Demounting-free bottom die steel bar truss floor support plate construction system based on intelligent construction site

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of floor support plate construction, and particularly discloses a disassembly-free bottom die steel bar truss floor support plate construction system based on an intelligent construction site, which comprises a BIM (Building Information Modeling) model driving module, a construction progress control module, an Internet of Things sensing module, a visual detection module, an evidence storage module and a cloud platform, the BIM model driving module constructs a three-dimensional model and maps the three-dimensional model to field positioning; the construction progress control module dynamically simulates the process through four-dimensional coupling; the Internet of Things sensing module collects welding current, stress and temperature and humidity data in real time and carries out early warning. The visual inspection module inspects quality parameters such as seam splicing and lap joint based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection; the evidence storage module encrypts and stores construction data; and the cloud platform integrates the whole-process instruction. Through cooperation of multiple modules, high-precision positioning, process dynamic simulation and data full-process management of floor support plate construction are realized, and the construction precision and the progress management and control efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of floor slab formwork construction, and particularly relates to a construction system for a non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slab based on a smart construction site. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of China's economy, prefabricated buildings have become a common building type, with construction advantages such as high construction efficiency, environmental friendliness, and short construction period. In the installation of prefabricated building floors, precast composite slabs and steel bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slabs are usually used as horizontal components. However, the composite slabs are heavy in quality, prone to cracking during hoisting, and need to be provided with horizontal supports during installation, reducing the installation efficiency; the steel bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slabs have a small application range and can only be applied to steel frame structures, and ceilings need to be set during later decoration, increasing the construction cost. In order to improve the construction quality and installation efficiency of prefabricated floors, non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slabs have emerged as the times require.

[0003] Chinese Patent with the publication number CN113250365A discloses a lightweight concrete slab with a non-removable bottom formwork. This slab can not only bear the horizontal support of the floor slab and be used as a support formwork, but also be used as a part of the floor slab component to achieve non-removal, reducing the construction steps and improving the construction efficiency. However, when using this concrete slab as a floor slab formwork for assembly, the installation positioning depends on manual measurement, and it is difficult to accurately control key parameters such as the lapping length and the joint width. In complex structures such as drop panel joints and cantilever parts, the welding coordinates and the steel bar arrangement are prone to not meeting the design requirements due to the deviation of the joint structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provide a construction system for a non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slab based on a smart construction site.

[0005] The invention provides a construction system for a non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slab based on a smart construction site. The construction system is used for the construction of drop panel floor slabs and equal-height floor slabs, and includes: A BIM model driving module, which is used to construct a virtual scene of the construction site, perform three-dimensional modeling on steel beams, floor slabs, and supporting angle steels based on the design drawings of building construction, generate a building information model including component dimensions, joint structures, and steel bar arrangement parameters, and map the building information model to the three-dimensional coordinate system of the virtual scene to form a BIM model; A construction progress control module, which couples the building information model with the construction progress plan in four dimensions, dynamically simulates the hoisting path of the floor slab, the welding sequence, and the temporary support erection process, and generates a number of consecutive or parallel processes with time tags; The Internet of Things sensing module collects welding current, component stress, and ambient temperature and humidity data in real time through sensors deployed on the floor deck, steel beams, welding robots, and construction sites, and compares them with the BIM model in real time to trigger an anomaly warning. The vision inspection module automatically detects the seam width, lap length, and surface flatness of the floor deck based on drone inspections, identifies the risk of grout leakage, and generates a visualization report. The evidence storage module is used to encrypt and store welding parameters, steel bar binding, and acceptance results. The cloud platform is connected to the construction progress control module and generates a full-process construction instruction including floor deck laying, vertical bar spot welding of supports, side formwork installation, temporary support erection, steel bar binding, embedded water and electricity, and concrete pouring based on several consecutive or parallel processes to complete the construction of dropped slabs and equal-height floor decks.

[0006] Furthermore, the BIM model driving module includes: The model construction unit generates a three-dimensional model of the support angle steel welding coordinates, floor deck lap length, and temporary support based on the construction parameters of the dropped slab node and the cantilever part node. The construction preview unit simulates the floor deck hoisting sequence, steel bar binding time sequence, and concrete pouring route to optimize the logic of process connection. The data mapping unit synchronizes the three-dimensional coordinates in the virtual scene with the construction site positioning equipment to guide actual construction positioning.

