezoelectric ceramic 602, and a wedge prism 603 is fixed at the bottom of the piezoelectric ceramic 602. The piezoelectric ceramic 602 and the wedge prism 603 can rotate integrally under the action of the motor 601, which is convenient for longitudinally rotating to adjust the angle.

[0019] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism 9 includes a stator 901 and a rotating cylinder 902. The stator 901 is fixed between the two brackets 8. An annular groove 903 is opened on the inner wall of the stator 901. The rotating cylinder 902 is rotatably connected in the annular groove 903, and a rotor 904 is fixed on the outer side of the rotating cylinder 902. A Dove prism 905, a first optical wedge 906, a second optical wedge 907 and a third optical wedge 908 are fixed on the inner side of the rotating cylinder 902. After the device is powered on, the rotor 904 rotates relative to the stator 901, and the rotating cylinder 902, the Dove prism 905, the first optical wedge 906, the second optical wedge 907 and the third optical wedge 908 rotate together with the rotor 904, which is convenient for the whole to rotate axially at high speed. The annular groove 903 plays a role in limiting the rotating cylinder 902. The first optical wedge 906, the second optical wedge 907 and the third optical wedge 908 finely adjust the rotating beam generated by the Dove prism 905 through yaw and rotation compensation to ensure the stability and uniformity of the beam.

[0020] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism 10 includes an electric telescopic column 1001, and the electric telescopic column 1001 is fixed at the bottom of one of the brackets 8. A moving cylinder 1002 is fixed at the bottom of the electric telescopic column 1001. The moving cylinder 1002 can move up and down to adjust the distance under the telescopic action of the electric telescopic column 1001.

[0021] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, a dynamic focusing lens 1003 and an annular position-sensitive detector 1004 are fixed inside the moving cylinder 1002. On both sides of the bottom of the moving cylinder 1002, a CCD camera 1005 and a blowing device 1006 are respectively fixed. The up-and-down movement of the moving cylinder 1002 can drive the dynamic focusing lens 1003, the annular position-sensitive detector 1004, the CCD camera 1005 and the blowing device 1006 to move up and down as a whole. The adjusted laser beam is focused on the surface of the workpiece by the dynamic focusing lens 1003, and high-precision rotary cutting and drilling processing starts. The CCD camera 1005 and the annular position-sensitive detector 1004 monitor the processing state in real time. The blowing device 1006 is used to provide auxiliary gas to the surface of the workpiece during the processing, which can effectively remove the slag and soot in the processing area while reducing the thermal effect, improve the processing efficiency and quality, and the pressure and flow rate of the auxiliary gas can be adjusted according to the processing requirements.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for adaptive drilling of a complex curved surface by laser turning is provided, including the following steps: S1. Precisely place the workpiece to be processed on the workbench and fix it stably. The laser emitter 3 generates a laser beam with a Gaussian energy distribution and acts on the surface of the complex workpiece through the entire laser turning and drilling device for precision processing. The laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 precisely adjusts the incident angle and azimuth of the laser beam with respect to the surface of the workpiece to be processed. S2. The adjusted laser beam enters the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism 9, and the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism 9 makes the laser beam rapidly rotate around the main optical axis to achieve circumferential cutting and scanning drilling. S3. The adaptive adjustment and control processing mechanism 10 monitors the laser processing process and the distance between the laser focus and the processing curved surface in real time. According to the feedback signal of the real-time monitoring system, it automatically adjusts each part of the laser turning and drilling system to adapt to the processing requirements of the complex curved surface and maintains the precise alignment of the laser focus with the processing curved surface.

