Singlechip-based intelligent measurement device and method for surface elevation of coastal wetland

Abstract

The invention discloses a coastal wetland surface elevation intelligent measuring device and method based on a single-chip microcomputer, and belongs to the technical field of elevation measurement. The device comprises a supporting frame, the supporting frame comprises a base rod and a measuring arm, the base rod is used for being fixed in the coastal wetland land, the measuring arm is connected to the outer wall of the base rod, a plurality of through holes are formed in the measuring arm, and the axes of the through holes are vertically arranged; the floating rods are inserted into the through holes, the tops of the floating rods are not lower than the bottoms of the through holes, and the floating rods are movably connected with the through holes; the distance measuring devices are connected with the floating rod, and the distance measuring devices are used for measuring the up-down floating height of the floating rod; and the control terminal is in signal connection with the plurality of distance measurers, and the control terminal is used for receiving and storing measurement data of the distance measurers. According to the embodiment, the floating rod floats along with the rising tide without influencing the scouring and silting process, and continuous measurement of the elevation change of the mud flat can be realized through long-time monitoring and measurement before and after each scouring and silting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of elevation measurement, and particularly relates to an intelligent measurement device and method for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer. Background Art

[0002] Coastal tidal flats (salt marshes, mangroves, mudflats) are typical of coastal biological protection projects and have a good wave-dissipating and shore-protecting effect, playing an important role in maintaining coastal biodiversity and resource productivity. However, the sharp reduction of sediment entering the sea caused by human activities and climate change, as well as sea-level changes, local reclamation projects, etc., have significantly changed the dynamic conditions and erosion-deposition patterns of estuarine coasts, exacerbating the risk of coastal erosion and degradation, seriously threatening the stability of the coastal tidal flat system, resulting in erosion of vegetation substrate sediments, vegetation extinction, and shoreline retreat, greatly weakening its coastal protection function and ecological function. The change of the surface elevation of the tidal flat directly characterizes the sediment source-sink process and its response to external environmental factors. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the change process of the surface elevation of coastal tidal flats.

[0003] At present, the observation of tidal flat elevation mainly relies on means such as field surveys, satellite and airborne radar monitoring, etc. Field surveys refer to installing stable fixed reference points in wetlands, using lightweight needles to measure the elevation of wetlands, manually recording measurement data regularly and analyzing the changes; satellite and airborne radar monitoring refer to using high-resolution image data and radar interferograms taken by lidar or radar sensors (such as synthetic aperture radar) carried by satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, and calculating the surface elevation change through image processing using phase information. However, these methods have deficiencies in the time continuity of measuring tidal flat elevation and cannot effectively continuously obtain the elevation of the tidal flat after each high tide and low tide. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an intelligent measurement device and method for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that the tidal flat elevation cannot be measured continuously in time, so as to effectively measure the elevation of the tidal flat after each high tide and low tide for a long time and continuously.

[0005] In the first aspect of the present invention, an intelligent measurement device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer is provided, including:

[0006] A support frame, the support frame includes a base rod and a measuring arm, the base rod is used to be fixed in the coastal wetland land, the measuring arm is connected to the outer wall of the base rod, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the measuring arm, and the axes of the through holes are arranged vertically;

[0007] A plurality of floating rods, the floating rods are inserted into the through holes, the top of the floating rod is not lower than the bottom of the through hole, and the floating rod is movably connected to the through hole;

[0008] A plurality of distance measuring devices, the distance measuring devices being connected to the floating rod, and the distance measuring devices being used to measure the up-and-down floating height of the floating rod;

[0009] A control terminal, the control terminal being in signal connection with the plurality of distance measuring devices, and the control terminal being used to receive and store the measurement data of the distance measuring devices.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the plurality of through holes are uniformly arranged on the measuring arm at a preset interval.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the floating rod is a hollow rod body.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a floating buoy block is further connected to the bottom of the floating rod.

[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the materials of the floating rod and the floating buoy block are made of at least one of foamed polypropylene, foamed polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the distance measuring device is a linear potentiometer;

[0015] The linear potentiometer includes a linear resistor and a sliding contact;

[0016] The linear resistor is installed on the measuring arm;

[0017] The sliding contact is slidably connected to the linear resistor, and the sliding contact is fixedly connected to the floating rod.

