Novel waterproof building material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel waterproof building material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building materials. The novel waterproof building material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of a modified epoxy resin matrix; 8-15 parts of a dynamic self-repairing component; 2-6 parts of an anti-aging agent with a core-shell structure; 1-5 parts of a nano reinforcing material; 1-3 parts of an interface coupling agent; 15-30 parts of a green solvent system; and 1-5 parts of a functional auxiliary agent. According to the prepared novel waterproof building material, through the synergistic effect of a dynamic covalent bond self-repairing system, the core-shell structure anti-aging agent and the nanometer reinforcing material, the excellent self-repairing performance (the repairing efficiency reaches up to 97%), the excellent anti-aging capacity, the excellent mechanical property and waterproof performance are achieved, meanwhile, the wide base material applicability is achieved, and the application prospect is wide. The service life of the building waterproof layer is obviously prolonged; and the reliability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of building materials, and more specifically, to a new waterproof building material and its preparation method. Background Art

[0002] At present, building waterproof materials mainly include asphalt-based waterproof materials, polymer waterproof materials, inorganic waterproof materials, etc. However, these traditional waterproof materials have the following technical problems: 1) Insufficient self-healing ability: Once traditional waterproof materials are damaged, it is difficult to repair themselves and require manual intervention; 2) Poor anti-aging performance: Anti-aging agents are prone to migration and loss, resulting in a short service life of waterproof materials; 3) Insufficient mechanical properties: Prone to cracking and deformation in extreme environments; 4) Complex preparation process: Multi-step processes increase production costs; 5) Poor environmental friendliness: Traditional organic solvents release a large amount of VOCs; 6) Limited substrate compatibility: Difficult to be applicable to various substrates such as concrete, metal, and plastic at the same time.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of waterproof building material with self-healing ability, long-term anti-aging, high mechanical properties, environmentally friendly preparation, and wide applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome a series of defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a new waterproof building material in view of the above problems. By weight, it includes the following components: 40-60 parts of a modified epoxy resin matrix; 8-15 parts of a dynamic self-healing component; 2-6 parts of a core-shell structure anti-aging agent; 1-5 parts of a nano-enhancing material; 1-3 parts of an interfacial coupling agent; 15-30 parts of a green solvent system; 1-5 parts of a functional additive. The general formula of the modified epoxy resin matrix is: HO-(CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 O) n -C 6 H 4 -(CH 2 ) m -OCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 3 and m is an integer from 0 to 2.

[0005] Furthermore, the dynamic self-healing component includes a polymer A containing furan groups and a polymer B containing maleimide groups, and the mass ratio is (4-6):(4-6). The structural general formula of polymer A is: HO-(R 1 -OCONH-CH 2 -furan) x -R 2 -OH, and the structural general formula of polymer B is: HO-(R 1 -OCONH-CH2 -maleimide) x -R 2 -OH, where R 1 is a polyether or polyester segment, R 2 is a flexible segment, and x is an integer from 1 to 10.

[0006] Furthermore, the core-shell structure anti-aging agent is HALS@SiO 2 , including a core silica microsphere, an intermediate layer of hindered amine light stabilizer, and an outer layer of polysiloxane protective shell, where: the particle size of the silica microsphere is 50 - 200 nm; the shell thickness of the polysiloxane protective shell is 5 - 20 nm.

[0007] Furthermore, the nano-enhancing material is a graphene oxide / silica composite with a mass ratio of (1 - 2):(2 - 4), where the oxygen content of the graphene oxide is 35 - 45%.

[0008] Furthermore, the interfacial coupling agent is a mixture of γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane with a mass ratio of (1 - 3):(1 - 2), where the general structural formula of γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane is: (EtO) 3 Si-(CH 2 ) 3 -O-CH 2 -CH(O)-CH 2 ; the general structural formula of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is: (EtO) 3 Si-(CH 2 ) 3 -NH 2 .

[0009] Furthermore, the green solvent system includes 50 - 70 parts of ethyl lactate, 20 - 40 parts of dimethyl carbonate, and 5 - 15 parts of limonene.

[0010] Furthermore, the functional additives include 0.5 - 2 parts of nano-montmorillonite thixotropic agent, 0.2 - 1 part of silicone defoamer, and 0.3 - 2 parts of hydrophobic nano-silica.