[0007] Furthermore, the construction progress control module includes: The construction progress compensation unit is configured to quantitatively compare each process with the actual construction progress, determine the deviation amount of the specific process, and output the resource allocation required for the process corresponding to the deviation amount through the progress compensation model to compensate for the construction progress deviation amount; the construction progress compensation unit sends the resource allocation to the cloud platform to dynamically adjust the construction process of the non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor deck. The conflict warning unit is configured to: Divide the floor deck model into several installation units according to the construction section, simulate the floor deck hoisting path and process connection time in the virtual scene based on the preset hoisting machinery parameters, assign time attribute tags to each installation unit by analyzing the time parameters in the construction progress plan, establish the association relationship between the time axis and the installation unit, trigger the status update of the installation unit when the time axis advances, and render it in real time in the virtual scene. Through time-space superposition analysis, identify the space-time conflict of adjacent floor deck models and generate a warning signal. The resource optimization unit calculates the cutting plan for special-shaped floor decks based on the construction section division, and generates a material supply plan and equipment scheduling table with time stamps.

[0008] A further solution is that the construction process of the progress compensation model is as follows: Collect the resource allocations of different processes at different compensation times under a large number of different working conditions, generate a three-dimensional data set including processes, compensation times, and resource allocations, and after being marked by artificial experts, input the three-dimensional data set into a neural network model for iterative training to output the resource allocation; The three-dimensional data set includes the lag times of different processes under different working conditions and the resource allocations corresponding to the lag times of different processes under different working conditions.

[0009] A further solution is that the Internet of Things perception module includes: A welding quality monitoring unit, installs a current sensor at the welding torch of the welding robot, and monitors the current intensity and welding time in real time. If it deviates from the preset threshold, the device will be locked and an alarm will be issued; A component stress monitoring unit, pastes strain gauges at the vertical bars of the floor slab bearing support and the supporting angle steel, and triggers an early warning when the stress value exceeds 80% of the design value; An environment regulation unit, used to collect the dust concentration and humidity in the welding environment, regulate the environmental parameters based on the collected data, and synchronously adjust the welding plan.

[0010] A further solution is that the vision detection module includes: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection unit, scans the joints of the floor slab by aerial photography, identifies the areas where the width deviation exceeds the set gap threshold and marks the risk of grout leakage; the gap threshold is set to the standard required gap width ±2 mm; A concealed works acceptance unit, scans the binding spacing of steel bars and the embedded positions of pipelines, and generates a concealed works report.

[0011] A further solution is that the welding quality monitoring unit is further configured as: When welding at the cantilever part, scan the actual component position and compare it with the BIM model. If the lap deviation exceeds the threshold, suspend the operation and prompt manual adjustment; After welding is completed, automatically upload the welding parameters to the evidence storage module.

[0012] A further solution is that the evidence storage module is further configured to generate an electronic acceptance form by retrieving welding data, concealed works reports and comparing them with the BIM model before concrete pouring.

[0013] A further solution is that the cloud platform is further configured as: Real-time obtain the parameters of the Internet of Things perception module and intuitively display the compliance rate of construction parameters at each node.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention constructs a three-dimensional model including component dimensions and joint structures through a BIM model driving module, realizes the full-process digital mapping from design to construction, reduces the understanding deviation of traditional two-dimensional drawings, and improves the modeling accuracy. The cloud platform integrates the full-process construction instructions (floor slab laying → concrete pouring), realizes the automatic scheduling of process connection, and ensures the construction progress compared with the traditional manual management; through the four-dimensional coupling (three-dimensional model + time axis) to dynamically simulate the hoisting path and welding sequence, identify process conflicts in advance (such as the intersection of hoisting and support erection), and reduce the phenomenon of on-site idleness; the Internet of Things sensing module collects data such as welding current and component stress in real time, compares with the BIM model in real time and gives an abnormal warning to avoid the expansion of quality hazards.

