Ecological treatment and utilization method for animal waste in livestock farm

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological treatment and utilization method for animal waste in a livestock farm, and particularly relates to the technical field of chicken manure treatment. The ecological treatment and utilization method for the animal manure in the livestock farm comprises the following steps: S1, collecting fresh chicken manure: when the fresh chicken manure is collected, the fresh chicken manure is prevented from being mixed with other wastes so as to ensure the fermentation purity and quality; s2, selecting a composting place: selecting a composting area with good ventilation to reduce peculiar smell; s3, carbon source mixing: chicken manure is mixed with 50%-60% of a carbon source, such as hay, sawdust and straw, so that carbon-nitrogen balance can be provided, and the fermentation process is accelerated. According to the ecological treatment and utilization method for the animal manure in the livestock farm, the decomposition process of organic matters in the chicken manure can be accelerated by accurately controlling the humidity and the temperature and increasing oxygen supply, the fermentation period can be shortened, and the treatment capacity can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of chicken manure treatment, and particularly to an ecological treatment and utilization method for animal manure in a farm. Background Art

[0002] In modern chicken farming, the treatment and utilization of chicken manure have always been important environmental protection and resource recovery issues. Untreated animal manure not only pollutes the environment but also wastes the organic matter and nutrients in it. Traditional manure treatment methods such as direct composting or anaerobic fermentation can, to a certain extent, solve the problem, but the fermentation process takes a long time, up to several months, and the manure produces a strong odor during the fermentation process, polluting the surrounding environment.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an ecological treatment and utilization method for animal manure in a farm to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological treatment and utilization method for animal manure in a farm, which can accelerate the decomposition process of organic matter in chicken manure by precisely controlling humidity and temperature and increasing oxygen supply, helping to shorten the fermentation cycle and improve the treatment capacity.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An ecological treatment and utilization method for animal manure in a farm, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Collect fresh chicken manure: When collecting fresh chicken manure, avoid mixing it with other wastes to ensure the purity and quality of fermentation.

[0008] S2: Select a composting site: Select a well-ventilated composting area to reduce odors;

[0009] S3: Carbon source mixing: Mix the chicken manure with 50%-60% of a carbon source, such as hay, wood chips, straw, etc., which can provide a carbon-nitrogen balance and accelerate the fermentation process;

[0010] S4: Install sensors: Insert a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor every 1-2 meters on the mixed manure pile. The depth of insertion of the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor into the mixed manure pile shall not be less than half of the height of the mixed manure pile. The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are connected to a control host through wires, and the detected temperature and humidity are displayed in real time on the control host;

[0011] S5: Build a ventilation system and a sealed roof: The ventilation system provides air into the interior of the mixed manure pile, promotes microbial activity, improves the fermentation efficiency, and shortens the fermentation cycle;

[0012] S6: Monitor and control humidity and temperature in real time: The humidity of the mixture pile in the first month is controlled at 50%-60%. The humidity in this range can provide a good living environment for microorganisms, which is conducive to the reproduction and activity maintenance of microorganisms. These microorganisms are responsible for decomposing organic matter into inorganic matter during the fermentation process. Under the humidity condition of 50%-60%, the soluble organic matter in chicken manure is more easily utilized by microorganisms, thus accelerating its decomposition process and improving the fermentation efficiency. Appropriate humidity can ensure that the chicken manure maintains good looseness during the fermentation process, improve the air permeability of the material, contribute to the penetration of oxygen, and achieve aerobic fermentation. The temperature of the mixture pile is controlled at 50°C-70°C. This temperature can promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, which are responsible for decomposing the organic matter in chicken manure. Within this temperature range, the microbial activity is the highest, and the organic matter can be efficiently converted into humus. Especially when the temperature exceeds 60°C, the pathogenic microorganisms and eggs in chicken manure can be effectively killed, thereby reducing the spread of diseases and improving the safety of fertilizers. Under the temperature condition of 50°C-70°C, the soluble organic matter in chicken manure is more easily utilized by microorganisms, thus accelerating its decomposition process and improving the fermentation efficiency;

[0013] After one month of fermentation, the air humidity is no longer increased, and the air in the mixture pile is allowed to naturally decrease;

[0014] S7: Fermentation completion: Judge whether the fermentation is completed through the indicators of the temperature drop of the mixture pile, the change of smell (reduction of odor), and the appearance (dark brown or black loose substance).