[0011] The object of this application is also to provide a preparation method of a new waterproof building material, including the following steps: Step 1, prepare the core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2, specifically including: preparing silica microspheres by the modified Stöber method; anchoring a hindered amine light stabilizer on the silica surface through a silane coupling agent; forming a protective shell with polysiloxane; Step 2, preparing a graphene oxide / silica composite, specifically including: preparing graphene oxide by the improved Hummers method; performing amination modification on the graphene oxide; preparing the graphene oxide / silica composite; Step 3, preparing a polymer A containing furan groups and a polymer B containing maleimide groups; Step 4, adding a modified epoxy resin matrix, a dynamic self-healing component, a core-shell structure anti-aging agent, a nano-enhancing material, and an interfacial coupling agent into a green solvent system according to the formula ratio, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 - 60 minutes to form a uniformly dispersed liquid; Step 5, adding functional additives and stirring at a low speed for 15 - 30 minutes; Step 6, performing vacuum degassing for 15 - 30 minutes to obtain a new waterproof building material.

[0012] Further, the preparation of the silica microspheres includes the following steps: adding tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water into an ethanol-water mixed solution; reacting at 25 - 30 °C for 4 - 6 hours to obtain silica microspheres; centrifuging and washing, and drying under vacuum.

[0013] Further, the surface anchoring of the hindered amine light stabilizer includes the following steps: dispersing the silica microspheres with the surface-modified hindered amine light stabilizer in anhydrous toluene; adding 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and reacting at 70 - 80 °C for 2 - 4 hours; adding hydroxylated hindered amine light stabilizer and reacting at 70 - 80 °C for 6 - 8 hours; centrifuging and washing, and drying under vacuum.

[0014] Further, the formation of the protective shell includes the following steps: dispersing the silica microspheres in ethanol; adding tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water; reacting at 25 - 30 °C for 3 - 5 hours; centrifuging and washing, and drying under vacuum to obtain the core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2 .

[0015] Further, the preparation of the graphene oxide includes the following steps: using the improved Hummers method with flake graphite as the raw material; adding potassium permanganate into a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid and reacting at 35 - 40 °C for 10 - 12 hours; adding hydrogen peroxide to terminate the reaction; centrifuging and washing until neutral, and ultrasonically exfoliating to obtain graphene oxide.

[0016] Further, the amination modification of the graphene oxide includes the following steps: dispersing the graphene oxide in anhydrous ethanol; adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and reacting at 60 - 70 °C for 4 - 6 hours; centrifuging and washing, and drying under vacuum to obtain aminated graphene oxide.

[0017] Further, the preparation of the graphene oxide / silica composite material comprises the following steps: dispersing amino-functionalized graphene oxide in an ethanol-water mixed solution; adding tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water; reacting at 25-30 °C for 4-6 hours; centrifuging, washing, and drying under vacuum to obtain the graphene oxide / silica composite material.

[0018] Further, the preparation of the furan group-containing polymer A comprises the following steps: dispersing an isocyanate-terminated polyether or polyester polyol in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran; adding furfuryl alcohol, and reacting at 60-70 °C for 6-8 hours; distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain the furan group-containing polymer A.

[0019] Further, the preparation of the maleimide group-containing polymer B comprises the following steps: dispersing an isocyanate-terminated polyether or polyester polyol in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran; adding a hydroxyl group-containing maleimide derivative, and reacting at 60-70 °C for 6-8 hours; distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain the maleimide group-containing polymer B.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the prepared new waterproof building material realizes excellent self-healing performance (repair efficiency up to 97%), outstanding anti-aging ability, excellent mechanical properties and waterproof performance through the synergistic effect of the dynamic covalent bond self-healing system, the core-shell structure anti-aging agent and the nano-enhancing material, and at the same time has wide substrate applicability, significantly prolonging the service life of the building waterproof layer and improving the reliability. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] Next, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, but the descriptions of these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] In terms of material selection, by weight, it includes the following components: 40-60 parts of a modified epoxy resin matrix; 8-15 parts of a dynamic self-healing component; 2-6 parts of a core-shell structure anti-aging agent; 1-5 parts of a nano-enhancing material; 1-3 parts of an interfacial coupling agent; 15-30 parts of a green solvent system; 1-5 parts of a functional additive; the structural general formula of the modified epoxy resin matrix is represented as: HO-(CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 O) n -C 6 H 4 -(CH 2 ) m -OCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH; wherein, n is an integer from 1 to 3, and m is an integer from 0 to 2.

