A power balance module suitable for an ocean observatory network

Abstract

The application discloses a power balance module suitable for a sea bottom observation network, a main power conversion module connected with an underwater power supply on an input side, and a rear-stage connection box connected with an output end, and the power balance module comprises: a sampling unit which collects total current output by the main power conversion module in a constant voltage mode and outputs collected parameters to provide closed-loop control for each power conversion module; a power distribution unit which distributes the total current output by the underwater power supply to the power conversion units and performs fault isolation; a plurality of power conversion units which form series or parallel type hot backup redundancy according to different connections of the power distribution unit, balance power dissipation by cooperating with a current sharing algorithm; each working power conversion unit quantitatively extracts power from the underwater power supply to supply a balance load to dissipate power, when an actual load is connected, real-time reduced converted electric energy, reduced balance load dissipation power, and the underwater power supply output power is maintained in balance; and a balance load which receives electric energy output by the power conversion unit and converts the electric energy into heat energy to dissipate through seawater.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seabed observation network technology, and specifically relates to a power balancing module suitable for seabed observation networks. Background Technology

[0002] The high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power supply network for the submarine observation network consists of a shore-based high-voltage power source, submarine cables, an underwater medium-voltage conversion power source (hereinafter referred to as the underwater power source), and junction boxes. The shore-based high-voltage power source converts mains power into high-voltage direct current (HVDC) of tens of thousands of volts, and the submarine cables transmit this HVDC to the underwater power source hundreds of kilometers away. The underwater power source converts the HVDC into the medium-voltage DC required by the scientific instruments (hereinafter referred to as the actual load). The junction boxes, acting as the load of the underwater power source, distribute the medium-voltage DC to the scientific instruments through various ports. The instruments can communicate with the shore-based control center via optical fibers inside the submarine cables and are controlled by shore-based equipment. Due to the transmission line effect of the submarine cables during long-distance transmission of HVDC, the output power of the underwater power source must remain constant or undergo small power variations; otherwise, it will cause the power supply system to oscillate and collapse.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN111404142A, entitled "A self-matching voltage-stabilized constant current underwater power supply and its power supply method", mentions a constant power type underwater power supply with constant current supply, which uses a power balancing module to maintain the total power balance of the system.

[0004] The design has the following problems: 1. The power balancing module is deeply coupled with the main power conversion part of the underwater power supply, without redundancy backup, posing a risk of single point of failure. 2. The power point of the power balancing module is not adjustable, always operating at full load and maintaining maximum power output, resulting in additional energy waste.

[0005] Therefore, based on the demand for constant power, high reliability, and high power underwater power supplies for seabed observation networks, there is an urgent need for a power balancing module with high redundancy, adjustable power, and suitable for long-distance, high-power underwater power supplies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a power balancing module suitable for seabed observation networks.

[0007] In view of this, the present invention proposes a power balancing module suitable for seabed observation networks. The input side is connected to the main power conversion module of an underwater power supply, and the output end is connected to a subsequent junction box. It includes: a sampling unit, a power distribution unit, and multiple power conversion units deployed on a board, as well as a balancing load.

[0008] The sampling unit is used to collect the total current of the constant voltage output of the main power conversion module of the underwater power supply, and output the collected parameters to each power conversion module for closed-loop control.

[0009] The power distribution unit is used to distribute the total current output by the underwater power supply to each power conversion unit and to isolate a power conversion unit in case of failure.

[0010] The multiple power conversion units are used to form series or parallel hot backup redundancy according to the different connection methods of the power distribution units, and to balance power dissipation with the current sharing algorithm. Each working power conversion unit draws power from the underwater power source in a fixed amount and supplies it to the balancing load for dissipation. When the actual load is connected, the converted power is reduced in real time to reduce the power dissipation of the balancing load and ensure that the output power of the underwater power source is kept balanced.

[0011] The balancing load is used to receive electrical energy output from the power conversion unit, convert it into heat energy, and then dissipate it through seawater.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling unit uses a sampling resistor or a Hall element.