[0015] The model construction unit of the present invention performs three-dimensional modeling on steel beams, floor slabs, and supporting angle steels based on design drawings, clarifies component dimensions, joint structures, and reinforcement arrangement parameters, combines with the data mapping unit to synchronize virtual coordinates with on-site positioning devices, guides actual construction, and avoids component installation deviation caused by traditional manual measurement errors. The drone inspection unit automatically identifies the width deviation of the floor slab joint and the flatness of the slab surface. When the welding robot welds at the cantilever part, it scans the component position and compares it with the BIM model to realize the real-time verification of key parameters such as joint and lap length; and through the evidence storage module, it retrieves welding data and concealed project reports before concrete pouring and compares them with the BIM model to generate an electronic acceptance form to ensure that the joint structure is completely consistent with the design, and guarantees the construction accuracy throughout the whole chain from modeling, construction to acceptance.

[0016] The present invention simulates the hoisting sequence and steel bar binding sequence through the construction preview unit, optimizes the process logic, reduces the process waiting time, calculates the process deviation amount in real time through quantitative comparison based on the construction progress compensation unit, and the progress compensation model outputs a resource allocation plan to ensure completion on schedule. Compared with the traditional empirical scheduling, it reduces the configuration errors of personnel and equipment. The conflict warning unit identifies the spatio-temporal conflicts of adjacent floor slab hoisting through time-space superposition analysis to avoid safety accidents and mechanical idleness.

[0017] The construction progress compensation unit quantitatively compares the time and workload deviation of each process, outputs a resource allocation plan through the progress compensation model, and dynamically makes up for the progress deviation; the resource optimization unit generates a cutting plan for special-shaped floor slabs and a time-stamped material and equipment scheduling table based on the construction section division to ensure the matching of material supply and processes; the cloud platform integrates the full-process construction instructions to realize the automatic connection of processes. Compared with the traditional manual scheduling, the construction process efficiency is significantly improved, and the controllability of the key process duration is greatly enhanced. Description of the Drawings

[0018] The following drawings are only for illustrative description and explanation of the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention, where: Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the construction system principle of the present invention; Figure 2 : Diagram of the laying of the non-removable floor formwork at the cantilevered part; Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the laying of the non-removable floor formwork at the drop panel joint; Figure 4 : Plan layout diagram of the temporary support of the non-removable floor formwork; Figure 5 : Welding schematic diagram of the side formwork (a > 200mm); Figure 6 : Welding schematic diagram of the side formwork (a ≤ 200mm); In the figure: 1. BIM model driving module; 2. Construction progress control module; 3. Internet of Things perception module; 4. Visual inspection module; 5. Evidence storage module; 6. Cloud platform; 7. Model construction unit; 8. Construction preview unit; 9. Data mapping unit; 10. Construction progress compensation unit; 11. Conflict warning unit; 12. Resource optimization unit; 13. Welding quality monitoring unit; 14. Component stress monitoring unit; 15. Environment regulation unit; 16. UAV inspection unit; 17. Hidden works acceptance unit; 18. Progress compensation model; 19. Steel beam; 20. Floor formwork; 21. Supporting angle steel; 22. Diagonal brace; a is the long side of the template cross-section. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution, design method and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a construction system for non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slabs 20 based on an intelligent construction site, which is used for the construction of dropped floor slabs 20 and equal-height floor slabs 20. The system includes a BIM model driving module 1, a construction progress control module 2, an Internet of Things perception module 3, a visual inspection module 4, an evidence storage module 5, and a cloud platform 6. The BIM model driving module 1 is used to construct a virtual scene of the construction site, perform three-dimensional modeling on steel beams 19, floor slabs 20, and supporting angle steels 21 based on the design drawings of building construction, generate a building information model including component dimensions, joint structures, and steel bar arrangement parameters, and map the building information model to the three-dimensional coordinate system of the virtual scene to form a BIM model. The BIM model driving module 1 includes: a model construction unit 7, which generates the welding coordinates of the supporting angle steel 21, the lapping length of the floor slab 20, and the three-dimensional model of the temporary support based on the construction parameters of the dropped floor node and the cantilever part node; a construction preview unit 8, which simulates the hoisting sequence of the floor slab 20, the steel bar binding time sequence, and the concrete pouring route, and optimizes the logic of process connection; a data mapping unit 9, which synchronizes the three-dimensional coordinates in the virtual scene with the construction site positioning equipment to guide actual construction positioning. Among them, the construction preview unit 8 optimizes the process connection logic in the following way: dynamically simulates the hoisting sequence of the floor slab 20, the steel bar binding time sequence, and the concrete pouring route, identifies the connection logic between different processes, and adjusts the sequence or parallel execution strategy of the processes (such as synchronizing the steel bar binding and the erection of temporary supports) through the time axis analysis in the virtual scene to reduce the idle time between processes; if the simulation results show that a certain link takes too long, the system automatically adjusts the resource allocation (such as increasing hoisting equipment or adjusting the number of work teams) to ensure tight connection of the process.