[0015] Preferably, the ventilation system includes an air inlet pipe, a plurality of connecting pipes, a plurality of blowing members, an air pump, and a regulating valve. The air inlet pipe is connected to the air pump, and the regulating valve is installed on the air inlet pipe. The connecting pipes are used to connect two adjacent blowing members. A plurality of the blowing members are all inserted into the mixture pile to provide air to the inside of the mixture pile, so that the mixture pile of chicken manure can fully contact with oxygen during the fermentation process, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.

[0016] Preferably, the blowing member includes a middle pipe and two side pipes. The middle pipe and the two side pipes are both connected through a connecting sleeve. One or more insertion pipes are installed on the middle pipe and the side pipes. A plurality of small holes are opened on the insertion pipes. The insertion pipes are inserted into the mixture pile. When air is provided to the mixture pile, the air inside the connecting pipe first enters the middle pipe, then enters the two side pipes through the middle pipe, and then enters the insertion pipes, and finally enters the mixture pile through the small holes. A three-way connector is installed at the top of the middle pipe. The three-way connector is used to connect two connecting pipes and communicate with one middle pipe at the same time.

[0017] Preferably, the connecting pipe 2 is a flexible hose which can be bent, so that the distance between the two blowing members 3 can be adjusted according to the actual situation, thereby changing the input density of air and improving the efficiency and quality of the fermentation of the mixture pile.

[0018] Preferably, an air humidifier is provided at the inlet of the air pump. The air humidifier is used to increase the air humidity. When the humidity inside the mixture pile decreases, the air humidifier is turned on to increase the humidity of the air at the inlet of the air pump. The air with higher humidity will enter the mixture through the air pump, the inlet pipe, the connecting pipe and the blowing member, increasing the humidity of the mixture pile and thus ensuring the quality of fermentation.

[0019] Preferably, the sealed ceiling is a transparent plastic film. The transparent ceiling facilitates personnel to observe the appearance of the mixture pile, so as to more accurately judge whether the fermentation of the mixture pile is completed. During installation, the sides are pressed with soil for fixation and sealing. When the internal air increases, it will expand to prevent the odor from overflowing into the atmosphere and polluting the environment. An outlet pipe is installed at one end, and the outlet pipe is connected to a catalytic tower. The catalytic tower is used to catalyze the waste gas generated during the fermentation of chicken manure. The waste gas mainly includes hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the catalytic oxidation tower, highly oxidizing gases such as oxygen are fully mixed with the waste gas, and an oxidation reaction occurs under the action of a catalyst to convert the harmful gas into harmless or low-toxic substances; sulfur-containing VOCs are oxidized into sulfates under the action of a catalyst, and other organic substances are mineralized into carbon dioxide and water. The catalytic tower is connected to a biological filter. The material filled in the biological filter provides a surface for the attachment and growth of microorganisms; in the biological filter, the microorganisms metabolize the gas output from the catalytic tower as energy and nutrients and convert it into harmless substances; the biological filter is connected to a water pool. After treatment, the gas enters the water pool, and some soluble components in the gas such as ammonia are absorbed and removed by the water through contact.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) By precisely controlling the humidity and temperature and increasing the oxygen supply, the present invention accelerates the decomposition process of organic matter in chicken manure, helps to shorten the fermentation cycle and improve the treatment capacity, thereby treating chicken manure in a short time.

[0022] (2) Through the design of the sealed ceiling and the ventilation system, the present invention effectively reduces the emission of odor and waste gas during the fermentation process. In addition, the use of the catalytic tower and the biological filter further converts harmful gases into harmless or low-toxic substances, reducing environmental pollution.

