Power system carbon emission responsibility self-adaptive allocation method based on new energy permeability threshold

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy power systems, discloses a power system carbon emission responsibility self-adaptive allocation method based on a new energy permeability threshold, and provides a dynamic responsibility allocation strategy for solving the problem that a traditional carbon emission responsibility allocation mechanism is difficult to adapt to new energy volatility and permeability change. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a source-load collaborative carbon emission simulation model, defining a new energy permeability threshold value and a hysteretic interval, and dynamically switching three modes based on a permeability real-time value: a power generation side full-responsibility mode, a source-load reference allocation mechanism and a transition interval; secondly, establishing a multi-objective optimization model, and collaboratively optimizing fairness, new energy consumption and economy; according to the method, the carbon emission responsibility allocation deviation can be reduced, the new energy consumption rate is improved, the system operation cost is reduced, and technical support is provided for accurate carbon responsibility allocation of the high-proportion new energy power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy power systems, and specifically relates to a method for adaptively allocating the carbon emission responsibility of a power system based on the new energy penetration threshold. Background Technique

[0002] With the in-depth promotion of the "dual carbon" goal, the power system is accelerating its transformation towards a high proportion of new energy access. The large-scale grid connection of renewable energy such as wind and light has significantly reduced the dependence on fossil energy, but the volatility and randomness of new energy output have also brought new challenges to the operation of the power system. In this context, the reasonable allocation of carbon emission responsibility has become a key issue for achieving the operation of a low-carbon power system. Traditional carbon emission responsibility allocation mechanisms mostly adopt fixed allocation ratios or single models, which are difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of new energy penetration, resulting in problems such as large responsibility allocation deviations, limited new energy consumption efficiency, and insufficient system operation economy.

[0003] Current research generally focuses on responsibility allocation in static scenarios, such as benchmark allocation based on historical data or a model where the power generation side bears all the responsibilities. However, the new energy penetration rate may fluctuate rapidly from a low value (such as less than 50%) to a high value (such as more than 100%) at different times. Traditional static mechanisms cannot dynamically adjust the responsibility weights, which is likely to cause unfair allocation or resource waste. Especially near the penetration threshold, existing methods lack a smooth transition mechanism, and frequent strategy switches may be triggered due to short-term fluctuations, affecting the system stability. In addition, existing models often optimize the economy, fairness, and new energy consumption goals separately, making it difficult to achieve coordinated balance in complex operation scenarios. For example, overemphasizing economy at low penetration rates may lead to an increase in the new energy curtailment rate, while simply pursuing consumption at high penetration rates may increase the adjustment costs of traditional units. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for adaptively allocating the carbon emission responsibility of a power system based on the new energy penetration threshold. By adaptively matching the dynamic weight with the penetration rate, it effectively reduces the responsibility allocation deviation, enables stable system switching, improves the utilization rate of new energy, reduces the system operation cost, and provides technical support for the accurate allocation of carbon responsibility in a high-proportion new energy power grid.

[0005] The method for adaptively allocating the carbon emission responsibility of a power system based on the new energy penetration threshold according to the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Define an index reflecting the proportion of new energy in power supply, namely the new energy penetration rate β, and set high and low thresholds; based on the relationship between the new energy penetration rate and the high and low thresholds, design corresponding carbon emission responsibility allocation strategies; Step 2: Considering the impact of new energy penetration rate on carbon emission responsibility allocation comprehensively, a multi-objective function is constructed with the fairness of carbon emission responsibility allocation, the maximization of new energy consumption, and the economy of system operation as the comprehensive optimization objectives to ensure the fair sharing of carbon emission responsibility on the premise of meeting the stable operation of the system; Step 3: Based on the requirements of power grid safe operation, physical constraints dynamically matched with the new energy penetration rate β are set to ensure the system stability under different operation modes; Step 4: Based on the real-time relationship between the new energy penetration rate β and the upper and lower two-level thresholds, the responsibility allocation parameter k(β) is calculated dynamically, and the corresponding carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy is executed.

[0006] Furthermore, in Step 1, when the new energy penetration rate β continuously exceeds the high threshold of 100%, the traditional units are shut down and the full responsibility mode of the power generation side is activated; when the new energy penetration rate β is lower than the low threshold of 80%, the source-load benchmark sharing mechanism is started; in the transition region between the high threshold and the low threshold, the responsibility allocation weight is adjusted dynamically in proportion.