[0021] The construction progress control module 2 couples the building information model with the construction progress plan in four dimensions, dynamically simulates the hoisting path of the floor slab 20, the welding time sequence, and the erection process of the temporary support, and generates a number of consecutive or parallel processes with time tags. The construction progress control module 2 includes: The construction progress compensation unit 10 is configured to quantitatively compare the process of each step with the actual construction progress, determine the deviation amount of the specific process, and output the resource allocation required for the process corresponding to the deviation amount through the progress compensation model 18 to compensate for the construction progress deviation amount. The construction progress compensation unit 10 sends the resource allocation to the cloud platform 6 to dynamically adjust the construction process of the non-removable bottom formwork steel bar truss floor slab 20. Among them, the process of quantitatively comparing the process of each step with the actual construction progress is as follows: compare the start time and duration of several consecutive or parallel processes with time tags with the corresponding time parameters of the actual construction progress, calculate the time deviation amount (such as the advanced or lagged duration), and use the engineering quantity of each process (such as the laying area of the floor slab 20, the binding length of steel bars, etc.) as an index to compare the completed workload in the process and the actual progress, and determine the deviation of the workload completion ratio. Check whether the actual progress follows the preset logical relationships in the process (such as the sequence, dependency), and identify whether there are logical confusions or reversed sequences.

[0022] The conflict warning unit 11 is configured to: divide the floor slab 20 model into several installation units according to the construction section, simulate the hoisting path and process connection time of the floor slab 20 in the virtual scene based on the preset hoisting machinery parameters, assign time attribute tags to each installation unit by parsing the time parameters in the construction progress plan, establish the association relationship between the time axis and the installation unit. When the time axis advances, trigger the status update of the installation unit and render it in real time in the virtual scene. Through time-space superposition analysis, identify the space-time conflicts of adjacent floor slab 20 models and generate warning signals. The resource optimization unit 12 calculates the cutting scheme of the special-shaped floor slab 20 based on the construction section division, and generates a material supply plan and equipment scheduling table with time stamps.

[0023] In this embodiment, the construction process of the progress compensation model 18 is as follows: Collect the resource allocations of different processes under different working conditions and different compensation times, generate a three-dimensional data set including processes, compensation times, and resource allocations, mark the three-dimensional data set by artificial experts to clarify the reasonable resource allocations under different simulated progress and time equivalents, provide accurate sample data for model training, input the three-dimensional data set into the neural network model for iterative training, and output the resource allocation. The three-dimensional data set includes the lag times of different processes under different working conditions and the resource allocations corresponding to the lag times of different processes under different working conditions. In this embodiment, the neural network model adopts a long short-term memory network (LSTM), which can process sequence data, capture long-term dependencies in the data, and is suitable for predicting resource allocations under different working conditions and compensation times. It includes the following network architectures: Input layer: Receives the three-dimensional data set, encodes the processes, compensation times, and resource allocations, and converts them into a vector form suitable for neural network processing; LSTM layer: Consists of multiple LSTM units, which are used to process the input sequence data and can learn the complex relationships between different processes, compensation times, and resource allocations; The fully connected layer performs a linear transformation on the output of the LSTM layer and maps it to the dimension of the output layer; The output layer outputs the predicted resource allocation. The output dimension of the output layer is 3, and it outputs the number of workers, the number of devices, and the number of materials respectively.