[0013] Preferably, the power distribution unit uses a switch network to implement the distribution function. In series mode, the switch network consists of short-circuit switches and short-connect switches; in parallel mode, the switch network consists of power input switches.

[0014] The short-circuit switch is used to connect each power conversion unit in series.

[0015] The short-circuit switch is used to short-circuit the input port of the power conversion unit;

[0016] The power access switch is used to connect the power conversion unit to the DC bus;

[0017] The short-circuit switch, short-circuit switch, and power access switch are all deployed as any one of relay switches, MOSFET switches, or hybrid relay and MOSFET switches.

[0018] Preferably, multiple power conversion units form a series or parallel hot backup redundancy according to different connection methods of the power distribution units, including:

[0019] When the power distribution units are connected in series, the current through each power distribution unit is consistent, and the input voltage changes according to the load. When a single power conversion unit is short-circuited, it does not operate and does not affect the normal operation of other power conversion units. When an open circuit occurs, the power distribution unit short-circuits its input port.

[0020] When the power distribution units are connected in parallel, the output voltage of each power distribution unit is consistent, and the input current varies according to the load. When a single power conversion unit is open-circuited, it does not operate and does not affect the normal operation of other power conversion units. When a single power conversion unit is short-circuited, it is disconnected by the power distribution unit.

[0021] Preferably, the power dissipation balancing algorithm includes:

[0022] In series mode, the power distribution unit with a lower given current will handle more power, has a lower duty cycle, and a higher input voltage. The current sharing algorithm is: I real =I set -duty×C duty +V in ×C in Among them, I real For the given current actually used in closed-loop calculations, I set The target current value is transmitted via the shore base station, where duty is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit itself, and C is the current value transmitted via the shore base station. duty V is the duty cycle flow coefficient. in C is the input voltage of the power conversion unit itself. in This is the input voltage current sharing coefficient.

[0023] Preferably, in parallel mode, the power distribution unit with a higher given current will handle more power, has a higher duty cycle, and a higher input current. The current sharing algorithm is as follows: Among them, I real For the given current actually used in closed-loop calculations, I set The target current value is given by the shore base station, duty is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit itself, and C duty I is the duty cycle flow coefficient. p I represents the total current dissipated by the power balancing module. in C is the input current of the power conversion unit itself. in This is the input current sharing coefficient.

[0024] Preferably, the power conversion unit includes: an auxiliary power supply circuit, a sampling circuit, a main control circuit, a power conversion circuit, and a communication circuit; wherein,

[0025] The auxiliary power supply circuit is used to provide power to the subsequent control circuit;

[0026] The sampling circuit is used to collect the input and output current, voltage, cabin temperature, and pressure.

[0027] The main control circuit is used to perform autonomous fault judgment and / or, based on the received fault isolation command, to isolate the damaged power conversion unit and perform fault protection by controlling the working state of the power conversion circuit and the specific actions of the power distribution unit.

[0028] The power conversion circuit is used to convert the DC power from the underwater power source and supply it to the balanced load.

[0029] The communication circuit is used to communicate with the control system, reporting its own status in real time and receiving operating instructions from the control system. It communicates with the shore base station via the junction box, reporting its own parameters to the shore base station in real time and receiving fault isolation instructions to notify the main control circuit to isolate the damaged power conversion unit.

[0030] Preferably, the power conversion circuit adopts a full-bridge circuit, a resonant circuit, a multi-level circuit, a Buck circuit, or a Boost circuit.

[0031] Preferably, the startup process of the power balancing module includes:

[0032] When the underwater power supply is powered on, the power balancing module starts auxiliary power.

[0033] The power distribution unit performs a self-test to determine the fault status, and then connects or disconnects the power conversion unit from the main power circuit.

[0034] According to the default settings, the power conversion unit will gradually release to the maximum power point, the power balancing module will work at full load, and the underwater power supply will work at full load.

