A parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission element and array antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission element and array antenna, involving an antenna element structure that, from top to bottom, includes: a circularly polarized patch receiver, an upper first dielectric substrate, an upper adhesive layer, an upper second dielectric substrate, a metal ground layer, a lower second dielectric substrate, a lower adhesive layer, a lower first dielectric substrate, and a circularly polarized patch radiator. The upper (lower) circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) is directly connected to the metal ground layer through two metal vias. The antenna array is composed of several transmission array elements arranged at equal intervals in a two-dimensional space. Through rotational phase compensation adjustment, a broadband circularly polarized high-gain transmission beam is achieved in the millimeter-wave band. The array of this invention has advantages such as low element return loss, wide phase variation range, simple structure, wide bandwidth characteristics, and high-gain beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication electronic device technology, specifically to a parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit and array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter-wave communication, with its abundant spectrum resources, large communication capacity, and high data transmission rate, has become an important development direction in fields such as 5G / 6G communication and satellite communication. Currently, the 24 / 28 / 39GHz frequency bands, including the n257 (26.5–29.5GHz), n258 (24.25–27.5GHz), and n260 (37–40GHz) bands, are widely used in 5G millimeter-wave communication systems. To improve the compatibility of communication systems and reduce system costs, communication front-end equipment needs to have wide-band coverage capabilities to meet the needs of multi-band communication. In space scenarios, ultra-long-distance communication requires sufficiently strong radiating beams to ensure the stability of information transmission; therefore, high-resolution, high-gain antennas are key to solving this problem. Simultaneously, the short wavelength characteristics of the millimeter-wave band lead to significant propagation attenuation, limiting the propagation distance of such devices. Therefore, high-gain antenna arrays are used to compensate for link losses. Furthermore, the complex electromagnetic interference and multipath effects in the space environment also place higher demands on the antenna's anti-interference capabilities and stability.

[0003] Transmissive array antennas, as a new generation of high-gain antennas, combine the advantages of both microstrip array antennas and lens antennas, offering features such as low profile, light weight, and ease of fabrication. Furthermore, circularly polarized antennas exhibit stronger anti-interference capabilities in multipath fading and are more suitable for communication applications in complex electromagnetic environments compared to linearly polarized antennas. However, existing circularly polarized transmissive array antennas still have limitations in terms of broadband performance, phase compensation accuracy, and structural complexity. Especially in the millimeter-wave band, achieving both broadband performance and gain efficiency is often difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-gain, broadband, circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmissive array antenna suitable for complex electromagnetic environments to meet the pressing demands for high-performance antennas in future 5G / 6G communications, satellite communications, and space exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission element and array antenna. By utilizing the rotating element phase adjustment method, the discrimination between the main polarized wave and the cross-polarized wave can be effectively improved, which is more conducive to expanding the array axial ratio bandwidth and improving the circular polarization purity. It realizes independent control of the circular polarization phase in the millimeter-wave band, and the resulting array antenna has advantages such as low element return loss, wide phase change range, simple structure, wide bandwidth characteristics, and high gain beam, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit, comprising: a circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator), a dielectric substrate layer, an adhesive layer, a metal via, and a metal ground layer; the millimeter-wave transmission unit comprises, from top to bottom,: a circularly polarized patch receiver, an upper first dielectric substrate layer, an upper adhesive layer, an upper second dielectric substrate layer, a metal ground layer, a lower second dielectric substrate layer, a lower adhesive layer, a lower second dielectric substrate layer, and a circularly polarized patch radiator;

[0006] The transmission unit, from top to bottom, includes: a circularly polarized patch receiver, an upper first dielectric substrate layer, an upper adhesive layer, an upper second dielectric substrate layer, a metal ground layer, a lower second dielectric substrate layer, a lower adhesive layer, a lower second dielectric substrate layer, and a circularly polarized patch radiator.

[0007] Preferably, the circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) is disposed on the top (bottom) side of the upper (lower) first dielectric substrate layer. The circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) is composed of a pair of centrally symmetrical regular hexagonal patches and a curved and rotated extension line, and a gap is left between the two regular hexagonal patches.

[0008] Preferably, the upper (lower) first dielectric substrate layer is located between the upper (lower) circularly polarized patch radiator and the upper (lower) adhesive layer, the upper (lower) second dielectric substrate layer is located between the upper (lower) adhesive layer and the metal ground layer, and the upper (lower) adhesive layer is disposed between the upper (lower) first dielectric substrate layer and the upper (lower) second dielectric substrate layer.

