A Wear Test Device and Test Method for the Cutter Head of an Excavator for Tunneling under Movable Rock Dregs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wear test device and a test method for a cutter head of a tunneling machine under movable rock slag. The test device includes a vertical guide rail, movable rock slag, a rock slag disk, a liquid conduit, an annular cutter head, a transmission shaft I, a coupling I, a torque sensor, a coupling II, a rock slag collection bucket, a rotary electronic valve, a positioning pin hole, a positioning pin, a pressure sensor, an electromagnet, a cutter head mounting bracket, a detection lens, a sealing plate, a base, a transmission shaft II, a rotary motor, a guiding longitudinal rod, a lifting cross bar, a control system, a hydraulic cylinder, and a telescopic push rod. The test method can cooperate with the test device to complete the wear test of the cutter head of the tunneling machine under movable rock slag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of friction and wear testing of the cutter head cutting system in the field of hard rock tunneling equipment, and particularly relates to a wear testing device and a testing method for a tunneling machine cutter head under movable rock slag. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of underground space in China, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been widely used in tunnel excavation in rock formations. A TBM includes a cutter head system, a propulsion system, a support system, a slag discharge system, and after-sets. Among them, the cutter head system is located at the very front of the TBM and includes a cutter head and rolling cutters installed on the cutter head, which directly contact the rock face. During tunneling, the cutter head system bears huge rock-breaking loads and frictional losses, seriously restricting the tunneling performance and service life of the entire TBM. Therefore, mastering the wear performance of the cutter head system is the core basis for the design and life prediction of the cutter head system. The wear of the cutter head system mainly includes the wear of both the rolling cutters and the cutter head. The wear of the rolling cutters is mainly caused by two factors. Firstly, it is the wear caused by the passive rolling of the rolling cutters on the rock face during the rock cutting process. Secondly, it is the frictional wear between the cutter head driving the rock slag to flow during the stirring process and the contact between the accumulated rock slag and the rolling cutters, which is also called "secondary wear". Affected by the reason of cutter height difference, the cutter head generally does not directly contact the rock on the face, so its wear is mainly caused by the accumulated rock slag after cutting and peeling. To measure the friction and wear characteristics of the cutter head system, multiple units have designed corresponding test benches. For example, the invention patent (application number: 201310032227.X) applied by Central South University, with the name: A testing device for the rock-breaking characteristics of hard rock rolling cutters, proposes to use the method of friction between reduced-size rolling cutters to test the wear performance of the rolling cutters; the invention patent (application number: 201910466895.0) applied by Hunan Normal University, with the name: A cutter ring wear test device and test method simulating in-situ stress and geothermal heat, invented a rolling cutter wear test device and test method considering in-situ stress and geothermal heat; the invention patent (application number: 202311570067.4) applied by China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., with the name: A friction and wear test device for the disc cutters of a shield machine, proposes to use a single rock sample to friction two groups of rolling cutters to shorten the test time; the invention patent (application number: 201810108092.3) applied by China Railway Tunnel Group Co., Ltd., with the name: An efficient rolling cutter abrasion test device, switches the contact surface between the rolling cutter and the rock sample through the cooperation of a rotating disc and a hydraulic clamp to reduce the number of times of rock sample installation; the invention patent (application number: 202211237104.5) applied by China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., with the name: A rolling cutter wear test device and method for a tunnel boring machine considering the influence of in-situ stress field, considers simulating in-situ stress by applying confining pressure and carrying out the rolling cutter wear test under this working condition.

[0003] Based on the comprehensive search of existing inventions, it can be found that the current inventions on the friction and wear test devices for cutterhead systems mainly focus on rolling cutters, and there are few reports on the friction and wear experimental tests in the field of cutterheads. Different from the rolling and friction wear between the rolling cutter and the rock face during the rock cutting process, the wear process at the front end of the cutterhead is mainly the friction and wear with the rock debris generated by the rolling cutter cutting. The main subjects of mutual friction and wear are the "front panel of the cutterhead" and the "movable rock debris". In addition, affected by the complex diversity of the geological conditions during the tunneling of the roadheader, the wear environment may also include elements such as dryness, heat, water, acid, alkali, and salt, making the wear failure mechanism of the cutterhead panel complex and variable, which brings great difficulties to the wear resistance design and life prediction of the cutterhead. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a friction and wear test experimental device and test method for the cutterhead in the cutterhead system. For this purpose, the present invention designs a wear test device and test method for the roadheader cutterhead under movable rock debris, which conforms to the actual wear conditions of the cutterhead, is used to test the dynamic process of the cutterhead friction and wear under movable rock debris, and takes the wear environment into consideration, obtaining the wear coefficient, wear amount, wear load, and wear mechanism of the front-end material of the cutterhead, providing a basis for the wear resistance design and life prediction of the cutterhead panel under different strata. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wear test device and test method for the roadheader cutterhead under movable rock debris. This test device can truly reflect the friction and wear conditions of the ring cutterhead material under the condition of movable rock debris, and can also simulate the wear conditions of the ring cutterhead material under complex conditions such as dryness, water, acid, alkali, and salt. The overall structure of the device is stable and reliable, and the slag discharge is convenient, providing a basis for the wear mechanism test of the roadheader cutterhead material.

[0005] The present invention is mainly realized through the following solutions. The present invention mainly includes a vertical guide rail, movable rock debris, a rock debris tray, a liquid conduit, a ring cutterhead, a transmission shaft I, a coupling I, a torque sensor, a coupling II, a rock debris collection bucket, a rotary electronic valve, a positioning pin hole, a positioning pin, a pressure sensor, an electromagnet, a cutterhead mounting bracket, a detection lens, a sealing plate, a base, a transmission shaft II, a rotary motor, a guiding longitudinal rod, a lifting cross bar, a control system, a hydraulic cylinder, and a telescopic push rod.