[0035] The shore-based terminal issues given current parameters based on actual load requirements;

[0036] According to control requirements, the power distribution unit slowly lowers the given power point to maintain low-power operation of the underwater power supply while ensuring actual needs are met.

[0037] The junction box opens the load port according to the scientific task requirements, and the power conversion unit dynamically balances its own power dissipation according to the actual power consumption of the load.

[0038] The shutdown process of the power balancing module includes:

[0039] The junction box controls the load port to close, and the power conversion unit maintains power balance;

[0040] The underwater power supply shuts down, and the power balancing module loses power and shuts down.

[0041] Preferably, the board is deployed inside the power balancing module cylinder. The balancing load can be integrated with the existing cylinder or set up independently as a separate cylinder, depending on the actual power requirements.

[0042] The number of power balancing modules is selected according to reliability requirements.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0044] 1. The power balancing module proposed in this invention, applicable to seabed observation networks, allows for the selection of different numbers and forms of redundant multi-power conversion units based on reliability requirements, and the establishment of power balance among a certain number of units. This eliminates the risk of single-point failures and improves the reliability of the power supply network.

[0045] 2. The power balancing module proposed in this invention, applicable to submarine observation networks, is an adjustable power balancing module that can solve the problem of long-term full-load operation of underwater power supplies. The shore-based base station can adjust the operating power of the power balancing module according to the actual load power, reducing ineffective heat dissipation, lowering the output power of the underwater power supply, reducing heat generation and port voltage, and lowering the voltage to ground of the submarine cable, effectively ensuring the long-term stable operation of the power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the power balancing module structure of the present invention, applicable to seabed observation networks;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the internal unit structure of the power balancing module.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a balanced load;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the serial redundancy mode;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a connection diagram for parallel redundancy mode;

[0051] Figure 6 It is a serial redundancy start-up process;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a parallel redundant startup process. Detailed Implementation

[0053] This invention provides a power balancing module suitable for seabed observation networks to solve the problem of stable constant power operation of underwater power supplies. Internally, as shown... Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a power conversion unit, a power distribution unit, a sampling unit, and a balancing load.

[0054] The power conversion unit, power distribution unit, and sampling unit exist in the form of boards and are deployed inside the corresponding module cylinders. The load balancing unit can be integrated with the existing cylinder or set up independently as a separate cylinder, depending on the actual power requirements.

[0055] The basic working process of this invention is as follows: the sampling unit collects the total input current of the module, the power conversion unit quantitatively extracts power from the underwater power source and dissipates it through the load balancing mechanism. When an actual load is connected, the power conversion unit reduces the converted electrical energy in real time, reduces the power dissipation of the load balancing mechanism, ensures that the total input current remains constant, and ensures that the output power of the underwater power source remains balanced.

[0056] The internal structure of each unit in the power balancing module is as follows: Figure 2 As shown:

[0057] The power conversion unit can quantitatively extract power from the underwater power source and supply it to the balanced load for dissipation. Internally, it consists of an auxiliary power supply circuit, a sampling circuit, a main control circuit, a power conversion circuit, and a communication circuit. The auxiliary power supply circuit provides power to the subsequent control circuits. The sampling circuit collects input and output current and voltage, as well as information such as cabin temperature and pressure. The main control circuit is responsible for controlling the operating status of the power conversion circuit and the specific actions of the power distribution unit. When multiple units are operating redundantly, it can autonomously perform fault diagnosis and fault protection. The power conversion circuit converts the DC power from the underwater power source and supplies it to the balanced load for power dissipation. It can employ, but is not limited to, full-bridge circuits, resonant circuits, multi-level circuits, Buck circuits, and Boost circuits. The communication circuit is responsible for communicating with the control system, reporting its own status in real time, and receiving operating commands from the control system.

