A precast prestressed member facing stone reverse shot construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a prefabricated prestressed component facing stone counterpunch construction method, which comprises the following steps: S1, template design of the prefabricated prestressed component, steel bar and prestressed material design and stone layout design; S2, template manufacturing and tensioning pedestal manufacturing based on the design; S3, prefabricated outer wall plate processing and manufacturing; S4, prefabricated outer wall plate hoisting and installation; in step S3, the prefabricated outer wall plate processing and manufacturing comprises the following steps: S31, based on the stone layout design, the stone is laid on the bottom and the side edge of the template, and the stone gap width and the corner treatment are performed; S32, the stone is installed with a stainless steel draw hook and a pointing treatment; S33, the stone back is waterproofed and alkali-resistant treated; S34, according to the designed steel bar and prestressed material, the steel bar binding or the prestressed material laying of the prefabricated prestressed component is performed; S35, prestressed material tensioning, which comprises the following steps: tensioning of the bonded pre-tensioning method and tensioning of the non-bonded post-tensioning method; S36, concrete pouring.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building and structure construction, and particularly relates to a prefabricated prestressed component facing stone reverse beating construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional decoration stone construction technology is divided into wet sticking and dry hanging, and both technologies have the defects of difficult quality control, high safety risk of high-altitude operation, long construction period and high cost. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the traditional decoration stone installation technology. The stone dry hanging method can effectively avoid the phenomena of board hollowing, cracking, falling off and the like in the traditional wet sticking technology, and obviously improves the building safety and durability, but still has some defects, such as the deformation of the keel, the drumming and falling off of the surface layer, the poor heat preservation effect and the high cost.

[0003] Chinese patent CN112171853A discloses a stone reverse beating prefabricated board and a production method thereof, including the following steps: S1: stone selection; S2: stone back covering; S3: assembling a template; S4: laying stone; S5: stone gap treatment; S6: binding steel bars; S7: pouring concrete; S8: flat storage and polishing; S9: component maintenance; S10: removing the template; S11: hoisting and demolding; S12: stone surface treatment; S13: component stacking and cleaning; S14: marking and warehousing. The facing stone of the application is accurately positioned, has a regular surface and is firmly attached, which can greatly improve the overall assembly speed of the prefabricated outer wall and significantly improve the construction efficiency. However, the method has the following defects: 1. The back of the stone is not waterproofed and alkali-proofed, and the component has a high risk of leakage and alkali resistance in the later use process; 2. The stone used is processed by punching on site, which is not batch processing in the factory, and has the defects of low hole precision, environmental pollution and the like; 3. The overall shear capacity is poor.