[0023] (3) By installing temperature sensors and humidity sensors and monitoring the temperature and humidity inside the mixture pile in real time, the present invention realizes the automatic control of the fermentation process, avoids parameter fluctuations caused by human factors, and ensures the stability and controllability of the fermentation process;

[0024] (4) The appropriate fermentation humidity, temperature and oxygen supply of the present invention contribute to improving the quality of the final organic fertilizer. The fermented fertilizer is rich in nutrients required by plants and contains a certain amount of beneficial microorganisms, which has a positive effect on improving the soil and promoting crop growth;

[0025] (5) The ventilation system of the present invention is convenient to operate. The use of a hose connection enables the adjustment of the distance between the blowing structures, thereby realizing the adjustment of the air input density. The blowing component adopts a split structure, which is convenient for insertion and removal, improving the operability and adaptability of the system;

[0026] (6) Through components such as an air humidifier and a regulating valve, the present invention can adjust the air flow and humidity according to the real-time conditions inside the mixture pile, thereby optimizing the fermentation environment and ensuring the fermentation quality. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the ecological treatment and utilization method of animal feces in a farm provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealed ceiling;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the ventilation system and the mixture pile;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the blowing component;

[0031] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an enlarged view of part A in

[0032] Figure 6 is an exploded view of the blowing component.

[0033] Among them, the names corresponding to the reference numerals are: 1 - intake pipe, 2 - connecting pipe, 3 - blowing component, 31 - middle pipe, 32 - side pipe, 33 - connecting sleeve, 34 - insertion pipe, 35 - tee joint, 4 - sealed ceiling, 5 - outlet pipe. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention include but are not limited to the following examples.

[0035] As Figures 1-6As shown in the figure, the present invention provides an ecological treatment and utilization method for animal feces in a farm, including the following steps:

[0036] S1: Collect fresh chicken manure: When collecting fresh chicken manure, avoid mixing it with other waste materials to ensure the purity and quality of fermentation.

[0037] S2: Select a composting site: Select a well-ventilated composting area to reduce odors;

[0038] S3: Carbon source mixing: Mix the chicken manure with 50%-60% carbon source, such as hay, wood chips, straw, etc., which can provide a carbon-nitrogen balance and accelerate the fermentation process;

[0039] S4: Install sensors: Insert a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor every 1-2 meters on the mixed manure pile. The depth of insertion of the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor into the mixed manure pile shall not be less than half of the height of the mixed manure pile. The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are connected to the control host through wires, and the detected temperature and humidity are displayed in real time on the control host;

[0040] S5: Build a ventilation system and a sealed roof: The ventilation system provides air into the mixed manure pile, promotes microbial activities, improves fermentation efficiency, and shortens the fermentation cycle;

[0041] Promote microbial activities

[0042] Increase the supply of oxidants: Increasing the amount of oxygen can provide more oxidants, promoting the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms. These microorganisms are responsible for decomposing the organic matter in the chicken manure and converting it into humus.

[0043] Accelerate the reproduction of bacterial strains: Under aerobic conditions, microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, and cellulose-decomposing bacteria can reproduce more effectively and secrete various enzymes to decompose organic matter.

[0044] Improve fermentation efficiency

[0045] Accelerate the decomposition of organic matter: Sufficient oxygen can accelerate the oxidation and decomposition of organic matter in the chicken manure, making the fermentation process more efficient. This not only improves the quality of the fertilizer but also enables the treatment of a large amount of chicken manure in a short time.

[0046] Reduce the fermentation cycle: Due to the acceleration of the oxidation reaction, the easily decomposable substances in the chicken manure can be converted into humus faster, thus significantly shortening the entire fermentation cycle.