[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a waterproof shell is further included;

[0019] The waterproof shell is sealingly installed on the measuring arm, and the waterproof shell and the measuring arm form an accommodation space;

[0020] One end of the linear potentiometer and the floating rod provided with the sliding contact are both located in the accommodation space, and the linear potentiometer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the waterproof shell.

[0021] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the support frame further includes a balance rod and a spring member;

[0022] The balance rod is fixedly connected to the base rod, the balance rod and the measuring arm are oppositely arranged on opposite sides of the base rod, the balance rod and the measuring arm are coaxially arranged, and a spring member is connected between the outer wall of the balance rod and the outer wall of the base rod.

[0023] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the base rod includes a base pole, a sleeve, and a connecting rod;

[0024] The bottom end of the base pole is a drill bit, and the sleeve is sleeved on the base pole;

[0025] The sleeve slides up and down along the axis of the base pole, and the sleeve is detachably fixed on the base pole;

[0026] The connecting rod is fixed on the sleeve, and the measuring arm, the balance rod, and the spring member are connected and fixed on the connecting rod.

[0027] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the control terminal includes a sealed housing, a power supply arranged in the sealed housing, a printed circuit board, and a single-chip microcomputer and a storage card electrically connected to the printed circuit board;

[0028] The single-chip microcomputer receives the measurement data of the distance measurer, processes and converts the measurement data into elevation information, and stores the elevation information in the storage card.

[0029] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for intelligent measurement of the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer, which applies the intelligent measurement device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands described in any item of the first aspect, and includes the following steps:

[0030] S1, Measure the elevation and longitude and latitude at the selected layout position using the real-time kinematic measurement principle as the initial reference elevation;

[0031] S2, Punch and install the intelligent measurement device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands on the coastal wetland;

[0032] S3, Continuously measure the elevation of the layout position using the intelligent measurement device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands within a preset time.

[0033] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0034] This embodiment provides an intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer. Since a plurality of vertically arranged through-holes are provided on the measuring arm, the floating rod is inserted into the through-holes, the top of the floating rod is not lower than the bottom of the through-holes, and the floating rod is movably connected to the through-holes; the distance measuring device is connected to the floating rod, and the distance measuring device is used to measure the up and down floating distance of the floating rod. Therefore, when it is installed on a coastal wetland, during high tide, the floating rod will float away from the observation point on the tidal flat surface, thus not interfering with the scouring and silting process that changes the surface elevation. During low tide, the floating rod will fall back onto the tidal flat surface again. Among them, the process of the floating rod floating up and then falling on the tidal flat surface records the change in the surface elevation of the tidal flat after a single ebb and flow scouring and silting process. Through long-term and continuous measurement, the change in the surface elevation of the tidal flat over a long time can be recorded, effectively solving the problem in the prior art that the elevation of the tidal flat cannot be measured continuously over time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer (without a floating buoy block) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer (with a floating buoy block) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 FIG. is a top view structure schematic diagram of an intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 FIG. is a structural sectional view of a distance measuring device and a floating rod (without a floating buoy block) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 FIG. is a structural sectional view of a distance measuring device and a floating rod (with a floating buoy block) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 FIG. is a schematic flowchart of an intelligent measuring method for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Reference Signs:

[0043] 1. Support frame; 10. Base rod; 100. Base pole; 1000. Drill bit; 101. Sleeve; 102. Connecting rod; 1020. Support rod; 1021. Measuring connector; 11. Measuring arm; 110. Through hole; 12. Waterproof housing; 13. Balance rod; 14. Spring member; 2. Floating rod; 20. Floating block; 3. Distance measurer; 30. Linear resistor; 31. Sliding contact; 4. Control terminal; 40. Sealed housing; 41. Power supply; 42. Printed circuit board; 43. Single-chip microcomputer; 44. Memory card. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] An embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent measuring device and method for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that the elevation of tidal flats cannot be measured continuously in time, so as to effectively monitor the elevation change of the tidal flats after each high tide and low tide for a long time continuously.

