Power supply system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply system and a control method thereof, the power supply system comprises a battery pack and a host, the host comprises a host MCU, a charging and discharging control module, a plugging detection module and at least one battery interface; when the battery pack is inserted into the battery interface, the plugging detection module detects the plugging state of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the switch of the charging and discharging control module to be turned on so as to supply power to the host or charge the battery pack; when the battery pack is pulled out from the battery interface, the plugging detection module detects the pulling-out state of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the switch of the charging and discharging control module to be turned off, so that the battery is prevented from sparking or components are prevented from being damaged. According to the power supply system and the control method thereof, a hot plug function can be supported, a user can replace the battery pack at any time according to needs under the condition that a host is not turned off, and continuous power supply of equipment is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of detachable portable power supplies, and particularly to a power supply system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of global outdoor sports, the intensification of energy shortage problems, and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, these factors have jointly promoted the growing demand for energy storage mobile power supplies. Technological progress is one of the key factors driving the development of the energy storage mobile power supply market. It is mainly reflected in: the continuous improvement of the energy density of lithium batteries, enabling energy storage mobile power supplies to store more electrical energy under the same volume and weight; the continuous decline in the cost of lithium batteries, making energy storage mobile power supplies more affordable and further expanding market acceptance; the popularization of battery management systems (BMS), enabling energy storage mobile power supplies to monitor battery status in real time and provide multiple protections such as overcharge, over-discharge, over-current, and over-temperature, significantly enhancing the safety and reliability of products; the application of fast charging technologies (such as PD3.1, QC3.0), enabling energy storage mobile power supplies to charge devices in a short time and improving the user experience.

[0003] In addition, with the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, clean and safe energy storage mobile power supplies are gradually replacing traditional small fuel generators and becoming the first choice for outdoor activities and emergency power use. Specific advantages include: energy storage mobile power supplies do not produce harmful gases during use and are environmentally friendly; compared with traditional fuel generators, energy storage mobile power supplies operate with almost no noise and are suitable for use in quiet environments; energy storage mobile power supplies can be combined with renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind energy to further promote the popularization of green energy.

[0004] Currently, most products in the energy storage mobile power supply market use lithium batteries for power supply, and the battery packs of most products are integrated inside the products and cannot be disassembled, resulting in the following problems:

[0005] (1) The battery pack cannot be disassembled and replaced, and users cannot flexibly expand the battery capacity during use, resulting in waste of resources. (2) The battery pack is integrated inside the device, and once the battery is damaged or aged, the repair and replacement costs are relatively high. (3) The battery pack cannot be disassembled, and users cannot check the battery status in a timely manner during charging or use, presenting certain safety hazards.

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides a power supply system and a control method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power supply system and a control method thereof, which can support the hot-swap function, and users can replace the battery pack at any time according to needs without shutting down the host, ensuring continuous power supply of the device.

[0008] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] On the one hand, the present invention provides a power supply system, including:

[0010] A battery pack and a host, the host includes a host MCU, a charge and discharge control module, a plug and unplug detection module, and at least one battery interface;

[0011] When the battery pack is inserted into the battery interface, the plug and unplug detection module detects the insertion state of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to be turned on to supply power to the host or charge the battery pack;

[0012] When the battery pack is unplugged from the battery interface, the plug and unplug detection module detects the unplugging state of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to be turned off to prevent the battery from generating a spark or damaging components.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above solution are: Through the collaborative control of the plug and unplug detection module and the host MCU, the present invention realizes the real-time monitoring and rapid response of the battery pack, supports the hot plug function, and users can replace the battery pack without shutting down the host, improving the convenience and flexibility of use. It is especially suitable for scenarios such as outdoor activities and emergency power supplies, and users can replace the battery pack as needed to ensure the continuous power supply of the device.

[0014] When the battery pack is inserted, the system can immediately identify and turn on the switch of the charge and discharge control module to supply power to the host or charge the battery pack, improving the response speed of the system and the user experience. When the battery pack is unplugged, the host MCU can quickly control the switch of the charge and discharge control module to be turned off to prevent the battery from generating a spark or short circuit during the unplugging process, avoiding damage to the battery pack and components inside the host, effectively improving the safety of the power supply system. Especially in the scenario of frequent plugging and unplugging of the battery pack, it can avoid damage caused by poor contact or instantaneous current impact.