[0007] Furthermore, to avoid frequent switching of strategies due to small fluctuations in the new energy penetration rate near the threshold, a hysteresis interval is introduced and the hysteresis bandwidth is set ; When , and after a preset time, it switches to the full responsibility mode of the power generation side; When , it switches back to the responsibility allocation mode in the transition interval from the full responsibility mode of the power generation side; When , and after a preset time, it switches to the source-load benchmark sharing mode; When , it switches from the source-load benchmark mode to the responsibility allocation mode in the transition interval.

[0008] Furthermore, in Step 2, the multi-objective function including three sub-objectives is constructed as follows: (1), In the formula, is the weight coefficient, satisfying ; is the fairness objective, that is, the objective of minimizing the deviation of carbon emission responsibility allocation; is the new energy consumption objective, that is, the maximum new energy consumption and the minimum curtailment of wind and light; is the economic objective, that is, the minimum total system operation cost; 1) Define the objective of minimizing the deviation of carbon emission responsibility allocation: (2), In the formula, is the set of all nodes in the system, is the actual carbon emission share of node i, is the ideal share based on the real-time permeability β, dynamically calculated according to the mode: (3), In the formula, are the new energy unit, traditional unit, and load node set respectively, is the real-time output of the new energy of node i in the new energy unit; is the real-time output of node i in the traditional unit; is the electricity consumption of load node i, where i is the current calculated node number, i.e., the target node, and j is the traversal node number for normalization calculation; 2) Maximize the new energy consumption and minimize the wind and light curtailment: (4), In the formula, is the maximum available output of the new energy of node i, is the total actual output of the new energy; 3) Minimize the total system operation cost: (5), Among them, the power generation cost of the traditional generator is: (6), In the formula, is the cost coefficient of traditional generator set i, is the output of traditional generator set i at time t, and T is the total operation time; The penalty cost for new energy curtailment is: (7), In the formula, is the curtailment unit price, represents the maximum output of node i in the new energy unit at time t; The compensation cost on the load side is: (8), In the formula, is the electricity / heat load compensation unit price, is the amount of cut electricity / heat load, represents the set of interruptible electricity / heat load nodes; Through the dynamic weight adjustment of the new energy permeability β target, ensure that the new energy consumption is preferentially guaranteed at high permeability, and the economy is emphasized at low permeability: (9).

[0009] Further, step 3 is specifically as follows: (1) Power balance constraint: (10), In the formula, are the output powers of the traditional generator set and the new energy generator set respectively, is the charge / discharge power value of the energy storage in energy storage device k, represents the demand power of the load node; (2) Energy storage device constraint: The operation of the energy storage device satisfies the upper and lower limit constraints of the charge / discharge power and the energy storage capacity: (11), In the formula, represents the upper and lower limits of the charging power of energy storage device k; represents the upper and lower limits of the discharging power of energy storage device k; represents the upper and lower limits of the energy storage capacity of energy storage device k; represent the charge and discharge powers respectively; represents the remaining capacity of energy storage device k at time t; represent the charge / discharge efficiency coefficients of the energy storage respectively; represents the time interval from time to time t; (3) New energy generator set output constraint: The output of the new energy generator set is restricted by weather conditions, and the actual output cannot exceed the maximum available output. The constraint conditions are as follows: (12), In the formula, represents the actual output of new energy generator set j, represents the maximum available output of new energy generator set j at the current moment.