[0045] In order to make the invention purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 , the present invention provides an intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands based on a single-chip microcomputer 43, including:

[0047] A support frame 1, the support frame 1 includes a base rod 10 and a measuring arm 11. The base rod 10 is used to be fixed in the coastal wetland land. The measuring arm 11 is horizontally connected to the outer wall of the base rod 10. A plurality of through holes are provided on the measuring arm 11, and the axes of the through holes are arranged vertically;

[0048] A plurality of floating rods 2, the floating rods 2 are inserted into the through holes. The top of the floating rod 2 is not lower than the bottom of the through hole, and the floating rod 2 is movably connected to the through hole;

[0049] A plurality of distance measurers 3, the distance measurers 3 are connected to the floating rods 2, and the distance measurers 3 are used to measure the up and down floating height of the floating rods 2;

[0050] A control terminal 4, the control terminal 4 is signal-connected to a plurality of distance measurers 3, and the control terminal 4 is used to receive and store the measurement data of the distance measurers 3.

[0051] During the operation of this embodiment, the intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of the coastal wetland is installed at the observation point of the coastal wetland; when the tide has not risen, the bottom of the floating rod 2 is attached to the ground at the observation point of the coastal wetland, and the elevation measured by the distance measurer 3 at this time is the elevation of the coastal wetland when the tide has not risen; when the tide rises, the floating rod 2 will float up and leave the observation point on the tidal flat surface; when the tide ebbs, the floating rod 2 will fall back to the ground at the observation point of the coastal wetland, and the elevation measured by the distance measurer 3 at this time is the elevation of the coastal wetland after the tide has risen. That is, due to the change in the surface elevation caused by sediment erosion and deposition, the position of the floating rod 2 is changed, so that the data measured by the distance measurer 3 is changed. Through long-term recording, the elevation of the tidal flat before and after the tide rise can be continuously monitored and stored in the control terminal 4.

[0052] It should be noted that during the ebb and flow of the tide, the sea water will form a process of erosion and deposition on the tidal flat. The process of erosion and deposition includes three links: scouring, transportation, and siltation; the scouring link refers to that when the water flow moves, it will cause bottom shear stress, which can make the bottom bed sediment suspend; the transportation link refers to the process in which the particulate matter washed up will be transported along with the water flow; the siltation link refers to that when the water flow velocity decreases, the flow rate decreases or the water flow direction changes, the sediment-carrying capacity of the water flow decreases, and the particulate matter will gradually settle down. This process is the core reason for the change in the elevation of the tidal flat.

[0053] From the above working process, it can be seen that the floating rod 2 in this embodiment will float with the rising tide and will not affect the erosion and deposition process. The floating rod 2 will fall again with the ebb tide, realizing the measurement of the change in the elevation of the tidal flat before and after the erosion and deposition process at a fixed point. Through long-term monitoring, the measurement before and after each erosion and deposition process can be maintained, realizing the continuous measurement of the change in the elevation of the tidal flat.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0055] First, the error is small; compared with satellite remote sensing, the spatial resolution of satellite remote sensing elevation monitoring is insufficient. The spatial resolution of most remote sensing satellites is 10m - 300m. For small-scale elevation measurement, it is difficult to use remote sensing satellites, and the vertical accuracy of airborne lidar altimetry is insufficient, making it difficult to capture the inter-monthly and inter-annual changes in the surface elevation of the tidal flat; compared with the dynamic measurement technology (RTK, Real-time kinematic), the RTK measurement accuracy is centimeter-level, and the damage to the tidal flat surface during the superposition of manual measurement will lead to relatively large measurement errors; compared with the traditional surface elevation measurement system (SET, Surface Elevation Table), it is difficult for SET to obtain continuous high-density observation data, and errors may occur in the inversion of erosion and deposition changes due to data missing; while the floating rod 2 in this embodiment can move up and down with the ebb and flow of the tide, thus avoiding the floating rod 2 from hindering the erosion and deposition process, and can effectively record the change in the elevation of the tidal flat before and after the erosion and deposition process, with high accuracy;

[0056] Second, the measurement time is short. After this embodiment is set up, with the ebb and flow of the tide, the distance measurer 3 will automatically measure the floating rod 2, and the measurement time is short. Compared with the real-time kinematic (RTK) measurement technology for fixed-point measurement, its measurement depends on the base station setting, and the single-point measurement time is long, making it difficult to quickly measure the elevation.

