Transducer screening method, device, equipment, storage medium and product

Abstract

The invention discloses a transducer screening method and device, equipment, a storage medium and a product, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a head wave of an ultrasonic signal, determining the amplitude of the head wave, and enabling the head wave to be a signal wave of a first ultrasonic signal detected under an initial threshold voltage; judging whether the amplitude of the head wave is in a preset amplitude interval or not, if not, eliminating the transducer, and if yes, determining the pulse width ratio of the head wave; adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the head wave to obtain a head wave threshold voltage; under the head wave threshold voltage, signal waves of the detected ultrasonic signals are obtained, and the pulse width ratio and the amplitude of each signal wave are determined; determining an evaluation coefficient by using the pulse width ratio variance, the pulse width ratio mean value, the amplitude variance and the amplitude mean value; if the evaluation coefficient is smaller than the preset value, the current transducer is reserved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of sensors, and in particular, to a transducer screening method, device, equipment, storage medium and product. Background Art

[0002] The measurement accuracy of ultrasonic water meters is significantly affected by the performance matching degree of transducers, and there are certain technical blind spots in traditional screening mechanisms. These include:

[0003] Traditional transducer screening methods cannot comprehensively evaluate the performance of transducers. One-sided screening methods are prone to misselecting transducers with potential performance problems, resulting in various faults and errors in actual applications; in actual applications, since ultrasonic signals are affected by environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, noise, etc.), the optimal working threshold of transducers may change. Existing screening methods cannot adapt to complex and changeable working environments, resulting in poor performance of the selected transducers in actual use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a transducer screening method, device, equipment, storage medium and product to achieve the purpose of solving at least one defect existing in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a transducer screening method, including:

[0006] Obtain the first wave of an ultrasonic signal and determine the amplitude of the first wave, where the first wave is the signal wave of the first detected ultrasonic signal under an initial threshold voltage;

[0007] Judge whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range. If not, eliminate the transducer. If so, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave;

[0008] Adjust the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain a first wave threshold voltage, where the first wave threshold voltage satisfies that, under this first wave threshold voltage, the pulse width ratio of the first detected ultrasonic signal is within a preset pulse width ratio range;

[0009] Under the first wave threshold voltage, obtain the signal waves of several detected ultrasonic signals, and determine the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave;

[0010] Determine the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean of the signal waves, and determine an evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean;

[0011] If the evaluation coefficient is less than a preset value, retain the current transducer.

[0012] Optionally, adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage includes:

[0013] If the pulse width ratio of the first wave is greater than the upper limit of the pulse width ratio threshold, the initial threshold voltage is decreased by a preset step. If the pulse width ratio of the first wave is less than the lower limit of the pulse width ratio threshold, the initial threshold voltage is increased by a preset step.

[0014] Optionally, determining an evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, the pulse width ratio mean, the amplitude variance, and the amplitude mean includes determining the evaluation coefficient using the following formula:

[0015] S = σ(R) / μ(R) + σ(A) / μ(A)

[0016] In the formula, S represents the evaluation coefficient, σ(R) represents the pulse width ratio variance, μ(R) represents the pulse width ratio mean, σ(A) represents the amplitude variance, and μ(A) represents the amplitude mean.

[0017] Optionally, the amplitude range is 60 mV to 120 mV, and the pulse width ratio range is 110 to 130.

[0018] Optionally, the ultrasonic signal is a downstream signal or an upstream signal in a full pipe flow state.

[0019] Optionally, the environment for generating and detecting the ultrasonic signal is the same as the environment when the transducer is installed in the actual pipeline.

[0020] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a transducer screening device, including a transducer screening unit, where the transducer screening unit is configured to:

[0021] Obtain the first wave of the ultrasonic signal, and determine the amplitude of the first wave, where the first wave is the signal wave of the first detected ultrasonic signal under the initial threshold voltage;

[0022] Judge whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range. If not, the transducer is eliminated. If so, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave;

[0023] Adjust the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage, where the first wave threshold voltage satisfies that, under this first wave threshold voltage, the pulse width ratio of the first detected ultrasonic signal is within a preset pulse width ratio range;

[0024] Under the first wave threshold voltage, obtain the signal waves of several detected ultrasonic signals, and determine the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave;

[0025] Determine the variance of the pulse width ratio, the mean of the pulse width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean of the amplitude of the signal wave, and determine the evaluation coefficient by using the variance of the pulse width ratio, the mean of the pulse width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean of the amplitude;

[0026] If the evaluation coefficient is less than the preset value, retain the current transducer.

[0027] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor;

[0028] The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute any transducer screening method recorded in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to implement any transducer screening method recorded in the embodiments of the present invention when executed by a processor.

