Jerusalem artichoke straw decomposition method and method for preparing fertilizer from decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw

Abstract

The invention relates to a jerusalem artichoke straw decomposition method and a method for preparing a fertilizer from decomposed jerusalem artichoke straws, and the jerusalem artichoke straw decomposition method is characterized by comprising the following steps: crushing jerusalem artichoke straws into small segments of 0.5-1.5 cm, adding microorganisms, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, turning once every 12-24 hours, totally turning for 7-14 times, sealing and packaging the turned jerusalem artichoke straws, and storing for 40-70 days to obtain the decomposed jerusalem artichoke straws. The rotten jerusalem artichoke straw prepared by the invention is applied to preparation of fertilizer and has relatively good fertilizer efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for composting Jerusalem artichoke straws and a method for preparing fertilizer by composting Jerusalem artichoke straws. Background Art

[0002] Jerusalem artichoke, also known as Jerusalem artichoke and devil ginger, is a plant of the genus Helianthus in the Asteraceae family. It is drought-resistant and salt-alkali-tolerant, and is therefore often used in soil management. Gansu has an arid and semi-arid climate. Due to the evaporation of water, the salt in the ground rises under the action of capillary absorption, causing the soil to become salinized. At the same time, due to the dry climate, little precipitation, and strong winds, some lands have become desertified and are no longer suitable for the cultivation of grain crops. Jerusalem artichokes are drought-resistant and salt-tolerant and can be planted on saline-alkali and desert-prone soils, and have the function of improving the soil. Therefore, Jerusalem artichokes are widely planted in Gansu.

[0003] Jerusalem artichoke stalks are 1 to 3 meters tall and have a high yield, and are usually used as feed. However, the Jerusalem artichoke growing areas are sparsely populated because the soil is not suitable for growing food crops. Livestock alone cannot consume such a large amount of Jerusalem artichoke stalks. Jerusalem artichoke stalks are also a low value-added product, and long-distance transportation is not cost-effective.

[0004] In terms of soil improvement, relying solely on planting Jerusalem artichokes has the problem of a long improvement time. Jerusalem artichoke straw contains a large amount of organic matter and can be used for soil improvement. However, although crushing the Jerusalem artichoke straw and returning it directly to the field can improve the soil, the hydrophobicity of the Jerusalem artichoke straw affects the sinking of water and thus affects the growth of crops.

[0005] In addition, Jerusalem artichoke straw contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are difficult to degrade naturally. The further hydrolysis of organic matter requires water, and Gansu has an arid and semi-arid climate and lacks water, which further affects the hydrolysis of the Jerusalem artichoke straw returned to the field. Undegraded Jerusalem artichoke straw will form small organic particles that are difficult to degrade in the soil, namely microplastics, which adhere to the surface of the root system, thereby affecting the growth and yield of the plant, which is specifically manifested as a decrease in yield.

[0006] Currently, there are no better products and methods for returning Jerusalem artichoke straw to fields in arid and semi-arid areas to improve soil, influence plant growth, and influence crop yield. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention provides a method for composting Jerusalem artichoke straw and a method for preparing fertilizer by composting Jerusalem artichoke straw, and solves the technical problem of returning Jerusalem artichoke straw to fields in arid and semi-arid areas to improve soil, affect plant growth, and affect crop yield.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A Jerusalem artichoke straw composting method is carried out according to the following steps: Crush the Jerusalem artichoke straw into small sections of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm; Add microorganisms; Adjust the moisture content to 60% - 70%; Turn the pile; Seal and pack the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw and store it for 40 - 70 days to obtain the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw; The microorganisms contain white rot fungi.

[0009] The pile turning is carried out once every 12 - 24 hours, and the pile is turned 7 - 14 times in total.

[0010] The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungi is 100:0.01 - 0.2; The addition of microorganisms is to add white rot fungi to water, mix well, and add it in a spray manner; The mass ratio of white rot fungi to water is 1:100 - 600.

[0011] The microorganisms also contain inulin; The mass ratio of inulin to white rot fungi in the microorganisms is 1 - 5:95 - 99; The mass ratio of microorganisms to Jerusalem artichoke straw is 100:0.01 - 0.2; The addition of microorganisms is to add microorganisms to water, mix well, and add it in a spray manner; The mass ratio of microorganisms to water is 1:100 - 600.

[0012] The method for preparing fertilizer from the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: Mix the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw and auxiliary materials into the fertilizer raw materials to obtain the fertilizer; The mass ratio of the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, auxiliary materials and fertilizer raw materials is 5 - 100:0 - 95:0 - 95; The auxiliary materials are one or more of bentonite, humic acid and attapulgite; The fertilizer raw materials are one or more of potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and monoammonium phosphate.

