Rice disease and pest monitoring method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice disease and insect pest monitoring method and system, and relates to the technical field of disease and insect pest monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: firstly testing the resistance of different rice varieties to different disease and insect pests, then selecting an optimal rice planting variety for a planting field, and according to the disease and insect pest conditions of the planting field, determining the disease and insect pest conditions of the planting field; according to the method, a variety with relatively high resistance is selected for planting, damage of diseases and insect pests during later growth is reduced, and meanwhile, the cost of monitoring the diseases and insect pests is reduced, so that the cost of rice planting is reduced, a basis is provided for subsequent high-yield and high-quality planting of rice, and during rice planting, an image of each single rice plant is monitored, and a three-dimensional model is constructed; the defense effect of each part in each single rice plant is obtained, then abnormal parts and abnormal pest and disease damage types in the rice are confirmed, reference is provided for subsequent pest and disease damage treatment, the treatment position is accurately positioned, and the pest and disease damage monitoring and treatment effects are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pest and disease monitoring, and particularly relates to a method and system for monitoring rice pests and diseases. Background Art

[0002] Based on technologies such as virtual reality, digital twin, and the Internet of Things, digital twin three-dimensional modeling is carried out on various data such as rice and farmland sensors. Relying on the agricultural industry big data resource system, industrial decision-making data is provided for the visualization platform to increase rice planting yields.

[0003] The prior art, such as the pest and disease digital monitoring and early warning method and system disclosed in the patent application with the publication number CN118334582A, includes the following steps: Based on crop health images, a graph model with crop leaf regions as nodes and the interactions between leaves as edges is constructed using a graph convolutional network algorithm. The spatial relationships between nodes are captured through graph embedding technology to enhance the model's recognition ability for pest and disease image features, and a crop leaf graph model is generated. In the present invention, through the graph convolutional network algorithm, a graph model of crop leaves is constructed to effectively capture the complex spatial relationships between leaves, enhance the recognition of pest and disease image features. The variational autoencoder provides an efficient method for learning the latent representation of images in anomaly detection, significantly improving the recognition rate. The dynamic graph neural network accurately predicts the spread trend of pests and diseases in spatio-temporal distribution. The combination of the Isolation Forest and One-Class Support Vector Machine algorithms plays a key role in improving the accuracy of anomaly detection.

[0004] The prior art, such as an agroforestry pest and disease monitoring and management system disclosed in the patent application with the publication number CN117078456B, relates to the technical field of pest and disease management. The present invention includes setting monitoring devices at each height layer in each sub-region to collect pest and disease information at each height layer in each sub-region, and analyzing the pest and disease hazard assessment coefficients corresponding to each sub-region according to the environmental information corresponding to each sub-region, screening out each target sub-region, and then analyzing the dosage of each pesticide type corresponding to each target sub-region. After the pesticide application is completed, the pest and disease suppression effect corresponding to each target sub-region is monitored, solving the problem of the limitation of the monitoring devices in collecting pest and disease information in the current technology, realizing the intelligent and automatic monitoring and analysis of pests and diseases, greatly ensuring the integrity of pest and disease information monitoring, and then improving the accuracy of subsequent pest and disease protection, effectively reducing the losses of the planted crops, and at the same time increasing the yield and quality of the planted crops.

[0005] The above-mentioned solution has at least the following deficiencies: 1. Different rice varieties have different resistance abilities to different types of pests and diseases. Therefore, selecting a suitable variety before rice planting can reduce the impact of pests and diseases in the later stage and the cost of pest and disease monitoring. However, in the above solution, there is a lack of testing on the resistance abilities of different rice varieties to different types of pests and diseases, and it is impossible to select a variety with stronger resistance according to the pest and disease situation in the planting area. As a result, it is impossible to reduce the damage of pests and diseases during the later growth period, nor can it reduce the cost of pest and disease monitoring, which increases the cost of rice planting and cannot improve the yield and quality of rice.