[0009] Preferably, the metal via is located at the center of the circularly polarized patch, penetrating the dielectric substrate layer, the adhesive layer, and connecting to the metal ground layer; the metal via is symmetrically distributed front and back according to the interval between the two regular hexagonal patches of the circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator), and symmetrically distributed vertically according to the metal ground layer;

[0010] Preferably, the metal ground layer is a common ground layer used to receive electromagnetic waves from the outside space and generate induced current on the surface through the circularly polarized patch receiver, which is then guided to the metal ground layer through the metal via. At the same time, the metal ground layer guides the coupled current signal to the circularly polarized patch radiator through the metal via for re-radiation, generating corresponding electromagnetic waves in the outside space, thus completing the process of receiving, converting, conducting and re-radiating spatial electromagnetic signals.

[0011] Preferably, the periodic boundaries of the dielectric substrate layer, adhesive layer, and metal ground layer are all set to 5.5 mm, and the electrical dimension is 0.55λ0 in the operating frequency band, where λ0 is the wavelength of a 30 GHz electromagnetic wave in free space.

[0012] Preferably, the circularly polarized patch receiver and the circularly polarized patch radiator each include a pair of centrally symmetrically arranged regular hexagonal patches, the regular hexagonal patches having curved extension lines; the surface of the regular hexagonal patch has a vector current distribution with different flow directions at different times; at ωt=0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, the superposition direction of the vector current points to the +y axis, +x axis, -y axis and -x axis respectively, and the current flow direction changes clockwise within one cycle, exhibiting circular polarization characteristics.

[0013] Preferably, the patch and metal through-hole in the circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) are combined to form a planar dipole. The planar dipoles are equidistant from the center line and do not contact each other, forming a pair of parallel dipole structures.

[0014] Preferably, the central region of the metal ground layer is etched with multiple I-type slots for electromagnetic coupling; the I-type slots have capacitive reactance to effectively compensate for the inductive reactance of the patch unit.

[0015] An array antenna includes a planar transmission array;

[0016] Preferably, the planar transmission array is composed of q×q transmission elements arranged at equal intervals in a two-dimensional space. The required compensation phase value for each transmission element is calculated based on the geometric arrangement of the array and the feed distance. The formula for calculating the compensation phase value is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] in, For the required compensation phase, k0 is the wave number of the 30GHz electromagnetic wave in free space, m and n are the row and column numbers of the element in the general coordinate system, p is the spacing between periodic elements, and F is the distance between the feed focus and the array surface. It can be any phase.

[0019] Preferably, the feed source is incident from a direction perpendicular to the array surface, with a focal diameter ratio of 1.02 and an actual focal length of 90mm.

[0020] Preferably, the feed source is a circularly polarized circular horn, which radiates left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves illuminate the patch receiver of each transmission unit. The patch receiver receives the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and compensates for different phases through different rotation angles of each transmission unit. The planar transmission array performs high-gain directional re-radiation of the transmitted right-hand circularly polarized plane waves through the patch radiator.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0022] (1) This invention achieves broadband and efficient electromagnetic wave phase modulation function through the rotating phase method, which significantly simplifies the structural design and implementation complexity of the circularly polarized transmission array and improves the overall performance and design efficiency of the array antenna.

[0023] (2) The present invention adopts a novel circularly polarized transmission unit based on a parallel dipole structure, which can generate highly directional circularly polarized radiation beams in a wider frequency band, meeting the requirements of millimeter-wave communication systems for broadband performance and high gain.

[0024] (3) The present invention adopts a multi-layer PCB planar structure design, which has the advantages of simple structure, low processing difficulty and low cost, and is convenient for large-scale production and practical application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission unit stacked structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Top view of each metal layer of the transmission unit and side view of the transmission unit structure provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a planar structure with a transmission phase gradient of 30° for a transmission unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 The transmission coefficient of the transmission unit with a transmission phase gradient of 60° as a function of frequency is provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 The transmission phase variation curve of the transmission unit with a transmission phase gradient of 60° provided in the embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the change in the superposition direction of the vector current of the transmission unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention at ωt = 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission array compensation phase arrangement provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating phase arrangement of the transmission array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 The normalized gain diagram of the transmission array provided in the embodiment of the present invention under circularly polarized horn excitation shows the radiation characteristics of the xoz and yoz surfaces at frequencies of 29 GHz, 30 GHz and 31 GHz, respectively.