[0058] The power distribution unit distributes the DC power output from the underwater power source to the power conversion unit and isolates the power conversion unit in case of failure, controlled by the main control circuit. Internally, it consists of a switch network composed of a power input switch, a short-circuit switch, and a short-circuit switch. The power input switch connects the power conversion unit to the DC bus; the short-circuit switch connects the power conversion units in series; and the short-circuit switch shorts the input ports of the power conversion units.

[0059] Various switches can be flexibly configured according to actual needs. In parallel mode, short-circuit switches and short-circuit switches are not required; in series mode, power input switches are not required.

[0060] The aforementioned types of switches can be deployed as relay switches, MOSFET switches, or hybrid relay and MOSFET switches.

[0061] The sampling unit can collect the total current of the input power balancing module, and its internal components consist of sampling resistors or Hall elements. The collected parameters are supplied to each power conversion module for closed-loop control.

[0062] The balancing load's function is to receive electrical energy output from the power conversion unit, convert it into heat energy, and then dissipate it through seawater, such as... Figure 3The diagram shows the internal structure of the balanced load, which consists of a resistor network and is independent of each other depending on the number of power distribution units. It can be deployed in the same cylinder as the power balancing module, or it can exist as an independent cylinder.

[0063] The multiple power conversion units of this invention can form series or parallel redundant backups depending on the different connection methods of the power distribution units:

[0064] Series-type redundant operation mode such as Figure 4 As shown, the power conversion units are connected in series, and the current I passing through the module... p The input voltage varies according to the load. In this redundancy mode, a short circuit in a single module does not affect the normal operation of other modules, and no action is required. When an open circuit occurs in a single module, the power distribution unit needs to be controlled to short-circuit its input port.

[0065] Parallel redundant operation mode such as Figure 5 As shown, the power conversion units are connected in parallel, with identical input voltages for each module and input current varying according to the load. In this redundancy mode, an open circuit in a single module does not affect the normal operation of other modules, requiring no intervention. However, if a single module experiences a short circuit, the power distribution unit needs to be controlled to disconnect it.

[0066] Multiple power conversion units work together with a current sharing algorithm to balance power dissipation and form hot backup redundancy, which can ensure that the power balancing module continues to work normally even if any half of the power conversion units fail.

[0067] The adjustable operating point of this invention solves the problem of prolonged full-load operation of underwater power supplies. The power balancing module communicates with the shore base station via a communication circuit and a junction box, reporting its own parameters in real time to help the shore-based equipment understand its current operating status. The shore-based equipment can issue a target operating current; when the actual load power is low, reducing the target operating current reduces the overall power of the underwater power supply and lowers the port voltage. When multiple units are connected in series and parallel, a fault isolation command can be issued to manually isolate damaged power conversion units, ensuring the normal operation of the power balancing module.

[0068] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] This invention provides a power balancing module suitable for seabed observation networks, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it consists of a power balancing module board and a balancing load. The power balancing module includes a power conversion unit, a power distribution unit, and a sampling unit.

[0071] The input side of the power balancing module is connected to the output of the underwater power supply's power conversion module, and its output is connected to the input port of the balancing load. The power distribution unit directly outputs the DC power from the underwater power supply to the subsequent junction box. The startup logic of the power balancing module is as follows:

[0072] 1. Underwater power supply output, auxiliary electric start of power balancing module.

[0073] 2. The main control MCU performs a self-test to determine the fault status and controls the power distribution unit to connect or disconnect the power conversion unit from the main power circuit. The main control MCU is the controller of the main control circuit of the power distribution unit.

[0074] 3. With the default settings, the MCU gradually releases the power supply to the maximum power point, and the power balance module and the underwater power supply operate at full load.

[0075] 4. The shore-based equipment issues given current parameters based on actual load requirements.

[0076] 5. The MCU gradually reduces the given power point according to the control requirements, maintaining the underwater power supply at low power while ensuring the actual needs are met.

[0077] 6. The junction box opens the load port according to scientific task requirements, and the power balancing module dynamically balances its own power dissipation based on the actual power consumption of the load.