[0006] There are two such hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders are connected to the ground and fixed. The telescopic push rods extending from the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the lifting cross bar. The hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically distributed with respect to the lifting cross bar. The lifting cross bar is connected to the guiding longitudinal bar in the central region of the two, and the two are perpendicular to each other to form a cross structure, ensuring the stiffness of the overall device. There are two vertical guide rails. A chute is opened inside the vertical guide rails. The two ends of the guiding longitudinal bar just fit into the chutes of the vertical guide rails. The guiding longitudinal bar can move up and down in the chutes. The chutes can play a role in guiding, positioning and stable support for the connected lifting cross bar and guiding longitudinal bar, strengthening the overall stability of the device. The hydraulic cylinders can control the lifting of the telescopic push rods, thereby controlling the up and down lifting of the lifting cross bar and the guiding longitudinal bar. A base is connected below the connection of the lifting cross bar and the guiding longitudinal bar. The base is cylindrical in shape and hollow inside, facilitating the passing through of the lifting cross bar and the installation of the rotary motor. The tail and the middle region of the rotary motor are fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the base. The output end of the rotary motor is the transmission shaft II. The outside of the torque sensor is connected to the inner cavity of the base to ensure that the torque sensor maintains an accurate position and posture during the test, and to ensure that the rotary motor and the torque sensor do not undergo large deformation, distortion or failure due to long-term working under load. There are protruding shafts at both the upper and lower ends of the torque sensor. Its upper end is connected to the transmission shaft II through the coupling II, and its lower end is connected to the transmission shaft I through the coupling I. The lower part of the transmission shaft I is connected to the cutter head mounting bracket, and finally the torque in the rotary motor can be transmitted to the cutter head mounting bracket. Both the coupling I and the coupling II can only transmit torque and cannot transmit axial force, ensuring the safety of the rotary motor. A sealing plate is connected to the lowermost part of the base. A round hole is opened in the center of the sealing plate to ensure that the transmission shaft I passes through the sealing plate, and the two are in clearance fit.

[0007] The inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket is hollow, its upper surface is externally cylindrical in shape, and its lower surface is annular; the electromagnet is connected below the cutter head mounting bracket, and the high-precision pressure sensor is connected below the electromagnet, and two positioning pins are fixedly connected below the pressure sensor; both the electromagnet and the pressure sensor are annular, and the contact dimensions with the lower surface of the cutter head mounting bracket are the same; two symmetric positioning pin holes are opened on the annular cutter head, and the annular cutter head is sleeved on the two positioning pins through the positioning pin holes, and the electromagnet provides an attractive force to make the annular cutter head tightly connected to the pressure sensor; due to the positioning of the positioning pins, the annular cutter head will not undergo relative sliding or misalignment with the pressure sensor during the wear process; the length of the positioning pins is appropriate to ensure that the positioning pins will not protrude from the positioning pin holes to avoid contact with the movable slag; a detection lens is installed at the middle position above the inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket for monitoring the flow and temperature of the movable slag and the temperature inside the annular cutter head; the annular cutter head is also made into an annular shape because the actual cutter head of the tunneling machine is disc-shaped, and the parts that are worn by friction with the movable slag are mainly in the outermost circle of the cutter head of the tunneling machine, and the linear velocity in the outermost circle area of the cutter head of the tunneling machine is the largest, and the slag mainly moves in the outer circle area of the cutter head. The middle area of the cutter head of the tunneling machine hardly contacts the movable slag. Therefore, only the friction and wear conditions of the outermost circle of the cutter head of the tunneling machine need to be considered. For this reason, the middle area of the cutter head of the tunneling machine is hollowed out and made into an annular shape, and the annular cutter head is used to friction and wear with the movable slag to actually reflect the wear conditions of the outermost circle area of the actual cutter head of the tunneling machine. This can reduce the mass of the annular cutter head, reduce the overall load and save materials, and also facilitate the replacement and installation of the annular cutter head during the experiment, and facilitate the repeated experiments of the secondary wear test of the cutter head under different materials or heat treatment processes. Making it into an annular shape also facilitates the detection lens to monitor the flow and temperature of the movable slag and the temperature inside the annular cutter head.

[0008] The bottom end of the slag pan is connected to the ground, and the upper side is connected to the liquid conduit; the movable slag is contained in the slag pan, and the movable slag can be directly placed in the slag pan; the liquid conduit is connected to corresponding solutions such as water, acid, alkali, and salt, and corresponding solutions can be injected into the slag pan so that the movable slag is immersed in the solution; there is a conical protrusion in the inner cavity of the slag pan, and the conical protrusion and the outer wall of the slag pan form an annular area, and the area of this annular area is larger than the area of the annular cutter head, so the annular cutter head cannot completely cover the movable slag, enabling the movable slag to move freely during the friction and wear process of the annular cutter head; the outer wall of the slag pan is much higher than the upper surface where the movable slag accumulates, preventing the movable slag from running out of the slag pan during the wear process; the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag pan is inclined, and its bottom material is relatively smooth, facilitating the free flow of the movable slag during slag discharge. A slag discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the inclined part of the slag pan, and the opening and closing of the slag discharge hole are controlled by the rotary electronic valve, and its sealing performance is good; when conducting the wear test of the annular cutter head, the rotary electronic valve is closed, and when the experiment is completed, the rotary electronic valve is opened to drain all the slag liquid, and all the drained slag liquid falls into the slag collection bucket.