[0004] The utility model discloses a kind of anti-hitting prefabricated outer wall board, including prefabricated outer wall board body and fixed in the elastic anchor of prefabricated outer wall board body back, the middle part of the elastic anchor is equipped with connecting hole, and its both ends are bent inward to form hook structure, which is used to anchor with prefabricated outer wall board body, and forms anti-hitting structure.The utility model is closely arranged and beautiful, and installation is stable, and it is not easy to crack and deform, and practical effect is good;With stone wallboard, surface layer is not easy to swell and fall off, reduce maintenance cost;Anti-hitting structure is fixed on the structural reinforcement of wall body by connecting rib, safe and stable, solve the safety hidden trouble problem that wallboard falls off and injures passerby;Elastic anchor makes wallboard not to be deformed due to wall body displacement, and good seismic performance, and have certain heat insulation performance.But the patent has following defects:1, anchor uses elastic anchor, and its cost is high, and anchoring force is small;2, anchor needs to pass through component reinforcement, and process is more, and operation difficulty is greater, and high to operating personnel requirement.3, stone back is not waterproofed, and alkali is prevented, and there is the risk of leakage and alkali prevention in component later use process.4, overall shear capacity is poor. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a prefabricated prestressed component facing stone anti-hitting construction method to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a prefabricated prestressed component facing stone anti-hitting construction method, comprising the following steps: S1, template design of prefabricated prestressed component, steel bar and prestressed material design and stone layout design, wherein the prefabricated outer wall board is made of stone facing; S2, template making and tensioning pedestal making based on the design; S3, prefabricated outer wall board processing and manufacturing; S4, prefabricated outer wall board hoisting and installation; wherein, in step S3, prefabricated outer wall board processing and manufacturing, comprising: S31, based on stone layout design, and laying stone on the bottom and side of the template, and processing the stone gap width and corner; S32, stone installation stainless steel hook and pointing treatment; S33, stone back waterproofing and alkali resistance treatment; S34, according to the design of steel bar and prestressed material, steel bar binding or prestressed material laying of prefabricated prestressed component is carried out; S35, prestressed material tensioning, including: tensioning of bonded pre-tensioning method and tensioning of non-bonded post-tensioning method; S36, concrete pouring.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the template design of the prefabricated prestressed component includes: S11, steel mold body design: the steel mold adopts a steel plate plus back rib structure, and the steel mold plate surface anchors the rib according to the design style of the stone to install the stone; S12, comprehensive calculation according to the shape and size of the mold body design, the weight and structure stress of the outer wall stone, to confirm the mold material, the steel plate thickness, the back rib position and size, the number of bolts and fasteners connected to the template, and the prestressed steel wire hole position; S13, according to the design style of the outer wall stone and the plate joint width, the rib width of the steel mold is determined; S14, according to the weight of the stone, the anchoring mode of the rib is determined after calculation; the steel bar and prestressed material design includes the setting mode of the steel bar or prestressed material, the position, quantity, tension degree of the prestressed material and the design of the tension seat; the stone layout design includes stone layout and gap treatment design based on template design.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, in step S32, the stone installation stainless steel hooks and pointing treatment includes: using weather-resistant structural adhesive to install stainless steel hooks one by one into the stone reserved holes, making the bending direction of the upper and lower adjacent stainless steel hooks of each stone present Y type, and then using foam columns to temporarily seal the holes reserved on the stone rib, and then performing pointing treatment, removing the foam columns before the pointing agent solidifies, and using stainless steel wire to pass through the holes reserved on the rib for binding the steel mesh, wherein each stone within 20 cm wide is provided with at least one pair of stainless steel hooks, and each stone above 20 cm is provided with at least two pairs of stainless steel hooks, and the setting position of the stainless steel hooks is 5 cm away from the edge of the stone; in step S33, the stone back waterproof and alkali resistance treatment includes: after the pointing agent is dry, the stone back is painted with alkali-resistant back coating and waterproof coating.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, in step S34, according to the design of the steel bar and prestressed material, the steel bar binding or prestressed material laying of the prefabricated prestressed component is performed, including: S341, steel bar binding or prestressed material laying preparation: according to the design drawing, the steel is cut, and the corrugated pipe or steel pipe used in the post-tensioning method is cut, and the cutting needs to consider the prestressed steel bar cutting length, the component hole length or the tension seat length, the anchor thickness, the jack working length, the pier head reserved amount, and the prestressed length exposed outside; S342, steel bar binding or prestressed material laying, which is divided into ordinary steel bar and prestressed material mixed binding laying or pure prestressed material laying, the prestressed material is divided into two kinds of bonded and unbonded, and the tension form adopts the pre-tensioning method and the post-tensioning method.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, in step S342, the mixed binding and laying of the ordinary steel bars and the prestressed material includes: when the ordinary steel bars are arranged in a single layer and the prestressed material is arranged in a single layer and in a single direction, the distance between the prestressed material and the ordinary steel bars is one third of the thickness of the component; when the ordinary steel bars are arranged in two layers and the prestressed material is arranged in a single layer and in a single direction, the prestressed material is arranged in the middle of the two layers of ordinary steel bars, and the arrangement is combined in this way until the ordinary steel bars are arranged in multiple layers and in multiple directions and the prestressed material is arranged in multiple layers and in multiple directions; when the ordinary steel bars are arranged in multiple layers and in multiple directions, the distance between the prestressed materials should not be less than 2.5 times the diameter of the ordinary steel bars and not less than 1.5 times the maximum particle size of the concrete aggregate; the laying of the pure prestressed material includes: when the prestressed material is arranged in multiple layers and in multiple directions, the distance between the adjacent two layers of the prestressed material should not be less than 1.5 times the maximum particle size of the concrete aggregate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the laying of the prestressed material of the bonded pre-tensioning method includes: when the ordinary steel bars and the prestressed material are mixed and bound, the prestressed material is arranged on the upper layer or the lower layer of the ordinary steel bars when the ordinary steel bars are arranged in a single layer and the prestressed material is arranged in a single layer and in a single direction, and the steel bars are bound and then tensioned; when the ordinary steel bars are arranged in two layers and the prestressed material is arranged in a single layer and in a single direction, the prestressed material is arranged in the middle of the two layers of ordinary steel bars, and the steel bars are bound and then tensioned; and so on, until the ordinary steel bars are arranged in multiple layers and in multiple directions and the prestressed material is arranged in multiple layers and in multiple directions, the steel bars should be bound first, and then uniformly tensioned.