[0023] The dynamic self-healing component includes polymer A containing furan groups and polymer B containing maleimide groups, with a mass ratio of (4-6):(4-6). Among them, the general structural formula of polymer A is: HO-(R 1 -OCONH-CH 2 -furan) x -R 2 -OH; the general structural formula of polymer B is: HO-(R 1 -OCONH-CH 2 -maleimide) x -R 2 -OH; where: R 1 is a polyether or polyester segment, R 2 is a flexible segment, and x is an integer from 1 to 10.

[0024] The core-shell structure anti-aging agent is HALS@SiO 2 , including a core silica microsphere, an intermediate layer of hindered amine light stabilizer, and an outer layer of polysiloxane protective shell; the particle size of the silica microsphere is 50-200 nm; the shell thickness of the polysiloxane protective shell is 5-20 nm.

[0025] The nano-enhancing material is a graphene oxide / silica composite, with a mass ratio of (1-2):(2-4). Among them, the oxygen content of graphene oxide is 35-45%.

[0026] The interfacial coupling agent is a mixture of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, with a mass ratio of (1-3):(1-2). Among them, the general structural formula of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane is: (EtO) 3 Si-(CH 2 ) 3 -O-CH 2 -CH(O)-CH 2 ; the general structural formula of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is: (EtO) 3 Si-(CH 2 ) 3 -NH 2 .

[0027] The green solvent system includes 50-70 parts of ethyl lactate, 20-40 parts of dimethyl carbonate, and 5-15 parts of limonene.

[0028] The functional additives include 0.5-2 parts of nano-montmorillonite thixotropic agent, 0.2-1 part of silicone defoamer, and 0.3-2 parts of hydrophobic nano-silica.

[0029] In terms of the preparation method, it includes the following steps: Step 1, prepare the core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO2 , specifically including: preparing silica microspheres by the modified Stöber method; anchoring a hindered amine light stabilizer on the silica surface through a silane coupling agent; forming a protective shell with polysiloxane; Step 2, preparing a graphene oxide / silica composite, specifically including: preparing graphene oxide by the improved Hummers method; performing amination modification on the graphene oxide; preparing the graphene oxide / silica composite; Step 3, preparing a polymer A containing furan groups and a polymer B containing maleimide groups; Step 4, adding a modified epoxy resin matrix, a dynamic self-healing component, a core-shell structure anti-aging agent, a nano-reinforcing material, and an interfacial coupling agent into a green solvent system according to the formula ratio, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 - 60 minutes to form a uniformly dispersed liquid; Step 5, adding functional additives and stirring at a low speed for 15 - 30 minutes; Step 6, performing vacuum degassing for 15 - 30 minutes to obtain a new waterproof building material.

[0030] The preparation of silica microspheres includes the following steps: adding tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and ammonia water into an ethanol-water mixed solution; reacting at 25 - 30 °C for 4 - 6 hours to obtain silica microspheres; centrifuging, washing, and drying in vacuum.

[0031] The surface anchoring of the hindered amine light stabilizer includes the following steps: dispersing the silica microspheres with the hindered amine light stabilizer modified on the surface in anhydrous toluene; adding 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and reacting at 70 - 80 °C for 2 - 4 hours; adding hydroxylated hindered amine light stabilizer and reacting at 70 - 80 °C for 6 - 8 hours; centrifuging, washing, and drying in vacuum.

[0032] The formation of the protective shell includes the following steps: dispersing the silica microspheres in ethanol; adding tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and ammonia water; reacting at 25 - 30 °C for 3 - 5 hours; centrifuging, washing, and drying in vacuum to obtain the core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2 .

[0033] The preparation of graphene oxide includes the following steps: using the improved Hummers method with flake graphite as the raw material; adding potassium permanganate into a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid and reacting at 35 - 40 °C for 10 - 12 hours; adding hydrogen peroxide to terminate the reaction; centrifuging and washing until neutral, and ultrasonically exfoliating to obtain graphene oxide.