[0024] The Internet of Things sensing module 3 collects welding current, component stress, ambient temperature and humidity data in real time through sensors deployed on the floor deck 20, steel beams 19, welding robots and the construction site, and compares them with the BIM model in real time to trigger an anomaly warning. The Internet of Things sensing module 3 includes: a welding quality monitoring unit 13, which installs a current sensor at the welding gun of the welding robot to monitor the current intensity and welding time in real time. If the welding threshold is deviated, the device will be locked and an alarm will be issued; a component stress monitoring unit 14, which pastes strain gauges at the vertical bars of the floor deck 20 supports and the supporting angle steel 21, and triggers an alarm when the stress value exceeds 80% of the stress threshold; an environmental regulation unit 15, which is used to collect the dust concentration and humidity in the welding environment, regulate the environmental parameters based on the collected data, and synchronously adjust the welding plan. Among them, the welding threshold is the welding current threshold. A current sensor is installed at the welding gun of the welding robot to monitor the current intensity in real time, and the preset threshold is ±10%. That is, when the monitored current intensity deviates from the preset current value by ±10%, the device will be locked and an alarm will be issued. The setting of this threshold is based on the welding process standard and the device performance parameters; when setting the stress threshold, the stress value is monitored by pasting strain gauges at the vertical bars of the floor deck 20 supports and the supporting angle steel 21. When the stress value exceeds 80% of the design value, an alarm will be triggered. The stress threshold setting is based on the safety reserve requirements of the structural design. An alarm is issued when the component stress reaches 80% of the design value, so as to take timely measures to avoid the component being damaged due to excessive stress and ensure the structural safety. At the same time, it is also necessary to set the dust concentration threshold and humidity threshold. Specifically, the dust concentration threshold is that the dust concentration > 5mg / m³. After exceeding the dust concentration threshold, the dust reduction equipment will be automatically started to ensure the physical health of the construction workers and the safety of the construction environment. When the humidity is greater than 85% of the humidity threshold, welding will be stopped. High humidity may affect the welding quality. The setting of the humidity threshold is based on the requirements of the welding process for the ambient humidity, to avoid welding operations in high humidity environments and ensure that the welding effect meets the specification requirements.

[0025] The vision detection module 4 automatically detects the joint width, lapping length and surface flatness of the floor deck 20 based on drone inspection, identifies the risk of grout leakage and generates a visual report. The vision detection module 4 includes: a drone inspection unit 16, which scans the joints of the floor deck 20 through aerial photography, identifies areas with width deviation > ±2mm and marks the risk of grout leakage; a concealed works acceptance unit 17, which scans the bar binding spacing and the pipeline embedded position and generates a concealed works report. The welding quality monitoring unit is further configured to: when welding at the cantilever part, scan the actual component position and compare it with the BIM model. If the lapping deviation exceeds the threshold, the operation will be suspended and manual adjustment will be prompted; after welding is completed, the welding parameters will be automatically uploaded to the evidence storage module 5.

[0026] The evidence storage module 5 is used to encrypt and store the welding parameters, steel bar binding and acceptance results; the evidence storage module 5 is further configured to generate an electronic acceptance form by comparing the welding data and the concealed works report with the BIM model before the concrete pouring. The electronic acceptance form integrates key information in the construction process such as welding data and concealed works report, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the acceptance data and avoiding the impact on the acceptance work due to problems such as loss, damage or unclear recording of paper documents. The electronic acceptance form is stored in a digital form, facilitating subsequent query, traceability and management. After the project is delivered for use, if there are quality problems, the relevant data in the construction process can be quickly retrieved through the electronic acceptance form to clarify the responsible party and the cause of the problem.

[0027] The cloud platform 6 is connected to the construction progress control module 2 and generates a full-process construction instruction including the laying of the floor deck 20, the spot welding of the support vertical bars, the installation of the side formwork, the erection of the temporary support, the binding of the steel bars, the embedded installation of the water and electricity, and the concrete pouring based on a number of consecutive or parallel processes to complete the construction of the dropped slab and the equal-height floor deck 20. The cloud platform 6 is further configured to: obtain the parameters of the Internet of Things perception module 3 in real time and intuitively display the compliance rate of the construction parameters at each node.