[0010] Further, step 4 is specifically as follows: The responsibility allocation parameter k(β) represents the proportion of the traditional generator set in the total carbon emission responsibility, and its value changes dynamically with the new energy penetration rate β; the specific definition is as follows: When β ≤ 80%: (13), In the formula, represents the benchmark responsibility ratio of the traditional unit; at low penetration rates, new energy generation is not sufficient to meet most of the load demand, and the traditional unit needs to provide a large amount of power support. Therefore, the carbon emission responsibility is shared by the traditional unit and the load side; When : (14), In the transition interval, as β increases, the proportion of new energy gradually increases, the power generation and carbon emissions of traditional units decrease, so the responsibility ratio k(β) increases linearly from to 1, achieving a smooth transition; When : (15), At high penetration rates, the new energy power generation exceeds the total system load demand, and traditional units are completely shut down. The theoretical carbon emissions are 0. At this time, it is set that indicates that if there are carbon emissions, they are all borne by the power generation side.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The method of the present invention constructs the new energy penetration rate and two-level thresholds, and through dynamic weight adjustment, realizes the adaptive balance of fairness, accommodation, and economy, and sets a hysteresis interval mechanism to avoid frequent switching of strategies caused by short-term fluctuations, significantly improving the stability and robustness of system operation; the method of the present invention realizes the adaptive switching of the carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy, effectively reduces the deviation of carbon emission responsibility allocation, improves the new energy accommodation rate, and at the same time reduces the system operation cost, providing efficient and reliable technical support for the low-carbon transformation of the power system, and solving the problem that traditional static sharing methods are difficult to adapt to the fluctuations of new energy output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is the comparison result of system operation costs; Figure 2 is the comparison result of new energy curtailment; Figure 3 is the comparison of carbon responsibility allocation deviation; Figure 4 is the decision flow chart of the carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy for new energy penetration rate; Figure 5 is the method flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] In order to make the content of the present invention easier to be clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below according to specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

[0014] As Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, a method for adaptively sharing the carbon emission responsibility of a power system based on new energy penetration rate thresholds according to the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Define an index, i.e., the new - energy penetration rate β, which reflects the proportion of new energy in power supply, and set two levels of high and low thresholds; design corresponding carbon - emission responsibility allocation strategies based on the relationship between the new - energy penetration rate and the two levels of thresholds. Step 2: Considering the impact of the new - energy penetration rate on carbon - emission responsibility allocation comprehensively, take the fairness of carbon - emission responsibility allocation, the maximization of new - energy consumption, and the economic efficiency of system operation as comprehensive optimization objectives, construct a multi - objective function to ensure the fair sharing of carbon - emission responsibilities on the premise of meeting the stable operation of the system. Step 3: Based on the requirements of power - grid safe operation, set physical constraints that are dynamically matched with the new - energy penetration rate β to ensure the system stability under different operation modes. Step 4: Based on the real - time relationship between the new - energy penetration rate β and the two levels of thresholds, dynamically calculate the responsibility - allocation parameter k(β) and execute the corresponding carbon - emission responsibility allocation strategy.

[0015] In Step 1, the new - energy penetration rate index is a key parameter to measure the degree of system low - carbonization. To meet the requirements of carbon - emission responsibility allocation in different penetration - rate scenarios, two levels of thresholds are set: a high threshold of 100% and a low threshold of 80%. The designed carbon - emission responsibility allocation strategies are as follows: when the penetration rate β continuously exceeds 100%, shut down traditional units and activate the full - responsibility mode on the power - generation side; when the penetration rate β is lower than 80%, start the source - load benchmark sharing mechanism; in the transition region between the high and low thresholds, dynamically adjust the responsibility - allocation weight proportionally.

[0016] In Step 2, construct a multi - objective function containing three sub - objectives as follows: (1), In the formula, is the weight coefficient, satisfying ; is the fairness objective, that is, the objective of minimizing the deviation of carbon - emission responsibility allocation; is the new - energy consumption objective, that is, the maximum new - energy consumption and the minimum curtailment of wind and solar power; is the economic - efficiency objective, that is, minimizing the total system operation cost; 1) Define the objective of minimizing the deviation of carbon - emission responsibility allocation: (2), In the formula, is the set of all nodes in the system, is the carbon emission actually shared by node i, is the ideal sharing amount based on the real - time penetration rate β, which is calculated dynamically according to the mode: (3), In the formula, They are the new energy unit set, traditional unit set, and load node set respectively. is the real-time output of the new energy at node i in the new energy unit; is the real-time output of the traditional unit at node i; is the electricity consumption of the load at node i, where i is the current calculated node number, i.e., the target node, and j is the traversing node number used for normalization calculation; 2) New energy curtailment penalty term, i.e., the maximum new energy consumption, to minimize wind and light curtailment: (4), In the formula, is the maximum available output of the new energy at node i, is the total actual output of the new energy; 3) Minimize the total system operation cost: (5), Among them, the power generation cost of the traditional generator is: (6), In the formula, is the cost coefficient of the traditional generator set i, is the output of the traditional generator set i at time t, and T is the total operation time; The new energy curtailment penalty cost is: (7), In the formula, is the curtailment unit price, represents the maximum output of node i in the new energy unit at time t; The load side compensation cost is: (8), In the formula, is the electricity / heat load compensation unit price, is the amount of cut electricity / heat load, represents the set of interruptible electricity / heat load nodes; Through the dynamic weight adjustment of the new energy penetration rate β target, ensure that new energy consumption is preferentially guaranteed at high penetration rates, and economy is emphasized at low penetration rates: (9).