[0006] 2. The morphology of different parts of rice is different when resisting pests and diseases. Monitoring the morphology of different parts of rice can help understand the resistance of rice to pests and diseases. However, in the above solution, the main focus is on monitoring pests and diseases, lacking the monitoring of the resistance and defense status of rice. As a result, it is impossible to accurately grasp the impact of pests and diseases on rice, and it is impossible to identify the parts of rice that are severely damaged by pests and diseases. Also, during the later pest and disease control, it is impossible to accurately locate the treatment position, and the effectiveness of pest and disease monitoring and control cannot be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the above-mentioned existing technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for monitoring rice pests and diseases.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring rice pests and diseases is provided, including the following steps: Step 1. Rice experiment: Obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, and then process the experimental data to set up a resistance ability table for rice varieties.

[0009] Step 2. Planting selection: Use the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance ability table of rice varieties to select the rice variety to be planted in the planting field and conduct the planting.

[0010] Step 3. Growth monitoring: During the growth process of rice in the planting field, collect images of each rice plant in the planting field and construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field to confirm the pest and disease status in the planting field.

[0011] Step 4. Monitoring execution: According to the pest and disease status in the planting field, perform corresponding operations.

[0012] In the second aspect of the present invention, a system for monitoring rice pests and diseases is provided, including: A rice experiment module, which is used to obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, and then process the experimental data to set up a resistance ability table for rice varieties.

[0013] A planting selection module, which is used to select the rice variety to be planted in the planting field by using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance ability table of the rice variety, and carry out planting.

[0014] A growth monitoring module, which is used to collect images of each rice plant in the planting field during the growth process of the rice in the planting field, construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field, and confirm the pest and disease status in the planting field.

[0015] A monitoring execution module, which is used to execute corresponding operations according to the pest and disease status in the planting field.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a method and system for monitoring rice pests and diseases. First, the resistance of different rice varieties to different pests and diseases is tested, and then the best rice variety is selected for the planting land. According to the pest and disease situation of the planting land, a variety with stronger resistance is selected for planting to reduce the damage of pests and diseases during the later growth period, and at the same time, the cost of monitoring pests and diseases is also reduced, thereby reducing the cost of rice planting, and providing a basis for the subsequent high-yield and high-quality planting of rice. During the rice planting period, images of each rice plant are monitored, and a three-dimensional model is constructed to obtain the defense effect of each part of each rice plant, and then the abnormal parts and the types of various pests and diseases in the rice are confirmed, providing a reference for the subsequent treatment of pests and diseases, accurately positioning the treatment location, and improving the monitoring and treatment effects of pests and diseases. Description of the Drawings

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the implementation steps of the method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic connection diagram of the system structure of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1As shown in the figure, a method for monitoring rice pests and diseases includes the following steps: Step 1, rice experiment: Obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collect the experimental data, and then process the experimental data to set up the resistance ability table of rice varieties.

[0022] It should be noted that the pest and disease data of each historical monitoring in the planting field are obtained from the planting records, and then the average value is calculated to obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field. The pest and disease data include the number of pests and diseases of each pest and disease type.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the process of conducting pest and disease experiments in each experimental field is as follows: A11. Obtain the pest and disease type with the largest number of pests and diseases from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field as the first pest and disease type, then evenly divide each experimental field into each experimental group, and evenly divide each experimental field in each experimental group according to the number of rice production stages to obtain each experimental field at each growth stage. Adjust the soil environment of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group to be consistent, and then plant the corresponding rice varieties in each experimental group, where one experimental group corresponds to one rice variety.

[0024] It should be noted that the soil environment data of each historical monitoring in the planting field are obtained from the planting records, and then the average value is calculated, and the calculation result is used as the soil environment data of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. The soil environment data includes soil water content and oxygen content, etc.

[0025] A12. Use a drone for experimental monitoring. When the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group reaches the corresponding growth stage, release a preset number of pests and diseases of the first pest and disease type, and collect the single-plant image data of the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group at preset time intervals. Then, use the single-plant image data of the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group collected each time to analyze the rice state in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group.

[0026] It should be noted that a camera is carried by the drone to collect the single-plant image data of the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group collected each time.

