Land resource ecological service value evaluation data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a remote sensing and ground observation integrated land resource ecological service value evaluation data acquisition system and method, and the system comprises a terminal, a remote sensing module, at least one ground observation module disposed in a to-be-evaluated land area, and a terminal. The ground observation module is used for acquiring ground meteorological data of the land area to be evaluated. According to the system, the telescopic pipe assembly is arranged as a climbing track, the unmanned aerial vehicle can be put and directly inserted into the ground for fixation through telescopic arrangement, construction can be conducted without manual transportation equipment, the telescopic pipe assembly can send an overground acquisition module to the height of a vegetation canopy for monitoring, and meteorological data at different heights can be detected; by arranging the lifting assembly taking the rope as the track, the lifting assembly can carry the aboveground acquisition module in the telescopic pipe assemblies with different radiuses for lifting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of land ecological service value assessment, and particularly relates to a data acquisition system and method for land resource ecological service value assessment integrating remote sensing and ground observation. Background Art

[0002] Land resources include cultivated land, wetlands, forest land, grassland, water areas, and deserts. The ecological service value of land resources reflects the natural ecosystem services provided by various elements in the land ecosystem for humans. These services have a supporting effect on human survival and development, including aspects such as regulating climate, purifying the environment, conserving water sources, soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, disaster reduction, and protecting biodiversity.

[0003] In the prior art, the ecological service value of land resources is generally evaluated through an evaluation model, such as a machine algorithm model. Spatial data such as temperature and humidity, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil type, and land use in the study area, as well as relevant socio-economic data, are collected. The prepared data is input into the machine algorithm model, and the corresponding module is run, and the corresponding parameters are adjusted. The model will simulate and calculate the ecological system service value based on the input data and parameters.

[0004] For the above data, some data can be obtained from socio-economic data, while some data need to be retrieved through remote sensing data, ground meteorological data, and vegetation data. Especially when evaluating the value of service items such as gas regulation, climate regulation, and hydrological regulation, it is necessary to collect meteorological data at different heights near the vegetation (for example, using the PML model to retrieve vegetation evapotranspiration data). Under this requirement, the existing ground meteorological acquisition devices have problems in being difficult to set up in terrain-complex areas such as forest land and wetlands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a data acquisition system and method for land resource ecological service value assessment integrating remote sensing and ground observation to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An integrated remote sensing and ground observation data acquisition system for evaluating the ecological service value of land resources, including a terminal, a remote sensing module, and at least one ground observation module disposed in the land area to be evaluated. The remote sensing module is used to obtain remote sensing images of the land to be evaluated, and the ground observation module is used to obtain ground meteorological data of the land area to be evaluated. The acquisition system is used to inversely obtain the carbon sequestration and oxygen release data and evapotranspiration data of the vegetation of the land to be evaluated by combining the remote sensing images and the ground meteorological data, and input the obtained ground meteorological data, remote sensing images, and inversion data into the terminal, and use a machine algorithm model to calculate the ecological system service value. The land type of the land to be evaluated is transmitted to the terminal through the remote sensing images. The land types include forest land, wetland, cultivated land, desert, lake and river, and grassland. The terminal deploys the ground observation module according to the land type;

[0008] The ground observation module includes an acquisition component for collecting ground meteorological data of the land area to be evaluated. The acquisition component is divided into an above-ground acquisition module and a below-ground acquisition module. The acquisition component includes a telescopic tube component, a flexible track, and a lifting component. The above-ground acquisition module is arranged on the lifting component, and the below-ground acquisition module is arranged at the lower end of the telescopic tube component and enters the land area to be evaluated.

[0009] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the terminal deploys the ground observation module according to the land type, specifically:

[0010] When the land type is forest land, the ground observation module is deployed along different contour lines in the measured area. The vertical interval of the contour lines is 100 - 150 meters, and the number of ground observation modules in the same contour line is at least two groups;

[0011] When the land type is wetland, the ground observation module is deployed along the water level to divide the shallow water area, deep water area, swamp area, and tidal flat area in the measured area. The number of ground observation modules at the same water level is at least two groups;

[0012] When the land type is lake and river, the ground observation module is deployed along the shoreline of the lake or river, and the deployment interval is 1000 - 5000m;

[0013] When the land type is cultivated land, desert, or grassland, the ground observation module is deployed equidistantly along the diagonal, and the deployment interval is 1000 - 5000m.