[0013] It also includes granulation; The fertilizer is one or more of organic-inorganic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer.

[0014] The invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1) The addition of white rot fungi in this application is beneficial to the degradation of Jerusalem artichoke straw. Further, it is sealed and packed for anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, so that the prepared decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw can be returned to the field, which can not only improve the soil, but also have no impact on the roots of crops, does not affect the growth of crops, and does not affect the crop yield; No additional lactic acid bacteria are added in this application, and the natural lactic acid bacteria on the Jerusalem artichoke straw are utilized.

[0015] 2) After adding white rot fungi to this application, turning the pile is carried out, and the pile is turned every 12 - 24 hours, with a total of 7 - 14 turnings. This is because white rot fungi are aerobic bacteria, and turning the pile enables white rot fungi to complete colonization on Jerusalem artichoke straw and fully exert their functions.

[0016] 3) In this application, inulin is contained in the white rot fungi, and the usage method is to add the white rot fungi to water, mix well, and add it in a spray manner. The purpose is to colonize the white rot fungi on Jerusalem artichoke straw through inulin. At the same time, it is beneficial to the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria after sealing. Thus, the prepared decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw can be returned to the field, which can not only improve the soil but also have no impact on the roots of crops, without affecting crop growth and crop yield. Detailed implementation mode

[0017] To better understand the above - mentioned technical solution, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with preferred examples. Example 1

[0018] A method for decomposing Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps. The Jerusalem artichoke straw is crushed into small sections of 0.5 cm - 1.5 cm to obtain crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. The white rot fungi are added to water according to a mass ratio of 1:300 and mixed well to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is sprayed onto the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw by spraying to obtain fungus - treated crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. The water content of the fungus - treated crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw is adjusted to 65% to obtain water - adjusted straw. The water - adjusted straw is turned every 24 hours, with a total of 7 turnings, to obtain turned Jerusalem artichoke straw. The turned Jerusalem artichoke straw is sealed and packed and stored for 65 days to obtain decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw.

[0019] The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungi is 100:0.03. A method for preparing fertilizer from decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: The decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, bentonite, and ammonium sulfate are mixed evenly according to a mass ratio of 60:30:10 and granulated to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0020] The white rot fungi are purchased from Shanghai Microbial Preservation Center, with the number SHMCC D11579. Example 2

[0021] A method for decomposing Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps. The Jerusalem artichoke straw is crushed into small sections of 0.5 cm - 1.5 cm to obtain crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. The microorganism is added to water according to a mass ratio of 1:300 and mixed well to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution is sprayed onto the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw by spraying to obtain fungus - treated crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. Adjust the moisture content of the Jerusalem artichoke straw after bacteria inoculation and pulverization to 65%. Turn the pile every 24 hours for a total of 7 times to obtain the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw. Seal and pack the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw and store it for 65 days to obtain the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw.

[0022] The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungus is 100:0.03. The microorganism is a composition with a mass ratio of inulin to white rot fungus of 2:98. A method for preparing fertilizer from decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: Mix the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, bentonite, and ammonium sulfate in a mass ratio of 60:30:10 and granulate to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0023] The white rot fungus is purchased from the Shanghai Center for Preservation of Microorganisms, No. SHMCC D11579. Example 3

[0024] A method for decomposing Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: Crush the Jerusalem artichoke straw into small sections of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm to obtain crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. Adjust the moisture content of the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw to 68% to obtain water-adjusted straw. Add white rot fungus to water in a mass ratio of 1:300 and mix well to obtain a mixed solution. Spray the mixed solution onto the water-adjusted straw to obtain bacteria-inoculated and crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. Turn the pile of bacteria-inoculated and crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw every 24 hours for a total of 10 times to obtain the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw. Seal and pack the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw and store it for 60 days to obtain the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw.

[0025] The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungus is 100:0.04. A method for preparing fertilizer from decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: Mix the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 40:20:20:20 and granulate to obtain organic-inorganic fertilizer.

[0026] The white rot fungus is purchased from the Shanghai Center for Preservation of Microorganisms, No. SHMCC D82075.

[0027] Example 4 A method for decomposing Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: Crush the Jerusalem artichoke straw into small sections of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm to obtain crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. Adjust the moisture content of the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw to 68% to obtain water-adjusted straw. Mix the microorganism with water at a mass ratio of 1:300 to obtain a mixed solution, and spray the mixed solution onto the water-adjusted straw by spraying to obtain the straw of Jerusalem artichoke with bacteria and crushed. Turn the straw of Jerusalem artichoke with bacteria and crushed every 24 hours, and turn it 10 times in total to obtain the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw. Seal and pack the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw and store it for 60 days to obtain the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw. The microorganism is a composition with a mass ratio of inulin and white rot fungus of 1:99.