[0028] When using the construction system for the construction of the non-removable bottom form steel bar truss floor deck 20, it includes the construction preparation stage, the construction implementation stage and the construction management and data evidence storage. In the construction preparation stage, first through the BIM model drive and construction rehearsal, the model construction unit 7 of the BIM model drive module 1 performs three-dimensional modeling on the steel beam 19, the floor deck 20 (with a thickness of 20 mm, including web members / upper chords / lower chord steel bars, support vertical bars, etc.), and the support angle steel 21 (for the dropped slab nodes) based on the design drawings, marks the component dimensions, the lapping length (≥15 mm) and the steel bar arrangement parameters (such as the transverse steel bar C10@100 mm at the dropped slab nodes), and generates a BIM model including spatial coordinates. For example Figure 4As shown in the figure, the construction rehearsal unit 8 is used to simulate the hoisting sequence of the floor deck 20 (paving from one side to the other side), the steel bar binding time sequence (descending slab joints first and then cantilever parts), and the concrete pouring route (such as S-shaped sectional pouring), optimizing the connection logic of the processes. For example, it avoids the conflict of cross-operation between hoisting and welding. The BIM model coordinates are synchronized with the GPS positioning equipment on the construction site through the data mapping unit 9, and virtual axes are marked at the hoisting positions of the floor deck 20 to guide the tower crane driver for accurate positioning. An electric current sensor (monitoring accuracy ±1%) is installed at the welding torch of the welding robot, and the welding current threshold is set at ±10%; strain gauges are pasted on the vertical bars of the floor deck 20 supports, the supporting angle steel 21, and the temporary support vertical poles to monitor the stress values, and the warning threshold is set at 80% of the design value; environmental sensors (dust concentration, temperature and humidity) are arranged. When the dust > 5mg / m³, the dust reduction equipment is started, and when the humidity > 85%, the welding plan is suspended. The UAV flight path is set to cover key areas such as the joints and cantilever parts of the floor deck 20, and a high-definition camera is configured to identify the joint width (accuracy ±0.5mm) and the flatness of the plate surface (deviation ≤ 3mm).

[0029] In the construction implementation stage, the following steps are included: Hoisting positioning of the floor deck 20: According to the hoisting path generated by the BIM model, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, use the tower crane to hoist the floor deck 20 to the designated position, ensuring that the lap length ≥ 15mm (the two sides of the descending slab joints are respectively lapped to the top flange of the steel beam 19 and the supporting angle steel 21, and the single-side lap is used for the cantilever part). After the paving is completed, start the UAV inspection, scan the joint width, mark the areas with deviation > ±2mm with red warning, and push it to the construction team for rectification through the cloud platform 6. After rectification, scan it again until it is qualified.

[0030] Construction progress simulation: Through the conflict warning unit 11 of the construction progress control module 2, the floor deck 20 is divided into several installation units, the welding time sequence is simulated, and a time label is assigned to each unit (such as "Welding time of Unit 11: 2024072509:0010:00") to avoid the collision of multi-robot operations. When the welding robot is working, the electric current sensor uploads data to the Internet of Things perception module 3 in real time. If the current deviates from the threshold by ±10%, the system automatically locks the equipment and alarms, prompting the technical personnel to adjust the parameters.

[0031] Special treatment for the cantilever part: Before the robot welding, scan the actual component position and compare it with the BIM model. If the lap deviation > 5mm, suspend the operation and trigger the manual adjustment process. After adjustment, continue welding. After welding is completed, the robot automatically uploads the weld point number, current value, and welding time to the evidence storage module 5 for encrypted storage. As Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the resource optimization unit 12 generates a cutting plan according to the edge template type (the long side of the template section > 200 mm or the long side of the template section ≤ 200 mm). For example, for a template with a long side of the template section > 200 mm, a 45° inclined brace 22 (with a thickness of 2 mm) needs to be prefabricated, and through the material plan scheduling CO with a time stamp 2 to the gas shielded welding equipment to the designated construction section. For the edge template with a long side of the template section > 200 mm, after welding the inclined brace 22, the strain gauge monitors the stress of the supporting angle steel 21 in real time. When it exceeds 80% of the design value, the cloud platform 6 generates a warning work order to prompt to increase temporary supports or adjust the subsequent load distribution.

[0032] Installation of temporary supports: During the installation process, the construction progress compensation unit 10 compares the simulated progress (such as "the support of the standard floor needs 4 hours to complete") with the actual progress. If the lag exceeds 30 minutes, it automatically calculates the resource gap (such as lacking 2 scaffolders) and generates an additional allocation instruction to the labor management system. Use steel pipe and coupler supports (the inserted pipe is φ48×3 mm, and the sleeve is φ60×2.5 mm). Through the BIM model, the vertical pole spacing (1.5 m horizontally and 1.1 m vertically) is pre-rehearsed to ensure precise matching with the position of the square wooden board (150×50 mm).