[0015] In addition, the host is provided with at least one battery interface to support the parallel use of multiple battery packs, and users can expand the battery capacity according to their needs to meet the power requirements in different scenarios.

[0016] Further, the battery pack includes: a battery pack MCU, a discharge port, a charging port, and a communication interface;

[0017] The host further includes an ID recognition module;

[0018] When the plug and unplug detection module detects the insertion state of the battery pack in real time:

[0019] The host MCU communicates with the battery pack MCU through the communication interface, obtains the identification ID of the battery pack and performs verification; if the verification is successful, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn on, and the battery pack supplies power to the host through the discharge port or charges the battery pack through the charging port; if the verification fails, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above solution are: Through the communication between the host MCU and the battery pack MCU, the present invention realizes the intelligent management of the battery pack and improves the overall performance of the system. In addition, by obtaining the identification ID of the battery pack through the communication interface and performing verification, it is ensured that only authorized battery packs can supply power to or charge the host, preventing the misuse of battery packs. If the verification fails, the host MCU will turn off the switch of the charge and discharge control module to avoid damage to the system caused by illegal battery packs.

[0021] Furthermore, the identification ID of each battery pack is unique.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above solution are: The identification ID of each battery pack of the present invention is unique, ensuring the traceability and anti-counterfeiting of the battery pack. In addition, through unique ID identification, the use of counterfeit or unqualified battery packs is prevented, further improving the security of the system.

[0023] Furthermore, when the plug and unplug detection module detects the unplugged state of the battery pack in real time:

[0024] The delay time for the host MCU to control the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off is less than the preset delay time.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the above solution are: When the host MCU of the present invention detects the unplugging of the battery pack, it can turn off the switch of the charge and discharge control module within a very short time (the delay time is less than the preset delay time), quickly cut off the circuit, prevent the battery from catching fire or damaging components, avoid potential safety hazards caused by delays, and improve the reliability of the power supply system.

[0026] Furthermore, each battery interface is integrated with an activation circuit for activating the battery pack inserted into the battery interface;

[0027] Furthermore, each battery interface is integrated with a communication circuit for communication between the host MCU and the battery pack MCU.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the above solution are as follows: Each battery interface of the present invention independently integrates an activation circuit and a communication circuit, supports parallel management of multiple battery packs, and improves the scalability of the system. Through the activation circuit, it ensures that the inserted battery pack can be quickly recognized and activated, enhancing the response speed of the system. Through the communication circuit, it realizes efficient communication between the host MCU and the battery pack MCU, ensuring the accuracy and real-time nature of data transmission.

[0029] Further, the charge and discharge control module includes a first MOSFET switch and a charging circuit. The first MOSFET switch is connected to the charging circuit and is used to control the conduction and cut-off of the charging loop.

[0030] Further, the charge and discharge control module includes a second MOSFET switch and a discharge circuit. The second MOSFET switch is connected to the discharge circuit and is used to control the conduction and cut-off of the discharge loop.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the above solution are as follows: The present invention independently sets the charging circuit and the discharge circuit, which is convenient for the maintenance and upgrade of the system. In addition, the fast response ability of the MOSFET switch can effectively prevent abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and short circuit, protecting the battery pack and the host. By using the first MOSFET switch and the second MOSFET switch to control the on-off of the charging loop and the discharge loop respectively, precise control of the charge and discharge process is achieved.

[0032] Further, the charging circuit includes:

[0033] A detection module, which is used to monitor the temperature, voltage and current of the battery pack in real time and cut off the charging loop when the temperature of the battery pack exceeds the safety temperature threshold;

[0034] A constant current charging module, which is used to charge the battery pack with a constant current when the voltage of the battery pack is lower than the preset charging threshold;

[0035] And a constant voltage charging module, which is used to charge the battery pack with a constant voltage when the voltage of the battery pack is close to full charge;

[0036] Further, the discharge circuit includes:

[0037] A discharge control module, which is used to adjust the discharge current according to the load demand;

[0038] An overcurrent protection module, which is used to cut off the discharge loop when overcurrent or short circuit is detected.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the above solution are as follows: Through the constant - current charging module and the constant - voltage charging module, the present invention dynamically adjusts the charging parameters according to the voltage state of the battery pack, ensuring the efficiency and safety of the charging process. The detection module monitors the temperature of the battery pack in real - time and cuts off the charging circuit when the temperature exceeds the safety threshold, preventing potential safety hazards caused by overheating. In addition, the discharge control module adjusts the discharge current according to the load demand to optimize the power output efficiency; the over - current protection module immediately cuts off the discharge circuit when over - current or short - circuit is detected to protect the battery pack and the load.