[0023] The working principle of this device is as follows: Install the device on relevant equipment, accurately place the workpiece to be processed on the workbench, and ensure its stable fixation. Then start the device to activate the entire laser rotary cutting system. The laser emitter 3 generates a high-energy laser beam. This laser beam first passes through the laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 with the assistance of the first right-angle prism 4 and the second right-angle prism 5. The piezoelectric ceramic 602 and the wedge prism 603 can rotate longitudinally as a whole to adjust the angle. Among them, the wedge prism 603 is used to adjust the incident angle of the laser beam, and the piezoelectric ceramic 602 is used to control the wedge prism 603 to finely adjust the azimuth and angle of the laser beam to ensure that the laser beam is accurately aligned with the processing area of the workpiece. The adjusted laser beam enters the Dove prism rotary scanning mechanism 9. The rotor 904 rotates relative to the stator 901, and the rotating cylinder 902, the Dove prism 905, the first optical wedge 906, the second optical wedge 907, and the third optical wedge 908 rotate as a whole, causing the laser beam to rotate at double speed to achieve circumferential cutting scanning. The first optical wedge 906, the second optical wedge 907, and the third optical wedge 908 finely adjust the rotating beam generated by the Dove prism 905 through yaw and rotation compensation to ensure the stability and uniformity of the beam. The moving cylinder 1002, the dynamic focusing lens 1003, the annular position-sensitive detector 1004, the CCD camera 1005, and the gas blowing device 1006 can move up and down as a whole to adjust the distance. The adjusted laser beam is focused on the workpiece surface by the dynamic focusing lens 1003 to start high-precision rotary cutting and drilling processing. During the processing, the annular position-sensitive detector 1004 and the CCD camera 1005 monitor the processing status in real time, including the position of the laser focus and the processing quality of the workpiece. When it is detected that the laser focus is misaligned with the workpiece surface, the adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism 10 automatically adjusts the laser parameters of the laser emitter 3 according to the feedback signal, controls the laser incident angle and azimuth, and the position of the laser focus. In this process, the piezoelectric ceramic 602 plays a key role. By precisely controlling the translation of the mirror, the angular deflection of the beam is achieved, thereby realizing the precise control of the direction of the emitted beam. The gas blowing device 1006 is used to provide auxiliary gas to the workpiece surface during the processing. While reducing the thermal effect, it can effectively remove the slag and soot in the processing area, improving the processing efficiency and quality. The pressure and flow rate of the auxiliary gas can be adjusted according to the processing requirements. Once the processing task is completed, the entire laser rotary cutting system automatically stops working, which includes turning off the laser emitter 3, stopping the rotation of the Dove prism 905, and turning off the monitoring system. Subsequently, the processed workpiece can be inspected and subjected to subsequent processing. And the content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0024] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A complex curved surface laser peeling adaptive drilling device, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A support plate (2) and a laser emitter (3) are fixed to the upper end surface of the base (1); a first right-angle prism (4) and a second right-angle prism (5) are fixed to the front side of the support plate (2) by bolts; a laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism (6) is fixed to the front side of the support plate (2); a support tube (7) is fixed to the front side of the support plate (2) by bolts; brackets (8) are symmetrically fixed on the two inner walls of the support tube (7); a Dove prism rotation scanning mechanism (9) is fixed between the two brackets (8); and an adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism (10) is fixed to the bottom of one of the brackets (8).

2. The complex surface laser peeling adaptive drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism (6) comprises a motor (601), and the motor (601) is fixed on the front side of the support plate (2), the output end of the motor (601) is connected to the piezoelectric ceramic (602), and a wedge-shaped prism (603) is fixed at the bottom of the piezoelectric ceramic (602).

3. The complex surface laser peeling adaptive drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dove prism rotating scanning mechanism (9) comprises a stator (901) and a rotating drum (902), wherein the stator (901) is fixed between two brackets (8), an annular groove (903) is provided on the inner wall of the stator (901), the rotating drum (902) is rotatably connected in the annular groove (903), a rotor (904) is fixed on the outer side of the rotating drum (902), and a dove prism (905), a first optical wedge (906), a second optical wedge (907), and a third optical wedge (908) are fixed on the inner side of the rotating drum (902).

4. The complex surface laser peeling adaptive drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism (10) comprises an electric telescopic column (1001), and the electric telescopic column (1001) is fixed to the bottom of one of the brackets (8), and a moving cylinder (1002) is fixed to the bottom of the electric telescopic column (1001).

5. The complex surface laser peeling adaptive drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A dynamic focusing lens (1003) and a circular position-sensitive detector (1004) are fixed on the inner side of the moving cylinder (1002), and a CCD camera (1005) and an air blowing device (1006) are respectively fixed on both sides of the bottom of the moving cylinder (1002).

6. A method for adaptive drilling of complex curved surface by laser peeling, applied to a device for adaptive drilling of complex curved surface by laser peeling as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The workpiece to be processed is accurately placed on the workbench and fixed stably. The laser emitter (3) generates a laser beam with Gaussian energy distribution, and the entire laser rotary cutting and drilling device acts on the surface of the complex workpiece for precision processing. The laser incident azimuth adjustment mechanism (6) accurately adjusts the incident angle and azimuth of the laser beam and the surface of the workpiece to be processed; S2, the adjusted laser beam enters the dove prism rotating scanning mechanism (9), and the dove prism rotating scanning mechanism (9) causes the laser beam to rotate rapidly around the main optical axis to achieve circular scanning drilling; S3, the adaptive adjustment control processing mechanism (10) monitors the laser processing process and the distance between the laser focus and the processing surface in real time, and automatically adjusts the various parts of the laser rotary cutting and drilling system according to the feedback signal of the real-time monitoring system to adapt to the processing requirements of the complex surface and maintain the precise alignment of the laser focus and the processing surface.

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