[0078] The shutdown logic for the power balancing module is as follows:

[0079] 1. The junction box controls the load port to close, and the power balancing module maintains power balance.

[0080] 2. The underwater power supply shuts down, and the power balancing module loses power and shuts down.

[0081] The power balancing module operates at its maximum power point by default, ensuring that the underwater power supply can provide maximum power output and guarantee normal operation of the actual load in the event of communication circuit problems. Once the system is running stably, the shore-based equipment sends given parameters, including the target current, slope of change, and operating mode. The power balancing module then slowly adjusts the power setpoint to the target point according to the given requirements, reducing the voltage at the underwater power supply port to achieve power derating.

[0082] The internal structure of the power balancing module is as follows: Figure 2 As shown:

[0083] The power conversion unit can quantitatively extract power from the underwater power source and supply it to the balanced load for dissipation. Internally, it consists of an auxiliary power supply circuit, a sampling circuit, a main control circuit, a power conversion circuit, and a communication circuit. The auxiliary power supply circuit provides power to the subsequent control circuits. The sampling circuit collects input and output current, voltage, and information such as cabin temperature and pressure. The main control circuit is responsible for controlling the operating status of the power conversion circuit and the specific actions of the power distribution unit. When multiple units are operating redundantly, it can autonomously diagnose faults and provide fault protection. The power conversion circuit converts the DC power from the underwater power source and supplies it to the balanced load for power dissipation. The communication circuit is responsible for communicating with the control system, reporting its own status in real time, and receiving operating commands from the control system.

[0084] The power distribution unit distributes the DC power output from the underwater power source to the power conversion unit and isolates the power conversion unit in case of failure, controlled by the main control circuit. Internally, it consists of a switch network composed of a power input switch, a short-circuit switch, and a short-circuit switch. The power input switch connects the power conversion unit to the DC bus; the short-circuit switch connects the power conversion units in series; and the short-circuit switch shorts the input ports of the power conversion units.

[0085] Various switches can be flexibly configured according to actual needs. In parallel mode, short-circuit switches and short-circuit switches are not required; in series mode, power input switches are not required.

[0086] Various types of switches can be deployed as relay switches, MOSFET switches, or hybrid relay and MOSFET switches.

[0087] The sampling unit can collect the total current of the input power balancing module, and its internal components consist of sampling resistors or Hall elements. The collected parameters are supplied to each power change module for closed-loop control.

[0088] The balancing load's function is to receive electrical energy output from the power conversion unit, convert it into heat energy, and then dissipate it through seawater, such as... Figure 3 It consists of a resistor network, and the power distribution units are independent of each other depending on the number of units. It can be deployed in the same cylinder as the power balancing module, or it can exist as an independent cylinder.

[0089] The basic constant power adjustment strategy is as follows:

[0090] Assume the voltage at the underwater power supply output port is V. o The total output power that needs to be maintained is P o Then the output current of the underwater power supply should be I. o =P o / V o Among them, I o For the actual scientific load current I l The current I consumed by the power balancing modulep sum.

[0091] Current consumed by the power balancing module (Taking a single power conversion unit as an example). Where V p V is the output voltage of the power conversion unit, R is the resistance of the balancing load, and η is the conversion efficiency of the power conversion unit. When the output voltage V of the power conversion unit is increased... p At that time, the current I consumed by the power balancing module p As the power increases, the power conversion unit consumes more energy.

[0092] The power balancing module continuously collects the output current I of the underwater power supply. o When the current I of the scientific load l When the voltage rises, the output voltage V of the power conversion unit decreases. p This reduces the dissipation current I. p To maintain a consistent output current for the underwater power supply.

[0093] To address the issue of insufficient redundancy in the power balancing module and the risk of single-point failure, the modular design of this invention allows multiple power conversion units to be configured in series and parallel redundancy, improving system reliability. A current sharing algorithm is used among the multiple power conversion units to ensure power balance, achieving both hot backup and derating.