[0040] On the other hand, the present invention provides a control method for a power supply system, and the control method is implemented based on the above - mentioned power supply system.

[0041] Further, the control method includes:

[0042] Obtain the plug - in state of the battery pack:

[0043] In response to the battery pack being in the inserted state, the host MCU communicates with the battery - pack MCU through the communication interface, obtains the identification ID of the battery pack and performs verification; if the verification is successful, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge - discharge control module to open, and the battery pack supplies power to the host through the discharge port or charges the battery pack through the charging port; if the verification fails, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge - discharge control module to close.

[0044] In response to the battery pack being in the removed state, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge - discharge control module to close to prevent battery arcing or damage to components.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the above solution are as follows: By monitoring the plug - in state of the battery pack in real - time and combining with the rapid control of the switch of the charge - discharge control module, the system can avoid current impact when the battery pack is inserted or removed, preventing component damage or potential safety hazards caused by excessive instantaneous current. It is especially suitable for high - power power supply systems and can effectively avoid safety problems caused by improper operation.

[0046] When the battery pack is removed, the system can immediately close the switch of the charge - discharge control module, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and improving the energy efficiency of the system. It can effectively reduce the standby power consumption when the battery pack is not in use and extend the service life of the battery pack.

[0047] Further, the control method includes:

[0048] Obtain the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack, and adjust the charging parameters according to the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack;

[0049] Further, obtain the voltage, current and temperature of the host, and adjust the discharge parameters according to the voltage, current and temperature of the host.

[0050] The beneficial effects of the above solution are as follows: By obtaining the voltage, current, and temperature data of the battery pack, the present invention dynamically adjusts the charging parameters to ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging process. In addition, by obtaining the voltage, current, and temperature data of the host, the discharge parameters are dynamically adjusted to optimize the power output and meet different load requirements.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention at least include:

[0052] By introducing the collaborative control of the plug - and - unplug detection module and the host MCU, the present invention realizes the real - time monitoring and quick response of the battery pack, supports the hot - plug function, and users can replace the battery pack without shutting down the host, improving the convenience and flexibility of use. It is especially suitable for scenarios such as outdoor activities and emergency power supplies, where users can replace the battery pack as needed to ensure the continuous power supply of the device.

[0053] By real - time monitoring the plug - and - unplug state of the battery pack and combining with the quick control of the switch of the charge - discharge control module, the system can avoid current impact when the battery pack is inserted or removed, preventing component damage or safety hazards caused by excessive instantaneous current. It is especially suitable for high - power power systems and can effectively avoid safety problems caused by improper operation.

[0054] When the battery pack is removed, the system can immediately turn off the switch of the charge - discharge control module to avoid unnecessary energy consumption and improve the energy efficiency of the system. It can effectively reduce the standby power consumption when the battery pack is not in use and extend the service life of the battery pack.

[0055] In addition, the host is provided with at least one battery interface to support the parallel use of multiple battery packs. Users can expand the battery capacity according to their needs to meet the power requirements in different scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 is another schematic structural diagram of a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a control method for a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0059] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals in the figures denote like or similar structures, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted.

[0060] The words expressing positions and directions described in the present invention are all illustrated by taking the accompanying drawings as examples, but can be changed as needed, and all changes made are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] The power supply system of the present invention includes: a battery pack and a host.

[0062] In application, the battery pack includes 4 to 16 series-connected lithium-ion batteries. The input-output voltage range of the battery pack is: 5V to 28V, and the current range is: 0 to 5A.

[0063] In actual application, the power supply system further includes a housing for accommodating the battery pack and the host. Among them, the battery pack is a detachable battery pack; the host is a portable energy storage host. The power supply system of the present invention is small in size and convenient to carry, and can supply power to the energy storage power supply and also charge digital products (such as mobile phones, iPads, etc.).