[0028] The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungus is 100:0.04. The method for preparing fertilizer from the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps: Mix the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, bentonite, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate at a mass ratio of 40:20:20:20 and granulate to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0029] The white rot fungus is purchased from Shanghai Microbial Preservation Center, No. SHMCC D82075.

[0030] Example 5 A method for decomposing Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps Crush the Jerusalem artichoke straw into small sections of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm to obtain the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw. Adjust the moisture content of the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw to 62% to obtain the water-adjusted straw. Mix the microorganism with water at a mass ratio of 1:400 to obtain a mixed solution, and spray the mixed solution onto the water-adjusted straw by spraying to obtain the straw of Jerusalem artichoke with bacteria and crushed. Turn the straw of Jerusalem artichoke with bacteria and crushed every 24 hours, and turn it 12 times in total to obtain the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw. Seal and pack the turned Jerusalem artichoke straw and store it for 52 days to obtain the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw. The microorganism is a composition with a mass ratio of inulin and white rot fungus of 3:97.

[0031] The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungus is 100:0.08. The method for preparing fertilizer from the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw is carried out according to the following steps Mix the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and Bacillus subtilis at a mass ratio of 35:20:15:10:19:1 and granulate to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0032] The white rot fungus is purchased from Shanghai Microbial Preservation Center, No. SHMCC D82075.

[0033] Note: In this application, the Jerusalem artichoke straw is crushed into small sections of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm, rather than a specific value. This is because the Jerusalem artichoke straw is tough and cannot be crushed into sections of the same length during crushing, so it can only be within a range.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention will be further illustrated below in combination with experimental data: Experiment 1 1.1 Test site: Gansu Smart Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center.

[0035] 1.2 Experimental detection: water absorption rate (%), acid detergent fiber (%), neutral detergent fiber (%), acid detergent lignin (%) and seed germination index (GI); the Jerusalem artichoke variety is Jijuyuan 1.

[0036] 1.3 Test materials: blank (except that white rot fungi are not added, and the others are the same as in Example 1), Comparison 1 (except that white rot fungi are replaced with Bacillus subtilis, and the others are the same as in Example 1. Bacillus subtilis is purchased from Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center, No. SHMCC D81245), Comparison 2 (except that white rot fungi are replaced with yeast, and the others are the same as in Example 1. Yeast is purchased from Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center, No. SHMCC D21475), Comparison 3 (except that it is directly sealed and packed without turning the pile, and the others are the same as in Example 1), the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straws prepared in Examples 1 to 5, and the initial (crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw).

[0037] 1.4 Detection methods: water absorption rate (%) is measured by the gravimetric method; acid detergent fiber is carried out according to the standard of NY / T 1459-2007; neutral detergent fiber (%) is carried out according to the standard of GB / T 20806-2006; acid detergent lignin is carried out according to the standard of GB / T 20805-2006; seed germination index (GI) is carried out according to the standard of NY / T 525-2021, and the selected seeds are lettuce seeds.

[0038] The pH of the leaching solution for the seed germination index test is 6.8.

[0039] In this experiment, except for different experimental treatments, other operations are the same.

[0040] 2 Results and analysis Water absorption rate (%), denoted as SW, dry matter (%), denoted as DM, acid detergent fiber (%), denoted as ADF, neutral detergent fiber (%), denoted as NDF, acid detergent lignin (%), denoted as ADL, and seed germination index (GI), and each test data is based on dry basis, as shown in Table 1 Table 1

[0041] Blank in Table 1 (except that white-rot fungi were not added, and the others were the same as in Example 1), Comparative Example 1 (except that white-rot fungi were replaced with Bacillus subtilis, and the others were the same as in Example 1. Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center with the number SHMCC D81245), Comparative Example 2 (except that white-rot fungi were replaced with yeast, and the others were the same as in Example 1. Yeast was purchased from Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center with the number SHMCC D21475). By comparing the data of Example 1, it can be seen that the composted Jerusalem artichoke straw prepared in Example 1 using white-rot fungi has better water absorption, better degradation effect, and better performance in terms of seed germination index.

[0042] By comparing the data of Comparative Example 3 (except that it was directly sealed and packed without turning the pile, and the others were the same as in Example 1) and Example 1, it can be seen that turning the pile before sealed packaging will affect the water absorption rate and degradation effect of the composted Jerusalem artichoke straw, and also affect the seed germination index.

[0043] By comparing the data of Example 1 with Example 2, Example 3 with Example 4, it can be seen that adding inulin has a better degradation rate for acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin.