[0057] Third, it will not damage the tidal flat. Compared with the dynamic measurement technology (RTK), when using RTK for measurement, the mobile station needs to be placed vertically, and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy during on-site observation of the tidal flat. The mud layer on the surface of the tidal flat is relatively soft, and the RTK base station measurement will cause certain damage to the surface of the tidal flat. In this embodiment, the floating rod 2 made of lightweight structure and materials can be lifted by the buoyancy of the water body above the measurement point surface during high tide and vertically fall during low tide, further avoiding damage to the surface of the observation point. Moreover, the floating rod 2 itself is relatively light in weight, ensuring that it will not cause damage to the surface of the tidal flat when falling.

[0058] Fourth, continuous measurement can be carried out. Compared with the traditional surface elevation measurement system (SET), SET requires manual operation and recording by humans and cannot perform high-frequency continuous monitoring. Compared with remote sensing satellite data, which is discontinuous, the satellite orbits the earth with a fixed observation period and is easily affected by meteorological factors such as clouds during observation, resulting in poor time continuity of the observed accuracy data. The floating rod 2 in this embodiment will float with the rising tide without affecting the scouring and silting process. Through long-term monitoring, it can maintain the measurement before and after each scouring and silting process, realizing continuous measurement of the elevation change of the tidal flat.

[0059] Fifth, it has a wide range of applications. Compared with the traditional surface elevation measurement system (SET), when extreme weather (such as storm surge) occurs, the surface scouring and silting changes of SET have observational value, but due to the danger of field observation, manual observation cannot be carried out. In this embodiment, the floating rod 2 will float and fall with the rising tide, automatically realizing the measurement of the elevation change of the tidal flat without manual intervention, and can be applied to the high-frequency change monitoring of the elevation of coastal tidal flats affected by multiple hydrological factors.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, a realizable structure of the floating rod 2 is further provided: the floating rod 2 is a lightweight, smooth, and hollow rod body. When the floating rod 2 rises and falls with the tide, due to its light material and hollow structure, the falling process is simultaneous with the ebb tide process, and it falls onto the surface of the tidal flat at a slow speed. Its speed is low and its own weight is light, ensuring that it will not cause damage to the surface when falling. It falls onto the surface of the tidal flat at a slow speed. Its speed is low and its own weight is light, ensuring that it will not cause damage to the surface when falling.

[0061] In one embodiment, the hollow rod is made of expanded polypropylene (EPP) material. The expanded polypropylene material is easy to obtain and process. It has good corrosion resistance to avoid seawater erosion, is light in weight to avoid damage to the tidal flat, has a high surface smoothness to reduce the resistance during fluid transportation, and prevents solid particles from floating on the surface of the hollow rod.

[0062] In this embodiment, the wall thickness of the hollow rod is 1 mm, the diameter is 6 mm, and the rod length is 200 mm.

[0063] Based on the above embodiment, as Figure 2 and Figure 5 shown, in order to improve the buoyancy of the floating rod, a buoy block 20 is connected to the bottom of the floating rod. The floating rod is inserted into the buoy block 20 to achieve the connection between the two. Among them, the floating rod and the buoy block are connected by epoxy resin, or can also be bonded after dissolving the surface with organic solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone. Specifically, when implemented, the buoy block 20 provides buoyancy through a very light material. When the floating rod 2 rises and falls with the tide, the falling process of the buoy block 20 and the floating rod is carried out simultaneously with the ebb tide process.

[0064] In this embodiment, the hollow rod is made by 3D printing with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) material. The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer has good corrosion resistance to avoid seawater erosion, is light in weight to avoid damage to the tidal flat, has a high surface smoothness to reduce the resistance during fluid transportation, and prevents solid particles from floating on the surface of the hollow rod; the buoy block is made of expanded polyethylene (EPE) material, and its density is extremely low, which can provide greater buoyancy for the rod body.