[0064] Adopting a detachable battery pack requires solving the safety problems of battery pack plugging and unplugging and the potential safety hazards caused by misuse of the battery pack. For this reason, the present invention adopts software and hardware encryption technology to prevent misuse of the detachable battery pack, and solves the safety problems of battery pack plugging and unplugging in the power supply system through real-time insertion and extraction detection technology.

[0065] The battery pack of the present invention includes: a battery pack MCU, a discharge port, a charging port, and a communication interface. Further, the battery pack may also include an enable interface. Even further, the battery pack may also include a Battery Management System (BMS).

[0066] Among them, the communication interface is a USB-C interface; the charging port integrates PD3.1 and QC3.0 fast charging protocols; the discharge port and the charging port support the following charging and discharging specifications:

[0067] 5V / 3A, 9V / 3A, 12V / 3A, 15V / 3A, 20V / 5A, 28V / 5A, and the maximum supports a 140W charging and discharging power.

[0068] In application, the battery pack MCU integrates buck-boost bidirectional power management and uses a 32-bit MCU, such as the high-performance STM32G473xB The bit RISC core has a working frequency of up to 170 MHz. It has built-in high-speed memories, including 512 KB Flash memory and 128 KB SRAM, and integrates an external memory controller (FSMC), which is suitable for devices with at least 100-pin packages. In addition, the battery pack MCU is also equipped with a QuadSPI Flash memory interface, as well as a large number of enhanced I / Os and peripherals, and these I / Os and peripherals are connected to 2 APB buses, 2 AHB buses and a 32-bit multi-AHB bus matrix.

[0069] In actual application, the battery pack MCU is configured with: 5 fast 12-bit ADCs (sampling rate up to 4 Msps), 7 comparators and 6 operational amplifiers, 7 DAC channels (including 3 external channels and 4 internal channels), 1 internal voltage reference buffer, 1 low-power real-time clock (RTC), 2 - 3 general 32-bit timers, 3 16-bit PWM timers dedicated for motor control, 7 general 16-bit timers and 1 16-bit low-power timer. In addition, the battery pack MCU supports a variety of peripherals and communication interfaces: I2C interface, SPI interface, USART interface, FDCAN interface, SAI interface, USB device, UCPD.

[0070] Reference Figure 2 According to the reference, the host of the present invention includes a host MCU, a charge and discharge control module, a plug and unplug detection module, and at least one battery interface. Further, the host also includes an ID recognition module.

[0071] During application, each battery interface of the present invention integrates an activation circuit for activating the battery pack inserted into the battery interface. Further, each battery interface integrates an activation circuit and a communication circuit for communication between the host MCU and the battery pack MCU of the battery pack inserted into the battery interface. Among them, the communication circuit is a UART communication circuit.

[0072] In actual application, each battery pack has a unique identification ID. For example: each battery pack is configured with a DS2432 chip, and a 64-bit ROM registration code is written by factory laser engraving, and integrates a 64-bit key, a 512-bit SHA-1 engine and a 1-Wire interface to ensure the unique identification and absolute traceability of the battery pack. In actual application, when the SHA-1 engine reads the storage page or generates a new key, it can automatically calculate the MAC (Message Authentication Code) without additional loading. The 1-Wire interface only requires one data line and a return ground wire, which simplifies the hardware design.

[0073] In some embodiments, the characteristics of the SHA-1 algorithm include: First, SHA-1 is a one-way hash function, meaning that it is impossible to reverse-engineer the original data from the hash value; Second, regardless of the length of the input data, the SHA-1 algorithm always generates a fixed-length hash value of 160 bits (20 bytes); In addition, SHA-1 has collision resistance, that is, the probability of two different input data generating the same hash value is extremely low.

[0074] Specifically, the working process of the SHA-1 algorithm is as follows:

[0075] 1. Initialization: Use 5 32-bit initial registers (H0 - H4), and their initial values are respectively:

[0076] H0 = 0x67452301

[0077] H1 = 0xEFCDAB89

[0078] H2 = 0x98BADCFE

[0079] H3 = 0x10325476

[0080] H4 = 0xC3D2E1F0

[0081] 2. Block processing: The input data is first divided into blocks of 512 bits (64 bytes). If the data length is not a multiple of 512 bits, a padding operation is performed. The padding method includes adding a "1" bit at the end of the data, then adding a sufficient number of "0" bits, and finally appending a 64-bit binary number representing the length of the original data.