[0030] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to implement any transducer screening method recorded in the embodiments of the present invention when executed by a processor.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention proposes a transducer screening method. After obtaining the first wave of the ultrasonic signal, the method determines whether its amplitude is within a preset amplitude range to quickly screen out those transducers whose signal intensity does not meet the requirements. When the amplitude of the first wave meets the requirements, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave and adjust the initial threshold voltage accordingly, so that the pulse width ratio detected under the new first wave threshold voltage is within a preset range. The pulse width ratio reflects the characteristics of the ultrasonic signal, and different application scenarios have specific requirements for the signal pulse width ratio. By adjusting the threshold voltage to match the pulse width ratio, it can ensure that the signal output by the transducer has stable and required characteristics. Obtain multiple signal waves under the first wave threshold voltage, and determine the variance of the pulse width ratio, the mean of the pulse width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean of the amplitude, and then calculate the evaluation coefficient. The evaluation coefficient obtained by comprehensively considering these parameters can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the transducer. Compared with evaluating only relying on a single parameter, this multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation method can more carefully discover the problems existing in the transducer and screen out transducers with better performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the transducer screening method in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in an embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that for the convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention rather than all structures are shown in the drawings.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a transducer screening method in an embodiment. Refer to Figure 1 , the transducer screening method includes:

[0037] S101. Obtain the first wave of the ultrasonic signal and determine the amplitude of the first wave.

[0038] In this solution, it is set that the transducer is specifically an ultrasonic transducer, and the ultrasonic transducer is used in the scenario of ultrasonic detection. In the scenario of ultrasonic detection, ultrasonic transducers are usually used in pairs.

[0039] Two ultrasonic transducers usually adopt a one-transmitting-and-one-receiving mode. One transducer emits ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves propagate in the object to be detected. When encountering defects or the like, reflection, refraction, and scattering will occur, and the other transducer receives the reflected ultrasonic signal.

[0040] When ultrasonic transducers are used in pairs, the matching degree of the transducers affects the transmission efficiency of ultrasonic signals, the detection accuracy, and the stability of the system (using ultrasonic transducers), etc.

[0041] Exemplarily, the matching degree of ultrasonic transducers is affected by frequency. If the center frequencies of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are the same and high, the frequency matching degree is high. If the ultrasonic frequency emitted by the transmitting transducer does not match the optimal receiving frequency of the receiving transducer, the signal intensity received by the receiving transducer will be weakened, and it may even be impossible to effectively receive the signal, resulting in the inability to normally implement functions such as detection or communication.

[0042] The matching degree of ultrasonic transducers is also affected by impedance. In a circuit, the transmitting transducer is equivalent to a signal source, and the receiving transducer is equivalent to a load. If the output impedance of the transmitting transducer does not match the input impedance of the receiving transducer, signal reflection will occur, reducing the power transmitted to the receiving transducer and lowering the efficiency of the system. At the same time, impedance mismatch may also cause signal distortion, affecting the accuracy of the detection result.

[0043] The matching degree of ultrasonic transducers is also affected by acoustic characteristics. Acoustic characteristics include sound pressure, beam directivity, etc. If the sound pressure generated by the transmitting transducer does not match the sensitivity of the receiving transducer, it may cause the received signal to be too strong or too weak, affecting signal processing and analysis. If the beam directions of the transmitting and receiving transducers are inconsistent, it will be difficult for the receiving transducer to receive the ultrasonic waves emitted by the transmitting transducer.

[0044] The matching degree of ultrasonic transducers is also affected by time characteristics. In some applications that require precise measurement of time intervals, such as ultrasonic ranging and ultrasonic positioning, the time relationship between the moment when the transmitting transducer emits a signal and the moment when the receiving transducer receives the signal needs to be accurately matched. If there is a large time delay or jitter, it will cause an increase in the error of the measurement result.

[0045] In this solution, a transducer screening method is set for screening paired ultrasonic transducers, and its purpose is to screen out ultrasonic transducers whose matching degree as the transmitting and receiving ultrasonic transducers meets the requirements of detection accuracy.

[0046] In this solution, the ultrasonic signal is the ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic transducer.

[0047] When detecting some dynamic processes or objects in change (such as monitoring the flow state of a fluid), it is necessary to continuously send multiple ultrasonic signals to monitor the state change of the object in real time. In this solution, subsequent steps of analysis and processing are based on the first wave of the ultrasonic signal.

[0048] In this solution, the first wave is the signal wave of the first ultrasonic signal detected under the initial threshold voltage.

[0049] Exemplarily, in this solution, the threshold voltage is used to regard signals with amplitudes lower than its corresponding value as noise signals and filter them out. Only when the amplitude of the received signal is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, is it considered an effective ultrasonic signal for subsequent processing.

[0050] Exemplarily, in this solution, the initial threshold voltage is a preset threshold voltage, and its specific value can be set according to experience.