[0036] Figure 11 The curves showing the gain and axial ratio of the transmission array under circularly polarized horn excitation provided in the embodiments of the present invention as a function of frequency. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention are combined with Figure 1 The following technical solution is provided: a parallel dipole type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit and array antenna, including a millimeter-wave circularly polarized feed horn 1 and a planar transmission array 2. The millimeter-wave circularly polarized feed horn 1 is placed on one side of the focal plane of the planar transmission array 2. The focal center of the millimeter-wave circularly polarized feed horn 1 and the geometric center of the planar transmission array antenna 2 are on the same vertical line.

[0039] For example, the planar transmission array 2 is composed of 16×16 transmission units arranged at equal intervals in a two-dimensional space. The periodic boundaries of the dielectric substrate layer, adhesive layer, and metal ground layer of the periodic unit are all set to 5.5 mm. The electrical dimension at the operating frequency band is 0.55λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength of a 30 GHz electromagnetic wave in free space. The diameter of the planar transmission array 2 is D, which is set to 88 mm here, and the focal distance from the feed horn 1 is F, which is set to 90 mm here.

[0040] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 2As shown, the millimeter-wave transmission unit includes three metal layers and six dielectric layers, namely, a circularly polarized patch receiver 3 arranged from top to bottom, an upper first dielectric substrate layer 4-1, an upper adhesive layer 5-1, an upper second dielectric substrate layer 6-1, a metal ground layer 7, a lower second dielectric substrate layer 6-2, a lower adhesive layer 5-2, a lower first dielectric substrate layer 4-2, and a circularly polarized patch radiator 8. In this embodiment, the upper first dielectric substrate layer 4-1 is located between the upper circularly polarized patch radiator and the upper adhesive layer 5-1, and the lower first dielectric substrate layer 4-2 is located between the lower circularly polarized patch radiator and the lower adhesive layer 5-2; the upper second dielectric substrate layer 6-1 is located between the upper adhesive layer 5-1 and the metal ground layer 7, and the lower first dielectric substrate layer 6-2 is located between the lower circularly polarized patch radiator and the lower adhesive layer 5-2; the upper second dielectric substrate layer 6-1 is located between the upper adhesive layer 5-1 and the metal ground layer 7, and the lower first dielectric substrate layer 6-2 is located between the lower second dielectric substrate layer 6-2 and the lower second dielectric substrate layer 6-2. The second dielectric substrate layer 6-2 is located between the lower adhesive layer 5-2 and the metal ground layer 7; the upper adhesive layer 5-1 is disposed between the upper first dielectric substrate layer 4-1 and the upper second dielectric substrate layer 6-1; the lower adhesive layer 5-2 is disposed between the lower first dielectric substrate layer 4-2 and the lower second dielectric substrate layer 6-2; the circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) 3(8) is disposed on the top side of the upper first dielectric substrate layer 4-1 and the bottom side of the lower first dielectric substrate layer 4-2. The circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) 3(8) is made of copper, but without loss of generality, this case can also be implemented when a high conductivity material is used; the first dielectric substrate layer 4 and the second dielectric substrate layer 6 are made of Rogers RO3003, and the adhesive layer 5 is made of Rogers RO4450F, but without loss of generality, this case can also be implemented when a material with similar relative permittivity and loss tangent is used.

[0041] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 3 As shown, the circularly polarized receiver (radiator) 3(8) in the top view of the metal layer of the transmission unit includes a pair of centrally symmetrical regular hexagonal patches 9 with curved extension lines 10, and a gap is left between the two regular hexagonal patches 9; the central region of the metal ground layer 7 in the top view of the metal layer is etched with multiple type I slots 11 for electromagnetic coupling. The type I slots have capacitive reactance to effectively compensate for the inductive reactance of the patch unit, and together they form a type H slot.