[0009] The material of the annular cutter head is the same as that of the cutter head of a real tunneling machine, and its diameter size is a reduced size, smaller than the size of the cutter head of a real tunneling machine; the vertical distance between the annular cutter head and the movable slag can be achieved by controlling the lifting of the telescopic push rod by the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder can achieve constant pressure and constant penetration friction and wear between the annular cutter head and the movable slag; the movable slag generally comes from the construction site of a tunneling machine.

[0010] The hydraulic cylinder, the pressure sensor, the electromagnet, the detection lens, the rotary motor, and the torque sensor are all connected to the control system; the control system can control the rotation speed of the rotary motor, the power of the hydraulic cylinder, and the attraction force of the electromagnet on the annular cutter head; at the same time, the control system can monitor and display online the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor, the movement of the slag and the temperature field monitored by the detection lens, the torque monitored by the torque sensor, the attraction force of the electromagnet on the annular cutter head, and the rotation speed of the rotary motor. The control system can also save and export the monitored data.

[0011] The magnitude of the attraction force of the electromagnet on the annular cutter head can be adjusted by controlling through the control system; the electromagnet maintains a constant attraction force during operation, that is Remain unchanged; after the test experiment is over, adjust the control system to reduce the attraction of the electromagnet to the annular cutter head so as to facilitate the disassembly of the annular cutter head; the wear amount of the annular cutter head is measured in the following way: during the test process, the high-precision pressure sensor can monitor the extrusion force of the annular cutter head on it in real time, and use the real-time monitored extrusion force Subtract the initially monitored extrusion force , and the change amount of the extrusion force of the annular cutter head on the pressure sensor can be obtained, and this change amount is the change amount of the gravity of the annular cutter head , then the worn mass of the annular cutter head can be calculated , where g is the acceleration due to gravity. That is, the secondary wear amount of the annular cutter head can be measured without disassembling the annular cutter head, and the wear amount during the wear process of the annular cutter head can be monitored in real time, and the time-varying characteristics of the secondary wear between the annular cutter head and the movable rock slag can be effectively evaluated.

[0012] The test method involved in this test device includes the following steps:

[0013] (1) Equipment inspection and debugging. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the entire wear test experimental device to ensure that all components are firmly connected without signs of looseness or damage; control the hydraulic cylinder through the control system to check whether the telescopic push rod extends and retracts smoothly and whether the pressure sensor works normally; turn on the parameter monitoring system to check whether the data acquisition lines of each sensor are connected normally to ensure that the collected data is accurate and effective; set the attraction of the electromagnet to ensure that the electromagnet can adsorb the annular cutter head.

[0014] (2) Installation of the annular cutter head. Before installing the annular cutter head, first perform a three-dimensional scan on the annular cutter head to determine the morphology and geometric features of the front end of the annular cutter head before wear; install the annular cutter head onto the positioning pin through the positioning pin hole on it, and the annular cutter head is attracted by the attraction of the electromagnet to complete the installation of the annular cutter head.

[0015] (3) Loading of movable rock slag. Through the control system, close the rotary electronic valve, pour the movable rock slag into the rock slag tray at one time, and level the movable rock slag manually; if it is necessary to add solutions such as acids, alkalis, and salts, inject the required solution through the liquid conduit again until the movable rock slag is submerged.

[0016] (4) Start the whole machine. Start the control system, and each sensor enters the preparatory working stage. Preset the contact pressure between the annular cutter head and the movable slag through the control system; control the annular cutter head to descend until it contacts the movable slag and reaches the preset contact pressure; through the control system, control the rotation speed of the rotary motor, and the annular cutter head starts to carry out the friction and wear test.

[0017] (5) Collect experimental data. After the annular cutter head rotates, immediately start data monitoring, and real-time monitor the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor, the attraction of the electromagnet to the annular cutter head, the pressure applied by the hydraulic cylinder, the slag flow and temperature field monitored by the detection lens, the torque monitored by the torque sensor, and the rotation speed of the rotary motor.

[0018] (6) End the experiment. After the rotary wear time reaches the set value, the rotary motor stops rotating; the control system automatically saves the monitored data and can finally export the corresponding data; control the telescopic push rod to move upward to keep a large distance between the annular cutter head and the slag disk. At this time, by controlling the reduction of the attraction of the electromagnet, the worn-out annular cutter head can be easily removed; open the rotary electronic valve, and the movable slag and solution will fall from the lowest opening at the bottom of the slag disk into the slag collection bucket to realize the collection of the movable slag and solution.

[0019] (7) Process experimental data. Clean the annular cutter head, then re-conduct three-dimensional measurement, and compare the morphology of the annular cutter head before and after wear to determine the morphological difference and the wear degree and wear depth of different regions of the annular cutter head, and reveal the wear mechanism of the annular cutter head material; combine the extracted wear amount, the slag flow and temperature field monitored by the detection lens, the torque monitored by the torque sensor, and the rotation speed of the rotary motor to comprehensively analyze the influence law of different parameters on the wear of the cutter head material; it is also possible to test the remaining mass of the worn annular cutter head, and subtract the remaining mass from the initial weighing mass to obtain the wear amount, further verifying the result of the wear amount monitored by the pressure sensor.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1) A wear test device and method for a roadheader cutterhead under movable slag are provided. The device can simulate the real friction and wear conditions between the roadheader cutterhead and movable slag, and can take into account environmental factors such as dry, hot, water, acid, alkali and salt; 2) At the same time, the base structure included in the test device can well protect the rotating motor and the torque sensor; 3) In addition, during the test process, through the cooperation of the electromagnet and the pressure sensor, the wear amount of the annular cutterhead can be monitored in real time, and the annular cutterhead is designed to be circular, which can reduce the mass and load of the annular cutterhead, making the installation and disassembly simple and convenient, and also facilitating the acquisition of test data and easy to conduct repeated experiments multiple times; 4) Furthermore, the cross structure of the guiding vertical rod and the lifting cross bar can improve the stiffness of the overall device and reduce the deformation of the annular cutterhead during the loading process of wear; 5) At the same time, the central convexity inside and the inclined structure at the bottom inside the slag pan for loading slag facilitate the free movement of the movable slag and the smooth discharge of slag after the experiment; 6) The start-up and monitoring of the entire experimental device are completed through the control system, which improves the test automation level, reduces the experimental difficulty, and can provide an effective basis for the friction and wear test of the real cutterhead and movable slag. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG Figure 1 is a front structural schematic diagram of the test device involved in the present invention (partial regions have local sections);

