A method and system for monitoring rice diseases and pests

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring rice diseases and pests, relating to the field of disease and pest monitoring technology. First, the invention tests the resistance of different rice varieties to different diseases and pests. Then, it selects the optimal rice variety for the planting area, choosing varieties with strong resistance based on the local disease and pest situation to reduce disease and pest damage during later growth stages. This also reduces the cost of disease and pest monitoring, thereby lowering the overall cost of rice cultivation and laying the foundation for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation. During rice cultivation, images of each individual rice plant are monitored, and a three-dimensional model is constructed to obtain the defense effect of each part of each individual plant. Abnormal parts and types of abnormal diseases and pests are then identified, providing a reference for subsequent disease and pest control, accurately locating the treatment site, and improving the effectiveness of disease and pest monitoring and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pest and disease monitoring technology, specifically to a method and system for monitoring rice pests and diseases. Background Technology

[0002] Based on technologies such as virtual reality, digital twins, and the Internet of Things, digital twin 3D models are created using various data, including those from rice and farmland sensors. Relying on the agricultural industry big data resource system, these models provide industry decision-making data for a visualization platform, thereby increasing rice production yield.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as the digital monitoring and early warning method and system for pests and diseases disclosed in application CN118334582A, include the following steps: based on crop health images, a graph convolutional network algorithm is used to construct a graph model with crop leaf regions as nodes and interactions between leaves as edges. Graph embedding technology is used to capture the spatial relationships between nodes, improving the model's ability to recognize pest and disease image features and generating a crop leaf graph model. In this invention, a graph model of crop leaves is constructed using a graph convolutional network algorithm, effectively capturing complex spatial relationships between leaves and improving the recognition of pest and disease image features. Variational autoencoders provide an efficient image latent representation learning method in anomaly detection, significantly improving the recognition rate. Dynamic graph neural networks accurately predict the spread trend of pests and diseases in spatiotemporal distribution prediction. The combination of isolated forest and single-class support vector machine algorithms plays a key role in improving anomaly detection accuracy.

[0004] Existing technologies, such as the agricultural and forestry pest and disease monitoring and management system disclosed in application CN117078456B, relate to the field of pest and disease management technology. This invention involves setting up monitoring devices at various height levels in each sub-region to collect pest and disease information at each height level within each sub-region. Based on the environmental information corresponding to each sub-region, it analyzes the pest and disease hazard assessment coefficients corresponding to each sub-region, selects target sub-regions, analyzes the dosage of each pesticide application type corresponding to each target sub-region, and monitors the pest and disease suppression effect corresponding to each target sub-region after pesticide application. This solves the problem of limitations in the collection of pest and disease information by monitoring devices in the current technology, realizing intelligent and automated monitoring and analysis of pests and diseases. This greatly ensures the integrity of pest and disease information monitoring, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent pest and disease protection, effectively reducing crop losses, and simultaneously increasing crop yield and quality.

[0005] The above-mentioned scheme has at least the following shortcomings: 1. Different rice varieties have different resistance to different types of pests and diseases. Therefore, selecting suitable varieties before rice planting can reduce the impact of pests and diseases in the later stages and reduce the cost of pest and disease monitoring. However, the above-mentioned scheme lacks experiments on the resistance of different rice varieties to different types of pests and diseases. It is impossible to select varieties with strong resistance for planting based on the pest and disease situation in the planting area, thus failing to reduce the damage of pests and diseases during the later growth stage and also failing to reduce the cost of pest and disease monitoring, thereby increasing the cost of rice planting and failing to improve the yield and quality of rice.