[0012] The laying of the prestressed material of the unbounded post-tensioning method: first place the corrugated pipe or the steel pipe for placing the prestressed material, the arrangement of the corrugated pipe or the steel pipe is the same as the arrangement method of the ordinary steel bars, and the arrangement positions of the ordinary steel bars and the prestressed material are consistent with the arrangement positions of the ordinary steel bars and the prestressed material in the laying of the prestressed material of the bonded pre-tensioning method.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step S35, the tensioning of the bonded pre-tensioning method is performed after the steel bars are bound, and the construction sequence is to first tension, then pour concrete, and then remove the mold; the prestress is applied by one-end tensioning process or two-end tensioning process; when the length of the bonded prestressed material is not greater than 20m, one-end tensioning is adopted; and when the length of the bonded prestressed material is greater than 20m, two-end tensioning is adopted.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the corrugated pipe or the steel pipe is arranged in the later stage of the binding of the ordinary steel bars, and then the unbounded prestressed material is arranged, the binding and insertion of the unbounded prestressed material and the ordinary steel bars are performed, and then the concrete is poured; after the strength of the concrete reaches the design requirement, the anchoring is tensioned; when the length of the unbounded prestressed material is not greater than 40m, one-end tensioning is adopted, and the load is maintained for 2-5 minutes.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in step S36, the concrete pouring comprises: pouring concrete with a strength not less than C40, and after the concrete strength reaches 75% of the design strength, carrying out tensioning treatment and prestressed material cutting-off by the non-bonded post-tensioning method, and if thermal insulation is required, placing the thermal insulation board with self-tapping nails into the inner side of the prefabricated outer wall panel before the initial setting of the concrete.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, step S3 further comprises: hoisting the prefabricated outer wall panel out of the mold, curing to the age, and after hoisting the prefabricated outer wall panel out of the mold, repairing the outer wall facing stone: using a special adhesive for facing stone to paste the repair stone to the repair position and curing, after the adhesive reaches the design strength, punching a hole at the position of the facing stone anchoring hole perpendicular to the concrete base layer, and placing a stainless steel expansion bolt to fix the stone again, after placing the stainless steel expansion bolt, pasting the repair stone cover on the bolt cap to beautify the repair stone, wherein the repair stone cover is a screw cap type structure processed from the same batch of stone as the facing stone.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present application adopts the external hanging and internal pouring concrete structure, is suitable for the prefabricated building, bridge and other structures with facing stone decoration requirements, or other applicable components, and has a wider application. The present application fixes the stone, installs the stainless steel draw hook on the stone, and carries out the alkali-resistant and waterproof treatment, so that the stone is integrally formed with the concrete through the stainless steel draw hook, which fundamentally solves the risk of hollowing and falling caused by temperature difference in the wet paste method of stone, reduces the erosion damage of harmful environment such as salt mist to the profile when the dry hanging method is used, and also enhances the impact resistance of the stone. In addition, by adding the prestressed material in the prefabricated component, the overall shear resistance, tensile resistance and bearing capacity are significantly improved, the overall quality is guaranteed, the work efficiency is improved, the environmental protection ability is improved, and the engineering progress can be effectively accelerated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The construction method flowchart of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0020] Figure 2 The steel mold section node schematic diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0021] Figure 3 The stone stainless steel draw hook setting schematic diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0022] Figure 4 The stone stainless steel draw hook setting schematic diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0023] Figure 5 The repair stone punching schematic diagram of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0024] Figure 6A schematic view of a repaired stone material section of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the premise that the embodiments in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] The present application takes a practical project as an example, the outer wall hanging plate outer finish is all black gray granite stone material and the component of the fair-faced concrete decorated line added with 90% white cement, prestressed material is added in the part of the outer wall prefabricated beam according to the design requirements, and the shear resistance and the bearing capacity are effectively improved. Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the figure, the prefabricated prestressed component finish stone reverse construction method of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step S1, template design of the prefabricated prestressed component, steel bar and prestressed material design and stone layout design, wherein the prefabricated outer wall plate adopts stone finish.