[0094] The startup process for series redundancy is as follows Figure 6 As shown: After the module starts, the main control unit opens the given restrictions. If an open circuit occurs in a power conversion unit, the impedance at the open circuit increases and the impedance of other units decreases. Each power conversion unit performs self-fault judgment. The power distribution unit short-circuits the power conversion units that have not reported their normal status to ensure that the series circuit between power conversion units remains normal.

[0095] The parallel redundant startup process is as follows: Figure 7 As shown: After the module starts, the fault count is incremented by 1. When the count limit is not reached, the power conversion unit is connected. If the power conversion unit does not malfunction, the fault count is cleared. If a fault occurs, the fault count remains unchanged. After multiple power-ups and reaching the count limit, the power conversion unit is permanently disconnected and no longer connected to the power circuit.

[0096] To address the issue of output imbalance among power conversion units when multiple power conversion units operate redundantly, this invention employs a current sharing algorithm to proactively change the actual given current of the unit, ensuring power balance among modules.

[0097] In series mode, the power conversion unit with a lower given current will handle more power, has a lower duty cycle, and a higher input voltage. The current sharing algorithm is: I real =I set -duty×Cduty +V in ×C in Among them, I real This is the given current used in the actual closed-loop calculation. I set The target current value is given by the host computer, duty is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit itself, and C is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit. duty V is the duty cycle flow coefficient. in C is the input voltage of the power conversion unit itself. in This is the input voltage current sharing coefficient.

[0098] In parallel mode, the power conversion unit with a higher given current will handle more power, have a higher duty cycle, and a higher input current. The current sharing algorithm is as follows: Among them I real This is the given current used in the actual closed-loop calculation. I set The target current value is given by the host computer, duty is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit itself, and C is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit. duty I is the duty cycle flow coefficient. p I represents the total current dissipated by the power balancing module. in C is the input current of the power conversion unit itself. in This is the input current sharing coefficient.

[0099] It is worth noting that in the embodiments of the above system, the modules included are divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of each functional module are only for easy differentiation and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0100] Innovation points:

[0101] 1. Supports series and parallel redundancy configurations, allowing users to select the redundancy scheme based on actual needs. Each unit within the module operates in hot backup mode, enabling timely response to load changes.

[0102] 2. Variable operating power: The operating power of the power balancing module can be adjusted according to the actual load requirements, reducing underwater power supply heat generation, lowering the underwater power supply port voltage, and improving the service life of the power supply network.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power balancing module for use in an ocean observatory network, the input side of which is connected to a main power conversion module of an underwater power source, and the output side of which is connected to a rear-stage junction box, characterized in that, The power balance module comprises a sampling unit, a power distribution unit and a plurality of power conversion units arranged on a board card, and a balance load, wherein The sampling unit is configured to collect total current output by a main power conversion module of the underwater power supply at constant voltage, and output the collected parameters to each power conversion module for closed-loop control. The power distribution unit is configured to distribute the total current output by the underwater power supply to each power conversion unit and isolate a certain power conversion unit in case of failure. The plurality of power conversion units are configured to form series or parallel type hot backup redundancy according to different connection modes of the power distribution unit, and balance power dissipation by cooperating with a current sharing algorithm; each working power conversion unit quantitatively extracts power from the underwater power supply to supply the balance load for dissipation; when an actual load is connected, the converted power is reduced in real time, the dissipation power of the balance load is reduced, and the output power of the underwater power supply is maintained balanced. The balance load is configured to receive the power output by the power conversion unit, convert the power into heat energy, and dissipate the heat energy through seawater. The power dissipation balancing by cooperating with the current sharing algorithm comprises: The current sharing algorithm in series mode is: real = I set -duty × C duty + V in × C in ; wherein, I real is the actual given current used for closed-loop calculation, I set is the target given current value issued by the shore base station, duty is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit itself, C duty is the duty cycle current sharing coefficient, V in is the input voltage of the power conversion unit itself, C in is the input voltage current sharing coefficient; The current sharing algorithm in parallel mode is: Where, I real is the given current actually used for closed-loop calculation, I set is the target given current value issued by the shore base station, duty is the duty cycle of the power conversion unit itself, C duty is the duty cycle current sharing coefficient, I p is the total current dissipated by the power balance module, I in is the input current of the power conversion unit itself, C in is the input current sharing coefficient.

2. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 1, wherein, The sampling unit adopts a sampling resistor or a Hall element.

3. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 1, wherein, The power distribution unit adopts a switching network to realize the distribution function; in the series mode, the switching network is composed of a short-circuit switch and a short-circuit switch; in the parallel mode, the switching network is composed of a power access switch, wherein The short-circuit switch is configured to connect the power conversion units in series. The short-circuit switch is configured to short the input port of the power conversion unit. The power access switch is configured to connect the power conversion unit to the DC bus. The short-circuit switch, the short-circuit switch and the power access switch are arranged in any one of the forms of a relay switch, a MOSFET switch or a relay and MOSFET hybrid switch.

4. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 3, wherein, The plurality of power conversion units form series or parallel type hot backup redundancy according to different connection modes of the power distribution unit, comprising: When the power conversion units are connected in series, the current passing through each power conversion unit is consistent, the input voltage changes according to the load, when a single power conversion unit is short-circuited, it does not work, and does not affect the normal work of other power conversion units, when it is open-circuited, the input port is short-circuited by the power distribution unit; When the power conversion units are connected in parallel, the output voltages of the power conversion units are consistent, the input current changes according to the load, when a single power conversion unit is open-circuited, it does not work, and does not affect the normal work of other power conversion units, when it is short-circuited, it is cut off by the power distribution unit.

5. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 1, wherein, The power conversion unit comprises an auxiliary power supply circuit, a sampling circuit, a main control circuit, a power conversion circuit and a communication circuit, wherein The auxiliary power supply circuit is configured to provide power for the control circuit in the rear stage; The sampling circuit is configured to collect input and output current and voltage, cabin temperature and pressure; The main control circuit is configured to perform self-fault judgment and / or according to the received fault isolation instruction, control the working state of the power conversion circuit and the specific action of the power distribution unit to isolate the damaged power conversion unit and perform fault protection. The power conversion circuit is used for converting direct current of the underwater power supply and supplying the balanced load; The communication circuit is used for communicating with the control system, reporting the state in real time, receiving the working instruction of the control system, communicating with the shore base station through the adapter box, reporting the parameters in real time to the shore base station, receiving the fault isolation instruction, and informing the main control circuit to isolate the damaged power conversion unit.

6. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 5, wherein, The power conversion circuit adopts a full-bridge circuit, a resonant circuit, a multi-level circuit, a Buck circuit or a Boost circuit.

7. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 1, wherein, The starting process of the power balance module includes: The underwater power supply is powered on and outputs, the power balance module starts auxiliary power; The power distribution unit performs self-checking to determine the fault state, and the power distribution unit connects or disconnects the power conversion unit to the main power loop; According to the default setting, the power conversion unit slowly releases to the maximum power point, the power balance module works at full load, and the underwater power supply works at full load; The shore base end issues a given current parameter according to the actual load demand; According to the control demand, the power distribution unit slowly reduces the given power point, ensures the actual demand, and maintains the underwater power supply at low power; The adapter box opens the load port according to the scientific task demand, and the power conversion unit dynamically balances the dissipated power according to the actual load consumption power; The closing process of the power balance module includes: The adapter box controls the load port to be closed, and the power conversion unit maintains power balance; The underwater power supply is shut down, and the power balance module is powered off and shut down.

8. The power balancing module suitable for use in an ocean observatory network of claim 1, wherein, The board card is arranged inside the power balance module cylinder, the balanced load can be integrated with the existing cylinder or independently arranged in the form of a separate cylinder according to the actual power demand; The power balance module selects different numbers according to the reliability requirement.

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