[0082] 3. Expansion: Each 512-bit block is further divided into 16 32-bit words, and 80 32-bit words are generated through the expansion operation.

[0083] 4. Main operations: Through logical operation functions (such as AND, OR, XOR) and circular left shift operations, the values of H0 to H4 are gradually updated. Each round of operation involves non-linear operations, shifts, and addition operations on the values in the registers.

[0084] 5. Final calculation: After all data blocks are processed, the values of H0 to H4 are concatenated to form a 160-bit hash value, that is, the MAC (Message Authentication Code).

[0085] Through the above steps, the SHA-1 algorithm can generate a fixed-length hash value to ensure the integrity and uniqueness of the data.

[0086] The host MCU sends an encrypted communication protocol through the UART communication interface and sends a request to obtain the identification ID of the battery pack. At the same time, the 32-bit MCU of the BMS communicates with the host through the serial interface and sends the identification ID. The host MCU determines whether the battery pack is a standard battery pack based on the obtained identification ID. If the identification is successful, the host MCU can send discharge and charge commands and read battery pack data (such as voltage, current, temperature, state of charge SOC, remaining service life, health status, serial number SN, production date, manufacturer, cell model, etc.).

[0087] After the host MCU recognizes the correct identification ID, it opens the charge and discharge switch of the charge and discharge control module of the corresponding battery pack through the communication protocol, such as a MOSFET switch. After receiving the encrypted communication message, the battery pack MCU performs data verification: if the verification fails, the battery pack does not perform any operation; after the verification is successful, it sends the identification ID to the host MCU. After receiving the identification ID, the host MCU continues to perform verification: if the verification is successful, it opens the charge and discharge switch of the charge and discharge control module of the corresponding battery pack through the communication protocol, such as a MOSFET switch; if the verification fails, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to close, and the battery pack cannot work.

[0088] In some embodiments, the DS2432 chip integrates a 1024-bit EEPROM and a scratchpad. Among them, the 1024-bit EEPROM is used to store data and keys; the scratchpad is used as an auxiliary storage area to buffer data. The data is first written into the scratchpad and then copied to the main memory or register after verification.

[0089] When applied, when reading a storage page or generating a new key, the built-in SHA-1 engine of the DS2432 chip automatically calculates a 160-bit MAC without additional loading. The calculation of the MAC involves the key stored in the DS2432, the memory page data, and the 64-bit ROM registration code of the device.

[0090] In actual application, the host can read the data of the memory page and a MAC by sending a command to verify the validity of the key. Before sending the command, the host needs to write a 3-byte challenge into the scratchpad. The DS2432 chip calculates the MAC based on the key, the memory page data, the registration code, and the challenge. After the host reads the MAC, it performs a CRC check to ensure the reliability of data transmission.

[0091] In addition, the host can also generate a new key without the current key, or calculate a new key based on the current key, the content of the specified memory page, and the data in the scratchpad, and overwrite the current key. The calculation and replacement process of the new key takes 2 ms, and during this period, the 1-Wire bus level needs to be kept no lower than 2.8 V to ensure the stability of communication.

[0092] In some other embodiments, the host MCU sends an encryption protocol through the UART communication interface to obtain the identification ID of the battery pack. The host MCU determines whether the battery pack is a standard battery pack according to the identification ID and controls the charge and discharge operations.

[0093] During application, after the host recognizes the correct identification ID, it turns on the MOSFET switch of the charge and discharge control module through the communication protocol. After receiving the encrypted communication message, the battery pack MCU performs data verification. If the verification is qualified, the battery pack MCU sends the identification ID to the host MCU; if the verification is unqualified, the battery pack does not perform any operation.

[0094] During specific operation, after the host MCU receives the identification ID, it continues to perform verification. If the verification is successful, it turns on the charge and discharge switch to allow the battery pack to work; if the verification fails, the host MCU turns off the charge and discharge switch, and the battery pack will not be able to work.

[0095] The charge and discharge control module of the present invention includes a first MOSFET switch and a charging circuit. The first MOSFET switch is connected to the charging circuit and is used to control the conduction and cut-off of the charging circuit. Further, the charge and discharge control module may further include a second MOSFET switch and a discharging circuit. The second MOSFET switch is connected to the discharging circuit and is used to control the conduction and cut-off of the discharging circuit.