[0027] Preferably, the analysis process of the rice state in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is as follows: Use the single-plant image data of the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group collected each time to construct a three-dimensional model of each rice single plant in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group, and obtain the defense data and damage data from it, which are respectively denoted as and Among them, \(x\) represents the number of each test group, \(f\) represents the number of each growth stage, \(r\) represents the number of each test field, \(g\) represents the number of each collection, \(y\) represents the number of each single rice plant, and \(x\), \(f\), \(r\), \(g\), and \(y\) are all positive integers.

[0028] It should be noted that the defense data includes leaf thickness and the number of root nodules, etc., and the damage data includes the number of damaged areas and the area of each damaged area, etc.

[0029] To resist pests and diseases, the rice leaves may increase in thickness, making the leaf texture thicker, enhancing the toughness of the leaves, and making it more difficult for pests to feed. Under the stimulation of some pests and diseases, tumor-like or blister-like structures may appear on the rice plants. For example, after certain nematodes infect the roots of rice, root nodules will form on the roots, which is a defense reaction of rice to the infection of root nematodes. Inside the root nodules, rice cells will produce some chemical substances to resist the further invasion of nematodes and may also limit the activity range of nematodes. Therefore, collecting the defense data can understand the defense effect of rice against pests and diseases.

[0030] Obtain the reference defense data and allowable damage data of the rice varieties in each growth stage of each test group from the database, and denote them as \(DZ x ′ f and \(SZ x ′ f , and use the analysis formula:

[0031] to obtain the analysis result of the rice state of the \(r\)-th test field in the \(f\)-th growth stage of the \(x\)-th test group corresponding to the \(g\)-th collection In the formula, \(Y\) represents the number of single rice plants, \(\delta min , \(\delta max are respectively the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value set.

[0032] It should be noted that the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value are the critical values for judging whether the rice state is normal, which are jointly discussed and formulated by multiple professionals. When the calculated value is greater than the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value, it indicates that the rice state is in a resistant state, and the self-defense ability of the rice against pests and diseases can resist the invasion of pests and diseases; when the calculated value is between the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value, it indicates that the rice state is in a slightly damaged state, and the self-defense ability of the rice against pests and diseases can resist the invasion of most pests and diseases, and the rice is slightly damaged; when the calculated value is less than the lower limit value of the rice state characteristic value, it indicates that the rice state is in a severely damaged state, and the self-defense ability of the rice against pests and diseases cannot resist the invasion of most pests and diseases, and the rice is severely damaged. For example, the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value are 4 and 9 respectively.

[0033] The calculated value is 5, and 4 < 5 < 9, indicating that the rice state of the r-th test field in the f-th growth stage of the x-th test group corresponding to the g-th collection is in a slightly damaged state.

[0034] Similarly, the setting methods of the reference defense data and the allowable damage data of the rice varieties in each growth stage of each test group are the same as the setting processes of the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value.

[0035] The rice state analysis results include the values of 1, 0, and -1. When the rice state analysis results of each collection corresponding to a certain test field in a certain growth stage of a certain test group are all 1, it indicates that the rice state of this test field in this growth stage of this test group is in a resistant state. When there is at least one collection corresponding to a certain test field in a certain growth stage of a certain test group and the rice state analysis result is 0, it indicates that the rice state of this test field in this growth stage of this test group is in a slightly damaged state. When there is at least one collection corresponding to a certain test field in a certain growth stage of a certain test group and the rice state analysis result is -1, it indicates that the rice state of this test field in this growth stage of this test group is in a severely damaged state. Analyze the rice states in each test field of each growth stage of each test group in this way.

[0036] A13. When the rice state in a certain test field in a certain growth stage of a certain test group is in a resistant state or a slightly damaged state, no pest and disease control is carried out. When the rice state in a certain test field in a certain growth stage of a certain test group is in a severely damaged state, pest and disease control is carried out. Until the next growth stage is reached, all pests and diseases in this growth stage are cleared. Test each test field of each growth stage of each test group in this way.