[0033] Pre-acceptance of the concealed project of steel bar binding: After the binding is completed, the concealed project acceptance unit 17 of the visual inspection module 4 is started. The drone equipped with a laser scanner scans the steel bar spacing (≤100 mm horizontally and ≤200 mm vertically), generates point cloud data and compares it with the BIM model. The unqualified areas are highlighted in the model (such as the parts with excessive spacing marked in red), and the construction team rectifies according to the drawing.

[0034] Intelligent verification of the steel bars at the nodes: The extension length of the steel bars at the drop panel nodes (greater than or equal to 2 times the minimum anchorage length) and the welding quality of the steel bars at the cantilever part and the edge template are automatically verified through the BIM parameters. When abnormal, the cloud platform 6 generates a rectification work order with an attached three-dimensional model annotation drawing to ensure that the anchorage length meets the design requirements.

[0035] Environmental linkage control for embedded water and electricity pipelines: During the operation of drilling holes with a water drill, the dust sensor monitors the concentration in real time. When it exceeds 5 mg / m³, the spray dust suppression system is automatically started; when the humidity > 85%, the system stops the welding plan and preferentially arranges the fixed operation of indoor pipelines.

[0036] Data pre-certification: After the pipeline installation is completed, the position of the junction box, the pipe diameter (such as φ≤110 mm or > 300 mm), and the reinforcement measures (such as ribbed fixation) are recorded through the QR code label, and the data is synchronized to the certification module 5 to provide a basis for subsequent acceptance.

[0037] Hidden project acceptance, concrete pouring, and generation of electronic acceptance forms: The evidence storage module 5 automatically retrieves welding data, steel bar binding reports, and pipeline embedding records. After comparing them with the BIM model without errors, it generates an electronic acceptance form containing the acceptance time and parameter list. The three parties of construction, supervision, and subcontracting sign and confirm online, rejecting the transfer of paper documents.

[0038] Monitoring during the pouring process: When the concrete is poured along an "S" - shaped route, the cloud platform 6 analyzes the strain gauge data in real - time. If the stress at the drop - panel node is continuously greater than 70% of the design value for 30 minutes, it automatically sends a pause instruction to the pump truck operation terminal, and at the same time highlights the hidden - danger location in the BIM model. After the stress drops or is reinforced, the pouring continues. During the curing period, the temperature and humidity sensor data is connected to the cloud to generate a curing curve. When the humidity is less than 60%, the spray system is automatically started to ensure that the concrete strength meets the standards.

[0039] During construction management and data evidence storage, the progress compensation model 18 collects the resource allocations of different processes under different working conditions and at different compensation times, generating a three - dimensional data set containing processes, compensation times, and resource allocations. After being marked by experts, it trains a neural network model to output the optimal resource allocation plan. For example, when the progress of a certain construction section lags behind by 4 hours due to material delay, the model automatically calculates that 1 welding team + 1 crane need to be additionally allocated to ensure that the total construction period remains unchanged.

[0040] The present invention realizes a closed - loop of model pre - rehearsal, real - time monitoring, and dynamic adjustment through BIM + Internet of Things + vision detection. The combination of the progress compensation model 18 and cloud instructions speeds up the response time of team scheduling and improves equipment utilization rate. The electronic acceptance form replaces the traditional process, and through the deep integration of system modules and construction processes, it realizes the full - process intelligent control of the construction of the non - removable bottom - form steel bar truss floor slab 20 in a smart construction site environment.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to technologies in the market, or to enable other ordinary technical personnel in the technical field to understand the disclosed embodiments.

Claims

1. A bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site, characterized in that: The construction system is used for the construction of drop-down floor decking and equal-height floor decking, and includes: The BIM model driving module is used to build a virtual scene of the construction site, and to perform three-dimensional modeling of steel beams, floor decking, and supporting angle steels based on the design drawings of the building construction, generate a building information model containing component dimensions, node structures, and reinforcement layout parameters, and map the building information model to the three-dimensional coordinate system of the virtual scene to form a BIM model; The construction progress control module couples the building information model with the construction progress plan in four dimensions, dynamically simulates the floor deck hoisting path, welding sequence and temporary support erection process, and generates several continuous or parallel processes with time tags; The IoT sensing module collects welding current, component stress, and ambient temperature and humidity data in real time through sensors deployed on floor decking, steel beams, welding robots, and construction sites, and compares them with the BIM model in real time to trigger abnormal warnings. The visual inspection module automatically detects the width of floor decking joints, lap length and flatness of the board surface based on drone inspections, identifies leakage risks and generates visual reports; Evidence storage module, used to encrypt and store welding parameters, steel bar binding and acceptance results; The cloud platform is connected to the construction progress control module, and generates full-process construction instructions including floor decking laying, support vertical reinforcement spot welding, side formwork installation, temporary support erection, steel bar binding, water and electricity pre-embedding and concrete pouring based on several continuous or parallel processes to complete the construction of lowered slabs and equal-height floor decking.