[0028] The template design of the prefabricated prestressed component comprises: step S11, steel mold body design: the steel mold adopts a steel plate plus back rib structure, and the steel mold plate surface is anchored with a rib for installing stone according to the design style of the stone; step S12, comprehensive calculation according to the shape and size of the mold body design, the weight of the outer wall stone and the structure stress, confirming the mold material, the steel plate thickness, the back rib position and size, the number of bolts and fasteners connected to the template and the prestressed steel wire hole position; step S13, determining the rib width of the steel mold according to the design style of the outer wall stone and the plate joint width; step S14, determining the anchoring mode of the rib according to the weight of the stone after calculation. The steel bar and prestressed material design comprises the setting mode of the steel bar or the prestressed material, the position, number, tension degree of the prestressed material and the design of the tensioning pedestal. The stone layout design comprises deepening design of stones of different positions and colors according to the decoration requirements of the outer wall finish stone and the template design, including vertical and horizontal joint treatment of the stone in the single steel mold, joint treatment of the two steel molds, treatment mode of the female and male corners of the stone and the position and number of the stainless steel hooks.

[0029] Step S2, template production and tensioning pedestal production based on the design. Specifically comprising:

[0030] Step S21, using a concrete hardening and leveling site, or directly operating on the lower concrete top plate, and drawing a flatness control ink line on the site / lower concrete top plate.

[0031] Step S22, according to the designed template size, pre-laying and pre-assembling steel mold (paved on the ground), wherein the steel mold plate surface 204 of the steel mold 200 is uniformly spaced on one side of the steel mold plate surface 204. A plurality of vertical beams 201 are provided on one side of the vertical beam 201, a plurality of horizontal beams 202 perpendicular to the vertical beam are provided on one side of the vertical beam 201, and a plurality of anchor strip ribs 203 are provided on the other side of the steel mold plate surface 204.

[0032] Step S23, steel mold connecting bolt installation, buckle installation and external support installation.

[0033] Step S24, steel mold leveling, leveling and reinforcing at the same time, until the horizontal and vertical and fastening.

[0034] Step S25, making tensioning pedestal.

[0035] Step S3, prefabricated outer wall plate processing. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S31, based on stone layout design, and laying stone on the bottom and side of the template, and processing the gap width and corner of the stone: according to the size and design style of the stone and the size of the template, numbering is carried out on the deepening design drawing, and the stone is temporarily placed on the strip rib of the steel mold according to the layout number of the deepening design drawing. The width of the strip rib is consistent with the horizontal design joint width of the stone, and the vertical joint width is controlled according to the design requirements when the stone is placed. If there is a special pointing requirement, it should be carried out after the stainless steel hook is installed.