[0023] FIG Figure 2 is a left structural schematic diagram of the test device (partial regions have local sections);

[0024] FIG Figure 3 is the view of section B - B in FIG Figure 1 ;

[0025] FIG Figure 4 is the view of section A - A in FIG Figure 1 ;

[0026] FIG Figure 5 is Figure 1 a three - dimensional view of the vertical guide rail, lifting cross bar and guiding vertical rod in FIG

[0027] FIG Figure 6 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of the rotary electronic valve in FIG

[0028] In the drawings: 1 - vertical guide rail, 2 - movable slag, 3 - slag tray, 4 - liquid conduit, 5 - annular cutter head, 6 - transmission shaft I, 7 - coupling I, 8 - torque sensor, 9 - coupling II, 10 - slag collection bucket, 11 - rotary electronic valve, 12 - positioning pin hole, 13 - positioning pin, 14 - pressure sensor, 15 - electromagnet, 16 - cutter head mounting bracket, 17 - detection lens, 18 - sealing plate, 19 - base, 20 - transmission shaft II, 21 - rotary motor, 22 - guiding longitudinal rod, 23 - lifting cross bar, 24 - control system, 25 - hydraulic cylinder, 26 - telescopic push rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0030] As shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown in the figures, a cutter head wear test device for a tunneling machine under movable slag is composed of a vertical guide rail 1, movable slag 2, a slag tray 3, a liquid conduit 4, an annular cutter head 5, a transmission shaft I 6, a coupling I 7, a torque sensor 8, a coupling II 9, a slag collection bucket 10, a rotary electronic valve 11, a positioning pin hole 12, a positioning pin 13, a pressure sensor 14, an electromagnet 15, a cutter head mounting bracket 16, a detection lens 17, a sealing plate 18, a base 19, a transmission shaft II 20, a rotary motor 21, a guiding longitudinal rod 22, a lifting cross bar 23, a control system 24, a hydraulic cylinder 25, and a telescopic push rod 26.

[0031] As shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown in the figures, there are two hydraulic cylinders 25. The hydraulic cylinders 25 are connected to the ground and fixed. The telescopic push rods 26 extending from the hydraulic cylinders 25 are connected to the lifting cross bar 23. The connection method is generally preferably bolt connection, which is convenient for the installation and disassembly of the device; the hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically distributed with respect to the lifting cross bar 23; the lifting cross bar 23 and the guiding longitudinal rod 22 are connected in the central area of the two, and the two are also connected by bolts, which is convenient for disassembly and installation, and the two are perpendicular to each other to form a cross structure. The lifting cross bar 23 and the guiding longitudinal rod 22 should ensure their levelness in the horizontal plane to prevent problems such as bending deformation during the installation process. The dimensions of the lifting cross bar 23 and the guiding longitudinal rod 22 are determined according to the size of the slag tray 3, and it is necessary to ensure that the plane space formed by the two can accommodate the diameter size of the slag tray 3; as shown in the attached Figure 5 As shown in the figures, there are two vertical guide rails 1. The vertical guide rails 1 are provided with chutes inside. The two ends of the guiding longitudinal rod 22 just fit into the chutes of the vertical guide rails 1. The guiding longitudinal rod 22 can move up and down in the chutes, guiding and positioning the connected lifting cross bar 23 and the guiding longitudinal rod 22 and providing a stable support, strengthening the overall stability of the device; as shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2As shown, the hydraulic cylinder 25 can control the lifting of the telescopic push rod 26, thereby controlling the up and down movement of the lifting cross bar 23 and the guiding longitudinal rod 22. The two hydraulic cylinders 25 are controlled by the same hydraulic motor to facilitate coordinated lifting. Moreover, the hydraulic cylinder can achieve bidirectional loading in both upward and downward directions at a constant speed or constant pressure, and the lifting stroke is sufficient to ensure the frictional contact between the annular cutter head 5 and the movable slag 2. Below the connection of the lifting cross bar 23 and the guiding longitudinal rod 22, there is a base 19. The base 19 is cylindrical in shape and hollow inside, facilitating the passing through of the lifting cross bar 23 and the installation of the rotary motor 21. The tail and the middle area of the rotary motor 21 are fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the base 19. The connection method is preferably a bolt, which is convenient for installation and disassembly, and is fixed in a surrounding manner to ensure stable connection of the motor and not easily deformed when subjected to circumferential loads. The output end of the rotary motor 21 is the transmission shaft II 20. The torque sensor 8 is externally connected to the inner cavity of the base 19 and fixed by surrounding screws, making the connection of the torque sensor 8 stable and not easily deformed when subjected to circumferential loads. Moreover, the external connection of the torque sensor 8 can transfer the weights of the cutter head mounting bracket 16 and the annular cutter head 5 to the base 19, ensuring that the torque sensor 8 maintains an accurate position and posture during the test, and ensuring that the rotary motor 21 and the torque sensor 8 do not have large deformation distortion or failure due to long-term working under load. Further, an axial thrust bearing can also be installed between the transmission shaft I 6 and the sealing plate 18 to further eliminate the influence of the axial (vertical direction) load on the torque sensor 8 and the rotary motor 21. Both the upper and lower ends of the torque sensor 8 have extended shafts. Its upper end is connected to the transmission shaft II 20 through the coupling II 9, and its lower end is connected to the transmission shaft I 6 through the coupling I 7. The lower part of the transmission shaft I 6 is connected to the cutter head mounting bracket 16, and finally the torque in the rotary motor 21 can be transmitted to the cutter head mounting bracket 16. Both the coupling I 7 and the coupling II 9 can only transmit torque and cannot transmit axial force, ensuring the safety of the rotary motor 21. The sealing plate 18 is connected to the lowermost part of the base 19 to facilitate the encapsulation of the internal structure of the base 19. A circular hole is opened in the center of the sealing plate 18 to ensure that the transmission shaft I 6 passes through the sealing plate 18, and the two are in clearance fit.