[0006] 2. Different parts of rice exhibit different morphologies when resisting pests and diseases. Monitoring the morphology of different parts of rice can help understand its resistance to pests and diseases. However, the above-mentioned scheme mainly monitors pests and diseases, but lacks monitoring of the rice's resistance and defense status. This makes it impossible to accurately grasp the impact of pests and diseases on rice, thus failing to identify the parts of rice severely affected by pests and diseases. It also makes it impossible to accurately locate the treatment sites during later pest and disease control, thereby hindering the improvement of pest and disease monitoring and control effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for monitoring rice diseases and pests.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for monitoring rice diseases and pests, including the following steps: Step 1, rice experiment: obtain the disease and pest data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct disease and pest experiments in each experimental field, collect the experimental data, then process the experimental data, and set up a resistance table for rice varieties.

[0009] Step 2, Planting Selection: Using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of rice varieties, select the rice varieties corresponding to the planting field and plant them.

[0010] Step 3: Growth monitoring: During the rice growth process in the planting field, images of each individual rice plant in the planting field are collected, and a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field is constructed to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

[0011] Step 4: Monitoring and Implementation: Based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field, perform the corresponding operations.

[0012] The second aspect of the present invention provides a rice pest and disease monitoring system, comprising: a rice experimental module for acquiring pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field, then conducting pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collecting experimental data, processing the experimental data, and setting a resistance table for rice varieties.

[0013] The planting selection module is used to select the rice variety to be planted in the planting field by using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of rice varieties.

[0014] The growth monitoring module is used to collect images of individual rice plants in the rice field during the rice growth process, and to construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the field to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the field.

[0015] The monitoring and execution module is used to perform corresponding operations based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a method and system for monitoring rice diseases and pests. First, it tests the resistance of different rice varieties to different diseases and pests. Then, it selects the best rice varieties for the planting area. Based on the disease and pest situation in the planting area, it selects varieties with strong resistance for planting, reducing the damage from diseases and pests during the later growth stage. It also reduces the cost of disease and pest monitoring, thereby reducing the cost of rice planting and providing a foundation for high-yield and high-quality rice planting. During the rice planting period, it monitors images of each rice plant and constructs a three-dimensional model to obtain the defense effect of each part of each rice plant. Then, it identifies abnormal parts of the rice and abnormal types of diseases and pests, providing a reference for subsequent disease and pest control, accurately locating the treatment location, and improving the monitoring and control effect of diseases and pests. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation steps of the method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure connection of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1As shown, a method for monitoring rice diseases and pests includes the following steps: Step 1: Rice experiment: Obtain disease and pest data corresponding to the planting fields, then conduct disease and pest experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, process the experimental data, and set up a resistance table for rice varieties.

[0022] It should be noted that the pest and disease data for each historical monitoring session in the planting field are obtained from the planting records, and then the average value is calculated to obtain the corresponding pest and disease data for the planting field. The pest and disease data includes the quantity of each type of pest and disease.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the pest and disease experiment is conducted in each experimental field. The specific experimental process is as follows: A11. The pest and disease type with the largest number of pests and diseases is obtained from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field as the first pest and disease type. Then, each experimental field is divided into each experimental group, and each experimental field in each experimental group is divided into each experimental field according to the number of rice production stages to obtain each experimental field at each growth stage. The soil environment of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is adjusted to be consistent. Then, the corresponding rice varieties are planted in each experimental group, with one experimental group corresponding to one rice variety.

[0024] It should be noted that soil environmental data from various historical monitoring sessions in the planting fields were obtained from planting records, and then the average value was calculated. The calculation results served as the soil environmental data for each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. Soil environmental data included soil water content and oxygen content, among other things.

[0025] A12. Using drones for experimental monitoring, when rice in each experimental field reaches the corresponding growth stage in each experimental group, a preset number of pests of the first type are released, and image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group are collected at preset time intervals. Then, using the image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group collected each time, the status of rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is analyzed.

[0026] It should be noted that drones equipped with cameras were used to collect image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group.