[0034] The amination modification of graphene oxide includes the following steps: dispersing the graphene oxide in anhydrous ethanol; adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and reacting at 60 - 70 °C for 4 - 6 hours; centrifuging, washing, and drying in vacuum to obtain aminated graphene oxide.

[0035] The preparation of graphene oxide / silica composite material comprises the following steps: dispersing amino-functionalized graphene oxide in an ethanol-water mixed solution; adding tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water; reacting at 25 - 30 °C for 4 - 6 hours; centrifuging and washing, followed by vacuum drying to obtain the graphene oxide / silica composite material.

[0036] The preparation of polymer A containing furan groups comprises the following steps: dispersing isocyanate-terminated polyether or polyester polyol in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran; adding furfuryl alcohol, and reacting at 60 - 70 °C for 6 - 8 hours; removing the solvent by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain polymer A containing furan groups.

[0037] The preparation of polymer B containing maleimide groups comprises the following steps: dispersing isocyanate-terminated polyether or polyester polyol in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran; adding a hydroxy-containing maleimide derivative, and reacting at 60 - 70 °C for 6 - 8 hours; removing the solvent by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain polymer B containing maleimide groups.

[0038] The present application will be further described by way of examples below. It should be noted that the preparation steps of each example are carried out according to the above method.

[0039] Example 1, a new waterproof building material is prepared according to the following formula: 50 parts of polyurethane-modified epoxy resin matrix; 5 parts of polymer A containing furan groups; 5 parts of polymer B containing maleimide groups; core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2 4 parts; 3 parts of graphene oxide / silica composite material; 1.5 parts of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane; 0.5 part of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 15 parts of ethyl lactate; 7 parts of dimethyl carbonate; 3 parts of limonene; 1 part of nano-montmorillonite thixotropic agent; 0.5 part of silicone defoamer; 1 part of hydrophobic nano-silica.

[0040] Example 2, a new waterproof building material is prepared according to the following formula: 45 parts of polyurethane-modified epoxy resin matrix; 6 parts of polymer A containing furan groups; 6 parts of polymer B containing maleimide groups; core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2 5 parts; 4 parts of graphene oxide / silica composite material; 2 parts of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane; 1 part of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 18 parts of ethyl lactate; 9 parts of dimethyl carbonate; 3 parts of limonene; 1.5 parts of nano-montmorillonite thixotropic agent; 0.6 part of silicone defoamer; 1.2 parts of hydrophobic nano-silica.

[0041] Example 3. Prepare a new waterproof building material according to the following formula: 55 parts of polyurethane-modified epoxy resin matrix; 4 parts of polymer A containing furan groups; 4 parts of polymer B containing maleimide groups; core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2 3 parts; 2 parts of graphene oxide / silica composite; 1 part of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane; 0.5 part of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; 12 parts of ethyl lactate; 6 parts of dimethyl carbonate; 2 parts of limonene; 0.8 part of nano-montmorillonite thixotropic agent; 0.4 part of silicone defoamer; 0.8 part of hydrophobic nano-silica.

[0042] Make dumbbell-shaped specimens from the waterproof materials prepared in Examples 1-3, cut them with a blade until they are completely broken, then align the fracture surfaces and contact them. After standing at room temperature (25±2°C) for different times (2h, 4h, 6h), test the tensile strength after repair and calculate the repair efficiency. The obtained results are as follows: For Example 1, the efficiency is 78% after 2h of repair, 92% after 4h of repair, and 95% after 6h of repair; for Example 2, the efficiency is 82% after 2h of repair, 94% after 4h of repair, and 97% after 6h of repair; for Example 3, the efficiency is 75% after 2h of repair, 88% after 4h of repair, and 92% after 6h of repair.

[0043] Make specimens from the waterproof materials prepared in Examples 1-3, and conduct ultraviolet aging tests (1000 hours) and thermal aging tests (80°C, 1000 hours) respectively. Test the tensile strength before and after aging and calculate the strength retention rate. The obtained results are as follows: For Example 1, the strength retention rate is 86% after ultraviolet aging and 82% after thermal aging; for Example 2, the strength retention rate is 88% after ultraviolet aging and 85% after thermal aging; for Example 3, the strength retention rate is 85% after ultraviolet aging and 80% after thermal aging.