[0096] When the battery pack is inserted into the battery interface, the plug and unplug detection module detects the insertion state of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the MOSFET switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn on to supply power to the host or charge the battery pack.

[0097] During application, when the plug and unplug detection module detects the insertion state of the battery pack in real time, the host MCU communicates with the battery pack MCU through the communication interface to obtain the identification ID of the battery pack and perform verification; if the verification is successful, the host MCU controls the first MOSFET switch or the second MOSFET switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn on, and the battery pack supplies power to the host through the discharge port or charges the battery pack through the charging port; if the verification fails, the host MCU controls the first MOSFET switch and the second MOSFET switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off.

[0098] When the battery pack is unplugged from the battery interface, the plug and unplug detection module detects the unplugging state of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the MOSFET switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off to prevent battery ignition or damage to components.

[0099] During application, the delay time for the host MCU to control the first MOSFET switch and the second MOSFET switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off is less than the preset delay time. Among them, the preset delay time is less than or equal to 20 mS.

[0100] The charging circuit of the present invention includes: a detection module, a constant current charging module, and a constant voltage charging module. The discharging circuit of the present invention includes: a discharging control module and an overcurrent protection module.

[0101] During application, the detection module is used to monitor the temperature, voltage, and current of the battery pack in real time, and cut off the charging circuit when the temperature of the battery pack exceeds the safety temperature threshold; the constant current charging module is used to charge with a constant current when the voltage of the battery pack is lower than the preset charging threshold; the constant voltage charging module is used to charge with a constant voltage when the voltage of the battery pack is close to full charge. The discharging control module is used to adjust the discharging current according to the load demand; the overcurrent protection module is used to cut off the discharging circuit when overcurrent or short circuit is detected.

[0102] During actual application, when the detection module detects safety hazards such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, overcurrent, or short circuit, the battery pack MCU triggers a secondary protection function, for example: cutting off the charging circuit and the discharging circuit to ensure the safe operation of the battery pack. When the detection module detects safety hazards such as explosion or fire in the power supply system, the battery pack MCU triggers secondary protection, for example: referring to Figure 1 , fusing the fuse of the fuse to make the battery permanently ineffective and avoid the battery pack catching fire or exploding.

[0103] In some preferred embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the power supply system of the present invention further includes a battery protection module and a host protection module. Among them, the battery protection module is used to obtain the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack, and adjust the charging parameters according to the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack. The host protection module is used to obtain the voltage, current, and temperature of the host, and adjust the discharging parameters according to the voltage, current, and temperature of the host.

[0104] In addition, the control method of the power supply system of the present invention includes: step S11 - step S21.

[0105] Step S11: Obtain the plug-in and unplug status of the battery pack.

[0106] During application, the battery pack is a detachable battery pack, which can be inserted into the host and can also be pulled out from the host and detached from the host.

[0107] During actual application, when the battery pack is inserted into the battery interface of the host, the plug-in and unplug status of the battery pack is the inserted status; when the battery pack is pulled out from the battery interface of the host, the plug-in and unplug status of the battery pack is the unplugged status.

[0108] Step S21: Control the status of the MOSFET switch according to the plug-in and unplug status of the battery pack.

[0109] During application, step S21 includes step S211 and step S212, referring to Figure 3 .

[0110] Step S211: In response to the battery pack being in the inserted state, the host MCU communicates with the battery pack MCU through the communication interface, obtains the identification ID of the battery pack and performs verification:

[0111] If the verification is successful, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn on, allowing the battery pack to supply power to the host through the discharge port or charge the battery pack through the charging port.

[0112] If the verification fails, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off, and the host cannot work.

[0113] Step S212: In response to the battery pack being in the removed state, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off to prevent battery ignition or component damage.

[0114] In application, the switch of the charge and discharge control module is a MOSFET switch.

[0115] Step S31: Obtain the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack, and adjust the charging parameters according to the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack.

[0116] In application, the voltage, current and temperature data of the battery pack are obtained in real time for evaluating the real-time state of the battery, such as the state of charge SOC and the state of health SOH.

[0117] In actual application, when the battery voltage is lower than the charging threshold (e.g., 3.0V), the constant current charging mode is adopted to charge quickly with the maximum safe current (e.g., 1C, i.e., 1 times the battery capacity).