[0051] Exemplarily, in this solution, the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal refers to the magnitude of the voltage or current converted into an electrical signal after the transducer receives the ultrasonic signal. It reflects the intensity of the received ultrasonic signal.

[0052] S102. Determine whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range. If not, eliminate the transducer. If so, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave.

[0053] In this solution, if the amplitude of the first wave is not within the preset amplitude range, replace the pair of transducers or replace one of them, and then repeat step S101. If it is within the preset amplitude range, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave and proceed with the subsequent steps.

[0054] Exemplarily, in this solution, the pulse width ratio refers to the ratio of the pulse width in the received ultrasonic signal to a certain reference value, which can be the ratio of the pulse width of the received ultrasonic signal to the pulse width of the transmitted ultrasonic signal, or the ratio of the pulse width of the received ultrasonic signal to the pulse width of the set reference ultrasonic signal.

[0055] Exemplarily, in this solution, for a certain type of transducer, the amplitude range can be determined through simulation tests, experience, etc.

[0056] S103. Adjust the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage.

[0057] In this solution, it is set that the finally obtained first wave threshold voltage satisfies: at this first wave threshold voltage, the pulse width ratio of the first detected ultrasonic information is within the preset pulse width ratio range.

[0058] Exemplarily, in this solution, adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave can be as follows:

[0059] Set the initial threshold voltage as V_0, and set the preset pulse width ratio range as (P_min, P_max). Determine the pulse width ratio P_0 of the first wave. Set a maximum number of attempts N.

[0060] Set a voltage search range, with the lower limit V_low = V_0 - △V and the upper limit V_high = V_0 + △V, where △V is a voltage change value set according to experience.

[0061] Set the number of loops as n. When n < N:

[0062] Calculate the middle value V_m of the current search range: V_m = (V_low + V_high) / 2.

[0063] At the threshold voltage V_m, detect the pulse width ratio P of the first ultrasonic information. If P is within the preset pulse width ratio range, then V_m is the first wave threshold voltage and the loop ends.

[0064] If P < P_min, update the lower limit of the search range to V_low = V_m.

[0065] If P > P_max, update the upper limit of the search range to V_high = V_m.

[0066] S104. At the first-wave threshold voltage, obtain the signal waves of several detected ultrasonic signals, and determine the pulse-width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave.

[0067] S105. Determine the variance of the pulse-width ratio, the mean value of the pulse-width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean value of the amplitude of the signal waves, and use the variance of the pulse-width ratio, the mean value of the pulse-width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean value of the amplitude to determine the evaluation coefficient.

[0068] In this solution, the variance of the pulse-width ratio is the variance of all the corresponding pulse-width ratios determined from all the detected ultrasonic signals, the mean value of the pulse-width ratio is the average value of all the corresponding pulse-width ratios, the variance of the amplitude is the variance of all the corresponding amplitudes, and the mean value of the amplitude is the average value of all the corresponding amplitudes.

[0069] Exemplarily, in this solution, the evaluation coefficient can be determined using the weighted Euclidean formula, including:

[0070] First, perform normalization processing on the variance of the pulse-width ratio, the mean value of the pulse-width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean value of the amplitude, and then set the weight vector according to the importance of the pulse-width ratio and amplitude-related parameters to the transducer performance.

[0071] Finally, with reference to the standard values of these parameters of a pre-set ideal transducer, calculate the evaluation coefficient through the weighted Euclidean distance.

[0072] Exemplarily, in this solution, the weighted Euclidean formula can be:

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, x1 is the normalized value of the variance of the pulse-width ratio, x2 is the normalized value of the mean value of the pulse-width ratio, x3 is the normalized value of the variance of the amplitude, x4 is the normalized value of the mean value of the amplitude, u1 is the set reference variance of the pulse-width ratio, u2 is the set reference mean value of the pulse-width ratio, u3 is the set reference variance of the amplitude, u4 is the set reference mean value of the amplitude, and w1, w2, w3, w4 are pre-set weight coefficients.

[0075] Exemplarily, in this solution, the evaluation coefficient can also be determined using the coefficient evaluation formula, and the coefficient evaluation formula can be:

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, represents the variance of the pulse-width ratio, represents the mean value of the pulse-width ratio, represents the variance of the amplitude, represents the mean value of the amplitude, and w1, w2, w3, w4 are pre-set weight coefficients.

[0078] S106. If the evaluation coefficient is less than the preset value, retain the current transducer.

[0079] Exemplarily, in this solution, the preset value can be determined through experiments. When the evaluation coefficient is less than the preset value, the matching degree of the transducer should meet the preset requirements, which can be one or more of the following matching degree requirements:

[0080] The frequency deviation between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer is within a certain range, usually ±1% - ±5% of the center frequency.