[0032] As shown in the attached Figure 1 , the attached Figure 2 and the attached Figure 4 As shown, the inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket 16 is hollow, and the hollow shape structure is as shown in the attached Figure 1 and the attached Figure 2As shown, its upper surface profile is externally cylindrical, and its lower surface is annular; an electromagnet 15 is connected below the cutter head mounting bracket 16, and a high-precision pressure sensor 14 is connected below the electromagnet 15. They can be connected by strong glue between each other. The connecting material cannot damage the working performance of the electromagnet 15 and the pressure sensor 14, and cannot affect the magnetism of the electromagnet 15 and the working accuracy of the pressure sensor. Two positioning pins 13 are fixedly connected below the pressure sensor 14; both the electromagnet 15 and the pressure sensor 14 are annular, and the contact dimensions with the lower surface of the cutter head mounting bracket 16 are the same; two symmetrical positioning pin holes 12 are opened on the annular cutter head 5, and the annular cutter head 5 is sleeved on the two positioning pins 13 through the positioning pin holes 12, and the electromagnet 15 provides an attractive force to make the annular cutter head 5 closely connected to the pressure sensor 14; due to the positioning of the positioning pins 13, the annular cutter head 5 will not have relative sliding or misalignment with the pressure sensor 14 during the wear process; the length of the positioning pins 13 is appropriate to ensure that the positioning pins 13 will not protrude from the positioning pin holes 12 to avoid contact with the movable slag 2; a detection lens 17 is installed at the middle position above the inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket 16 for monitoring the flow, temperature of the movable slag 2 and the temperature inside the annular cutter head 5. Preferably, the detection lens 17 can automatically adjust the monitoring angle and can monitor a local area or the whole area; the annular cutter head 5 is also made into an annular shape because the real roadheader cutter head is disc-shaped, and the parts where it frictions and wears with the movable slag are mainly in the outermost circle of the roadheader cutter head, and the linear velocity of the outermost circle area of the roadheader cutter head is the largest, and the slag mainly moves in the outer circle area of the cutter head. The middle area of the roadheader cutter head hardly contacts with the movable slag. Therefore, only the friction and wear conditions of the outermost circle of the roadheader cutter head need to be considered. For this reason, the middle area of the roadheader cutter head is hollowed out and made into an annular shape, and the annular cutter head is used to friction and wear with the movable slag to actually reflect the wear conditions of the outermost circle of the real roadheader cutter head. In this way, the quality of the annular cutter head 5 can be reduced, the overall load can be reduced and materials can be saved. It is also convenient for the replacement and installation of the annular cutter head 5 during the experiment, and it is convenient for repeated experiments on the secondary wear test of the cutter head under different materials or heat treatment processes. Making it into an annular shape is also convenient for the detection lens 17 to monitor the flow, temperature of the movable slag 2 and the temperature inside the annular cutter head 5.

[0033] As shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 figures, the bottom end of the slag disc 3 is connected to the ground, and the upper end side is connected to the liquid conduit 4; as shown in the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 3As shown, movable slag 2 is contained in the slag tray 3, and the movable slag 2 can be directly placed in the slag tray 3; the liquid conduit 4 is connected to corresponding solutions such as water, acid, alkali, and salt, and can inject the corresponding solution into the slag tray 3, so that the movable slag 2 is immersed in the solution. The corresponding acid, alkali, salt and other solutions can be collected at the actual tunneling machine work site or prepared according to the composition by oneself; there is a conical protrusion in the inner cavity of the slag tray 3, and the conical protrusion and the outer wall of the slag tray 3 form an annular area. In addition, since the inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket 16 is hollow, the cutter head mounting bracket 16 will not interfere with the protrusion in the middle area of the slag tray 3; the area of this annular area is larger than the area of the annular cutter head 5, so the annular cutter head 5 cannot completely cover the movable slag 2, enabling the movable slag 2 to move freely during the friction and wear process of the annular cutter head 5; the outer wall of the slag tray 3 is much higher than the upper surface where the movable slag 2 accumulates, preventing the movable slag 2 from running out of the slag tray 3 during the wear process; the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag tray 3 is inclined, as shown in Figure 1 and 2 shown. The inclination angle is preferably 45° to 60°, and the material of its bottom is relatively smooth, facilitating the free flow of the movable slag 2 during slag discharge. A slag discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the inclined slag tray 3, and the opening and closing of the slag discharge hole are realized by a rotary electronic valve 11, and its sealing performance is good, as shown in Figure 6 shown; when conducting the wear test of the annular cutter head 5, the rotary electronic valve 11 is closed. When the experiment is completed, the rotary electronic valve 11 is opened to drain all the slag liquid, and all the drained slag liquid falls into the slag collection bucket 10, as shown in Figure 6 shown.