[0047] Shorten the fermentation cycle

[0048] High-temperature sterilization: Increasing the amount of oxygen will cause the fermentation temperature to rise sharply, sometimes even exceeding 60°C. Such high temperatures help kill the germs and eggs in the chicken manure, thus reducing the content of harmful substances in the later stage of fermentation.

[0049] Reducing humidity: High temperature also accelerates the evaporation of moisture, making the fermented material dry faster and avoiding affecting the fermentation quality due to excessive humidity.

[0050] The sealed ceiling is used to seal the mixture pile, so that the odor generated by the mixture pile will not escape to the outside and pollute the air.

[0051] S6: Monitor and control humidity and temperature in real time: The humidity of the mixture pile in the first month is controlled at 50%-60%. The humidity in this range can provide a good living environment for microorganisms, which is conducive to the reproduction and activity maintenance of microorganisms. These microorganisms are responsible for decomposing organic matter into inorganic matter during the fermentation process. Under the humidity condition of 50%-60%, the soluble organic matter in chicken manure is more easily utilized by microorganisms, thus accelerating its decomposition process and improving the fermentation efficiency. Appropriate humidity can ensure that the chicken manure maintains good looseness during the fermentation process, improve the air permeability of the material, contribute to the penetration of oxygen, and achieve aerobic fermentation. The temperature of the mixture pile is controlled at 50°C-70°C. This temperature can promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, which are responsible for decomposing the organic matter in chicken manure. Within this temperature range, the microbial activity is the highest, and the organic matter can be efficiently converted into humus. Especially when the temperature exceeds 60°C, it can effectively kill the pathogenic microorganisms and eggs in chicken manure, thereby reducing the spread of diseases and improving the safety of fertilizers. Under the temperature condition of 50°C-70°C, the soluble organic matter in chicken manure is more easily utilized by microorganisms, thus accelerating its decomposition process and improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0052] The temperature sensor and humidity sensor monitor the temperature and humidity inside the mixture pile in real time, avoiding excessive or too low temperature and humidity. Through the ventilation system, it can prevent the inactivation of beneficial microorganisms caused by too high temperature (exceeding 70°C) during the fermentation process, or slow fermentation caused by too low temperature (lower than 50°C).

[0053] Within the appropriate temperature range, the fermentation cycle can be shortened and the treatment capacity can be improved. For example, alternating between the mesophilic (50°C-60°C) and thermophilic (60°C-70°C) stages can not only quickly decompose organic matter but also kill pathogens.

[0054] Excessive humidity: Excessive humidity will cause the gaps in the fermented material to be filled with water, hinder air circulation, and easily create a local anaerobic environment. This will inhibit the growth of aerobic microorganisms, slow down the decomposition rate of organic matter, and affect the overall fermentation process. At the same time, pathogenic microorganisms are prone to breed in a high-humidity environment, increasing the risk of diseases.

[0055] Too low humidity: Too low humidity can cause the fermented materials to be overly dry, which is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Due to the lack of sufficient moisture, the microbial activity is inhibited, and it is difficult to effectively decompose organic substances. In addition, the dry environment may also cause the fermented materials to cake, further affecting the fermentation effect.

[0056] After one month of fermentation, the air humidity is no longer increased, and the air in the mixed material pile is allowed to naturally decrease.

[0057] S7: Fermentation completion: It is judged whether the fermentation is completed through the indicators of the temperature drop of the mixed material pile, the change of smell (reduction of odor), and the appearance (dark brown or black loose substance). Generally, the fermentation is completely completed in about 2 months.

[0058] Specifically, the ventilation system includes an air inlet pipe 1, a plurality of connecting pipes 2, a plurality of blowing members 3, an air pump (not shown in the figure), and a regulating valve (not shown in the figure). The air inlet pipe 1 is connected to the air pump, the regulating valve is installed on the air inlet pipe 1, the connecting pipes 2 are used to connect two adjacent blowing members 3, and a plurality of the blowing members 3 are all inserted into the mixed material pile to supply air to the inside of the mixed material pile, so that the mixed material pile of chicken manure can fully contact with oxygen during the fermentation process, improving the fermentation efficiency. When in use, the air pump transports air through the regulating valve into the air inlet pipe 1, and the air enters the inside of the blowing members 3 through the air inlet pipe 1 and a plurality of connecting pipes 2.