[0037] Step S32, stone installation stainless steel hook and pointing treatment: stone installation stainless steel hook and pointing treatment, including: using weather-resistant structural adhesive to install stainless steel hook 301 into the hole reserved in the stone one by one, so that the bending direction of the upper and lower adjacent stainless steel hooks 301 of each stone is Y-shaped, and then the hole reserved on the stone strip rib is temporarily plugged with foam column, and then the pointing treatment is carried out. Remove the foam column before the pointing agent solidifies, and use stainless steel wire to pass through the hole reserved on the strip rib for binding the steel mesh and the hole for the wall screw rod is not treated. Preferably, at least one pair of stainless steel hooks 301 is provided for each stone within 20 cm wide, and at least two pairs of stainless steel hooks 301 are provided for each stone above 20 cm. The stainless steel hook 301 is provided at a distance of 5 cm from the edge of the stone, and the stainless steel hook 301 extends to the outside of the stone in L shape, and the diameter of the stainless steel hook is 3 mm. The stone 302 is fixed by the stainless steel hook 301 and the concrete, which greatly reduces the high-altitude operation time and ensures the overall quality.

[0038] Step S33, waterproofing and alkali resistance treatment of the back of the stone: after the grouting agent is dried, the back of the stone is coated with an alkali-resistant back coating and a waterproof coating. The prefabricated outer wall panel is coated with waterproof coating between the upper and lower layers on the panel, and the asphalt sponge strip is bonded. The vertical joint uses a plug-in PVC water stop, a sealed polyester foam rod, and a self-adhesive waterproof adhesive. The vertical joint on the outer edge of the prefabricated outer wall panel is sealed and decorated with a weather-resistant sealant, and the cavity structure of the component is designed for waterproofing.

[0039] Step S34, according to the design of the steel and prestressed material, the steel binding or prestressed material laying of the prefabricated prestressed component is carried out. The prestressed material can be prestressed steel, prestressed steel wire or prestressed steel strand.

[0040] Step S34 specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S341, preparation before steel binding or prestressed material laying: according to the design drawing, the steel is cut, and the corrugated pipe or steel pipe used in the post-tensioning method is cut. When cutting, the prestressed steel cutting length, component hole length or tensioning pedestal length, anchor thickness, jack working length, pier head allowance, and prestressed exposed length should be considered.

[0042] Step S342, steel binding or prestressed material laying is carried out, which is divided into ordinary steel and prestressed material mixed binding laying or pure prestressed material laying. The prestressed material is divided into two types: bonded and unbonded, and the tensioning form adopts the pre-tensioning method and the post-tensioning method.

[0043] Further, ordinary steel and prestressed material mixed binding laying includes: when the ordinary steel is set as a single layer and the prestressed material is a single layer and single direction, the distance between the prestressed material and the ordinary steel should be one-third of the component thickness. When the ordinary steel is set as a double layer and the prestressed material is a single layer and single direction, the prestressed material is set between the two layers of ordinary steel. In this way, the arrangement and combination are carried out until the ordinary steel is set as a multi-layer and multi-direction, and the prestressed material is a multi-layer and multi-direction. When the ordinary steel is set as a multi-layer and multi-direction, the spacing between the prestressed materials should not be less than 2.5 times the diameter of the ordinary steel, and not less than 1.5 times the maximum particle size of the concrete aggregate. Pure prestressed material laying includes: when the prestressed material is set as a multi-layer and multi-direction, the spacing between the adjacent two layers of prestressed material should not be less than 1.5 times the maximum particle size of the concrete aggregate.

[0044] Further, the laying of prestressed material with bonded pre-tensioning method includes: when the common reinforcement is arranged as single layer and the prestressed material is single layer and single direction, the prestressed material is arranged on the upper layer or lower layer of the common reinforcement, and the reinforcement is bound and then tensioned. When the common reinforcement is arranged as double layer and the prestressed material is single layer and single direction, the prestressed material is arranged between the two layers of common reinforcement, and the reinforcement is bound and then tensioned. In this way, when the common reinforcement is arranged as multi-layer and multi-direction and the prestressed material is multi-layer and multi-direction, all the reinforcement is bound first, and then unified tensioning is performed.