[0014] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the meteorological data obtained by the above-ground acquisition module includes: ground temperature and humidity, vegetation canopy temperature and humidity, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration; the data obtained by the below-ground acquisition module includes: temperature and humidity at the contact point of the land area to be evaluated.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the telescopic tube assembly is dropped by an unmanned aerial vehicle and then penetrated into the soil of the land area to be assessed. The flexible track is used to form a track inside the telescopic tube assembly for the lifting assembly to climb. The telescopic tube assembly includes an outer tube, a plurality of intermediate tubes and an inner tube that are telescopically arranged to each other. Each level of the telescopic tube is fixed by a telescopic pin arranged on the outer telescopic tube after being fully extended. A counterweight cone is arranged at the bottom of the outer tube. The flexible track is arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube and is used for the track of the lifting assembly. The lifting assembly is used to carry the ground collection module and includes a shell and a winding roller arranged in the shell. The middle part of the flexible track is threadedly wound on the winding roller and is lifted and lowered by the winding roller. The collection assembly also includes a deceleration device, which is arranged at the upper end of the inner tube and is used to decelerate the inner tube during drop so that the telescopic tube assembly can be unfolded.

[0016] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the bottom surfaces of the intermediate tube and the inner tube are both provided with pin holes for plugging with the telescopic pin, and a spring is provided in the telescopic pin. The spring is used to pop out the telescopic pin, so that the telescopic pin enters the pin hole for fixation, thereby preventing the telescopic tube assembly from retracting.

[0017] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the outer tube, the middle tube and the inner tube are all chamfered square tubes, and the curvature of the inner angles of the chamfers are the same. By setting the curvature of the chamfers to be the same, there are gaps at the four corners between the telescopic tubes, and limit blocks can be set in the gaps to prevent the telescopic tubes from detaching from each other after being extended.

[0018] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, an articulated arm is provided on the surface of the shell, and a guide wheel adapted to the chamfer shape is provided at the end of the articulated arm. The articulated arm is pressed against the inner side of the chamfer by a torsion spring arranged on its shaft. In this scheme, the guide wheel is supported on the chamfer to maintain the direction of the lifting assembly. The elastic force provided by the torsion spring causes the articulated arm to be stuck at the chamfer to prevent the shell from rotating.

[0019] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the winding roller is driven by a driving part arranged in a shell, and a fixed rod is also arranged inside the shell, and a toggle tooth is arranged on the fixed rod. The toggle teeth are arranged at intervals in the winding gap of the flexible track, and are used to toggle the flexible track to slide axially along the winding roller when the winding roller rotates. Due to the setting of the telescopic tube assembly, the inner diameters of different telescopic tubes are different, and it is difficult to set the climbing track of the lifting assembly. This scheme performs lifting and lowering by winding the flexible track. Winding can increase the contact area between the flexible track and the winding roller, and improve the friction. Since one end is wound and the other end is unwound during the winding process, the flexible track on the surface of the winding roller will deviate to one side. This scheme uses the toggle teeth to make the flexible track slide axially along the winding roller during the winding process.

[0020] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the speed reduction device includes a speed reduction rope and a speed reduction parachute arranged on the inner tube. An escape hook is arranged inside the inner tube. The end of the speed reduction rope is connected to the escape hook through a rope sleeve. The escape hook is kept normally closed by an elastic member. The other end of the escape hook is connected to a flexible track, and is used to release the escape hook through the flexible track after the telescopic tube assembly is fully deployed. In order to enable the counterweight cone to have sufficient kinetic energy to insert into the ground, after the telescopic tube assembly is fully extended, the flexible track is straightened, driving the escape hook to open, releasing the speed reduction rope and the speed reduction parachute. The speed reduction rope and the speed reduction parachute are made of degradable materials.

[0021] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, a sliding part is further arranged on the upper part of the inner tube. The sliding part is connected with a sliding column that axially penetrates through the inner tube. A photovoltaic panel is arranged on the sliding column. A first buffer spring is arranged between the sliding column and the inner tube. The speed reduction rope penetrates through the sliding column and enters the inner tube. The escape hook is arranged on the sliding part. By arranging the first buffer spring, the photovoltaic panel is buffered when the telescopic tube assembly is inserted into the soil. Correspondingly, a buffer seat and a second buffer spring are also arranged below the lifting assembly carrying the ground acquisition module.