[0034] The material of the annular cutter head 5 is the same as that of the actual tunneling machine cutter head. Its diameter size is a reduced size, smaller than the size of the actual tunneling machine cutter head, generally 1 / 20 of the actual cutter head size; the vertical distance between the annular cutter head 5 and the movable slag 2 can be realized by controlling the lifting of the telescopic push rod 26 by the hydraulic cylinder 25. The hydraulic cylinder 25 can achieve constant pressure and constant penetration friction and wear between the annular cutter head 5 and the movable slag 2; the movable slag 2 generally comes from the tunneling machine construction site, and the size and type of the slag are determined by referring to the tunneling machine site.

[0035] The hydraulic cylinder 25, pressure sensor 14, electromagnet 15, detection lens 17, rotary motor 21, and torque sensor 8 are all connected to the control system 24; the control system 24 can control the rotation speed of the rotary motor 21, the power of the hydraulic cylinder 25, and the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 on the annular cutter head 5; at the same time, the control system 24 can monitor in real time and display online the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor 14, the movement of the slag and the temperature field monitored by the detection lens 17, the torque monitored by the torque sensor 8, the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 on the annular cutter head 5, and the rotation speed of the rotary motor 21. The control system 24 can also save and export the monitored data.

[0036] The magnitude of the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 on the annular cutter head 5 can be adjusted by controlling through the control system 24; during the operation of the electromagnet 15, a constant attraction force is maintained, that is remain unchanged; after the test experiment is completed, adjust the control system 24 to reduce the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 on the annular cutter head 5 for the disassembly of the annular cutter head 5; the wear amount of the annular cutter head 5 is measured in the following way: during the test process, the high-precision pressure sensor 14 can monitor in real time the extrusion force of the annular cutter head 5 on it, and use the extrusion force monitored in real time subtract the initially monitored extrusion force to obtain the change amount of the extrusion force of the annular cutter head 5 on the pressure sensor 14, and this change amount is the change amount of the gravity of the annular cutter head 5 Then the worn mass of the annular cutter head 5 can be calculated where g is the acceleration due to gravity. That is, the secondary wear amount of the annular cutter head 5 can be measured without disassembling the annular cutter head 5, and the wear amount during the wear process of the annular cutter head 5 can be monitored in real time, and the time-varying characteristics of the secondary wear between the annular cutter head 5 and the movable slag 2 can be effectively evaluated.

[0037] The test method involved in this test device includes the following steps:

[0038] (1) Equipment inspection and debugging. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the entire wear test experimental device to ensure that all components are firmly connected without signs of looseness or damage; control the hydraulic cylinder 25 through the control system 24 to check whether the telescopic push rod 26 extends and retracts smoothly and whether the pressure sensor 14 works properly; turn on the parameter monitoring system to check whether the data acquisition lines of each sensor are connected normally to ensure that the collected data is accurate and effective; set the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 to ensure that the electromagnet 15 can adsorb the annular cutter head 5.

[0039] (2)Installation of the annular cutter head 5. Before installing the annular cutter head 5, perform a three-dimensional scan on the annular cutter head 5 to determine the morphology and geometric features before the front end of the annular cutter head 5 is worn; install the annular cutter head 5 onto the positioning pin 13 through the positioning pin holes 12 thereon, and hold the annular cutter head 5 by the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 to complete the installation of the annular cutter head 5.

[0040] (3)Loading of the movable slag 2. Through the control system 24, close the rotary electronic valve 11, pour the movable slag 2 into the slag tray 3 at one time, and level the movable slag 2 manually; if it is necessary to add solutions such as acids, alkalis, and salts, inject the required solution through the liquid conduit 4 again until the movable slag 2 is submerged.

[0041] (4)Start-up of the whole machine. Start the control system 24, and each sensor enters the preparatory working stage. Preset the contact pressure between the annular cutter head 5 and the movable slag 2 through the control system 24; control the annular cutter head 5 to descend until it contacts the movable slag 2 and reaches the preset contact pressure; through the control system 24, control the rotation speed of the rotary motor 21, and the annular cutter head 5 starts to carry out the friction and wear test.

[0042] (5)Collection of experimental data. After the annular cutter head 5 rotates, immediately start data monitoring, and monitor in real time the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 14, the attraction force of the electromagnet 15 on the annular cutter head 5, the pressure applied by the hydraulic cylinder 25, the slag flow and temperature field detected by the detection lens 17, the torque detected by the torque sensor 8, and the rotation speed of the rotary motor 21.

[0043] (6)End of the experiment. After the rotary wear time reaches the set value, stop the rotation of the rotary motor 21; the control system 24 automatically saves the monitored data and can finally export the corresponding data; control the telescopic push rod 26 to move upward to keep a large distance between the annular cutter head 5 and the slag tray 3. At this time, by controlling the reduction of the attraction force of the electromagnet 15, the worn-out annular cutter head 5 can be easily removed; open the rotary electronic valve 11, and the movable slag and the solution will fall into the slag collection bucket 10 from the lowest opening at the bottom of the slag tray 3 to realize the collection of the movable slag 2 and the solution.