[0027] Preferably, the analysis process for the rice status in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is as follows: Using the image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage corresponding to each acquisition in each experimental group, a three-dimensional model of each individual rice plant in each experimental field at each growth stage corresponding to each acquisition is constructed, and defense data and damage data are obtained from them, denoted as follows: and Where x represents the number of each experimental group, f represents the number of each growth stage, r represents the number of each experimental field, g represents the number of each collection, and y represents the number of each rice plant. x, f, r, g, and y are all positive integers.

[0028] It should be noted that the defense data includes leaf thickness and the number of root nodules, while the damage data includes the number of damaged areas and the area of ​​each damaged area.

[0029] To resist pests and diseases, rice leaves may thicken, becoming more robust and resilient, making it more difficult for pests to feed. Under the stimulation of certain pests and diseases, nodular or pustular structures may appear on rice plants. For example, after some nematodes infect the rice roots, root nodules form, a defensive response of rice to root nematode infection. Inside the nodules, rice cells produce chemicals to resist further nematode attack and may also restrict the nematode's range of movement. Therefore, collecting data on these defenses can help understand the effectiveness of rice's defenses against pests and diseases.

[0030] Reference defense data and permissible damage data for rice varieties at each growth stage were obtained from the database for each experimental group, and denoted as follows: and Using the analytical formula: The results of the rice state analysis in the r-th experimental field at the f-th growth stage in the x-th experimental group were obtained from the g-th sampling. In the formula, Y represents the number of individual rice plants. , These are the lower limit and upper limit values ​​of the rice state characteristic values, respectively.

[0031] It should be noted that the lower and upper limits of rice state characteristic values ​​are critical values ​​for judging whether the rice is in a normal state. These values ​​are jointly discussed and determined by multiple professionals. When the calculated value is greater than the upper limit, it indicates that the rice is in a resistant state, meaning its own resistance to pests and diseases is sufficient to withstand their attack. When the calculated value is between the lower and upper limits, it indicates that the rice is in a slightly damaged state, meaning its own resistance to pests and diseases is sufficient to withstand most attacks, but the rice has suffered minor damage. When the calculated value is less than the lower limit, it indicates that the rice is in a severely damaged state, meaning its own resistance to pests and diseases is insufficient to withstand most attacks, and the rice has suffered severe damage. For example, the lower and upper limits of rice state characteristic values ​​are 4 and 9, respectively. The calculated values ​​are 5, 4 < 5 < 9, indicating that the rice in the r-th experimental field at the f-th growth stage in the x-th experimental group during the g-th sampling is in a state of slight damage.

[0032] Similarly, the setting methods for reference defense data and allowable damage data for rice varieties at each growth stage in each experimental group are the same as the setting process for the lower limit and upper limit of rice state characteristic values.

[0033] The rice status analysis results include values ​​of 1, 0, and -1. When the rice status analysis result of a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group is 1 for each collection, it indicates that the rice in that experimental field at that growth stage in that experimental group is in a resistant state. When there is at least one collection of rice status analysis result of 0 for a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group, it indicates that the rice in that experimental field at that growth stage in that experimental group is in a slightly damaged state. When there is at least one collection of rice status analysis result of -1 for a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group, it indicates that the rice in that experimental field at that growth stage in that experimental group is in a severely damaged state. This is used to analyze the rice status in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group.

[0034] A13. If the rice in a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group is in a state of resistance or slight damage, no pest or disease treatment will be carried out. If the rice in a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group is in a state of severe damage, pest or disease treatment will be carried out until the next growth stage is reached, at which point all pests and diseases in that growth stage will be eliminated. This method will be used to conduct experiments on each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group.

[0035] It should be noted that the experimenters were instructed to treat pests and diseases to ensure the rice plants did not die, and to ensure that the rice plants grew to maturity and that the corresponding rice quality data were collected.

[0036] A14. After the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group matures, the quality data of rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is collected. The image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group and the quality data of rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group are used as experimental data.