[0081] The output impedance of the transmitting transducer is as equal as possible to the input impedance of the receiving transducer. Generally, the impedance ratio between the two is required to be between 0.5 and 2 to ensure good power transmission and signal quality.

[0082] The sound pressure generated by the transmitting transducer is within the linear response range of the receiving transducer to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the received signal. For the sound beam directivity, it is required that the main lobe directions of the transmitting and receiving transducers are as consistent as possible, and the deviation is generally not more than ±5° - ±10°.

[0083] The time synchronization accuracy between the transmitting and receiving transducers is at the microsecond level or even the nanosecond level.

[0084] This embodiment proposes a transducer screening method. After obtaining the first wave of the ultrasonic signal, it judges whether its amplitude is within the preset amplitude interval to quickly screen out those transducers whose signal strength does not meet the requirements. When the amplitude of the first wave meets the requirements, the pulse width ratio of the first wave is determined and the initial threshold voltage is adjusted accordingly, so that the pulse width ratio detected under the new first wave threshold voltage is within the preset interval. The pulse width ratio reflects the characteristics of the ultrasonic signal, and different application scenarios have specific requirements for the signal pulse width ratio. By adjusting the threshold voltage to match the pulse width ratio, it can ensure that the signal output by the transducer has stable and required characteristics. Obtain multiple signal waves under the first wave threshold voltage, and determine their pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean, and then calculate the evaluation coefficient. The evaluation coefficient obtained by comprehensively considering these parameters can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the performance of the transducer. Compared with evaluating only relying on a single parameter, this multi-parameter comprehensive evaluation method can more carefully discover the problems existing in the transducer and screen out transducers with better performance.

[0085] Based on the foregoing solution, in an implementable solution, adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage includes:

[0086] If the pulse width ratio of the first wave is greater than the upper limit of the pulse width ratio threshold, the initial threshold voltage is decreased by a preset step. If the pulse width ratio of the first wave is less than the lower limit of the pulse width ratio threshold, the initial threshold voltage is increased by a preset step.

[0087] In this solution, the initial threshold voltage is V_0. The preset pulse width ratio interval is set to (P_min, P_max). The pulse width ratio of the first wave is determined to be P. A fixed voltage adjustment step △V (for example, 2mV) is set.

[0088] If the pulse width ratio P is greater than the preset pulse width ratio interval upper limit P_max, the current threshold voltage is taken as the starting point (the threshold voltage adjusted for the first time is the initial threshold voltage) and the current threshold voltage is reduced by ΔV.

[0089] If the pulse width ratio P is less than the preset pulse width ratio interval lower limit P_min, the current threshold voltage is taken as the starting point and the current threshold voltage is increased by △V.

[0090] At the new threshold voltage after each increase or decrease, the pulse width ratio P of the first ultrasonic information is detected, and then the above steps are repeated until the detected pulse width ratio P is within the preset pulse width ratio range (P_min, P_max). The threshold voltage at this time is the first wave threshold voltage.

[0091] Based on any of the above schemes, in one possible implementation scheme, determining the evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, the pulse width ratio mean, the amplitude variance and the amplitude mean includes determining the evaluation coefficient using the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] Where S is the evaluation coefficient, σ(R) is the pulse width ratio variance, μ(R) is the pulse width ratio mean, σ(A) is the amplitude variance, and μ(A) is the amplitude mean.

[0094] In this scheme, the pulse width ratio variance σ(R) reflects the discreteness of the pulse width ratio data of the ultrasonic signal received by the transducer. The larger its value, the more drastic the fluctuation of the pulse width ratio in multiple measurements. The pulse width ratio mean μ(R) represents the average level of the pulse width ratio data.

[0095] σ(R) / μ(R) indicates the degree of pulse width ratio fluctuation relative to the average pulse width ratio. This item can reflect whether the transducer can accurately identify the characteristics of the ultrasonic signal.

[0096] The amplitude variance σ(A) reflects the discreteness of the signal amplitude data. The larger the amplitude variance, the greater the fluctuation of the signal amplitude in multiple measurements. The amplitude mean μ(A) is the average size of the amplitude data.

[0097] σ(A) / μ(A) indicates the degree of amplitude fluctuation compared to the average amplitude. When the amplitude variance is large and the amplitude mean is relatively stable, the ratio will increase. This item can reflect whether the intensity of the ultrasonic signal received by the transducer is stable.

[0098] In this solution, the σ(R) / μ(R) of the pulse width ratio part is added to the σ(A) / μ(A) of the amplitude part to obtain the evaluation coefficient S. The value of S comprehensively reflects the relationship between the fluctuations of the pulse width ratio and the amplitude and their average levels.

[0099] In this solution, the smaller the value of S, the smaller the fluctuations of the pulse width ratio and the amplitude relative to their respective means, the more stable the ultrasonic signal received by the transducer, which also means the better the performance of the transducer. Through this evaluation coefficient S, the performance of the transducer can be intuitively quantified and judged, providing an important basis for decision-making in practical applications such as transducer screening.