[0022] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the photovoltaic panels are arranged vertically on the circumferential surface of the sliding column and are arrayed on the circumferential surface. By arranging them vertically, it can also be used for guiding when the telescopic tube assembly descends.

[0023] In order to apply the above acquisition system, the present invention also proposes an acquisition method based on the above acquisition system, including the following steps:

[0024] S1: Obtain the land type of the land to be evaluated through the remote sensing image and transmit it to the terminal. The land types include forest land, wetland, cultivated land, desert, lake and river, grassland. The terminal puts the ground observation module according to the land type, and uses a drone to put the telescopic tube assembly to the acquisition point. Before putting, drive the animals within a preset range around the acquisition point away;

[0025] S2: After the telescopic tube assembly is put, it extends under the action of the speed reduction device and is locked by the telescopic pin. The extended telescopic tube assembly is fixed by the counterweight cone to complete the construction of the telescopic tube assembly;

[0026] S3: Lift and lower along the flexible track through the lifting assembly to monitor the meteorological data at different heights. The meteorological data at least includes temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and is transmitted through the communication device.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1) The present invention sets a telescopic tube assembly as a climbing track. The telescopic setting is conducive to being placed by an unmanned aerial vehicle and directly inserted into the ground for fixing. No artificial transportation equipment is required for construction. The telescopic tube assembly can send the ground collection module to the height of the vegetation canopy for monitoring. Especially when evaluating the value of vegetation in woodlands and wetlands, it is conducive to detecting meteorological data at different heights, and inverting parameters such as stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration of vegetation through the meteorological data combined with remote sensing images;

[0029] 2) The present invention provides a lifting assembly with a rope as a track, so that the lifting assembly can carry the ground collection module for lifting in a telescopic tube assembly with different radii. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0032] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure of part B;

[0033] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of part C in the middle;

[0034] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle DD direction;

[0035] Figure 6 is a top cross-sectional view of the lifting assembly of the present invention;

[0036] In the figure: 1. telescopic tube assembly; 11. outer tube; 12. middle tube; 13. inner tube; 14. telescopic pin; 15. pin hole; 16. counterweight cone; 17. underground collection module; 18. barb; 2. lifting assembly; 21. shell; 22. guide wheel; 23. articulated arm; 24. torsion spring; 25. drive unit; 26. winding roller; 27. fixing rod; 28. toggle tooth; 3. flexible track; 4. deceleration device; 41. sliding column; 42. photovoltaic panel; 43. deceleration rope; 44. deceleration umbrella; 45. first buffer spring; 46. sliding unit; 47. disengagement hook; 5. buffer seat; 6. second buffer spring; 7. ground collection module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] As Figure 1-6 shown, a data acquisition system for evaluating the ecological service value of land resources integrating remote sensing and ground observation includes a terminal, a remote sensing module, and at least one ground observation module disposed in the land area to be evaluated. The remote sensing module is used to obtain remote sensing images of the land to be evaluated, and the ground observation module is used to obtain ground meteorological data of the land area to be evaluated. The acquisition system is used to combine the remote sensing images and the ground meteorological data to inversely obtain the carbon sequestration and oxygen release data and evapotranspiration data of the vegetation of the land to be evaluated, and input the obtained ground meteorological data, remote sensing images, and inversion data into the terminal. A machine algorithm model is used to calculate the ecological system service value, and the land type of the land to be evaluated is obtained through the remote sensing images and transmitted to the terminal. The land types include forest land, wetland, cultivated land, desert, lake and river, and grassland. The terminal deploys the ground observation module according to the land type;

[0040] The ground observation module includes an acquisition component for collecting ground meteorological data of the land area to be evaluated. The acquisition component is divided into an above-ground acquisition module 7 and an underground acquisition module 17. The acquisition component includes a telescopic tube component 1, a flexible track 3, and a lifting component 2. The above-ground acquisition module 7 is arranged on the lifting component 2, and the underground acquisition module 17 is arranged at the lower end of the telescopic tube component 1 and enters the land area to be evaluated.