[0037] It should be noted that the rice quality data includes protein content, vitamin content, and carbohydrate content, etc. After the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group matures, rice from each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is collected. Then, samples are randomly selected from the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. The experimental personnel then test the rice quality data in the samples to obtain the rice quality data of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group.

[0038] In another specific embodiment, the process of setting the resistance table of rice varieties is as follows: Based on the experimental data, the mode of defense data and the mode of damage data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group are obtained as the defense data and damage data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. Then, the growth resistance value of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease is calculated at each growth stage.

[0039] It should be noted that the defense and damage data of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group were averaged to obtain the defense and damage data of each growth stage in each experimental group. Then, the data were normalized, and the processed values ​​were denoted as follows: and Using the analytical formula: The growth resistance value of the first type of pest and disease at the f-th growth stage in the x-th experimental group was obtained. In the formula, , These are the lower limit and upper limit values ​​of the growth resistance coefficient, respectively.

[0040] Obtain the rice varieties corresponding to each experimental group, and based on the growth resistance values ​​of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage in each experimental group, obtain the growth resistance values ​​of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage.

[0041] in, , It is a critical value used to assess the rice's resistance to pests and diseases during its growth. The specific setting process is similar to... , The process is the same, so I will not repeat it here.

[0042] The growth resistance value includes values ​​of 1, 0, and -1; a growth resistance value of 1 indicates strong resistance during growth, a growth resistance value of 0 indicates moderate resistance during growth, and a growth resistance value of -1 indicates weak resistance during growth.

[0043] Rice quality data for each experimental group at each growth stage were obtained from the experimental data. The quality impact characteristic value of each rice variety at each growth stage due to the first type of disease and pest was calculated. The quality impact characteristic value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1. A quality impact characteristic value of 1 indicates low quality impact, a quality impact characteristic value of 0 indicates high quality impact, and a quality impact characteristic value of -1 indicates very high quality impact.

[0044] It should be noted that the quality impact characteristics of each rice variety on the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage are calculated in the same way as the growth resistance values ​​of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, and will not be repeated here.

[0045] By using the growth resistance value and quality impact characteristic value of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, the resistance level of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage can be determined.

[0046] The types of pests and diseases are obtained from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting fields. According to the method of obtaining the resistance level of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, the resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage is obtained. The resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage is used to form a resistance table of rice varieties.

[0047] Preferably, the process for determining the resistance level is as follows: when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is level 4; when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0, the resistance level is level 3; when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is -1, the resistance level is level 2.

[0048] When the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is 3; when the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0, the resistance level is 2; when the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is -1, the resistance level is 1.

[0049] When the growth resistance value is -1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is level 2. When the growth resistance value is -1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0 or -1, the resistance level is level 1.

[0050] It should be noted that a higher resistance level indicates that the rice is better protected against pests and diseases during its growth, and that the rice is of better quality after maturity.

[0051] Resistance level 4 indicates excellent resistance, resistance level 3 indicates good resistance, resistance level 2 indicates average resistance, and resistance level 1 indicates poor resistance.

[0052] Step 2, Planting Selection: Using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of rice varieties, select the rice varieties corresponding to the planting field and plant them.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the process of selecting the rice variety corresponding to the planting field is as follows: The quantity of each type of pest and disease is obtained from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field; the quantity of each type of pest and disease is divided by the sum of the quantities of all types of pests and diseases to obtain the prevention coefficient for each type of pest and disease, which is then marked as... q is the code for each type of disease and pest, and q is a positive integer.

[0054] Rice quality data for each experimental group at each growth stage were obtained from the experimental data. Importance coefficients for each rice variety at each growth stage were set, denoted as... , where p represents the number of each rice variety, and p is a positive integer.

[0055] It should be noted that the average value of rice quality data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group was calculated to obtain the rice quality data at each growth stage in each experimental group. Based on the rice varieties corresponding to each experimental group, the rice quality data at each growth stage in each rice variety was obtained. The rice quality data at each growth stage in each rice variety was divided by the sum of the rice quality data at each growth stage in each rice variety to obtain the importance coefficient of each rice variety at each growth stage.