[0059] The air blowing member 3 includes an intermediate pipe 31 and two side pipes 32. The intermediate pipe 31 is connected to both of the two side pipes 32 through a connecting sleeve 33. One or more insertion pipes 34 are installed on both the intermediate pipe 31 and the side pipes 32. A plurality of small holes are formed in the insertion pipes 34. The insertion pipes 34 are inserted into the mixture pile. When air is supplied to the mixture pile, the air inside the connecting pipe 2 first enters the intermediate pipe 31, then enters the two side pipes 32 through the intermediate pipe 31, and then enters the insertion pipes 34, and finally enters the mixture pile through the small holes. A tee joint 35 is installed at the top of the intermediate pipe 31. The tee joint 35 is used to connect the two connecting pipes 2 and is simultaneously connected to one intermediate pipe 31. During use, first insert the two side sections into the mixture pile respectively, and then insert the intermediate section 31 into the mixture pile. Connect the intermediate section 31 and the side section 32 through the connecting sleeve 33. The air blowing member 3 is provided in a split type, which is convenient for it to be inserted into the mixture pile. If it is an integral type, then in addition to the vertically downward insertion pipes 34, the other insertion pipes 34 will encounter greater resistance when inserted into the mixture pile, resulting in difficulty in inserting into the appropriate position. However, for the split type, when inserting, the resistance is smaller and it can easily be inserted into the appropriate position. Similarly, when disassembling, it is also easier to disassemble compared to the integral structure. Because after the chicken manure ferments, the mixture pile will harden, and for the integral type, it needs to be forcibly pulled out, which is likely to cause the insertion pipes 34 to bend or even break.

[0060] During the above process, the air flow rate should generally be maintained at 0.5 - 1.5 times the volume of the compost per hour. Suppose the volume of a compost is 10 cubic meters, then the air volume introduced per hour is 5 - 15 cubic meters, generally maintained at 10 cubic meters per hour. If the temperature is too high (exceeding 65°C), then increase the air flow rate; if the smell is pungent, the ventilation volume also needs to be appropriately increased, but the maximum does not exceed 15 cubic meters per hour. By monitoring and adjusting the fermentation temperature in real time, it can ensure that the temperature of the materials is uniform throughout the fermentation process and avoid affecting the fermentation process due to temperature fluctuations.

[0061] The connecting pipe 2 is a flexible pipe, and the flexible pipe can be bent, so that the distance between the two air blowing members 3 can be adjusted according to the actual situation, thereby changing the input density of air to improve the fermentation efficiency and quality of the mixture pile.

[0062] An air humidifier is provided at the inlet of the air pump. The air humidifier is used to increase the air humidity. When the humidity inside the mixture pile decreases, turn on the air humidifier to increase the humidity of the air at the inlet of the air pump. The air with higher humidity will enter the mixture through the air pump, the intake pipe 1, the connecting pipe 2, and the air blowing member 3, increasing the humidity of the mixture pile, thereby ensuring the fermentation quality.