[0037] It should be noted that it is only necessary to prompt the tester to carry out pest and disease control to ensure that the rice does not die, ensure that the rice grows to maturity, and collect the corresponding rice quality data.

[0038] A14. When the rice in each test field of each growth stage of each test group is mature, collect the rice quality data in each test field of each growth stage of each test group, and use the rice single-plant image data corresponding to each collection in each test field of each growth stage of each test group and the rice quality data in each test field of each growth stage of each test group as test data.

[0039] It should be noted that the rice quality data includes protein content, vitamin content, carbohydrate content, etc. After the rice in each test field at each growth stage in each test group matures, the rice in each test field at each growth stage in each test group is collected. Then, samples are randomly selected from the rice in each test field at each growth stage in each test group. Then, the test personnel detect the rice quality data in the samples to obtain the rice quality data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group.

[0040] In another specific embodiment, the process of setting the resistance ability table of rice varieties is as follows: Based on the test data, obtain the mode of the defense data and the mode of the damage data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group as the defense data and the damage data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group. Then, calculate the growth resistance ability value of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage.

[0041] It should be noted that the mean values of the defense data and the damage data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group are calculated to obtain the defense data and the damage data at each growth stage in each test group. Then, normalization processing is performed, and the processed values are respectively denoted as DZ xf and SZ xf , and using the analysis formula: The growth resistance ability value ξ1 of the x-th test group against the first type of pest and disease at the f-th growth stage is obtained xf , where ω min , ω max are respectively the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the set growth resistance coefficient.

[0042] Obtain the rice varieties corresponding to each test group, and based on the growth resistance ability values of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage in each test group, obtain the growth resistance ability values of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage.

[0043] Among them, ω min , ω max are the critical values for judging whether the resistance ability of rice growth against pests and diseases is strong. The specific setting process is the same as that of δ min , δ max , and will not be elaborated here.

[0044] The growth resistance ability value includes values of 1, 0, and -1; when the growth resistance ability value is 1, it indicates strong resistance ability during growth; when the growth resistance ability value is 0, it indicates general resistance ability during growth; when the growth resistance ability value is -1, it indicates weak resistance ability during growth.

[0045] Obtain the rice quality data of each test field at each growth stage in each test group from the test data, and calculate the quality influence characteristic values of each rice variety affected by the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage. The quality influence characteristic values include numerical values of 1, 0, and -1. When the quality influence characteristic value is 1, it indicates a low influence on quality; when the quality influence characteristic value is 0, it indicates a relatively high influence on quality; when the quality influence characteristic value is -1, it indicates a very high influence on quality.

[0046] It should be noted that the calculation method of the quality influence characteristic values of each rice variety affected by the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage is the same as that of the growth resistance ability values of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, which will not be elaborated here.

[0047] Utilize the growth resistance ability values and quality influence characteristic values of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage to confirm the resistance ability levels of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage.

[0048] Obtain each type of pest and disease from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting fields, and obtain the resistance ability levels of each rice variety against each type of pest and disease at each growth stage according to the method of obtaining the resistance ability levels of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage. The resistance ability table of the rice variety is composed of the resistance ability levels of each rice variety against each type of pest and disease at each growth stage.

[0049] Preferably, the process of confirming the resistance ability level is as follows: When the growth resistance ability value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance ability level is level 4; when the growth resistance ability value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0, the resistance ability level is level 3; when the growth resistance ability value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is -1, the resistance ability level is level 2.

[0050] When the growth resistance ability value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance ability level is level 3; when the growth resistance ability value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0, the resistance ability level is level 2; when the growth resistance ability value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is -1, the resistance ability level is level 1.

[0051] When the growth resistance ability value is -1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance ability level is level 2; when the growth resistance ability value is -1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0 or -1, the resistance ability level is level 1.

[0052] It should be noted that the greater the resistance ability level, the better the defense effect of the rice against pests and diseases during the growth process, and the better the quality of the rice after maturity.

[0053] The resistance level 4 indicates excellent resistance, the resistance level 3 indicates good resistance, the resistance level 2 indicates average resistance, and the resistance level 1 indicates poor resistance.