[0056] The resistance levels of each rice variety to various pests and diseases at different growth stages were obtained from the resistance table of rice varieties and denoted as follows: .

[0057] Using the calculation formula: The optimal value of the p-th rice variety is obtained. In the formula, Q represents the number of pest and disease types, and F represents the number of growth stages.

[0058] Step 3: Growth monitoring: During the rice growth process in the planting field, images of each individual rice plant in the planting field are collected, and a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field is constructed to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the process of confirming the status of pests and diseases in the planting field is as follows: obtain the location, type, and morphological data of each pest and disease in each rice plant from the three-dimensional model of each rice plant.

[0060] It should be noted that the rice plant morphology data includes the exposed area and the number of bristles, etc.

[0061] When rice varieties are attacked by pests and diseases, their leaves may curl or wrinkle. This morphological change may be a self-protective measure taken by the rice to reduce the area affected by pests and diseases, curling up the more vulnerable leaf tissue to reduce the chance of pests feeding and pathogen infection. In a defensive state, rice varieties will increase the amount of hairs or bristles on their leaves and stems. For example, when attacked by small pests, rice may grow more fine hairs on the leaf surface. These hairs can hinder the movement and feeding of pests, serving as a physical defense. Therefore, monitoring rice plant morphology data can help understand the extent of the rice's defense and the severity of pest and disease infestation.

[0062] By analyzing the location and type of each pest and disease in each rice plant, we statistically analyzed the number of pests and diseases of each type in each part of each rice plant and the morphological data of the rice plant. We then calculated the defense effect value corresponding to each part of each rice plant. The defense effect value includes values ​​of 1, 0, and -1. A defense effect value of 1 indicates excellent defense effect, a defense effect value of 0 indicates average defense effect, and a defense effect value of -1 indicates poor defense effect.

[0063] It should be noted that the average values ​​of the number of pests and diseases of each type in each part of each rice plant and the rice plant morphology data are calculated separately to obtain the number of pests and diseases of each part of each rice plant and the rice plant morphology data. Then, according to the calculation method of the growth resistance value of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, the defense effect value corresponding to each part of each rice plant is calculated.

[0064] The types of pests and diseases that were least effective in preventing disease on each part of the rice plant and at each location were counted as marked parts and marked pests and diseases on each marked part. Then, the marked parts and marked pests and diseases on each marked part of the rice plant were summarized to obtain the number of times each marked part of the rice plant appeared in the planting field and the number of times each marked pest and disease type appeared in each marked part.

[0065] The status of pests and diseases in the rice field was analyzed by the frequency of occurrence of each marked part of the rice plant and the frequency of occurrence of each marked pest and disease type in each marked part. The status of pests and diseases included normal status and abnormal status.

[0066] The above-mentioned analysis of the status of pests and diseases in the planting field is carried out in the following specific process: count the number of rice plants in the planting field, then set the threshold for the number of occurrences of each marked part, obtain the surface area of ​​each part of each rice plant in the planting field, and set the threshold for the number of pests and diseases at each marked part.

[0067] When the number of occurrences of at least one marked part of the rice plant exceeds the threshold for the number of occurrences of the corresponding marked part, or when the total number of occurrences of each marked pest type in at least one marked part exceeds the threshold for the number of pests in the corresponding marked part, it indicates that the pest and disease status in the planting field is abnormal; otherwise, it indicates that the pest and disease status is normal.

[0068] It should be noted that the threshold for the frequency of each marked location is 20% of the number of rice plants in the planting field. The area of ​​each type of pest and disease is obtained from the planting records, and then the average value is calculated to obtain the area of ​​pest and disease. Then, the average surface area of ​​each part of each rice plant is calculated to obtain the average surface area of ​​each part. The average surface area of ​​each marked location is divided by the area of ​​pest and disease to obtain the first number of each marked location. Then, the first number of each marked location is multiplied by 20% to obtain the threshold for the number of pests and diseases at each marked location.