[0044] Experiment 2 1.1 Test location: Dingxi City, Gansu Province. Potato test variety: Wotu No. 5.

[0045] 1.2 Experimental detection: Plant height (cm), number of single potatoes (pcs), and average yield (kg / mu).

[0046] 1.3 Test materials: Blank (except that white-rot fungi were not added, and the others were the same as in Example 1), Comparative Example 1 (except that white-rot fungi were replaced with Bacillus subtilis, and the others were the same as in Example 1. Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center with the number SHMCC D81245), Comparative Example 2 (except that white-rot fungi were replaced with yeast, and the others were the same as in Example 1. Yeast was purchased from Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center with the number SHMCC D21475), Comparative Example 3 (except that it was directly sealed and packed without turning the pile, and the others were the same as in Example 1), the composted Jerusalem artichoke straw prepared from Example 1 to Example 5, and the initial (ground Jerusalem artichoke straw).

[0047] 1.4 Experimental method: Plow the land on April 12, 2024, and apply each treatment as basal fertilizer underground. The application rate for each treatment is 150 kg / mu, Each treatment corresponds to 1 mu. Sow potatoes on April 26, 2024, using plastic film mulching for planting. The harvest time is October 4, 2024.

[0048] Except for different experimental treatments, other operations in this experiment are the same.

[0049] 2 Results and Analysis The plant height (cm), number of single potatoes (pcs), and yield (kg / mu) were all averaged, as shown in Table 2 Table 2

[0050] As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height, number of single potatoes, and yield of the initially treated potatoes were significantly lower than those of the comparative examples and the examples. It may be that after the Jerusalem artichoke straw was crushed, since many substances were not degraded, it affected the sinking of water and the growth of crops. It may also be that the crushed Jerusalem artichoke straw contained a lot of sugar and was prone to rot, resulting in an increase in harmful bacteria, thus affecting the growth and yield of crops.

[0051] From the comparison of the data of the blank in Table 2 (except that no white rot fungus was added, and the others were the same as Example 1), Comparative 1 (except that the white rot fungus was replaced with Bacillus subtilis, and the others were the same as Example 1. Bacillus subtilis was purchased from the Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center with the number SHMCC D81245), Comparative 2 (except that the white rot fungus was replaced with yeast, and the others were the same as Example 1. Yeast was purchased from the Shanghai Microbial Culture Collection Center with the number SHMCC D21475), and Example 1, it can be seen that the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw prepared in Example 1 using white rot fungus can significantly increase the number of single potatoes and the yield.

[0052] From the comparison of the data of Comparative 3 (except that it was directly sealed and packed without turning the pile, and the others were the same as Example 1) and Example 1 in Table 2, it can be seen that turning the pile before sealed packaging also affects the use effect.

[0053] From the comparison of the data of Example 1 and Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4 in Table 2, it can be seen that the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw prepared by adding inulin to the microorganism can increase the number of single potatoes and the yield.

Claims

1. A Jerusalem artichoke straw composting method, characterized in that: Follow the steps below, Crush Jerusalem artichoke stalks into small pieces of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm; Add microorganisms; Adjust the moisture content to 60% to 70%; Turn the pile; The Jerusalem artichoke straws that have been turned over are sealed and packed, and stored for 40 to 70 days to obtain the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straws; The microorganisms include white rot fungi.

2. The Jerusalem artichoke straw composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The compost is turned once every 12 to 24 hours, for a total of 7 to 14 times.

3. The Jerusalem artichoke straw composting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw to white rot fungi is 100:0.01-0.2; The adding of microorganisms is to add white rot fungi into water, mix well, and add in the form of spraying; The mass ratio of white rot fungi to water is 1:100~600.

4. The Jerusalem artichoke straw composting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The microorganism also contains inulin; the mass ratio of inulin to white rot fungi in the microorganism is 1-5:95-99; The mass ratio of microorganisms to Jerusalem artichoke straw is 100:0.01-0.2; The adding of microorganisms is to add the microorganisms into water, mix well, and add in a spraying manner; The mass ratio of microorganisms to water is 1:100~600.

5. The method for preparing fertilizer from decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straws according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Follow these steps: Adding the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke stalks and auxiliary materials into the fertilizer raw materials and mixing them evenly to obtain the fertilizer; The mass ratio of the decomposed Jerusalem artichoke straw, auxiliary materials and fertilizer raw materials is 5-100:0-95:0-95; The auxiliary material is one or more of bentonite, humic acid and attapulgite; The fertilizer raw material is one or more of potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and monoammonium phosphate.

6. The preparation method of the Jerusalem artichoke straw composting method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes granulation; The fertilizer is one or more of organic and inorganic fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers and composite fertilizers.

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