[0044] (7)Experimental data processing. Clean the annular cutter head 5, then conduct three-dimensional measurement again, and compare the morphology of the annular cutter head 5 before and after wear to determine the morphological differences, the wear degree and wear depth of different regions of the annular cutter head 5, and reveal the wear mechanism of the annular cutter head 5 material; combine the extracted wear amount, the slag flow and temperature field monitored by the detection lens 17, the torque monitored by the torque sensor 8, and the rotation speed of the rotation motor 21 to comprehensively analyze the influence law of different parameters on the cutter head material wear; it is also possible to test the remaining mass of the worn annular cutter head 5, and the wear amount can also be obtained by subtracting the remaining mass from the initial weighing mass to further verify the result of the wear amount monitored by the pressure sensor 14.

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, it is easy to modify other structural designs and testing methods of the present invention. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrated examples here.

Claims

1. An abrasion test device for the cutter head of a tunneling machine under movable rock slag, characterized in that: It consists of a vertical guide rail (1), movable slag (2), a slag pan (3), a liquid conduit (4), an annular cutter head (5), a transmission shaft I (6), a coupling I (7), a torque sensor (8), a coupling II (9), a slag collection bucket (10), a rotary electronic valve (11), a positioning pin hole (12), a positioning pin (13), a pressure sensor (14), an electromagnet (15), a cutter head mounting bracket (16), a detection lens (17), a sealing plate (18), a base (19), a transmission shaft II (20), a rotary motor (21), a guiding longitudinal rod (22), a lifting cross bar (23), a control system (24), a hydraulic cylinder (25), and a telescopic push rod (26). The tail and middle area of the rotary motor (21) are fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the base (19), and the output end of the rotary motor (21) is the transmission shaft II (20); the outside of the torque sensor (8) is connected in the inner cavity of the base (19), and the upper and lower ends of the torque sensor (8) both have extending shafts. The upper end is connected to the transmission shaft II (20) through the coupling II (9), and the lower end is connected to the transmission shaft I (6) through the coupling I (7). The transmission shaft I (6) is connected to the cutter head mounting bracket (16). An electromagnet (15) is connected below the cutter head mounting bracket (16), and a pressure sensor (14) is connected below the electromagnet (15). Two positioning pins (13) are fixedly connected below the pressure sensor (14), and an annular cutter head (5) is connected below; a detection lens (17) is installed at the middle position above the inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket (16); the inner cavity of the cutter head mounting bracket (16) is hollow, its upper surface is cylindrical in shape, and its lower surface is annular; the electromagnet (15), the pressure sensor (14), and the annular cutter head (5) are all annular, and the contact dimensions with the lower surface of the cutter head mounting bracket (16) are the same; the cooperation of the electromagnet (15) and the pressure sensor (14) facilitates the installation and disassembly of the annular cutter head (5) and the real-time monitoring of the wear amount; the annular cutter head (5) can perform secondary wear with the movable slag (2) in two modes of constant pressure and constant penetration; there is a conical protrusion in the inner cavity of the slag pan (3), and the conical protrusion and the outer wall of the slag pan (3) form an annular area, and the area of this annular area is larger than the area of the annular cutter head (5), so that the movable slag (2) during the friction and wear process of the annular cutter head (5) can move freely; the outer wall of the slag pan (3) is much higher than the upper surface of the accumulated movable slag (2) to prevent the movable slag (2) from running out of the slag pan (3) during the wear process; the bottom of the inner cavity of the slag pan (3) is inclined, and its bottom material is relatively smooth to facilitate the free flow of the movable slag (2) during slag discharge.

2. The wear test device for the cutter head of a movable rock slag tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: The hydraulic cylinder (25) is connected to the ground and fixed, and the extended telescopic push rod (26) is connected to the lifting cross bar (23); the lifting cross bar (23) is connected to the guiding longitudinal bar (22) in the central area of the two; a chute is opened inside the vertical guide rail (1), and both ends of the guiding longitudinal bar (22) are just embedded into the chute of the vertical guide rail (1); a base seat (19) is connected below the connection of the lifting cross bar (23) and the guiding longitudinal bar (22); there are two hydraulic cylinders (25), and they are distributed at both ends of the lifting cross bar (23); the lifting cross bar (23) and the guiding longitudinal bar (22) are connected to each other perpendicular to each other in a cross structure; there are two vertical guide rails (1), and the guiding longitudinal bar (22) can move up and down in the chute, guiding, positioning and stably supporting the connected lifting cross bar (23) and guiding longitudinal bar (22), and strengthening the overall stability of the device.

3. The wear test device for the cutter head of a movable rock slag tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein: Both the coupling I (7) and the coupling II (9) can only transmit torque but not axial force, ensuring the safety of the rotating motor (21) and the torque sensor (8); a sealing plate (18) is connected to the lowermost part of the base seat (19), and a round hole is opened in the center of the sealing plate (18) to ensure that the transmission shaft I (6) passes through the sealing plate (18).

4. The wear test device for the cutter head of a movable rock slag tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the slag pan (3) is connected to the ground, and the upper end side is connected to the liquid conduit (4); movable slag (2) is contained in the slag pan (3); the liquid conduit (4) is connected to the corresponding water, acid, alkali and salt solutions, and can inject the corresponding solutions into the slag pan (3); a slag discharge hole is opened at the lowermost part of the slag pan (3), and the slag discharge hole is closed by a rotary electronic valve (11), and the slag can fall into the slag collection bucket (10).

5. The wear test device for the cutter head of a movable rock slag tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two symmetric positioning pin holes (12) are opened on the annular cutter head (5), and the annular cutter head (5) is sleeved on the two positioning pins (13) through the positioning pin holes (12), and an attractive force is provided by the electromagnet (15) to make the annular cutter head (5) closely connected to the pressure sensor (14); the length of the positioning pin (13) is appropriate to ensure that the positioning pin (13) does not protrude from the positioning pin hole (12).