[0069] Each marked location whose occurrence frequency exceeds the threshold for the corresponding marked location is recorded as an abnormal location. Each marked location whose total occurrence frequency of each marked pest type exceeds the threshold for the number of pests and diseases in the corresponding marked location is recorded as an abnormal location. Each marked pest and disease type in each abnormal location is recorded as an abnormal pest and disease type.

[0070] Step 4: Monitoring and Implementation: Based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field, perform the corresponding operations.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the operation based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field is performed as follows: when the pest and disease status in the planting field is abnormal, the abnormal parts and abnormal pest and disease types are obtained, and the planting personnel are prompted to deal with the abnormal pest and disease types in each abnormal part; when the pest and disease status in the planting field is normal, the planting personnel are prompted that the rice is growing normally and no pest and disease treatment is required.

[0072] Please see Figure 2 As shown, a rice disease and pest monitoring system includes: a rice experiment module, used to acquire disease and pest data corresponding to the planting field, then conduct disease and pest experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, process the experimental data, and set up a resistance table for rice varieties.

[0073] The planting selection module is used to select the rice variety to be planted in the planting field by using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of rice varieties.

[0074] The growth monitoring module is used to collect images of individual rice plants in the rice field during the rice growth process, and to construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the field to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the field.

[0075] The monitoring and execution module is used to perform corresponding operations based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

[0076] The database is used to store reference defense data and permissible damage data for rice varieties at each growth stage in each experimental group.

[0077] This invention first tests the resistance of different rice varieties to various pests and diseases. Then, it selects the optimal rice variety for the planting site. Based on the pest and disease situation in the planting site, varieties with strong resistance are selected for planting to reduce pest and disease damage during later growth stages. This also reduces the cost of pest and disease monitoring, thereby lowering the cost of rice cultivation and laying the foundation for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation. During rice cultivation, images of each individual rice plant are monitored, and a three-dimensional model is constructed to obtain the defense effect of each part of each individual rice plant. Then, abnormal parts of the rice and abnormal types of pests and diseases are identified, providing a reference for subsequent pest and disease control, accurately locating the treatment location, and improving the monitoring and control effect of pests and diseases.

[0078] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring rice diseases and pests, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Rice Experiment: Obtain pest and disease data corresponding to the planting fields, then conduct pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, process the experimental data, and set up a resistance table for rice varieties. The specific process for setting up the resistance table for rice varieties is as follows: Based on the experimental data, the mode of defense data and the mode of damage data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group were obtained as defense data and damage data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. Then, the growth resistance value of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease was calculated at each growth stage. The growth resistance value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1; a growth resistance value of 1 indicates strong resistance during growth, a growth resistance value of 0 indicates moderate resistance during growth, and a growth resistance value of -1 indicates weak resistance during growth. Defense data includes leaf thickness and number of root nodules, while damage data includes the number of damaged areas and the area of ​​each damaged area; The quality data of rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group were obtained from the experimental data. The quality impact characteristic value of each rice variety at each growth stage due to the first type of disease and pest was calculated. The quality impact characteristic value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1. When the quality impact characteristic value is 1, it indicates that the impact on quality is low. When the quality impact characteristic value is 0, it indicates that the impact on quality is high. When the quality impact characteristic value is -1, it indicates that the impact on quality is very high. By using the growth resistance value and quality impact characteristic value of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, the resistance level of each rice variety against the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage was determined. The types of pests and diseases are obtained from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting fields. According to the method of obtaining the resistance level of each rice variety to the first type of pest and disease at each growth stage, the resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage is obtained. The resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage is composed of the resistance level of each rice variety to each type of pest and disease at each growth stage. The process for determining resistance level is as follows: When the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is 4; when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0, the resistance level is 3; when the growth resistance value is 1 and the quality influence characteristic value is -1, the resistance level is 2. When the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is 3; when the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0, the resistance level is 2; when the growth resistance value is 0 and the quality influence characteristic value is -1, the resistance level is 1. When the growth resistance value is -1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 1, the resistance level is level 2. When the growth resistance value is -1 and the quality influence characteristic value is 0 or -1, the resistance level is level 1. Step 2, Planting Selection: Using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of rice varieties, select the rice varieties corresponding to the planting field and plant them. Step 3: Growth monitoring: During the growth of rice in the planting field, images of each individual rice plant are collected, and a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the planting field is constructed to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the planting field. Step 4: Monitoring and Implementation: Based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field, perform the corresponding operations.