[0065] It should be noted that when selecting relatively high-density materials such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and polyvinyl chloride, the floating rod 2 must be additionally equipped with an expanded polyethylene buoy block 20.

[0066] Specifically, the wall thickness of the hollow rod is 1 mm, the diameter is 6 mm, and the rod length is 200 mm; the buoy block 20 has a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 30 mm.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, a realizable structure of the support frame 1 is further provided. The support frame 1 includes a base rod 10, a measuring arm 11, a balance rod 13, and a spring member 14; the balance rod 13 is fixedly connected to the base rod 10. The balance rod 13 and the measuring arm 11 are arranged on opposite sides of the base rod 10. The balance rod 13 and the measuring arm 11 are horizontally arranged coaxially. A spring member 14 is connected between the outer wall of the balance rod 13 and the outer wall of the base rod 10. Specifically, when implemented, the design of the balance rod 13 helps to keep the center of gravity of the entire support frame 1 in a relatively stable position, and together with the spring member 14, a buffer and shock absorption system is formed, which can absorb the energy of vibration and impact, and reduce the influence of vibration and impact on the floating rod 2 and the distance measuring device 3.

[0068] In one embodiment, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, a plurality of through holes on the measuring arm 11 are uniformly arranged on the measuring arm 11 at a preset interval. When the floating rods 2 are inserted into the through holes, the plurality of floating rods 2 can also be uniformly arranged at a preset interval, avoiding the situation of mutual interference when the plurality of floating rods 2 are floating, and at the same time, avoiding the distance between the plurality of floating rods 2 being too small to intercept sundries such as stones and affecting normal measurement.

[0069] In one embodiment, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, a realizable structure of the base rod 10 is further provided. The base rod 10 includes a base rod 100, a sleeve 101, and a connecting rod 102. The bottom end of the base rod 100 is a drill bit 1000, and the sleeve 101 is sleeved on the base rod 100. The sleeve 101 slides up and down along the axis of the base rod 100, and the sleeve 101 is detachably fixed on the base rod 100. The connecting rod 102 is fixed on the sleeve 101, and the measuring arm 11, the balance rod 13, and the spring member 14 are connected and fixed on the connecting rod 102. That is, the measuring arm 11 and the balance rod 13 are oppositely arranged at the top of the connecting rod 102. One end of the spring member 14 is connected and fixed to the connecting rod 102, and the other end of the spring member 14 is connected and fixed to the balance rod 13. In specific implementation, the base rod 100 with the drill bit 1000 is drilled into the tidal flat land inside the coastal wetland to fix the entire measuring device thereon, and then the height position of the sleeve 101 on the base rod 100 is adjusted so that one end of the floating rod 2 can abut against the tidal flat surface, and the other end of the floating rod 2 can be located in the through hole.

[0070] In one embodiment, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, the connecting rod 102 includes a support rod 1020 and a measuring connector 1021. The measuring connector 1021 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 101, and the support rod 1020 is screwed onto the measuring connector 1021. Among them, the measuring arm 11, the balance rod 13, and the spring member 14 are connected to the support rod 1020.

[0071] Among them, the way that the sleeve 101 is detachably fixed on the base rod 100 is that there is a connecting screw hole on the sleeve 101, and a bolt is screwed into the screw hole. The sleeve 101 is fixed on the base rod 100 by tightening the bolt. The support rod 1020 and the balance rod 13 are made of stainless steel structure. The drill bit 1000 is made of stainless steel drill bit 1000 with a diameter of 15 mm, and is connected to the base rod 100 through threads. The base rod 100 is also made of stainless steel hollow rod with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 1000 mm. Considering soil support and spare needs, 20 identical base rods 100 are prepared and connected to each other through threads. The sleeve 101 is made of pvc pipe. For the corresponding base rod 100, a pvc pipe with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 1000 mm is selected to make the sleeve 101, and the required length is cut according to the requirements. The measuring connector 1021 is also made of pvc pipe and is connected to the sleeve 101.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, a feasible structure of the distance measurer 3 is further provided. The distance measurer 3 is a linear potentiometer; the linear potentiometer includes a linear resistor 30 and a sliding contact 31; the linear resistor 30 is installed on the measuring arm 11; the sliding contact 31 is slidably connected to the linear resistor 30, and the sliding contact 31 is fixedly connected to the floating rod 2. Specifically, when the floating rod 2 moves up and down, it will drive the sliding contact to slide on the linear resistor 30, thereby changing the resistance value of the linear resistor 30, and thus measuring the changed height of the floating rod 2.