[0017] Step 3 is specifically as follows: (1) Power balance constraint: (10), In the formula, are the output powers of the traditional generator set and the new energy generator set respectively, is the charge / discharge power value of the energy storage in the energy storage device k, represents the required power of the load node; (2) Energy storage device constraint: The operation of the energy storage device satisfies the upper and lower limit constraints of the charge / discharge power and the energy storage capacity: (11), In the formula, represents the upper and lower limits of the charging power of the energy storage device k; represents the upper and lower limits of the discharging power of the energy storage device k; represents the upper and lower limits of the energy storage capacity of the energy storage device k; represent the charging and discharging powers respectively; represents the remaining capacity of the energy storage device k at time t; represent the charge / discharge efficiency coefficients of the energy storage respectively; represents the time interval from time (3) New energy generator set output constraint: The output of the new energy generator set is restricted by weather conditions, and the actual output cannot exceed the maximum available output. The constraint conditions are as follows: (12), In the formula, represents the actual output of the new energy generator set j, represents the maximum available output of the new energy generator set j at the current moment.

[0018] In step 4, the new energy penetration rate β is defined as the ratio of the new energy power generation to the total system load demand. According to different values of β, the system will adopt different carbon emission responsibility allocation strategies, including the full responsibility mode on the power generation side, the source-load benchmark sharing mode, and the transitional interval responsibility allocation mode. The transitional interval responsibility allocation mode refers to the operating state where the new energy penetration rate is between the low threshold of 80% and the high threshold of 100%. At this time, the carbon emission responsibility is dynamically allocated proportionally.

[0019] The responsibility allocation parameter k(β) represents the proportion of the traditional generator set in the total carbon emission responsibility, and its value changes dynamically with the new energy penetration rate β; the specific definition is as follows: When β ≤ 80%: (13), In the formula, It represents the benchmark responsibility ratio of traditional units, generally taking 0.5. At low penetration rates, new energy generation is insufficient to meet most of the load demand, and traditional units need to provide a large amount of power support. Therefore, the carbon emission responsibility is shared by traditional units and the load side. When : (14), In the transition interval, as β increases, the proportion of new energy gradually increases, the power generation and carbon emissions of traditional units decrease. Therefore, its responsibility ratio k(β) linearly increases from to 1, achieving a smooth transition. When : (15); At high penetration rates, the new energy power generation exceeds the total system load demand, and traditional units can be completely shut down. Theoretically, the carbon emissions are 0. At this time, it is set that indicates that if there are carbon emissions, they are all borne by the power generation side. k(β) is a weight parameter that changes with β and is used to adjust the relative proportion of traditional units and the load side in the carbon emission responsibility. At low penetration rates, the responsibility is evenly shared; at high penetration rates, it tends to be that the power generation side bears more responsibility until the traditional units are shut down.

[0020] To avoid frequent switching of strategies due to small fluctuations in β near the threshold (such as 80% or 100%), a hysteresis interval is introduced. In this embodiment, the hysteresis bandwidth Δβ = 5% is set. When β > 105% and lasts for 30 minutes, it switches to the full responsibility mode of the power generation side. When β < 75% and lasts for 30 minutes, it switches to the source-load benchmark sharing mode. Similarly, the condition for switching back from the full responsibility mode of the power generation side to the responsibility allocation mode in the transition interval is β < 95%, and the condition for switching from the source-load benchmark mode to the responsibility allocation mode in the transition interval is β > 85%. The strategy switching needs to meet that the β value continuously remains within the target interval for 30 minutes to avoid interference from transient fluctuations.