[0042] The metal ground layer 7 is a common ground layer used to receive electromagnetic waves from the outside space and generate induced current on the surface through the circularly polarized patch receiver 3, and then guide them to the metal ground layer 7 through the metal via 12; at the same time, the metal ground layer 7 guides the current signal generated by coupling to the circularly polarized patch radiator 8 through the metal via 12 for re-radiation, generating corresponding electromagnetic waves in the outside space, completing the process of receiving, converting, conducting and re-radiating spatial electromagnetic signals; wherein, in the side view of the transmission unit structure, the metal via 12 is located in the center of the circularly polarized patch, penetrating the dielectric substrate layer 4 (6), the adhesive layer 5 and connecting to the metal ground layer 7; the metal via 12 is symmetrically distributed front and back according to the interval between the two regular hexagonal patches 9 of the circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) 3 (8); and is symmetrically distributed up and down according to the metal ground layer 7; the regular hexagonal patches 9 in the circularly polarized patch receiver (radiator) 3 (8) and the metal via 12 combine to form a planar dipole, the planar dipole is equidistant from the center line and does not contact each other, forming a pair of parallel dipole structures.

[0043] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 4 As shown, the transmission unit rotates each metal layer and the metal via 12 counterclockwise around the origin according to the rotation unit method. In this embodiment, a set of 12 transmission units are presented. The rotation angle of the nth transmission unit is (n-1)×15°, and the corresponding transmission compensation phase is 2(n-1)×15°. The value of n is between 1 and 12 (n takes a positive integer), the rotation angle is between 0 and 165° (takes a positive multiple of 15°), and the corresponding compensation phase is between 0 and 330° (takes a positive multiple of 30°).

[0044] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 5 As shown, the transmission coefficient of the transmission unit group with a rotation angle change of 30° remains within -2dB in the range of 24.1 to 36.8 GHz, indicating that the transmission coefficient of the transmission unit group with a rotation angle change of 30° can maintain high transmittance in the range of 24.1 to 36.8 GHz.

[0045] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 6 As shown, the transmission phase of the transmission unit group with a rotation angle of 30° exhibits a linear uniform distribution in the range of 24.1–36.8 GHz, indicating that the transmission coefficient of the transmission unit group with a rotation angle of 30° can maintain a linear phase gradient distribution in the range of 24.1–36.8 GHz.

[0046] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 7As shown, within one cycle, the vector current distribution on the surface of the regular hexagonal patch 9 of the transmission unit exhibits different flow directions as time changes. Specifically, at ωt = 0°, the superposition direction of the vector current points towards the +y axis; at ωt = 90°, the superposition direction of the vector current points towards the +x axis; at ωt = 180°, the superposition direction of the vector current points towards the -y axis; and at ωt = 270°, the superposition direction of the vector current points towards the -x axis. Throughout the entire cycle, the current flow direction changes continuously in a clockwise direction, exhibiting circular polarization characteristics.

[0047] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 8 As shown, the transmission array demonstrates the phase compensation distribution of each transmission unit. Specifically, the required compensation phase value for each transmission unit is calculated based on the array's geometric arrangement and feed distance. A circularly polarized circular horn serves as the feed, incident perpendicular to the array surface, with a focal diameter ratio of 1.02 and an actual focal length of approximately 90mm. The array structure is a q×q arrangement, where q equals 16. The circularly polarized circular horn feed radiates left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, which illuminate the patch receiver in each transmission unit. The patch receiver receives the left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and compensates for different phases through different rotation angles of each transmission unit. The transmission array performs high-gain directional re-radiation of the transmitted right-handed circularly polarized plane waves through patch radiators.

[0048] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 9 As shown, the transmission array demonstrates the distribution of rotating units in each transmission unit, and the required rotation angle for each transmission unit is calculated based on the array's compensation phase value.

[0049] When the spherical electromagnetic waves generated by the circularly polarized horn antenna propagate to different positions in the transmission array, they travel different path distances, thus determining the rotation angle of the transmission elements at different positions, and further determining the arrangement of each element in the transmission array antenna; the required compensation phase is determined by the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] in, For the required compensation phase, k0 is the wave number of the 30GHz electromagnetic wave in free space, m and n are the row and column numbers of the element in the general coordinate system, p is the spacing between periodic elements, and F is the distance between the feed focus and the array surface. It can be any phase.