6. The wear test device for the cutter head of the movable roadheader under rock slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical distance between the annular cutter head (5) and the movable slag (2) can be realized by controlling the lifting of the telescopic push rod (26) by the hydraulic cylinder (25), and the hydraulic cylinder (25) can realize the friction and wear of the two modes of constant pressure and constant penetration degree between the annular cutter head (5) and the movable slag (2).

7. An abrasive wear test device for a cutter head of a mobile roadheader for tunneling under movable rock waste, characterized in that: The attractive force of the electromagnet (15) on the annular cutter head (5) can be adjusted by controlling the control system (24); during the operation of the electromagnet (15), a constant attractive force is maintained, that is, F 吸 remains unchanged; after the test, the control system (24) is adjusted to reduce the attractive force of the electromagnet on the annular cutter head (5) for the disassembly of the annular cutter head (5); during the test, the pressure sensor (14) can real-time monitor the extrusion force of the annular cutter head (5) on it, and use the real-time monitored extrusion force F 监 subtracted from the initially monitored extrusion force F 初 , the change amount of the extrusion force of the annular cutter head (5) on the pressure sensor (14) can be obtained, and the change amount is the gravity change G of the annular cutter head (5) 变化 , then the worn mass Δm of the annular cutter head (5) can be obtained = , where g is the acceleration due to gravity.

8. An abrasive wear test device for a roadheader cutter head for tunneling under movable rock waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder (25), pressure sensor (14), electromagnet (15), detection lens (17), rotary motor (21), and torque sensor (8) are all connected to the control system (24); the control system (24) can control the rotation speed of the rotary motor (21), the power of the hydraulic cylinder (25), and the attraction force of the electromagnet (15) on the annular cutter head (5); at the same time, the control system (24) can monitor in real time and display online the pressure monitored by the pressure sensor (14), the movement of the rock debris and the temperature field monitored by the detection lens (17), the torque monitored by the torque sensor (8), the attraction force of the electromagnet (15) on the annular cutter head (5), and the rotation speed of the rotary motor (21). The control system (24) can also save and export the monitored data.

9. A test method for a cutter head wear test device of an under-excavator in movable rock slag, using the device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: 1) Equipment inspection and debugging Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the entire wear test experimental device to ensure that all components are firmly connected without signs of looseness or damage; control the hydraulic cylinder (25) through the control system (24) to check whether the telescopic push rod (26) extends and retracts smoothly and whether the pressure sensor (14) works normally; turn on the parameter monitoring system to check whether the data acquisition lines of each sensor are connected properly to ensure that the acquired data is accurate and effective; set the attraction force of the electromagnet (15) to ensure that the electromagnet (15) can adsorb the annular cutter head (5). 2) Installation of the annular cutter head (5) Before installing the annular cutter head (5), first perform a three-dimensional scan on the annular cutter head 5 to determine the morphology and geometric features of the front end of the annular cutter head (5) before wear. Install the annular cutter head (5) onto the positioning pin (13) through the positioning pin holes (12) thereon, and the annular cutter head (5) is attracted by the attraction force of the electromagnet (15) to complete the installation of the annular cutter head (5). 3) Loading of the movable rock debris (2) Through the control system (24), close the rotary electronic valve (11), pour the movable rock debris (2) into the rock debris tray (3) at one time, and level the movable rock debris (2) manually; if it is necessary to add acid-base-salt solution, the required solution can be injected again through the liquid conduit (4) until the movable rock debris (2) is submerged. 4) Start-up of the whole machine Start the control system (24), and each sensor enters the preparatory working stage. Preset the contact pressure between the annular cutter head (5) and the movable rock debris (2) through the control system (24); control the annular cutter head (5) to descend until it contacts the movable rock debris (2) and reaches the preset contact pressure; through the control system (24), control the rotation speed of the rotary motor (21), and the annular cutter head (5) starts to carry out the friction and wear test. 5) Experimental data acquisition After the annular cutter head (5) rotates, immediately start data monitoring, and monitor in real time the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor (14), the attraction force of the electromagnet (15) on the annular cutter head (5), the pressure applied by the hydraulic cylinder (25), the rock debris flow and temperature field monitored by the detection lens (17), the torque monitored by the torque sensor (8), and the rotation speed of the rotary motor (21). 6) End of the experiment After the rotation wear time reaches the set value, the rotation motor (21) stops rotating; the control system (24) automatically saves the monitored data and can finally export the corresponding data; the control telescopic push rod (26) moves upward to keep a large distance between the annular cutter head (5) and the slag disk (3). At this time, by controlling the reduction of the attraction force of the electromagnet (15), the worn annular cutter head (5) can be easily removed; by opening the rotary electronic valve (11), the movable slag and solution will fall from the lowest opening at the bottom of the slag disk (3) into the slag collection bucket (10) to realize the collection of the movable slag (2) and the solution. (7) Experimental data processing Clean the annular cutter head (5), then re-conduct three-dimensional measurement, and compare the morphology of the annular cutter head (5) before and after wear to determine the morphological differences and the wear degree and wear depth of different regions of the annular cutter head (5), and reveal the wear mechanism of the annular cutter head (5) material; combined with the extracted wear amount, the slag flow and temperature field monitored by the detection lens (17), the torque monitored by the torque sensor (8), and the rotation speed of the rotation motor (21), comprehensively analyze the influence law of different parameters on the cutter head material wear; it is also possible to test the remaining mass of the worn annular cutter head (5), and the wear amount can also be obtained by subtracting the remaining mass from the initial weighing mass, further verifying the result of the wear amount monitored by the pressure sensor (14).

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