[0073] In an embodiment, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the distance measurer 3 further includes a waterproof housing 12; the waterproof housing 12 is hermetically installed at the top end of the measuring arm 11 by means of a sealing glue, and the waterproof housing 12 forms an accommodating space with the measuring arm 11; one end of the linear potentiometer and the floating rod 2 provided with the sliding contact 31 are both located in the accommodating space, and the linear potentiometer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the waterproof housing 12. Specifically, the waterproof housing 12 can seal and prevent water, and the internal electronic devices will not be short-circuited due to factors such as sea waves or rainfall causing the circuit to contact water, protecting electrical devices such as the linear potentiometer and the sliding contact 31 from water damage.

[0074] Among them, a linear potentiometer with a sliding stroke of 35 mm is selected. The linear potentiometer is directly fixed on the waterproof housing 12 and is wired to the circuit of the waterproof housing 12. Taking the electrical signal change brought by the linear potentiometer as 7V - 14V as an example, and the dial rod direction is that the voltage increases upward and the stroke of the linear potentiometer is 7 cm as an example: when the tidal flat erosion and deposition change is 1 mm, the electrical signal change amplitude is 0.1V. Therefore, the single-chip microcomputer 43 can convert the electrical signal change into the elevation change.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, a feasible structure of the control terminal 4 is further provided. The control terminal 4 includes a sealed housing 40, a power supply 41 arranged inside the sealed housing 40, a printed circuit board 42, a single-chip microcomputer 43 and a memory card 44 electrically connected to the printed circuit board 42. The single-chip microcomputer 43 is connected to a linear potentiometer, and records the electrical signals generated by the linear potentiometer due to elevation changes in the memory card 44. The memory card 44 is a storage medium for recording the elevation changes of the tidal flat surface at high frequency for a long time. The printed circuit board 42 (PCB) has circuits engraved on it, connecting the single-chip microcomputer 43 and the memory card 44, the single-chip microcomputer 43 and the linear potentiometer circuit, and the power supply 41. The power supply 41 supplies power to the circuits where the single-chip microcomputer 43 and the linear potentiometer are located. That is, the single-chip microcomputer 43 receives the measurement data of the distance measurer 3, processes and converts the measurement data into elevation information, and stores the elevation information in the memory card 44. The printed circuit board 42 can be connected to the distance measurer 3 through a waterproof circuit. In specific implementation, the control terminal 4 can be integrally installed on the support frame 1, and the sealed housing 40 can protect the printed circuit board 42, the single-chip microcomputer 43 and the memory card 44 from water damage.

[0076] In one embodiment, the single-chip microcomputer 43 selects the stm32 kit, and the settings and programming include a timing module and a storage module. Specifically, the chip is set to start once every hour, read the voltage at the position of each current linear potentiometer, convert it into specific elevation information, and record it together with the current time in the memory card 44.

[0077] In one embodiment, the printed circuit board 42 (PCB) is wired and printed according to 9 linear potentiometers, and the single-chip microcomputer 43 is connected to a timing switch, a storage chip and the power supply 41. The memory card 44 selects a 32GB TF card and is connected to the storage module of the stm32 to store the elevation information converted by the single-chip microcomputer 43.

[0078] In one embodiment, the power supply 41 selects No. 5 batteries and is placed in the power supply 41 module to be connected to the PCB board. To maintain long-term high-frequency observation, 8 No. 5 batteries are selected for power supply.

[0079] In one case, the sealed housing 40 is placed on the ground relatively close to the surface elevation observation instrument SET, and a wooden board is placed under it for protection.