[0041] The terminal deploys the ground observation module according to the land type, specifically as follows:

[0042] When the land type is forest land, the ground observation module is deployed along different contour lines in the measured area. The vertical interval of the contour lines is 100 - 150 meters, and the number of ground observation modules in the same contour line is at least two groups;

[0043] When the land type is wetland, the ground observation module is deployed along the water level to divide the shallow water area, deep water area, swamp area, and tidal flat area in the measured area. The number of ground observation modules at the same water level is at least two groups;

[0044] When the land type is lake and river, the ground observation module is deployed along the lake and river shorelines in the measured area, and the deployment interval is 1000 - 5000m;

[0045] The meteorological data obtained by the above-ground acquisition module 7 includes: ground temperature and humidity, vegetation canopy temperature and humidity, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration; the data obtained by the underground acquisition module 17 includes: temperature and humidity of the contact points in the land area to be evaluated.

[0046] After the telescopic pipe assembly 1 is dropped by a drone, it penetrates into the soil of the land area to be evaluated. The flexible track 3 is used to form a track inside the telescopic pipe assembly 1 for the lifting assembly 2 to climb. The telescopic pipe assembly 1 includes an outer pipe 11, several intermediate pipes 12, and an inner pipe 13 that are telescopically arranged with each other. Each stage of the telescopic pipe is fixed by a telescopic pin 14 provided on the outer telescopic pipe after being fully extended. A counterweight cone 16 is provided at the bottom of the outer pipe 11; the flexible track 3 is arranged between the inner pipe 13 and the outer pipe 11 and is used as the track for the lifting assembly 2; the lifting assembly 2 is used to carry the above-ground acquisition module 7 and includes a housing 21 and a winding roller 26 provided inside the housing 21. The middle part of the flexible track 3 is wound around the winding roller 26 in a threaded manner and is lifted by driving the winding roller 26; the acquisition assembly further includes a speed reduction device 4. The speed reduction device 4 is arranged at the upper end of the inner pipe 13 and is used to slow down the inner pipe 13 during dropping so that the telescopic pipe assembly 1 can be unfolded.

[0047] In this solution, by setting the telescopic pipe assembly 1 as the climbing track, the telescopic setting is beneficial for dropping by a drone, directly inserting into the ground for fixation, and there is no need to build with manual transportation equipment. The telescopic pipe assembly 1 can send the above-ground acquisition module 7 to the vegetation canopy height for monitoring. Especially when evaluating the value of vegetation in forests and wetlands, it is beneficial to detect meteorological data at different heights and invert parameters such as vegetation stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration through this meteorological data combined with remote sensing images; by setting the lifting assembly 2 with a rope as the track, the lifting assembly 2 can carry the above-ground acquisition module 7 in the telescopic pipe assembly 1 with different radii for lifting.

[0048] Pin holes 15 for inserting the telescopic pins 14 are provided on the bottom surfaces of the intermediate pipe 12 and the inner pipe 13. A spring is provided inside the telescopic pin 14, and the telescopic pin 14 is ejected into the pin hole 15 by the spring for fixation to prevent the telescopic pipe assembly 1 from retracting after elongation.

[0049] The outer pipe 11, the intermediate pipe 12, and the inner pipe 13 are all chamfered square pipes, and the inner corner radian of the chamfer is the same. As Figure 5 shown, by setting the same chamfer radian, there are gaps at the four corners between the inner and outer telescopic pipes. Limit blocks (not shown in the figure) can be set in these gaps so that the telescopic pipe assembly 1 is restricted to the maximum extension degree after extension to prevent mutual separation.

[0050] An articulated arm 23 is provided on the surface of the shell 21, and a guide wheel 22 adapted to the chamfer shape is provided at the end of the articulated arm 23. The articulated arm 23 is pressed against the inner side of the chamfer by a torsion spring 24 provided on its shaft. In this scheme, the guide wheel 22 is provided to support the chamfer so as to keep the lifting assembly 2 in direction. The elastic force provided by the torsion spring 24 causes the articulated arm 23 to be stuck at the chamfer to prevent the shell 21 from rotating.