[0021] The method described in the present invention realizes the multi-objective collaborative optimization of fairness in responsibility allocation, maximization of new energy consumption, and operation economy on the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the system. At the same time, a reasonable threshold hysteresis interval and transition mechanism are designed to avoid strategy oscillations caused by short-term fluctuations in penetration rate, and improve the robustness and practical applicability of the model.

[0022] To verify the effectiveness of the carbon emission adaptive sharing method proposed in the present invention, a simulation is carried out on it. As Figure 1 shown, under different new energy penetration rates, the system operation cost of the method proposed in the present invention is reduced compared with the traditional static responsibility allocation mechanism. From Figure 1It can be seen that the cost of the traditional method is higher than that of the method of the present invention most of the time. However, during certain time periods, such as between 10 hours and 15 hours, the cost of the traditional method is lower than that of the method of the present invention, which may show a lower cost due to changes in demand. Figure 2 It is further shown that by dynamically optimizing the new energy consumption target, the curtailment amount is effectively controlled in the high-penetration scenario. The method of the present invention effectively reduces the new energy curtailment amount by dynamically adjusting the carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy. Due to the lack of such a dynamic mechanism in the traditional method, the curtailment amount is relatively high when the new energy penetration rate is high. Figure 3 The comparison of the carbon emission responsibility allocation deviation... confirms that the method of the present invention improves the allocation accuracy by real-time adjusting the responsibility weight, avoiding the sudden increase in deviation near the threshold of the traditional method. Figure 3 In... most of the time, the deviation value of the traditional method is higher than that of the method of the present invention. However, during certain time periods, such as between 5 hours and 10 hours, the deviation value of the traditional method is lower than that of the method of the present invention. This may be because during these specific time periods, the traditional method shows a lower deviation due to factors such as the fluctuation of new energy output and the change of load demand. Overall, the method of the present invention has obvious advantages in terms of stability and efficiency. The above simulation results comprehensively show that the method described in the present invention has certain advantages in ensuring system economy, improving the new energy consumption rate, and optimizing the fairness of responsibility allocation.

[0023] The above is only the preferred solution of the present invention and is not intended to further limit the present invention. All equivalent changes made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adaptively allocating carbon emission responsibilities in a power system based on a new energy penetration rate threshold, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Define the indicator that reflects the proportion of renewable energy in electricity supply, namely, renewable energy penetration rate β, and set two thresholds: high and low. Based on the relationship between renewable energy penetration rate and the two thresholds, design the corresponding carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy. Step 2: Comprehensively consider the impact of new energy penetration on the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities, take the fairness of carbon emission responsibility allocation, maximization of new energy consumption, and economic efficiency of system operation as comprehensive optimization goals, and construct a multi-objective function to ensure that the fair allocation of carbon emission responsibilities is achieved under the premise of meeting the stable operation of the system; Step 3: Based on the requirements for safe operation of the power grid, set physical constraints that dynamically match the renewable energy penetration rate β to ensure system stability under different operation modes; Step 4: Based on the real-time relationship between the new energy penetration rate β and the high and low thresholds, dynamically calculate the responsibility allocation parameter k(β) and execute the corresponding carbon emission responsibility allocation strategy.

2. According to claim 1, a method for adaptively allocating carbon emission responsibilities of a power system based on a new energy penetration rate threshold is characterized in that: In step 1, when the renewable energy penetration rate β continuously exceeds the high threshold of 100%, the traditional units are shut down and the full-responsibility mode on the power generation side is activated; when the renewable energy penetration rate β is lower than the low threshold of 80%, the source-load benchmark sharing mechanism is started; in the transition area between the high threshold and the low threshold, the responsibility allocation weights are dynamically adjusted in proportion.

3. According to claim 2, a method for adaptively allocating carbon emission responsibilities of a power system based on a new energy penetration rate threshold is characterized in that: In order to avoid frequent strategy switching due to slight fluctuations in the penetration rate of new energy near the threshold, a hysteresis interval is introduced and the hysteresis bandwidth is set. ; when , and after a preset time, switch to the full-responsibility mode on the power generation side; when When the power generation side is fully responsible, the mode is switched back to the transitional interval responsibility allocation mode; when , and after a preset time, switch to the source-load basis sharing mode; when When the load is equal to the source, the load is switched from the source-load reference mode to the transition interval responsibility allocation mode.