[0045] Further, the laying of prestressed material with unbonded post-tensioning method includes: placing corrugated pipes or steel pipes for placing prestressed material, the arrangement of the corrugated pipes or steel pipes is the same as the arrangement of common reinforcement, and the arrangement positions of the common reinforcement and the prestressed material are the same as those in the laying of prestressed material with bonded pre-tensioning method.

[0046] Step S35, prestressed material tensioning, including: pre-tensioning with bonding and post-tensioning without bonding.

[0047] S351, pre-tensioning with bonding is tensioned after the reinforcement is bound, and the construction sequence is pre-tensioning, then concrete pouring, and then form removal. The prestress is applied by one-end tensioning process or two-end tensioning process. When the length of prestressed material with bonding is not greater than 20 m, one-end tensioning is adopted. When the length of prestressed material with bonding is greater than 20 m, two-end tensioning is adopted.

[0048] The pre-tensioning with bonding has the following matters needing attention:

[0049] (1) The pedestal bears the entire tensioning force of the prestressed reinforcement in the pre-tensioning method. Therefore, the pedestal should have sufficient degree, rigidity and stability. The pedestal can be divided into two types of pier type and groove type according to the structure.

[0050] (2) In the pre-tensioning method, the prestress is preferably applied by one-end tensioning process, and the tensioning control stress and procedure are performed according to the requirements on the drawing. During tensioning, single, multiple or whole tensioning can be performed according to the component condition. When single tensioning is adopted, the tensioning sequence should be from bottom to top and from center to side (symmetrical).

[0051] (3) When the prestressed reinforcement is released, the concrete strength should meet the design requirements; when there is no design requirement, it should not be less than 75% of the standard value of the design concrete cube compressive strength; the pre-tensioning method component using prestressed steel wire or prestressed steel strand as prestressed reinforcement should not be less than 30 MPac.

[0052] S352, the unbonded post-tensioning method is to place a clamp at the end of the component and pipe after the concrete pouring is completed, and to place and tension the unbonded prestressed material in the pipe. After the tensioning is completed, grouting treatment is performed and anchoring is sealed. The prestressed material hole has three types of straight line, curve and broken line. The hole can be left by methods such as pre-buried metal spiral pipe hole leaving, pre-buried plastic corrugated pipe hole leaving, steel pipe hole leaving and rubber tube inflation core leaving. At the same time of leaving the prestressed bar hole, grouting holes, exhaust holes and bleeding pipes should also be reasonably left according to requirements. Specifically, the corrugated pipe or steel pipe is set during the later stage of ordinary steel bar binding, the unbonded prestressed material is then placed, the unbonded prestressed material is inserted with the ordinary steel bar binding, and then the concrete is poured. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirement, the anchoring is tensioned. When the prestressed material is tensioned, the concrete strength must meet the design requirement. When the design has no specific requirement, the concrete cube compressive strength standard value is not less than 75%. When the length of the unbonded prestressed material is not more than 40m, one end tensioning is adopted, and the load is held for 2-5min. The prestressed material tensioning control tensioning force value is the main, and the prestressed bar tensioning elongation value is used as the core. After the prestressed material tensioning is completed, the hole grouting is performed in time.

[0053] Step S36, concrete pouring: the concrete strength is not less than C40, and the unbonded post-tensioning method is performed when the concrete strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the tensioning treatment and the prestressed material cutting are performed, and if the heat preservation is required, the heat preservation plate with self-tapping screws is placed into the inner side of the prefabricated external wall plate before the concrete initial setting.

[0054] Further, the step S3 further comprises: hoisting the prefabricated external wall plate out of the mold, curing to the age, and performing the external wall facing stone repair after the prefabricated external wall plate is hoisted out of the mold: the stone to be replaced is removed first, the base concrete is cleaned, and waterproof and alkali-proof treatment is performed. The repair stone 501 is adhered to the repair position using the special adhesive for facing stone, and curing is performed. After the adhesive reaches the design strength, the hole is punched perpendicular to the concrete base at the position of the anchoring hole 502 of the repair stone 501, and the stainless steel expansion bolt 503 is placed to fix the stone again. After the stainless steel expansion bolt 503 is placed, the repair stone cover 504 is adhered to the bolt cap of the stainless steel expansion bolt to beautify the repair stone, wherein the repair stone cover 504 is a screw cap type structure processed from the same batch of stones as the facing stones.