[0100] On the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in an implementable solution, the amplitude range is 60 mV to 120 mV, and the pulse width ratio range is 110 to 130.

[0101] In this solution, the initial threshold voltage is set to 128 mV, the amplitude range is set to 60 mV to 120 mV, and the pulse width ratio range is set to 110 to 130.

[0102] Exemplarily, in this solution, the initial threshold voltage can be determined by theoretical calculation considering the sensitivity, noise level, and signal strength of the transducer circuit. The initial threshold voltage can also be determined by experience considering the balance between the accuracy and stability of signal detection.

[0103] Exemplarily, in this solution, through the statistical analysis of a large amount of experimental data, the distribution of the amplitudes of ultrasonic signals under different working conditions can be obtained. According to the statistical results, a suitable amplitude range is determined so that most effective signals can fall within this range.

[0104] Considering the performance of the transducer itself, the range of 60 mV to 120 mV can cover the range of most effective signals.

[0105] Exemplarily, in this solution, in combination with experimental data, considering the stability and anti-interference ability of the transducer, the pulse width ratio range is set to 110 to 130. This range can represent the range of normal signal characteristics, effectively excluding the influence of interference signals, and improving the accuracy and reliability of measurement.

[0106] On the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in an implementable solution, the ultrasonic signal is a downstream signal or an upstream signal in a full-pipe flow state.

[0107] In this solution, it is set that the transducer is used in combination with an ultrasonic water meter for measuring the water flow rate in a pipeline.

[0108] In this solution, the full-pipe flow state means that in the pipeline, the water completely fills the pipeline without gas-liquid mixture or the pipeline is not filled with water.

[0109] In this state, the water flow is stable and uniform, the path and environment of the ultrasonic signal propagation in water are relatively stable, the ultrasonic signal will not be interfered by complex situations such as gas-liquid interfaces or partially filled pipelines, the propagation characteristics of the signal are relatively consistent, and the measurement accuracy and reliability can be improved.

[0110] In this solution, the downstream signal refers to the signal generated when the ultrasonic wave propagates along the water flow direction under the full pipe flow state. The upstream signal is the signal generated when the ultrasonic wave propagates against the water flow direction under the full pipe flow state.

[0111] On the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in an implementable solution, the environment for generating and detecting the ultrasonic signal is the same as the environment when the transducer is installed in the actual pipeline.

[0112] In this solution, when generating and detecting the ultrasonic signal to determine the matching degree of the transducer, the configured test environment is exactly the same as the environment where the transducer is actually installed in the pipeline.

[0113] Specifically, various conditions simulated in the test stage, such as the water flow state (full pipe flow, flow velocity change range, etc.), pipeline material and geometric shape, surrounding temperature and humidity, etc., should accurately replicate the real scenario of the transducer in actual engineering applications as much as possible.

[0114] This solution generates and detects ultrasonic signals by simulating the same environment as the actual installation, and can fully consider the possible influence of installation tolerances during the preliminary test process. It effectively reduces the measurement error caused by the installation angle deviation, ensures the measurement accuracy, and makes the measurement result closer to the true value.

[0115] Reference Figure 1 , on the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in an implementable solution, the transducer screening method includes:

[0116] S101. Obtain the first wave of the ultrasonic signal and determine the amplitude of the first wave.

[0117] S102. Determine whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range. If not, eliminate the transducer. If so, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave.

[0118] S103. Adjust the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage.

[0119] S104. Under the first wave threshold voltage, obtain the signal waves of several detected ultrasonic signals, and determine the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave.

[0120] S105. Determine the variance of the pulse width ratio, the mean value of the pulse width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean value of the amplitude of the signal wave, and determine the evaluation coefficient by using the variance of the pulse width ratio, the mean value of the pulse width ratio, the variance of the amplitude, and the mean value of the amplitude.

[0121] S106. If the evaluation coefficient is less than the preset value, retain the current transducer.

[0122] In this solution, it is set that the transducer is used in cooperation with an ultrasonic water meter, and the transducer is installed on the meter pipeline in actual production. It is set that the meter pipeline is in a full-pipe flow state, and ultrasonic signal detection and processing are carried out under the full-pipe flow state.

[0123] In this solution, the initial threshold voltage V0 is set to 128 mV. Under the initial threshold voltage V0, the first wave of the ultrasonic signal is acquired, and the amplitude A1 of the first wave is determined.

[0124] In this solution, the amplitude range is set to 60 mV to 120 mV. It is determined whether the amplitude A1 is within this amplitude range. If it is, the pulse width ratio R1 of the first wave is determined and subsequent steps are carried out. Otherwise, replace the transducer and re-execute step S101.