[0080] Based on the above embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 , the following gives a method applying the above device, including the following steps:

[0081] S1, Use RTK to measure the elevation and longitude and latitude at the selected layout position as the initial reference elevation;

[0082] S2, Install the intelligent measurement device for the surface elevation of the coastal wetland by drilling holes on the coastal wetland;

[0083] S3. Start the intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of the coastal wetland within a preset time (the preset time is usually the maximum capacity for which the battery can operate), and continuously measure the elevation of the installation location.

[0084] S4. Recover and store the data and replace the battery after a certain period to achieve high-frequency, high-precision, and all-weather monitoring within the period.

[0085] During the working process of this embodiment, the intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of the coastal wetland can monitor the elevation of the installation location of the coastal wetland, thereby achieving continuous elevation monitoring of this location.

[0086] In summary, this embodiment can adapt to the sediment source-sink process that determines the surface elevation change rate (factors such as ebb and flood tides, storm surges, and extreme water level increases during floods will cause large-scale sediment erosion and deposition changes in the tidal flat area in a short period (from hours to days)), conduct high-frequency all-weather monitoring, can ensure high-precision monitoring while adapting to extreme climates, and avoid the information affected by multiple hydrological factors that cannot be continuously obtained due to the limitation of the observation frequency in traditional methods.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0088] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of this application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0089] Finally, it should also be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. A single-chip-based intelligent measurement device for coastal wetland surface elevation, characterized in that: include: A support frame, the support frame comprising a base rod and a measuring arm, the base rod is used to be fixed in the coastal wetland, the measuring arm is connected to the outer wall of the base rod, and the measuring arm is provided with a plurality of through holes, the axes of the through holes are arranged vertically; A plurality of floating rods, wherein the floating rods are inserted into the through holes, the tops of the floating rods are not lower than the bottoms of the through holes, and the floating rods are movably connected to the through holes; A plurality of distance measuring devices, wherein the distance measuring devices are connected to the floating rod and are used to measure the up and down floating height of the floating rod; A control terminal is connected to the plurality of distance measuring devices by signal, and is used to receive and store measurement data of the distance measuring devices.

2. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating rod is a hollow rod body.

3. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom of the floating rod is also connected with a buoy block.

4. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The material of the floating rod and the buoy block is made of at least one of foamed polypropylene, foamed polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and polyvinyl chloride.

5. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance measuring device is a linear potentiometer; The linear potentiometer comprises a linear resistor and a sliding contact; The linear resistor is mounted on the measuring arm; The sliding contact is slidably connected to the linear resistor, and the sliding contact is fixedly connected to the floating rod.

6. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Also includes a waterproof case; The waterproof housing is sealed and installed on the measuring arm, and the waterproof housing and the measuring arm form a containing space; The linear potentiometer and one end of the floating rod provided with the sliding contact are both located in the accommodating space, and the linear potentiometer is connected and fixed to the inner wall of the waterproof shell.

7. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plurality of through holes are evenly arranged on the measuring arm at a preset interval.

8. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support frame also includes a balance bar and a spring member; The balance rod is fixedly connected to the base rod, the balance rod and the measuring arm are arranged on opposite sides of the base rod, the balance rod and the measuring arm are coaxially arranged, and the spring member is connected between the outer wall of the balance rod and the outer wall of the base rod.

9. The intelligent measuring device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to claim 8, characterized in that: The base rod comprises a base rod, a sleeve, and a connecting rod; The bottom end of the base rod is a drill bit, and the sleeve is sleeved on the base rod; The sleeve slides up and down along the axis of the base rod, and the sleeve is detachably fixed on the base rod; The connecting rod is fixed on the sleeve, and the measuring arm, the balancing rod and the spring member are connected and fixed on the connecting rod.

10. A method for intelligent measurement of coastal wetland surface elevation based on a single-chip microcomputer, characterized in that: The intelligent measurement device for the surface elevation of coastal wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is applied, comprising the following steps: S1, using the real-time dynamic measurement principle to measure the elevation and longitude and latitude at the selected deployment location as the initial reference elevation; S2, drilling holes and installing the coastal wetland surface elevation intelligent measuring device on the coastal wetland; S3, within a preset time, continuously measuring the elevation of the deployment location using the coastal wetland surface elevation intelligent measurement device.

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