[0054] Step 2: Plant selection: Using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance ability table of rice varieties, select the rice variety to be planted in the corresponding planting field and plant it.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the process of selecting the rice variety to be planted in the corresponding planting field is as follows: Obtain the quantity of each pest and disease type from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, divide the quantity of each pest and disease type by the total quantity of each pest and disease type to obtain the prevention coefficient of each pest and disease type, denoted as γ q , where q is the number of each pest and disease type, and q is a positive integer.

[0056] Obtain the rice quality data of each test field at each growth stage in each test group from the test data, and set the importance coefficient of each rice variety at each growth stage, denoted as μ pf , where p represents the number of each rice variety, and p is a positive integer.

[0057] It should be noted that the rice quality data of each test field at each growth stage in each test group are averaged to obtain the rice quality data of each test group at each growth stage, and according to the rice variety corresponding to each test group, the rice quality data of each growth stage in each rice variety are obtained. The rice quality data of each growth stage in each rice variety are divided by the total rice quality data of each growth stage in each rice variety to obtain the importance coefficient of each rice variety at each growth stage.

[0058] Obtain the resistance level of each rice variety to each pest and disease type at each growth stage from the resistance ability table of rice varieties, denoted as

[0059] Using the calculation formula: Obtain the optimal value φ of the p-th rice variety p , where Q represents the quantity of pest and disease types, and F represents the quantity of growth stages.

[0060] Step 3: Growth monitoring: During the growth process of rice in the planting field, collect images of each single rice plant in the planting field and construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field to confirm the pest and disease status in the planting field.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the process of confirming the pest and disease status in the planting field is as follows: Obtain the location, type of each pest and disease in each rice plant and the rice plant morphological data of the location of each pest and disease from the three-dimensional model of each rice plant.

[0062] It should be noted that the rice plant morphological data includes the exposed area, the number of bristles, etc.

[0063] When rice varieties are damaged by pests and diseases, the leaves will show curling or wrinkling. This morphological change may be a self - protection measure taken by rice to reduce the area damaged by pests and diseases. By curling up the relatively vulnerable mesophyll part, the chance of pest feeding and pathogen infection is reduced. In the defensive state of rice varieties, the villi or bristles on the leaves, stems and other parts will increase. For example, when being damaged by small pests, rice may grow more fine hairs on the leaf surface. These fine hairs can hinder the movement and feeding of pests, playing a role in physical defense. Therefore, monitoring the rice plant morphological data can understand whether the defense of rice and the damage of pests and diseases are serious.

[0064] Using the location and type of each pest and disease in each rice plant, count the number of pests and diseases of each pest and disease type in each part of each rice plant and the rice plant morphological data, and calculate the defense effect value corresponding to each part of each rice plant. The defense effect value includes values of 1, 0, and - 1. When the defense effect value is 1, it indicates excellent defense effect; when the defense effect value is 0, it indicates general defense effect; when the defense effect value is - 1, it indicates poor defense effect.

[0065] It should be noted that the mean values of the number of pests and diseases of each pest and disease type in each part of each rice plant and the rice plant morphological data are calculated respectively to obtain the number of pests and diseases in each part of each rice plant and the rice plant morphological data, and then according to the calculation method of the growth resistance value of each rice variety to the first pest and disease type in each growth stage, the defense effect value corresponding to each part of each rice plant is calculated.

[0066] Count the parts of each rice plant with poor defense effect and each pest and disease type at each position as each marked part and each marked pest and disease type of each marked part; then summarize each marked part and each marked pest and disease type of each marked part in each rice plant to obtain the occurrence times of each marked part of the rice plants in the planting field and the occurrence times of each marked pest and disease type in each marked part.

[0067] Using the occurrence times of each marked part of the rice plants in the planting field and the occurrence times of each marked pest and disease type in each marked part, analyze the pest and disease status in the planting field. The pest and disease status includes normal status and abnormal status.

[0068] In the above, the process of analyzing the pest and disease status in the planting field is as follows: count the number of rice plants in the planting field, then set the threshold of the occurrence times of each marked part, obtain the surface area of each part of each rice plant in the planting field, and set the threshold of the number of pests and diseases of each marked part.