[0125] In this solution, the experimental data shows that when A ∈ [85, 115] mV, a certain proportion of transducers still have a measurement error > 2.5% due to the mismatch of the R / T (flight time) parameter.

[0126] In this solution, the amplitude range is set to 60 mV to 120 mV, which expands the consideration range of the amplitude, avoids being limited to a relatively narrow range and missing some transducers that may still meet the requirements although the amplitude fluctuates to a certain extent, and also prevents the poor performance of the transducer due to the amplitude exceeding the reasonable range.

[0127] In this solution, the pulse width ratio range is set to (Rmin, Rmax). Rmin is 110, Rmax is 130, and a fixed voltage adjustment step size △V is set, and △V is 2 mV.

[0128] If R1 > Rmax, reduce the current threshold voltage (the threshold voltage of the first adjustment is the initial threshold voltage) by △V. If R1 < Rmin, increase the current threshold voltage by △V.

[0129] After the new threshold voltage obtained by each adjustment, at this threshold voltage, detect the pulse width ratio of the first ultrasonic information, and then repeat the above steps until the detected pulse width ratio is within the pulse width ratio range. At this time, the threshold voltage is the first wave threshold voltage.

[0130] At the first wave threshold voltage, acquire the signal waves of several detected ultrasonic signals, and determine the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave.

[0131] Determine the pulse width ratio variance σ(R), pulse width ratio mean μ(R), amplitude variance σ(A), and amplitude mean μ(A) of the signal wave.

[0132] Use the following formula to determine the evaluation coefficient S:

[0133]

[0134] If S < 0.05, the current transducer (pair) meets the matching degree requirement.

[0135] In this solution, by setting a strict determination process for the first wave amplitude and pulse width ratio in the solution, and subsequent methods for determining the evaluation coefficient based on the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance, and amplitude mean, parameter coupling determination is achieved.

[0136] This method of making a determination by integrating multiple parameters can consider the performance of the transducer more comprehensively compared to single-parameter determination. Through the coupling analysis of these parameters in this solution, transducers with non-compliant performance can be accurately identified, greatly improving the accuracy of screening.

[0137] In this solution, by dynamically adjusting the threshold voltage according to the relationship between the first wave pulse width ratio and the preset pulse width ratio interval, the transducer can better adapt to different working conditions.

[0138] In practical applications, factors such as different pipeline conditions and water flow states will cause changes in the characteristics of ultrasonic signals. The traditional fixed threshold method is difficult to adapt to this change and is prone to misjudging the performance of the transducer. However, the dynamic threshold adjustment in this solution can adjust the threshold according to the real-time signal characteristics to ensure that transducers with good performance can be accurately screened under various working conditions.

[0139] In this solution, by setting a fixed voltage adjustment step (such as △V is 2mV) and a clear logic for adjusting the threshold voltage based on the pulse width ratio, the process of adjusting the threshold voltage is greatly simplified, improving the screening efficiency. The significant reduction in the transducer matching time enables the transducer to complete the matching with the ultrasonic water meter faster and be put into use.

[0140] On the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in an implementable solution, a sound impedance coupling model can also be established before step S101.

[0141] Exemplarily, in this solution, the sound impedance coupling model can accurately describe the sound impedance relationship between the pipe section material and the matching layer of the transducer. By considering parameters such as the sound velocity and density of the pipe section material and factors such as the thickness and material properties of the transducer matching layer, the sound impedance coupling model can quantitatively analyze the sound impedance matching degree between the two.

[0142] Exemplarily, in this solution, an acoustic impedance coupling model of the pipe section material (such as ABS / brass) and the transducer matching layer (typical thickness 0.2 - 0.8 mm) can be established.

[0143] Exemplarily, in this solution, in step S103, based on the acoustic impedance coupling model, when adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the first wave pulse width ratio, the influence of the acoustic impedance matching situation on the threshold voltage can be further considered.

[0144] Since the degree of acoustic impedance matching affects the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic signals, and further affects parameters such as signal amplitude and pulse width, therefore, combining the acoustic impedance model can more accurately adjust the threshold voltage, making it more in line with the actual situation and improving the accuracy of screening.

[0145] Exemplarily, in the case of combinations of multiple pipe section materials and transducer matching layers, ultrasonic signal transmission and reception experiments are carried out. Ultrasonic signals under different combinations are collected, and parameters such as the first wave amplitude and pulse width ratio are recorded. Based on a large amount of experimental data, the established acoustic impedance coupling model can be used to predict the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic signals (such as amplitude attenuation, pulse width change, etc.).

[0146] In step S103, using the established acoustic impedance coupling model, combined with the measured first wave amplitude and pulse width ratio, the initial threshold voltage can be further adjusted.