[0118] When the battery voltage is close to the full charge voltage (e.g., 4.2V), switch to the constant voltage charging mode to prevent overcharging. Specifically, the charging voltage remains constant (e.g., 4.2V), and the charging current gradually decreases until the current drops to the cut-off current (e.g., 0.05C).

[0119] When any battery voltage exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold (e.g., 4.25V), start overcharge protection, cut off the charging circuit to stop charging, and prevent overcharging.

[0120] When the charge and discharge current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold (e.g., 1.5C), start overcurrent protection, reduce the charging current or pause charging to prevent the battery from overheating or being damaged. Specifically, if charging continues, the charging current is reduced to the safe range (e.g., 0.5C).

[0121] In some preferred embodiments, when the temperature changes, the power supply system can dynamically adjust the charging voltage and current for temperature compensation. For example, the charging voltage is appropriately increased in a low-temperature environment and the charging current is reduced in a high-temperature environment. The specific compensation method includes the following formula:

[0122] Vcomp = Vref + kV·(T - Tref)

[0123] Where: Vcomp: the compensated charging voltage; Vref: the standard charging voltage, generally 4.2V; kV: the voltage temperature coefficient (unit: V / ℃), usually negative, for example -0.003V / ℃, indicating that the charging voltage decreases when the temperature increases; T: the real-time battery temperature, Tref: the standard temperature, generally 25℃.

[0124] Icomp = Ireff(T)

[0125]

[0126] Where: Icomp: the compensated charging current; Iref: the standard charging current, generally 1C; f(T): the charging temperature compensation function; Tmin: the lowest temperature allowed for the battery, generally -10℃; Tmax: the highest temperature allowed for the battery, generally 60℃; Tlow: the first charging temperature threshold, generally 5℃; Thigh: the second charging temperature threshold, and Thigh > Tlow, generally 40℃.

[0127] In some other embodiments, when any battery temperature is lower than the low temperature threshold (for example, 0℃), temperature protection is started, the charging current is reduced or charging is paused to prevent the precipitation of lithium ions from causing battery damage. Specifically, if charging continues, the charging current is reduced to a safe range (such as 0.2C).

[0128] In some other embodiments, when any battery temperature is higher than the high temperature threshold (for example, 45℃), temperature protection is started, the charging current is reduced or charging is paused to prevent potential safety hazards caused by overheating of the battery. Specifically, if charging continues, the charging current is reduced to a safe range (such as 0.5C).

[0129] Step S41: Obtain the voltage, current, and temperature of the host, and adjust the discharge parameters according to the voltage, current, and temperature of the host.

[0130] During application, the voltage, current, and temperature data of the host are obtained in real time for evaluating the load demand and operating status of the host.

[0131] During actual application, when the voltage of the host is lower than the undervoltage protection threshold (for example, 3.0V), the undervoltage protection mechanism is started, the discharge current is set to 0, and the discharge circuit is cut off to prevent over-discharge of the battery.

[0132] When the voltage of the host fluctuates greatly, the output voltage is stabilized by adjusting the discharge current.

[0133] If the host current exceeds the overcurrent protection threshold (e.g., 2C), reduce the discharge current or suspend the discharge to prevent the battery from overheating or being damaged. Specifically, if the discharge continues, reduce the discharge current to a safe range (e.g., 1C).

[0134] In some preferred embodiments, when the temperature changes, the power supply system can dynamically adjust the discharge current for discharge temperature compensation. For example, appropriately reduce the discharge current in a low-temperature environment and further reduce the discharge current in a high-temperature environment. The specific compensation method includes the following formula:

[0135] icomp = iref·f(t)

[0136]

[0137] In the formula: icomp: the compensated discharge current; iref: the standard discharge current, generally 1C; f(t): the discharge temperature compensation function; tmin: the lowest temperature allowed for the host, generally -10°C; tmax: the highest temperature allowed for the host, generally 60°C; Tlow: the first discharge temperature threshold, generally 5°C; thigh: the second discharge temperature threshold, and thigh > tlow, generally 40°C.

[0138] In some other embodiments, when the host temperature is lower than the low-temperature threshold (e.g., 0°C), reduce the discharge current or suspend the discharge to prevent the battery performance from deteriorating or being damaged. Specifically, if the discharge continues, reduce the discharge current to a safe range (e.g., 0.5C).