2. According to claim 1, a bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site is characterized in that: The BIM model driving module includes: The model building unit generates the three-dimensional model of the supporting angle steel welding coordinates, the lap length of the floor deck and the temporary support based on the structural parameters of the drop-slab nodes and the cantilevered node; The construction rehearsal unit simulates the order of floor deck hoisting, the timing of steel bar binding and the route of concrete pouring to optimize the logic of process connection; The data mapping unit synchronizes the three-dimensional coordinates in the virtual scene with the positioning equipment on the construction site to guide the actual construction positioning.

3. According to claim 2, a bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site is characterized in that: The construction progress control module includes: The construction progress compensation unit is configured to quantitatively compare the process of each step with the actual construction progress, determine the deviation of the specific process, and output the resource configuration required for the process corresponding to the deviation through the progress compensation model to compensate for the construction progress deviation; the construction progress compensation unit sends the resource configuration to the cloud platform to dynamically adjust the construction process of the steel truss floor deck without dismantling the bottom formwork; The conflict warning unit is configured as follows: The floor deck model is divided into several installation units according to the construction section. Based on the preset lifting machinery parameters, the floor deck lifting path and process connection time are simulated in the virtual scene. By analyzing the time parameters in the construction schedule, a time attribute label is assigned to each installation unit, and the association relationship between the time axis and the installation unit is established. When the time axis advances, the status update of the installation unit is triggered and rendered in real time in the virtual scene. Through time-space superposition analysis, the spatiotemporal conflict of adjacent floor deck models is identified, and an early warning signal is generated; The resource optimization unit calculates the cutting plan for special-shaped floor decking based on the division of construction sections and generates a material supply plan and equipment scheduling table with timestamps.

4. According to claim 3, a bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site is characterized in that: The construction process of the progress compensation model is as follows: Collect a large number of resource configurations of different processes under different working conditions and at different compensation times, generate a three-dimensional data set containing process, compensation time, and resource configuration, and then input the three-dimensional data set into the neural network model for iterative training after being labeled by human experts, and output the resource configuration; The three-dimensional data group includes the lag time of different processes under different working conditions and the resource configuration corresponding to the lag time of different processes under the different working conditions.

5. According to claim 4, a bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site is characterized in that: The Internet of Things perception module includes: The welding quality monitoring unit installs a current sensor at the welding gun of the welding robot to monitor the current intensity and welding time in real time. If it deviates from the preset threshold, the device will be locked and an alarm will be issued; The component stress monitoring unit pastes strain gauges on the vertical reinforcement and supporting angle steel of the floor deck support, and triggers an early warning when the stress value exceeds 80% of the design value; The environmental control unit is used to collect the dust concentration and humidity in the welding environment, and to control the environmental parameters based on the collected data and adjust the welding plan synchronously.

6. The bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The visual inspection module comprises: The drone inspection unit scans the joints of the floor decking slabs through aerial photography, identifies areas where the width deviation exceeds the set gap threshold and marks the risk of leakage; the gap threshold is set to the standard gap width of ±2mm; The concealed engineering acceptance unit scans the steel bar binding spacing and pipeline pre-buried position to generate a concealed engineering report.

7. The bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The welding quality monitoring unit is further configured as follows: When welding at cantilevered parts, scan the actual component position and compare it with the BIM model. If the overlap deviation exceeds the threshold, the operation will be suspended and manual adjustment will be prompted. After welding is completed, the welding parameters are automatically uploaded to the evidence storage module.

8. The bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The evidence storage module is further configured to generate an electronic acceptance form by retrieving welding data, hidden engineering reports and comparing them with the BIM model before pouring concrete.

9. The bottom formwork-free steel truss floor deck construction system based on a smart construction site according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The cloud platform is further configured as follows: Acquire the parameters of the IoT perception module in real time and intuitively display the compliance rate of construction parameters at each node.

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