[0147] For example, if the acoustic impedance coupling model shows that the amplitude attenuation of the ultrasonic signal is large, and the current first wave amplitude is close to the lower limit of the preset amplitude range, in order to ensure the accuracy of subsequent signal detection, the threshold voltage is appropriately reduced; if the pulse width ratio deviates from the expected range due to the influence of acoustic impedance, the threshold voltage is adjusted accordingly according to the degree of its influence.

[0148] On the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in an implementable solution, the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the pipe section and the transducer will cause seasonal mismatch. The thermal expansion coefficient data of different pipe section materials (such as ABS, brass, etc.) and the transducer can be collected. For different temperature conditions (simulating the seasonal temperature change range), the dimensional change data of the pipe section material and the transducer caused by thermal expansion are collected. The changes in the inner diameter, outer diameter of the pipe section and the key dimensions of the transducer at different temperatures are measured through experiments.

[0149] In the case of combinations of multiple pipe section materials and transducers under different temperature conditions, ultrasonic signal transmission and reception experiments are carried out. Ultrasonic signals under different combinations and temperatures are collected, and parameters such as the first wave amplitude and pulse width ratio are recorded.

[0150] Based on the collected data, study the quantitative relationships between the dimensional changes of the pipe section and the transducer and parameters such as the ultrasonic signal amplitude and pulse width ratio at different temperatures. By analyzing the ultrasonic propagation process under different temperatures and dimensional changes, establish the mathematical correlation between temperature, the dimensional changes of the pipe section and the transducer, and the signal parameters.

[0151] Determine the influence weights of the dimensional changes of the pipe section and the transducer at different temperatures and the temperature itself on the signal amplitude and pulse width ratio.

[0152] During the process of obtaining the first wave of the ultrasonic signal, real-time monitor the ambient temperature and the dimensional changes of the pipe section and the transducer caused by temperature. After detecting the first wave, according to the current combination of the pipe section material and the transducer, as well as the real-time temperature and dimensional changes, calculate the expected signal amplitude and pulse width ratio through the established correlation between temperature and signal parameters.

[0153] Based on the calculated expected signal amplitude and pulse width ratio and the actually measured first wave amplitude and pulse width ratio, combined with the influence weights of temperature and dimensional changes, adjust the initial threshold voltage.

[0154] For example, if in high temperature in summer, the expected signal amplitude decreases due to the dimensional changes of the pipe section and the transducer and the increase in temperature, and the current actual first wave amplitude is close to the lower limit of the preset amplitude range, and the influence weights of temperature and dimensional changes on the signal amplitude are relatively large, in order to ensure the accuracy of subsequent signal detection, appropriately reduce the threshold voltage; if the pulse width ratio deviates from the expected range under the combined influence of temperature and dimensional changes, adjust the threshold voltage accordingly according to its influence weight.

[0155] On the basis of any of the foregoing solutions, in one feasible implementation, the group delay difference of transducers in the same batch may be > 15 ns. The group delay difference may cause changes in the arrival time and waveform of the signal, thus affecting the measurement of the pulse width ratio.

[0156] After the transducers are produced, the group delay of each transducer in the same batch can be measured. According to the distribution characteristics of the group delay data and the working principle of the transducer, establish a suitable compensation model. Use the collected group delay data to determine the parameters of the compensation model through optimization algorithms such as the least squares method and the gradient descent method.

[0157] When adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave, considering the influence of the group delay, when adjusting the threshold voltage, the adjustment amount of the threshold voltage can be corrected according to the compensation value of the group delay. For example, if the group delay is large, it may be necessary to appropriately increase the adjustment step of the threshold voltage to ensure that the signal can be accurately detected.

[0158] Embodiment 2

[0159] This embodiment provides a transducer screening device, including a transducer screening unit, which is used for:

[0160] Obtain the first wave of the ultrasonic signal, determine the amplitude of the first wave, where the first wave is the signal wave of the first detected ultrasonic signal under the initial threshold voltage.

[0161] Judge whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range. If not, eliminate the transducer. If so, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave.

[0162] Adjust the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage, where the first wave threshold voltage satisfies that under this first wave threshold voltage, the pulse width ratio of the first detected ultrasonic signal is within a preset pulse width ratio range.

[0163] Under the first wave threshold voltage, obtain the signal waves of several detected ultrasonic signals, and determine the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave.

[0164] Determine the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance, and amplitude mean of the signal waves, and determine the evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance, and amplitude mean.

[0165] If the evaluation coefficient is less than the preset value, retain the current transducer.

[0166] Exemplarily, in this solution, the transducer screening unit can be configured to implement any one of the transducer screening methods described in Embodiment 1. The implementation process and beneficial effects of the method are the same as the corresponding content described in Embodiment 1, and the specific content will not be elaborated here.