2. The method for monitoring rice diseases and pests according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pest and disease trials were conducted in each experimental field, and the specific trial process is as follows: A11. From the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting fields, the pest and disease type with the largest number of pests and diseases is selected as the first pest and disease type. Then, each experimental field is divided equally into each experimental group, and each experimental field in each experimental group is divided equally according to the number of rice production stages to obtain each experimental field at each growth stage. The soil environment of each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is adjusted to be consistent. Then, the corresponding rice varieties are planted in each experimental group, with one experimental group corresponding to one rice variety. A12. Using drones for experimental monitoring, when rice in each experimental field reaches the corresponding growth stage in each experimental group, a preset number of pests of the first type are released, and image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group are collected at preset time intervals. Then, using the image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group collected each time, the status of rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is analyzed. A13. If the rice in a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group is in a state of resistance or slight damage, no pest or disease treatment will be carried out. If the rice in a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group is in a state of severe damage, pest or disease treatment will be carried out until the next growth stage is reached, at which point all pests and diseases in that growth stage will be eliminated. This method will be used to test each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. A14. After the rice in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group matures, collect the rice quality data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group. Use the single rice plant image data and the rice quality data in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group as experimental data.

3. The method for monitoring rice diseases and pests according to claim 2, characterized in that, The analysis process of rice status in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group is as follows: Using image data of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage corresponding to each experimental group during each data collection, three-dimensional models of individual rice plants in each experimental field at each growth stage corresponding to each data collection were constructed. Defense data and damage data were then extracted from these models and denoted as follows: and Where x represents the number of each experimental group, f represents the number of each growth stage, r represents the number of each experimental field, g represents the number of each collection, and y represents the number of each rice plant. x, f, r, g, and y are all positive integers. Reference defense data and permissible damage data for rice varieties at each growth stage were obtained from the database for each experimental group, and denoted as follows: and Using the analytical formula: The analysis results of rice status in the r-th experimental field at the f-th growth stage in the x-th experimental group were obtained from the g-th sampling. In the formula, Y represents the number of individual rice plants. , These are the lower limit and upper limit values ​​of the rice state characteristic values, respectively. The rice status analysis results include values ​​of 1, 0, and -1. When the rice status analysis result of a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group is 1 for each collection, it indicates that the rice in that experimental field at that growth stage in that experimental group is in a resistant state. When there is at least one collection of rice status analysis result of 0 for a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group, it indicates that the rice in that experimental field at that growth stage in that experimental group is in a slightly damaged state. When there is at least one collection of rice status analysis result of -1 for a certain experimental field at a certain growth stage in a certain experimental group, it indicates that the rice in that experimental field at that growth stage in that experimental group is in a severely damaged state. This is used to analyze the rice status in each experimental field at each growth stage in each experimental group.