[0055] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for precast prestressed member facing stone reverse shot construction, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: S1, template design of prefabricated prestressed component, steel bar and prestressed material design and stone layout design, wherein the prefabricated outer wall panel is decorated with stone; S2, template making and tensioning pedestal making based on the design; S3, prefabricated outer wall panel processing and manufacturing; S4, prefabricated outer wall panel hoisting and installation; In step S3, prefabricated outer wall panel processing and manufacturing, comprising: S31, based on stone layout design, and laying stone on the bottom and side of the template, and processing the gap width and corner of the stone; S32, stone installation stainless steel hook and pointing treatment, including: using weather-resistant structural adhesive to install stainless steel hooks one by one into the stone reserved holes, making the bending direction of the upper and lower adjacent stainless steel hooks of each stone Y-shaped, and temporarily plugging the holes reserved on the stone strip ribs with foam columns; S33, stone back waterproofing and alkali resistance treatment: stone back is painted with alkali-resistant back coating and waterproof coating, and vertical joints are inserted with PVC water stop strips, sealed with polyester foam rods, and pasted with self-adhesive waterproof adhesive; S34, according to the design of steel bar and prestressed material, steel bar binding or prestressed material laying of prefabricated prestressed component is carried out; S35, prestressed material tensioning, including: tensioning of bonded pre-tensioning method and tensioning of non-bonded post-tensioning method, pre-tensioning method with bonding before concrete pouring, post-tensioning method without bonding after concrete pouring; S36, concrete pouring; S37, prefabricated outer wall panel hoisting out of the mold, curing to the age, and repairing the outer wall facing stone after the prefabricated outer wall panel is hoisted out of the mold: using special adhesive for facing stone to paste the repair stone to the repair position and curing, after the adhesive reaches the design strength, drilling perpendicular to the concrete base at the facing stone anchoring hole position, and placing stainless steel expansion bolts to fix the stone again, after placing the stainless steel expansion bolts, pasting the repair stone cover on the nut cap to beautify the repair stone, wherein the repair stone cover is a nut-shaped structure processed from the same batch of stone as the facing stone; In step S34, according to the design of steel bar and prestressed material, steel bar binding or prestressed material laying of prefabricated prestressed component is carried out, including: S341, preparation work before steel bar binding or prestressed material laying: according to the design drawing, steel is cut, and corrugated pipe or steel pipe is cut for post-tensioning method, considering the prestressed steel bar cutting length, component hole length or tensioning pedestal length, anchor thickness, jack working length, pier head reserved amount, and prestressed exposed length; S342, steel bar binding or prestressed material laying, which is divided into ordinary steel bar and prestressed material mixed binding laying or pure prestressed material laying, prestressed material is divided into bonded and unbonded, and pre-tensioning method and post-tensioning method are adopted for tensioning form; In step S342, the common reinforcement and the prestressed material mixed binding laying includes: when the common reinforcement is arranged as a single layer and the prestressed material is single-layer and single-direction, the distance between the prestressed material and the common reinforcement is one-third of the thickness of the component; when the common reinforcement is arranged as double layers and the prestressed material is single-layer and single-direction, the prestressed material is arranged in the middle of the two layers of common reinforcement, and the arrangement is combined in this way until the common reinforcement is arranged as multi-layer and multi-direction and the prestressed material is multi-layer and multi-direction, for example, when the common reinforcement is arranged as multi-layer and multi-direction, the spacing between the prestressed materials should not be less than 2.5 times of the diameter of the common reinforcement and should not be less than 1.5 times of the maximum particle size of the concrete aggregate; the pure prestressed material laying includes: when the prestressed material is arranged as multi-layer and multi-direction, the spacing between the adjacent two layers of prestressed material should not be less than 1.5 times of the maximum particle size of the concrete aggregate.