[0167] Embodiment 3

[0168] Figure 2 FIG. shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 10 that can be used to implement the embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.) and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are only examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0169] Such as Figure 2As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12, a random access memory (RAM) 13, etc. The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 into the random access memory (RAM) 13. In the RAM 13, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10 can also be stored. The processor 11, the ROM 12, and the RAM 13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0170] Multiple components in the electronic device 10 are connected to the I / O interface 15, including: an input unit 16, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 18, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 19, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0171] The processor 11 can be various general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The processor 11 executes the various methods and processes described above, such as the transducer screening method.

[0172] In some embodiments, the transducer screening method can be implemented as a computer program tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium, such as the storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed onto the electronic device 10 via the ROM 12 and / or the communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 13 and executed by the processor 11, one or more steps of the transducer screening method described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 can be configured to execute the transducer screening method by any other appropriate means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0173] The various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), application specific standard products (ASSP), systems on a chip (SOC), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments can include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be a special-purpose or general-purpose programmable processor that receives data and instructions from, and transmits data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.

[0174] The computer programs for implementing the methods of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram to be implemented. The computer programs can be executed entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.

[0175] In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store a computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, the computer-readable storage medium can be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of the machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0176] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor); and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) through which the user can provide input to the electronic device. Other kinds of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0177] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system including backend components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system including middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system including frontend components (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which the user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system including any combination of such backend components, middleware components, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected to each other by digital data communication in any form or medium (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), blockchain network, and the Internet.

[0178] The computing system can include a client and a server. The client and the server are generally far from each other and usually interact through a communication network. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or a cloud host, which is a host product in the cloud computing service system, solving the defects of difficult management and weak business scalability existing in traditional physical hosts and VPS services.

[0179] Embodiment 4

[0180] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to implement any one of the transducer screening methods described in Embodiment 1 when executed. The implementation process and beneficial effects of the method are the same as the corresponding content described in Embodiment 1, and the specific content will not be elaborated herein.

[0181] Note that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, more other equivalent embodiments can be included, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A transducer screening method, characterized in that: include: Acquire the first wave of the ultrasonic signal and determine the amplitude of the first wave, wherein the first wave is the signal wave of the first ultrasonic signal detected under the initial threshold voltage; Determine whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range, if not, eliminate the transducer, if yes, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave; Adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain a first wave threshold voltage, wherein the first wave threshold voltage satisfies that, under the first wave threshold voltage, the pulse width ratio of the first ultrasonic information detected is within a preset pulse width ratio interval; Under the first-wave threshold voltage, acquiring the signal waves of the detected plurality of ultrasonic signals, and determining the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave; Determine the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean of the signal wave, and determine the evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean; If the evaluation coefficient is less than a preset value, the current transducer is retained.

2. The transducer screening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain the first wave threshold voltage includes: If the pulse width ratio of the first wave is greater than the upper pulse width ratio threshold, the initial threshold voltage is reduced by a preset step size; if the pulse width ratio of the first wave is less than the lower pulse width ratio threshold, the initial threshold voltage is increased by a preset step size.

3. The transducer screening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, the pulse width ratio mean, the amplitude variance and the amplitude mean includes determining the evaluation coefficient using the following formula: Where S is the evaluation coefficient, σ(R) is the pulse width ratio variance, μ(R) is the pulse width ratio mean, σ(A) is the amplitude variance, and μ(A) is the amplitude mean.

4. The transducer screening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amplitude range is 60mV to 120mV, and the pulse width ratio range is 110 to 130.

5. The transducer screening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic signal is a downstream signal or a downstream signal in a full pipe flow state.

6. The transducer screening method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generation and detection environment of the ultrasonic signal is the same as the environment when the transducer is installed in the actual pipeline.

7. A transducer screening device, characterized in that: A transducer screening unit is included, wherein the transducer screening unit is used to: Acquire the first wave of the ultrasonic signal and determine the amplitude of the first wave, wherein the first wave is the signal wave of the first ultrasonic signal detected under the initial threshold voltage; Determine whether the amplitude of the first wave is within a preset amplitude range, if not, eliminate the transducer, if yes, determine the pulse width ratio of the first wave; Adjusting the initial threshold voltage according to the pulse width ratio of the first wave to obtain a first wave threshold voltage, wherein the first wave threshold voltage satisfies that, under the first wave threshold voltage, the pulse width ratio of the first ultrasonic information detected is within a preset pulse width ratio interval; Under the first-wave threshold voltage, acquiring the signal waves of the detected plurality of ultrasonic signals, and determining the pulse width ratio and amplitude of each signal wave; Determine the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean of the signal wave, and determine the evaluation coefficient using the pulse width ratio variance, pulse width ratio mean, amplitude variance and amplitude mean; If the evaluation coefficient is less than a preset value, the current transducer is retained.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: comprising at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the transducer screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a processor to implement the transducer screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executed.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the transducer screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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