4. The method for monitoring rice diseases and pests according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific process for selecting the rice variety to be planted in the designated planting field is as follows: Obtain the quantity of each pest / disease type from the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field. Divide the quantity of each pest / disease type by the total quantity of all pest / disease types to obtain the prevention coefficient for each pest / disease type, and mark it as follows. q is the code for each type of disease and pest, and q is a positive integer; Rice quality data for each experimental group at each growth stage were obtained from the experimental data. Importance coefficients for each rice variety at each growth stage were set, denoted as... , where p represents the number of each rice variety, and p is a positive integer; The resistance levels of each rice variety to various pests and diseases at different growth stages were obtained from the resistance table of rice varieties and denoted as follows: ; Using the calculation formula: The optimal value of the p-th rice variety is obtained. In the formula, Q represents the number of pest and disease types, and F represents the number of growth stages.

5. The method for monitoring rice diseases and pests according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific process for confirming the status of pests and diseases in the planting field is as follows: The location, type, and morphological data of each disease and pest in each rice plant were obtained from the three-dimensional model of each rice plant. By utilizing the location and type of each disease and pest in each rice plant, the quantity of each disease and pest type in each part of each rice plant and the morphological data of the rice plant are statistically analyzed. The defense effect value corresponding to each part of each rice plant is calculated. The defense effect value includes values ​​of 1, 0 and -1. When the defense effect value is 1, it indicates that the defense effect is excellent. When the defense effect value is 0, it indicates that the defense effect is average. When the defense effect value is -1, it indicates that the defense effect is poor. The types of pests and diseases that are less effective in preventing disease in each part of the rice plant and at each location are counted as marked parts and marked pests and diseases in each marked part. Then, the marked parts and marked pests and diseases in each marked part of the rice plant are summarized to obtain the number of times each marked part of the rice plant appears in the planting field and the number of times each marked pest and disease type appears in each marked part. The status of pests and diseases in the rice field was analyzed by the frequency of occurrence of each marked part of the rice plant and the frequency of occurrence of each marked pest and disease type in each marked part. The status of pests and diseases included normal status and abnormal status.

6. The method for monitoring rice diseases and pests according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific process for analyzing the status of pests and diseases in the planting field is as follows: The number of rice plants in the planting field was counted, and then a threshold for the frequency of occurrence of each marked part was set. The surface area of ​​each part of each rice plant in the planting field was obtained, and a threshold for the number of pests and diseases at each marked part was set. When the number of occurrences of at least one marked part of the rice plant exceeds the threshold for the number of occurrences of the corresponding marked part, or when the total number of occurrences of each marked pest type in at least one marked part exceeds the threshold for the number of pests in the corresponding marked part, it indicates that the pest and disease status in the planting field is abnormal; otherwise, it indicates that the pest and disease status is normal. Each marked location whose occurrence frequency exceeds the threshold for the corresponding marked location is recorded as an abnormal location. Each marked location whose total occurrence frequency of each marked pest type exceeds the threshold for the number of pests and diseases in the corresponding marked location is recorded as an abnormal location. Each marked pest and disease type in each abnormal location is recorded as an abnormal pest and disease type.

7. The method for monitoring rice diseases and pests according to claim 6, characterized in that, The procedure for performing corresponding operations based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field is as follows: When the pest and disease status in the planting field is abnormal, the system obtains information on the abnormal parts and types of abnormal pests and diseases, prompting growers to address the specific abnormal pests and diseases in each affected area. When the pest and disease status in the planting field is normal, the system indicates that the rice is growing normally and no pest and disease treatment is necessary.

8. A rice pest and disease monitoring system implementing the rice pest and disease monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The rice experiment module is used to acquire pest and disease data corresponding to the planting fields, then conduct pest and disease experiments in each experimental field, collect experimental data, process the experimental data, and set up a resistance table for rice varieties. The planting selection module is used to select the rice varieties to be planted in the planting field by using the pest and disease data corresponding to the planting field and the resistance table of rice varieties; The growth monitoring module is used to collect images of individual rice plants in the rice field during the rice growth process, and to construct a three-dimensional model of each rice plant in the field to confirm the status of pests and diseases in the field. The monitoring and execution module is used to perform corresponding operations based on the status of pests and diseases in the planting field.

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