[0051] The winding roller 26 is driven by a driving unit 25 arranged in the shell 21, and a fixed rod 27 is also arranged inside the shell 21. The fixed rod 27 is provided with a toggle tooth 28. The toggle tooth 28 is arranged at intervals in the winding gap of the flexible track 3, and is used to toggle the flexible track 3 to slide axially along the winding roller 26 when the winding roller 26 rotates. Due to the setting of the telescopic tube assembly 1, the inner diameters of different telescopic tubes are different, so it is difficult to set the climbing track of the lifting assembly 2. This scheme lifts and lowers by winding the flexible track 3. Winding can increase the contact area between the flexible track 3 and the winding roller 26 and enhance the friction. Since one end is wound up and the other end is unwound during the winding process, the flexible track 3 wrapped on the surface of the winding roller 26 will deviate to one side. This scheme uses the toggle tooth 28 to make the flexible track 3 slide axially along the winding roller 26 during the winding process.

[0052] The deceleration device 4 includes a deceleration rope 43 and a deceleration parachute 44 arranged on the inner tube 13. A detachment hook 47 is arranged inside the inner tube 13. The end of the deceleration rope 43 is connected to the detachment hook 47 through a rope loop. The detachment hook 47 is kept normally closed by an elastic component. A certain force angle needs to be set between the deceleration rope 43 and the detachment hook 47 to prevent detachment due to tension. The other end of the detachment hook 47 is connected to the flexible track 3, which is used to release the detachment hook 47 through the flexible track 3 after the telescopic tube assembly 1 is fully unfolded. In order to enable the counterweight cone 16 to have sufficient kinetic energy to insert into the ground, after the telescopic tube assembly 1 is fully extended, the flexible track 3 is straightened, driving the detachment hook 47 to open, and the deceleration rope 43 and the deceleration parachute 44 are released and discarded. The deceleration rope 43 and the deceleration parachute 44 are made of degradable materials.

[0053] A sliding portion 46 is also provided on the upper part of the inner tube 13, and the sliding portion 46 is connected to a sliding column 41 that penetrates axially through the inner tube 13. A photovoltaic panel 42 is provided on the sliding column 41, and a first buffer spring 45 is provided between the sliding column 41 and the inner tube 13. By providing the first buffer spring 45, the photovoltaic panel 42 is buffered when the telescopic tube assembly 1 is inserted into the soil. Correspondingly, a buffer seat 5 and a second buffer spring 6 are also provided under the lifting assembly carrying the ground collection module 7. In order to make the deceleration rope 43 on the central axis of the inner tube 13, the deceleration rope 43 penetrates the sliding column 41 and enters the inner tube 13, and the disengagement hook 47 is provided on the sliding portion 46.

[0054] The photovoltaic panel 42 is vertically arranged on the circumferential surface of the sliding column 41 and is distributed in an array on the circumferential surface. By being vertically arranged, it can also be used for guiding when the telescopic pipe assembly 1 descends. Since the lifting assembly 2 is slidably arranged and has a long sliding stroke, the electric energy obtained by the photovoltaic panel 42 can be used to charge the lifting assembly 2 through wireless contact charging.

[0055] To apply the above acquisition system, the present invention also proposes an acquisition method based on the above acquisition system, including the following steps:

[0056] S1: Obtain the land type of the land to be evaluated from the remote sensing image and transmit it to the terminal. The land types include forest land, wetland, cultivated land, desert, lake and river, and grassland. The terminal puts the ground observation module according to the land type. Use a drone to put the telescopic pipe assembly 1 to the acquisition point. Before putting, drive away the animals within a preset range around the acquisition point;

[0057] Specifically, when the land type is forest land, the ground observation module is put along different contour lines in the measured area. The vertical interval of the contour lines is 100 - 150 meters, and the number of ground observation modules in the same contour line is at least two groups;

[0058] When the land type is wetland, the ground observation module is put along the water level to divide the shallow water area, deep water area, swamp area, and tidal flat area in the measured area. The number of ground observation modules at the same water level is at least two groups;

[0059] When the land type is lake and river, the ground observation module is put along the lake and river shoreline in the measured area, and the putting interval is 1000 - 5000m;

[0060] When the land type is cultivated land, desert, and grassland, the ground observation module is put equidistantly along the diagonal, and the putting interval is 1000 - 5000m.

[0061] S2: After the telescopic pipe assembly 1 is put, it elongates under the action of the speed reduction device 4 and is locked by the telescopic pin 14. The elongated telescopic pipe assembly 1 is fixed by the counterweight cone 16 to complete the construction of the telescopic pipe assembly 1;

[0062] S3: Lift and lower along the flexible track 3 through the lifting assembly 2 to monitor the meteorological data at different heights. The meteorological data at least includes temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and is transmitted through the communication device.