2. The precast prestressed element facing stone reverse shotcreting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the template design of the prefabricated prestressed component includes: S11, steel mold body design: the steel mold adopts a steel plate plus back rib structure, and the steel mold plate surface anchors the rib according to the design style of the stone to install the stone; S12, comprehensive calculation according to the shape and size of the mold body design, the weight and structure stress of the outer wall stone, to confirm the mold material, the thickness of the steel plate, the position and size of the back rib, the number of bolts and fasteners connected to the mold plate, and the position of the prestressed steel wire hole; S13, according to the design style of the outer wall stone and the plate joint width, the rib width of the steel mold is determined; S14, according to the weight of the stone, the anchoring mode of the rib is determined after calculation; the reinforcement and prestressed material design includes the arrangement mode of the reinforcement or prestressed material, the position, quantity, tension degree of the prestressed material and the design of the tension seat; the stone layout design includes the layout and gap treatment design of the stone based on the template design.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: In step S32, the stone installation stainless steel hooks and pointing treatment also includes: performing pointing treatment, removing the foam column before the pointing agent is not solidified, and using a stainless steel wire to pass through the reserved hole on the rib for binding the reinforcement mesh, wherein at least one pair of stainless steel hooks is arranged for each piece of stone within 20 cm wide, and at least two pairs of stainless steel hooks are arranged for each piece of stone above 20 cm, and the stainless steel hooks are arranged at a position 5 cm away from the edge of the stone.

4. The precast, prestressed concrete element facing stone reverse shotcreting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying of prestressed material with bonded pre-tensioning method includes: when the common reinforcement and the prestressed material are mixed and bound, the common reinforcement is arranged as a single layer and the prestressed material is single-layer and single-direction, the prestressed material is arranged on the upper or lower layer of the common reinforcement, and the reinforcement is bound and then tensioned; when the common reinforcement is arranged as double layers and the prestressed material is single-layer and single-direction, the prestressed material is arranged in the middle of the two layers of common reinforcement, and the reinforcement is bound and then tensioned; and so on, when the common reinforcement is arranged as multi-layer and multi-direction and the prestressed material is multi-layer and multi-direction, all the reinforcement should be bound first, and then unified tensioning is performed. The laying of prestressed material without bonded post-tensioning method: a corrugated pipe or a steel pipe is first placed for passing the prestressed material, the arrangement of the corrugated pipe or the steel pipe is the same as the arrangement method of the common reinforcement, and the arrangement positions of the common reinforcement and the prestressed material are consistent with those in the laying of prestressed material with bonded pre-tensioning method.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: In step S35, the tensioning of the bonded pre-tensioning method is completed after the steel bar binding, and the construction sequence is pre-tensioning, then concrete pouring, and then form removal. The pre-stressing is implemented by one-end tensioning process or two-end tensioning process. When the length of the bonded pre-stressing material is not greater than 20 m, one-end tensioning is adopted. When the length of the bonded pre-stressing material is greater than 20 m, two-end tensioning is adopted.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: In the un-bonded post-tensioning method, the tensioning is implemented after the concrete pouring. The clamps are placed at the ends of the member and the pipe, the un-bonded pre-stressing material is arranged in the pipe, and then the tensioning is implemented. After the tensioning is completed, the grouting treatment is implemented, and the anchoring is sealed. The corrugated pipe or the steel pipe is arranged in the later stage of the ordinary steel bar binding, the un-bonded pre-stressing material is arranged, the un-bonded pre-stressing material is inserted into the ordinary steel bar binding, and then the concrete is poured. After the concrete strength reaches the design requirement, the tensioning and anchoring are implemented. When the length of the un-bonded pre-stressing material is not greater than 40 m, one-end tensioning is adopted, and the load is maintained for 2-5 min.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: In step S36, the concrete pouring includes: the concrete strength is not less than C40, and the un-bonded post-tensioning method is implemented when the concrete strength reaches 75% of the design strength, the tensioning treatment and the pre-stressing material cutting are implemented, if the heat preservation is required, the heat preservation plate with the self-tapping nails is placed in the inner side of the prefabricated outer wall plate before the concrete initial setting.

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