[0063] The sealed ceiling 4 is a transparent plastic film, a transparent ceiling that facilitates personnel to observe the appearance of the mixture pile, so as to more accurately judge whether the fermentation of the mixture pile is completed. During installation, the sides are pressed with soil for fixation and sealing. When the internal air increases, it will expand to prevent the odor from overflowing into the atmosphere and polluting the environment. One end of it is equipped with an air outlet pipe 5, and the air outlet pipe 5 is connected to the catalytic tower. The catalytic tower is used to catalyze the waste gas generated during the chicken manure fermentation process. The waste gas mainly includes hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the catalytic oxidation tower, highly oxidizing gases such as oxygen are fully mixed with the waste gas and undergo an oxidation reaction under the action of catalysts (such as manganese oxide (MnO 2 ), cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 )). This process converts harmful gases into harmless or low-toxic substances. For example, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized into sulfate under the action of the catalyst, ammonia can be oxidized into nitrogen and water, sulfur-containing VOCs (VOCs include dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methyl mercaptan) are oxidized into sulfate under the action of the catalyst, and other organic substances are mineralized into carbon dioxide and water. The catalytic tower is connected to the biological filter. The materials filled in the biological filter (such as wood chips, compost, etc.) provide a surface for microorganisms to attach and grow. These materials not only provide a large surface area but also provide rich nutrients for microorganisms. In the biological filter, microorganisms use the gas output from the catalytic tower as energy and nutrients for metabolism and convert it into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water. The biological filter is connected to the water pool. The treated gas enters the water pool, and through contact with water, some soluble components in the gas such as ammonia are absorbed and removed by the water. This process utilizes the good solubility of ammonia in water and can effectively remove the ammonia smell in the fermentation waste gas and the odor-causing components in the fermentation waste gas.

Claims

1. A method for ecological treatment and utilization of animal feces in farms, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Collect fresh chicken manure: When collecting fresh chicken manure, avoid mixing it with other waste materials to ensure the purity and quality of fermentation; S2: Choose a composting site: Choose a well-ventilated composting area to reduce odor; S3: Carbon source mixing: Mix chicken manure with 50%-60% carbon source to accelerate the fermentation process; S4: Install sensors: insert a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor every 1-2 meters on the mixed material pile. The insertion depth of the temperature sensor and humidity sensor into the mixed material pile shall not be less than half of the height of the mixed material pile. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are connected to the control host through wires, and the detected temperature and humidity are displayed in real time on the control host; S5: Build ventilation system and seal the roof: The ventilation system provides air to the inside of the mixed material pile to promote microbial activity, improve fermentation efficiency, and shorten the fermentation cycle; S6: Real-time monitoring and control of humidity and temperature: the humidity of the mixed pile in the first month is controlled at 50%-60%, and the temperature of the mixed pile is controlled at 50℃-70℃; After one month of fermentation, the air humidity is no longer increased, and the air in the pile of mixed materials is naturally reduced; S7: Fermentation is complete: The fermentation is complete as determined by the temperature drop in the mixed material pile, the change in odor, and the appearance indicators.

2. The method for ecological treatment and utilization of farm animal feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation system comprises an air intake pipe (1), a plurality of connecting pipes (2), a plurality of blowing components (3), an air pump and a regulating valve. The air intake pipe (1) is connected to the air pump, the regulating valve is installed on the air intake pipe (1), the connecting pipe (2) is used to connect two adjacent blowing components (3), and the plurality of blowing components (3) are all inserted into the mixed material pile to provide air to the inside of the mixed material pile.

3. The method for ecological treatment and utilization of farm animal feces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blowing member (3) comprises a middle tube (31) and two side tubes (32); the middle tube (31) and the two side tubes (32) are connected via a connecting sleeve (33); one or more inserting tubes (34) are installed on the middle tube (31) and the side tubes (32); a plurality of small holes are provided on the inserting tubes (34); a three-way connector (35) is installed on the top of the middle tube (31); the three-way connector (35) is used to connect the two connecting tubes (2) and is connected to one middle tube (31) at the same time.

4. The method for ecological treatment and utilization of farm animal feces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (2) is a hose, and the hose can be bent.

5. The method for ecological treatment and utilization of farm animal feces according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air humidifier is arranged at the inlet of the air pump, and the air humidifier is used to increase the humidity of the air.

6. The method for ecological treatment and utilization of farm animal feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed ceiling (4) is a transparent plastic film, one end of which is provided with an air outlet pipe (5), the air outlet pipe (5) is connected to a catalytic tower, the catalytic tower is connected to a biofilter, and the biofilter is connected to a water pool.

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