[0063] The implementation method is specifically as follows: By selecting the data collection location, the collection location needs to avoid lush forests to prevent difficulty in driving away animals or making it difficult to insert the telescopic pipe assembly 1 into the soil. After selecting the location, use the drone thermal imaging system to drive away the animals in the delivery area. When animals are found, drive them away. After ensuring safety, the drone delivers the telescopic pipe assembly 1. Under the resistance of the speed reduction device 4, the inner pipe 13 extends upward relative to the main body of the telescopic pipe assembly 1. After the inner pipe 13 is stuck by the telescopic pin 14, pull out the next intermediate pipe 12 in turn. After all are extended, the flexible track 3 is straightened, pull the release hook 47 to release the speed reduction parachute and the speed reduction rope 43. The fully extended telescopic pipe assembly 1 falls and is inserted into the soil by the counterweight cone 16. After checking whether it is firmly fixed, the collection device is completed.

[0064] When collecting data, especially when collecting meteorological data in wetlands and woodlands, climb along the flexible track 3 through the lifting assembly 2 to collect meteorological data, and use the remote sensing inversion method in the existing technology to evaluate the value of the regulation effect of vegetation on the atmosphere. As for the value evaluation in the supply service, the value of each raw material and food output can be directly calculated through the data of the statistical bureau. Barbs 18 can be set on the counterweight cone 16 to make it more firm. Soil data can be tested by the underground collection module 17. The underground collection module 17 uses multiple soil probes, which are arranged behind the barbs 18 to prevent soil impact when piercing, and are respectively arranged at different depths. The above-ground collection module 7 uses meteorological sensors, and a communication module can be set to communicate externally. When detecting rainfall, the rainfall sensor can be separately set on the sliding column 41 to extend out of the tree canopy layer to detect rainfall.

[0065] The above embodiments only represent several implementation methods of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation, comprising a terminal, a remote sensing module, and at least one ground observation module arranged in the land area to be assessed, wherein the remote sensing module is used to obtain remote sensing images of the land to be assessed, and the ground observation module is used to obtain ground meteorological data of the land area to be assessed, and the acquisition system is used to combine the remote sensing images and the ground meteorological data to invert and obtain carbon fixation and oxygen release data and evapotranspiration data of the vegetation on the land to be assessed, and input the acquired ground meteorological data, remote sensing images, and inverted data into the terminal, and use a machine algorithm model to calculate the ecosystem service value, characterized in that: The land type of the land to be evaluated is obtained through the remote sensing image and transmitted to the terminal, and the land type includes forest land, wetland, cultivated land, desert, lakes and rivers, and grassland. The terminal deploys a ground observation module according to the land type; The ground observation module comprises a collection component for collecting ground meteorological data of a land area to be evaluated, the collection component is divided into a ground collection module (7) and an underground collection module (17), the collection component comprises a telescopic tube component (1), a flexible track (3) and a lifting component (2), the ground collection module (7) is arranged on the lifting component (2), and the underground collection module (17) is arranged at the lower end of the telescopic tube component (1) to enter the land area to be evaluated.

2. According to claim 1, a land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation is characterized in that: The terminal deploys a ground observation module according to the land type, specifically: When the land type is forest land, the ground observation modules are deployed along different contour lines in the measured area, the vertical interval of the contour lines is 100-150 meters, and the number of ground observation modules in the same contour line is at least two groups; When the land type is wetland, the ground observation modules are deployed in the measured area along the water level to divide the shallow water area, deep water area, swamp area, and tidal flat area, and the number of ground observation modules with the same water level is at least two groups; When the land type is lakes and rivers, the ground observation module is deployed along the river and lake shoreline in the measured area, with a deployment interval of 1000-5000m; When the land type is cultivated land, desert or grassland, the ground observation modules are deployed equidistantly along the diagonal line with an interval of 1000-5000m.

3. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 2 is characterized by: The meteorological data acquired by the above-ground acquisition module (7) include: ground temperature and humidity, vegetation canopy temperature and humidity, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration; the data acquired by the underground acquisition module (17) include: contact point temperature and humidity of the land area to be evaluated.

4. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 3 is characterized by: The telescopic tube assembly (1) is dropped by an unmanned aerial vehicle and then inserted into the soil of a land area to be assessed. The flexible track (3) is used to form a track inside the telescopic tube assembly (1) for the lifting assembly (2) to climb. The telescopic tube assembly (1) comprises an outer tube (11), a plurality of intermediate tubes (12) and an inner tube (13) which are arranged to be telescopically connected to each other. After each stage of the telescopic tube is fully extended, it is fixed by a telescopic pin (14) arranged on the outer telescopic tube. A counterweight cone (16) is arranged at the bottom of the outer tube (11). The flexible track (3) is arranged on the inner tube. The flexible track (3) is provided between the inner tube (13) and the outer tube (11), and is used for a track of a lifting assembly (2); the lifting assembly (2) is used for carrying a ground collection module (7), and comprises a shell (21), and a winding roller (26) arranged in the shell (21); the middle part of the flexible track (3) is wound on the winding roller (26) by a thread, and is lifted and lowered by the winding roller (26); the collection assembly also comprises a deceleration device (4), which is arranged at the upper end of the inner tube (13) and is used for decelerating the inner tube (13) when being deployed, so as to enable the telescopic tube assembly (1) to unfold.

5. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 4 is characterized by: The bottom surfaces of the intermediate tube (12) and the inner tube (13) are both provided with pin holes (15) for plugging with the telescopic pin (14); the outer tube (11), the intermediate tube (12) and the inner tube (13) are all chamfered square tubes, and the inner angle radians of the chamfers are all the same.

6. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 5 is characterized by: The surface of the housing (21) is provided with an articulated arm (23), the end of the articulated arm (23) is provided with a guide wheel (22) adapted to the chamfer shape, and the articulated arm (23) is pressed against the inner side of the chamfer by a torsion spring (24) arranged on the shaft portion thereof.

7. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 4 is characterized by: The winding roller (26) is driven by a driving unit (25) arranged in a housing (21), and a fixing rod (27) is also arranged inside the housing (21). The fixing rod (27) is provided with a toggle tooth (28). The toggle tooth (28) is arranged at intervals in the winding gap of the flexible track (3) and is used to toggle the flexible track (3) to slide axially along the winding roller (26) when the winding roller (26) rotates.

8. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 4 is characterized by: The deceleration device (4) comprises a deceleration rope (43) and a deceleration parachute (44) arranged on an inner tube (13); a disengagement hook (47) is arranged inside the inner tube (13); the end of the deceleration rope (43) is connected to the disengagement hook (47) through a rope loop; the disengagement hook (47) is kept normally closed by an elastic component; the other end of the disengagement hook (47) is connected to a flexible track (3) for releasing the disengagement hook (47) through the flexible track (3) after the telescopic tube assembly (1) is fully unfolded.

9. The land resource ecological service value assessment data acquisition system integrating remote sensing and ground observation according to claim 8 is characterized by: A sliding portion (46) is also provided on the upper portion of the inner tube (13), and the sliding portion (46) is connected to a sliding column (41) that penetrates axially through the inner tube (13), and a photovoltaic panel (42) is provided on the sliding column (41). A first buffer spring (45) is provided between the sliding column (41) and the inner tube (13), and a deceleration rope (43) penetrates through the sliding column (41) and enters the inner tube (13), and the disengagement hook (47) is provided on the sliding portion (46).

10. A data collection method for a land resource ecological service value assessment data collection system, based on the collection system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: The land type of the land to be evaluated is obtained through the remote sensing image and transmitted to the terminal. The land types include forest land, wetland, cultivated land, desert, lakes and rivers, and grassland. The terminal deploys a ground observation module according to the land type, and uses a drone to deploy the telescopic tube assembly (1) to the collection point. Before the deployment, animals within a preset range around the collection point are driven away; S2: After the telescopic tube assembly (1) is deployed, it is extended under the action of the retarding device (4) and locked by the telescopic pin (14). The extended telescopic tube assembly (1) is fixed by the counterweight cone (16), and the construction of the telescopic tube assembly (1) is completed; S3: The lifting assembly (2) is lifted and lowered along the flexible track (3) to monitor meteorological data at different heights. The meteorological data includes at least temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and is transmitted via a communication device.

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