[0069] When the occurrence times of at least one marked part of the rice plants are greater than the occurrence times threshold of the corresponding marked part, or when the sum of the occurrence times of each marked pest and disease type in at least one marked part is greater than the pest and disease quantity threshold of the corresponding marked part, it indicates that the pest and disease state in the planting field is in an abnormal state; otherwise, it indicates that the pest and disease state is in a normal state.

[0070] It should be noted that the occurrence times threshold of each marked part is 20% of the number of rice plants in the planting field. Obtain the area of each pest and disease type from the planting records, then calculate the average value to get the pest and disease area. Then calculate the average surface area of each part of each rice plant, and divide the average surface area of each marked part by the pest and disease area to obtain the first quantity of each marked part. Then multiply the first quantity of each marked part by 20%, which is the pest and disease quantity threshold of each marked part.

[0071] Mark each marked part with the occurrence times greater than the occurrence times threshold of the corresponding marked part as each abnormal part, and mark each marked part with the sum of the occurrence times of each marked pest and disease type greater than the pest and disease quantity threshold of the corresponding marked part as each abnormal part. Mark each marked pest and disease type in each abnormal department as each abnormal pest and disease type.

[0072] Step Four: Monitoring Execution: Execute corresponding operations according to the pest and disease state in the planting field.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, the process of "executing corresponding operations according to the pest and disease state in the planting field" is as follows: When the pest and disease state in the planting field is in an abnormal state, obtain each abnormal part and each abnormal pest and disease type, and prompt the planting personnel to deal with each abnormal pest and disease type of each abnormal department. When the pest and disease state in the planting field is in a normal state, prompt the planting personnel that the current rice is growing normally and no pest and disease treatment is required.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a rice pest and disease monitoring system includes: a rice experiment module, which is used to obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, and then process the experimental data to set the resistance ability table of the rice variety.

[0075] A planting selection module, which is used to select the rice variety to be planted in the planting field by using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance ability table of the rice variety, and conduct planting.

[0076] A growth monitoring module, which is used to collect images of each single rice plant in the planting field during the growth process of the rice in the planting field, and construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field to confirm the pest and disease state in the planting field.

[0077] A monitoring execution module, configured to perform corresponding operations according to the pest and disease status in the planting field.

[0078] A database, configured to store the reference defense data and allowable damage data of rice varieties at each growth stage in each test group.

[0079] In the embodiments of the present invention, first, the resistance of different rice varieties to different pests and diseases is tested. Then, the best rice planting variety is selected for the planting land. According to the pest and disease situation in the planting land, a variety with stronger resistance is selected for planting to reduce the damage of pests and diseases during the later growth, and at the same time, reduce the cost of pest and disease monitoring, thereby reducing the cost of rice planting and providing a basis for the subsequent high-yield and high-quality planting of rice. During the rice planting period, the images of each rice plant are monitored, and a three-dimensional model is constructed to obtain the defense effect of each part of each rice plant. Then, the abnormal parts and the types of various pests and diseases in the rice are confirmed, providing a reference for the subsequent pest and disease control, accurately positioning the control location, and improving the pest and disease monitoring and control effects.

[0080] The above content is only an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present technology can make various modifications or supplements or use similar methods to replace the specific embodiments described, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice pest and disease monitoring method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, rice test: obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct pest and disease tests in each test field, collect the test data, and then process the test data to set up the resistance table of rice varieties; Step 2: Planting selection: Use the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of the rice variety to select the rice variety corresponding to the planting field and plant it; Step 3: Growth monitoring: During the growth of rice in the planting field, images of individual rice plants in the planting field are collected, and a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field is constructed to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the planting field; Step 4: Monitoring and execution: Perform corresponding operations according to the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

2. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest and disease test was carried out in each test field, and the specific test process was as follows: A11. Obtain the pest type with the largest number of pests and diseases from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field as the first pest and disease type, then divide each experimental field equally into each experimental group, and divide each experimental field in each experimental group equally according to the number of rice production stages to obtain each experimental field at each growth stage, adjust the soil environment of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group to be consistent, and then plant the corresponding rice varieties in each experimental group, wherein one experimental group corresponds to one rice variety; A12. Use a drone to conduct test monitoring. When the rice in each test field at each growth stage in each test group reaches the corresponding growth stage, release a preset number of pests and diseases of the first pest and disease type, and collect rice single plant image data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group at a preset time interval. Then, use the rice single plant image data collected in each test field at each growth stage in each test group to analyze the rice status in each test field at each growth stage in each test group. A13. When the rice in a test field at a certain growth stage in a test group is in a state of resistance or slight damage, no pest treatment is carried out. When the rice in a test field at a certain growth stage in a test group is in a state of severe damage, pest treatment is carried out until the next growth stage is reached, when all pests and diseases in that growth stage are removed. In this way, each test field at each growth stage in each test group is tested; A14. When the rice in each test field at each growth stage in each test group matures, the rice quality data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group is collected, and the rice single plant image data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group and the rice quality data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group are collected as test data.

3. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The analysis process of the rice status in each test field at each growth stage in each test group is as follows: Using the image data of rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group, a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is constructed, and defense data and damage data are obtained from them, which are recorded as and Wherein, x represents the number of each experimental group, f represents the number of each growth stage, r represents the number of each experimental field, g represents the number of each collection, y represents the number of each rice plant, and x, f, r, g and y are all positive integers; The reference defense data and allowable damage data of rice varieties in each experimental group at each growth stage were obtained from the database and recorded as DZ x ' f and SZ x ' f , using the analytical formula: The rice status analysis results of the rth test field in the fth growth stage of the xth test group in the gth collection are obtained. In the formula, Y represents the number of rice plants, δ min , δ max They are the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the rice state characteristic value respectively; The results of rice status analysis include values ​​of 1, 0 and -1. When the results of rice status analysis of a certain experimental field in a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group are all 1, it indicates that the rice status of the experimental field in the experimental group at this growth stage is in a resistance state. When there is at least one sampling corresponding to a certain experimental field in a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group and the result of rice status analysis is 0, it indicates that the rice status of the experimental field in the experimental group at this growth stage is in a slightly damaged state. When there is at least one sampling corresponding to a certain experimental field in a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group and the result of rice status analysis is -1, it indicates that the rice status of the experimental field in the experimental group at this growth stage is in a severely damaged state. The rice status in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is analyzed in this way.

4. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of setting the resistance capacity table of rice varieties is as follows: Based on the test data, the mode of the defense data and the mode of the damage data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group are obtained as the defense data and the damage data in each test field at each growth stage in each test group, and then the growth resistance value of each rice variety to the first pest and disease type at each growth stage is calculated; The growth resistance value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1; when the growth resistance value is 1, it indicates that the resistance is strong during growth; when the growth resistance value is 0, it indicates that the resistance is average during growth; when the growth resistance value is -1, it indicates that the resistance is weak during growth; The rice quality data of each test field at each growth stage in each test group is obtained from the test data, and the quality impact characteristic value of each rice variety at each growth stage affected by the first pest and disease type is calculated. The quality impact characteristic value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1. When the quality impact characteristic value is 1, it indicates that the quality impact is low, when the quality impact characteristic value is 0, it indicates that the quality impact is high, and when the quality impact characteristic value is -1, it indicates that the quality impact is very high; Using the growth resistance value and quality impact characteristic value of each rice variety at each growth stage to the first pest and disease type, determine the resistance level of each rice variety at each growth stage to the first pest and disease type; Each type of pest and disease is obtained from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field. According to the method of obtaining the resistance level of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, the resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage is obtained. The resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage constitutes a resistance table of rice varieties.

5. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of confirming the resistance level is as follows: When the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality impact characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is 4; when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality impact characteristic value is 0, the resistance level is 3; when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality impact characteristic value is -1, the resistance level is 2; When the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality impact characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is 3; when the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality impact characteristic value is 0, the resistance level is 2; when the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality impact characteristic value is -1, the resistance level is 1; When the growth resistance value is -1 and the quality impact characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is 2. When the growth resistance value is -1 and the quality impact characteristic value is 0 or -1, the resistance level is 1.

6. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of selecting the rice variety to be planted in the planting field is as follows: The number of each type of pests and diseases is obtained from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field. The number of each type of pests and diseases is divided by the total number of each type of pests and diseases to obtain the prevention coefficient of each type of pests and diseases, which is marked as γ q , q is the number of each pest type, and q is a positive integer; Obtain rice quality data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group from the experimental data, and set the important coefficient of each rice variety at each growth stage, denoted as μ pf , where p represents the number of each rice variety, and p is a positive integer; From the rice variety resistance table, the resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage is obtained and recorded as Using the calculation formula: Get the optimal value φ of the pth rice variety p , where Q represents the number of pest types and F represents the number of growth stages.

7. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific process of confirming the pest and disease status in the planting field is as follows: Obtaining the location and type of each pest and disease in each rice plant and the rice plant morphology data of the location of each pest and disease in each rice plant from the three-dimensional model of each rice plant; Using the location and type of each pest and disease in each rice plant, the number of pests and diseases of each pest and disease type in each part of each rice plant and the rice plant morphology data are counted, and the defense effect value corresponding to each part of each rice plant is calculated, where the defense effect value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1. When the defense effect value is 1, it indicates that the defense effect is excellent, when the defense effect value is 0, it indicates that the defense effect is average, and when the defense effect value is -1, it indicates that the defense effect is poor; Counting the types of pests and diseases at the parts with poor defense effects and positions in each rice plant as the marked parts and the marked pest and disease types of each marked part; then summarizing the marked parts and the marked pest and disease types of each marked part in each rice plant to obtain the number of occurrences of each marked part of the rice plant in the planting field and the number of occurrences of each marked pest and disease type in each marked part; The number of occurrences of each marked part of the rice plant in the planting field and the number of occurrences of each marked pest and disease type in each marked part are used to analyze the pest and disease status in the planting field. The pest and disease status includes normal state and abnormal state.

8. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific process of analyzing the pest and disease status in the planting field is as follows: Count the number of rice plants in the planting field, then set the threshold of the number of occurrences of each marked part, obtain the surface area of ​​each part of each rice plant in the planting field, and set the threshold of the number of pests and diseases at each marked part; When the number of occurrences of at least one marked part of the rice plant is greater than the threshold number of occurrences of the corresponding marked part, or the sum of the number of occurrences of each marked pest type in at least one marked part is greater than the threshold number of pests and diseases in the corresponding marked part, it indicates that the pest and disease status in the planting field is abnormal, otherwise it indicates that the pest and disease status is normal; Each marked part whose number of occurrences is greater than the threshold number of occurrences of the corresponding marked part is recorded as an abnormal part, and each marked part whose total number of occurrences of each marked pest and disease type is greater than the threshold number of pests and diseases of the corresponding marked part is recorded as an abnormal part, and each marked pest and disease type in each abnormal department is recorded as an abnormal pest and disease type.

9. A rice pest monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: According to the pest and disease status in the planting field, corresponding operations are performed, and the specific process is as follows: When the pest and disease status in the planting field is in an abnormal state, each abnormal part and each abnormal pest and disease type is obtained, and the planting personnel are prompted to deal with each abnormal pest and disease type in each abnormal department. When the pest and disease status in the planting field is in a normal state, the planting personnel are prompted that the current rice is growing normally and no pest and disease treatment is required.

10. A rice pest and disease monitoring system for executing the rice pest and disease monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The rice test module is used to obtain the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, and then conduct pest and disease tests in each test field, collect the test data, and then process the test data to set the resistance capacity table of rice varieties; The planting selection module is used to select the rice variety corresponding to the planting field and plant it using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of the rice variety; The growth monitoring module is used to collect images of individual rice plants in the planting field during the growth of rice in the planting field, and to construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the planting field; The monitoring execution module is used to perform corresponding operations according to the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

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