4. According to claim 3, a method for adaptively allocating carbon emission responsibilities of a power system based on a new energy penetration rate threshold is characterized in that: In step 2, a multi-objective function containing three sub-objectives is constructed as follows: （1）， In the formula, is the weight coefficient, satisfying ; The goal of fairness is to minimize the deviation in the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities; The goal of new energy consumption is to maximize the consumption of new energy and minimize the abandonment of wind and solar power; The economic goal is to minimize the total operating cost of the system; 1) Define the goal of minimizing the deviation in carbon emission responsibility allocation: （2）， In the formula, is the set of all nodes in the system. is the actual carbon emissions allocated to node i, is the ideal allocation based on the real-time permeability β, calculated dynamically by mode: （3）， In the formula, They are new energy units, traditional units, and load node sets. The real-time output of node i in the new energy unit; is the real-time output of node i of the traditional unit; is the load power consumption of load node i, where i is the node number of the current calculation, i.e., the target node, and j is the traversal node number used for normalized calculation; 2) Maximize the consumption of new energy and minimize the abandonment of wind and solar power: （4）， In the formula, is the maximum output of new energy for node i, The total actual output of new energy; 3) Minimize the total system operating cost: （5）， Among them, the cost of traditional generator power generation for: （6）， In the formula, is the cost coefficient of traditional generator set i, is the output of traditional generator set i at time t, and T is the total operating time; Penalty costs for curtailing renewable energy for: （7）， In the formula, is the unit price of abandoned electricity, represents the maximum output of node i in the new energy unit at time t; Load side compensation cost for: （8）， In the formula, is the unit price for electricity / heat load compensation, is the amount of electrical / heat load removed, Represents a collection of interruptible electrical / thermal load nodes; Through dynamic weight adjustment of the new energy penetration rate β target, we ensure that new energy consumption is prioritized when the penetration rate is high, and focus on economic efficiency when the penetration rate is low: （9）。 5. According to claim 1, a method for adaptively allocating carbon emission responsibilities of a power system based on a new energy penetration rate threshold, characterized in that: Step 3 is as follows: (1) Power balance constraints: （10）， In the formula, are the output power of traditional generator sets and new energy generator sets respectively. is the energy storage charging / discharging power value in energy storage device k, Indicates the required power of the load node; (2) Energy storage equipment constraints: The operation of the energy storage device meets the upper and lower limits of the charging and discharging power and the energy storage capacity: （11）， In the formula, Indicates the upper and lower limits of the charging power of energy storage device k; Indicates the upper and lower limits of the discharge power of the energy storage device k; Indicates the upper and lower limits of the energy storage capacity of the energy storage device k; Respectively represent the charging and discharging power; represents the remaining capacity of energy storage device k at time t; Respectively represent the charging / discharging efficiency coefficient of energy storage; express The time interval from time to time t; (3) Output constraints of new energy units: The output of new energy units is limited by weather conditions, and the actual output cannot exceed the maximum output. The constraints are as follows: （12）， In the formula, represents the actual output of new energy unit j, It represents the maximum output of new energy unit j at the current moment.

6. A method for adaptively allocating carbon emission responsibilities of a power system based on a new energy penetration rate threshold according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Step 4 is as follows: The responsibility allocation parameter k(β) represents the proportion of traditional generators in the total carbon emission responsibility, and its value changes dynamically with the new energy penetration rate β. The specific definition is as follows: When β≤80%: （13）， In the formula, Indicates the baseline responsibility ratio of traditional units; at low penetration rates, renewable energy generation is insufficient to meet most load demands, and traditional units need to provide a large amount of power support, so the carbon emission responsibility is shared by traditional units and the load side; when hour: （14）， In the transition period, as β increases, the proportion of new energy gradually increases, and the power generation and carbon emissions of traditional units decrease. Therefore, its responsibility ratio k(β) changes from Increase linearly to 1 to achieve a smooth transition; when hour: （15）， At high penetration rate, the power of renewable energy generation exceeds the total load demand of the system, and the traditional units are completely shut down. Theoretically, carbon emissions are 0. At this time, This means that if there are any carbon emissions, they will all be borne by the power generation side.

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