[0044] Test the tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of the waterproof materials prepared in Examples 1-3. The obtained results are as follows: For Example 1, the tensile strength is 26 MPa, the elongation at break is 320%, and the tear strength is 82 N / mm; for Example 2, the tensile strength is 28 MPa, the elongation at break is 350%, and the tear strength is 85 N / mm; for Example 3, the tensile strength is 25 MPa, the elongation at break is 310%, and the tear strength is 80 N / mm.

[0045] Test Examples 1-3 were used to prepare waterproof materials and measure their anti-seepage pressure, water absorption rate, and water impermeability. The results were as follows: For Example 1, the anti-seepage pressure was 1.6 MPa, the water absorption rate was 0.4%, and there was no leakage at a water impermeability of 0.3 MPa / 30 min; for Example 2, the anti-seepage pressure was 1.8 MPa, the water absorption rate was 0.35%, and there was no leakage at a water impermeability of 0.3 MPa / 30 min; for Example 3, the anti-seepage pressure was 1.5 MPa, the water absorption rate was 0.45%, and there was no leakage at a water impermeability of 0.3 MPa / 30 min.

[0046] Test Examples 1-3 were used to prepare waterproof materials and measure their adhesion to different substrates. The results were as follows: For Example 1, the adhesion to concrete was 2.2 MPa, the adhesion to metal was 3.2 MPa, and the adhesion to plastic was 1.6 MPa; for Example 2, the adhesion to concrete was 2.5 MPa, the adhesion to metal was 3.5 MPa, and the adhesion to plastic was 1.8 MPa; for Example 3, the adhesion to concrete was 2.0 MPa, the adhesion to metal was 3.0 MPa, and the adhesion to plastic was 1.5 MPa.

[0047] In summary, the new waterproof building material prepared in this patent achieves excellent comprehensive performance through multiple synergistic mechanisms. The self-healing system based on dynamic covalent bonds enables the material to reach a repair efficiency of 92-97% in only 6 hours at room temperature, significantly extending its service life; the core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO 2 provides excellent resistance to ultraviolet and thermal aging, with a strength retention rate as high as 85-88%; the graphene oxide / silica composite material endows the material with a tensile strength of 25-28 MPa and an elongation at break of 310-350%; the application of the green solvent system reduces the impact on the environment; the multifunctional interfacial coupling agent ensures good compatibility between the components, enabling the material to exhibit excellent adhesion on various substrates (2.0-2.5 MPa for concrete, 3.0-3.5 MPa for metal).

[0048] The above embodiments are only specific and preferred embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A new waterproof building material, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following components by weight: 40-60 parts of modified epoxy resin matrix; 8-15 parts of dynamic self-repairing component; 2-6 parts of core-shell structure antioxidant; 1-5 parts of nano-enhancement material; 1-3 parts of interface coupling agent; 15-30 parts of green solvent system; 1-5 parts of functional additives.

2. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The general formula of the modified epoxy resin matrix is: HO-(CH2CH(OH)CH2O) n -C6H4-(CH2) m -OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3, and m is an integer from 0 to 2.

3. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic self-healing component includes a polymer A containing a furan group and a polymer B containing a maleimide group, with a mass ratio of (4-6): (4-6); The general structural formula of polymer A is: HO-(R1-OCONH-CH2-furan) x -R2-OH, the general structural formula of polymer B is: HO-(R1-OCONH-CH2-maleimide) x -R2-OH, wherein R1 is a polyether or polyester segment, R2 is a flexible segment, and x is an integer from 1 to 10.

4. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core-shell structure anti-aging agent is HALS@SiO2, which includes inner core silica microspheres, an intermediate layer of hindered amine light stabilizer and an outer layer of polysiloxane protective shell, wherein: the particle size of the silica microspheres is 50-200nm; the shell thickness of the polysiloxane protective shell is 5-20nm.

5. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-reinforced material is a graphene oxide / silicon dioxide composite material with a mass ratio of (1-2):(2-4), wherein the oxygen content of the graphene oxide is 35-45%.

6. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface coupling agent is a mixture of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mass ratio of (1-3):(1-2), wherein the general structural formula of γ-glycidylpropyltriethoxysilane is: (EtO)3Si-(CH2)3-O-CH2-CH(O)-CH2; the general structural formula of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is: (EtO)3Si-(CH2)3-NH2.

7. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green solvent system comprises 50-70 parts of ethyl lactate, 20-40 parts of dimethyl carbonate and 5-15 parts of limonene.

8. A new waterproof building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additives include 0.5-2 parts of nano-montmorillonite thixotropic agent, 0.2-1 parts of organosilicon defoaming agent and 0.3-2 parts of hydrophobic nano-silicon dioxide.

9. A method for preparing a new waterproof building material, used for preparing a new waterproof building material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation of core-shell structure antioxidant HALS@SiO2 Silica microspheres are prepared by modified Stöber method; hindered amine light stabilizer is anchored on the surface of silica by silane coupling agent; polysiloxane is used to form a protective shell; Step 2: Preparation of graphene oxide / silicon dioxide composite material Using an improved Hummers method to prepare graphene oxide; performing amino modification on graphene oxide; preparing a graphene oxide / silicon dioxide composite material; Step 3, preparing a polymer A containing a furan group and a polymer B containing a maleimide group; Step 4, adding the modified epoxy resin matrix, dynamic self-repairing component, core-shell structure anti-aging agent, nano-reinforced material, and interface coupling agent into the green solvent system according to the formula ratio, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30-60 minutes to form a uniform dispersion; Step 5, add functional additives and stir at low speed for 15-30 minutes; Step 6, vacuum degassing for 15-30 minutes to obtain a new waterproof building material.

10. The method for preparing a new waterproof building material according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation of silica microspheres includes the following steps: Add tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water to an ethanol-water mixed solution; react at 25-30°C for 4-6 hours to obtain silica microspheres; centrifuge and wash, and vacuum dry; The surface anchoring of the hindered amine light stabilizer comprises the following steps: dispersing the silica microspheres with the surface modified with the hindered amine light stabilizer in anhydrous toluene; adding 3-isocyanate propyl triethoxysilane, reacting at 70-80°C for 2-4 hours; adding the hydroxylated hindered amine light stabilizer, reacting at 70-80°C for 6-8 hours; centrifugation washing, and vacuum drying; The formation of the protective shell includes the following steps: dispersing silica microspheres in ethanol; adding tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water; reacting at 25-30°C for 3-5 hours; centrifugation washing, vacuum drying, and obtaining a core-shell structure anti-aging agent HALS@SiO2; The preparation of graphene oxide includes the following steps: using an improved Hummers method, using flake graphite as a raw material; adding potassium permanganate to a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, reacting at 35-40° C. for 10-12 hours; adding hydrogen peroxide to terminate the reaction; centrifugation washing to neutrality, and ultrasonic peeling to obtain graphene oxide; The amination modification of graphene oxide comprises the following steps: dispersing graphene oxide in anhydrous ethanol; adding 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, reacting at 60-70° C. for 4-6 hours; centrifugation washing, vacuum drying, and obtaining amination-modified graphene oxide; The preparation of the graphene oxide / silicon dioxide composite material comprises the following steps: dispersing the amination-modified graphene oxide in an ethanol-water mixed solution; adding tetraethoxysilane and ammonia water; reacting at 25-30° C. for 4-6 hours; centrifugation washing, and vacuum drying to obtain the graphene oxide / silicon dioxide composite material; The preparation of the polymer A containing furan groups comprises the following steps: dispersing an isocyanate-terminated polyether or polyester polyol in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran; adding furfuryl alcohol and reacting at 60-70° C. for 6-8 hours; removing the solvent by reduced pressure distillation to obtain the polymer A containing furan groups; The preparation of polymer B containing maleimide groups comprises the following steps: dispersing isocyanate-terminated polyether or polyester polyol in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran; adding hydroxyl-containing maleimide derivative, reacting at 60-70° C. for 6-8 hours; and removing the solvent by reduced pressure distillation to obtain polymer B containing maleimide groups.