[0052] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 10As shown, the normalized gain diagram of the transmission array under circularly polarized horn excitation is displayed, with radiation characteristics of the xoz and yoz planes at frequencies of 29 GHz, 30 GHz, and 31 GHz. Specifically, at 29 GHz, the maximum gain of the array's transmitted circularly polarized beam reaches 25.94 dBic; in the xoz plane, the sidelobe and cross-polarization discrimination reaches -26.974 dB and -25.808 dB, respectively; in the yoz plane, the sidelobe and cross-polarization discrimination reaches -22.918 dB and -25.054 dB, respectively; at 30 GHz, the maximum gain of the array's transmitted circularly polarized beam is... The maximum gain of the array transmitted circularly polarized beam reaches 26.76 dBic; in the xoz plane, the sidelobe and cross-polarization discrimination reaches -28.767 dB and -26.461 dB, respectively; in the yoz plane, the sidelobe and cross-polarization discrimination reaches -25.638 dB and -24.532 dB, respectively; at a frequency of 31 GHz, the maximum gain of the array transmitted circularly polarized beam reaches 27.38 dBic; in the xoz plane, the sidelobe and cross-polarization discrimination reaches -27.424 dB and -26.393 dB, respectively; in the yoz plane, the sidelobe and cross-polarization discrimination reaches -27.956 dB and -28.580 dB, respectively.

[0053] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the curves of gain and axial ratio of the transmission array under circularly polarized horn excitation as a function of frequency show that the 3-dB gain bandwidth of the generated circularly polarized beam reaches 25.6%, and the axial ratio is less than 2dB within this bandwidth frequency range.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit, characterized in that: The millimeter-wave transmission unit comprises, from top to bottom: a circularly polarized patch receiver, an upper first dielectric substrate layer, an upper adhesive layer, an upper second dielectric substrate layer, a metal ground layer, a lower second dielectric substrate layer, a lower adhesive layer, a lower second dielectric substrate layer, and a circularly polarized patch radiator. The circularly polarized patch receiver is disposed on the top side of the upper first dielectric substrate layer, and the circularly polarized patch radiator is disposed on the bottom side of the lower first dielectric substrate layer. The circularly polarized patch receiver and the circularly polarized patch radiator each include a pair of centrally symmetrical regular hexagonal patches. The regular hexagonal patches have curved extension lines, and there is a gap between the two regular hexagonal patches. A metal via is disposed at the center of the circularly polarized patch, penetrating the dielectric substrate layer, the adhesive layer and connecting to the metal ground layer; the metal via is symmetrically distributed front and back according to the interval between the two regular hexagonal patches of the circularly polarized patch receiver or the circularly polarized patch radiator, and symmetrically distributed vertically according to the metal ground layer; The metal ground layer is a common ground layer used to receive electromagnetic waves from the outside space and generate induced current on the surface through the circularly polarized patch receiver, which is then guided to the metal ground layer through the metal through-hole; at the same time, the metal ground layer guides the coupled current signal to the circularly polarized patch radiator through the metal through-hole for re-radiation, generating corresponding electromagnetic waves in the outside space, thus completing the process of receiving, converting, conducting and re-radiating space electromagnetic signals. The central region of the metal substrate is etched with multiple Type I slots for electromagnetic coupling; the Type I slots have capacitive reactance to effectively compensate for the inductive reactance of the patch unit.

2. The parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periodic boundaries of the dielectric substrate layer, adhesive layer, and metal ground layer are all set to 5.5 mm, resulting in an electrical dimension of 0.55 mm at the operating frequency. ,in This represents the wavelength of a 30GHz electromagnetic wave in free space.

3. The parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hexagonal patch surface has vector current distributions with different flow directions at different times; At 90°, 180°, and 270°, the superposition direction of the vector currents points to... axis, axis, shaft and The axis is axial, and the current flow direction changes clockwise within one cycle, exhibiting circular polarization characteristics.

4. The parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The patches and metal vias in the circularly polarized patch receiver and circularly polarized patch radiator combine to form a planar dipole. The planar dipoles are equidistant from the center line and do not contact each other, forming a pair of parallel dipole structures.

5. An array antenna, characterized in that: Includes a planar transmission array, the planar transmission array being composed of A parallel dipole-type broadband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmission unit as described in any one of claims 1-4 is arranged at equal intervals in a two-dimensional space, and the required compensation phase value of each transmission unit is calculated based on the geometric arrangement position of the array and the feed distance.

6. An array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feed source is incident from a direction perpendicular to the array surface, with a focal diameter ratio of 1.02 and an actual focal length of 90mm.

7. An array antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The feed source is a circularly polarized circular horn, which radiates left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves illuminate the patch receiver of each transmission unit. The patch receiver receives the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and compensates for different phases by different rotation angles of each transmission unit. The planar transmission array performs high-gain directional re-radiation of the transmitted right-hand circularly polarized plane waves through the patch radiator.

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