[0139] In some other embodiments, when the host temperature is higher than the high-temperature threshold (e.g., 45°C), reduce the discharge current or suspend the discharge to prevent potential safety hazards caused by the host overheating. Specifically, if the discharge continues, reduce the discharge current to a safe range (e.g., 0.5C).

[0140] In some other embodiments, the discharge current is dynamically adjusted according to the load demand of the host. For example, when the load demand is high, increase the discharge current; when the load demand is low, reduce the discharge current.

[0141] The control method of the present invention realizes the intelligent management and safety protection of the battery pack by introducing plug-and-play state monitoring, an authentication mechanism, and fast control of the MOSFET switch. It not only improves the safety, convenience, and automation level of the system, but also supports the hot-plug function and modular expansion, is applicable to a variety of application scenarios, and has high practicality and market competitiveness. In addition, through dynamic regulation and balanced management, the service life of the battery pack is extended by 20% - 30%; by optimizing the charge and discharge parameters, the energy efficiency of the power supply system is improved by 10% - 15%.

[0142] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the invention, and all such changes should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply system, characterized in that: include: A battery pack and a host, wherein the host includes a host MCU, a charge and discharge control module, a plug and unplug detection module, and at least one battery interface; When the battery pack is inserted into the battery interface, the plug-in detection module detects the insertion status of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the switch of the charge-discharge control module to turn on to power the host or charge the battery pack; When the battery pack is unplugged from the battery interface, the plug-in detection module detects the unplugging status of the battery pack in real time, and the host MCU controls the switch of the charge-discharge control module to turn off to prevent the battery from catching fire or damaging components.

2. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack includes: a battery pack MCU, a discharge port, a charging port and a communication interface; The host also includes an ID identification module; When the plug-in detection module detects the insertion status of the battery pack in real time: The host MCU communicates with the battery pack MCU through the communication interface to obtain the identity identification ID of the battery pack and perform verification; if the verification is successful, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn on, and the battery pack supplies power to the host through the discharge port or charges the battery pack through the charging port; if the verification fails, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off.

3. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The identification ID of each battery pack is unique.

4. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the plug-in detection module detects in real time that the battery pack is unplugged: The host MCU controls the delay time of closing the switch of the charge and discharge control module to be less than the preset delay time.

5. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the battery interfaces is integrated with an activation circuit for activating the battery pack inserted into the battery interface; And / or, each of the battery interfaces is integrated with a communication circuit for communication between the host MCU and the battery pack MCU.

6. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging and discharging control module includes a first MOSFET switch and a charging circuit, wherein the first MOSFET switch is connected to the charging circuit and is used to control the conduction and disconnection of the charging circuit; And / or, the charge and discharge control module includes a second MOSFET switch and a discharge circuit, and the second MOSFET switch is connected to the discharge circuit to control the conduction and disconnection of the discharge circuit.

7. The power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The charging circuit comprises: A detection module, which is used to monitor the battery pack temperature, voltage and current in real time and cut off the charging circuit when the battery pack temperature exceeds a safe temperature threshold; A constant current charging module, which is used to charge the battery pack at a constant current when the battery pack voltage is lower than a preset charging threshold; and a constant voltage charging module, the constant voltage charging module being used to charge the battery pack at a constant voltage when the voltage is close to full charge; And / or, the discharge circuit comprises: A discharge control module, wherein the discharge control module is used to adjust the discharge current according to load demand; An overcurrent protection module is used to cut off the discharge circuit when overcurrent or short circuit is detected.

8. A control method for a power supply system, characterized in that: The control method is implemented based on the power supply system described in any one of claims 1-9.

9. The control method of the power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control method comprises: Get the plug-in status of the battery pack: In response to the battery pack being in the inserted state, the host MCU communicates with the battery pack MCU through the communication interface, obtains the identity identification ID of the battery pack and performs verification; if the verification is successful, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn on, and the battery pack supplies power to the host through the discharge port or charges the battery pack through the charging port; if the verification fails, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to turn off; In response to the battery pack being unplugged, the host MCU controls the switch of the charge and discharge control module to be turned off to prevent the battery from catching fire or damaging components.

10. The control method of the power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control method comprises: Acquiring the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack, and adjusting charging parameters according to the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack; And / or, obtaining the voltage, current and temperature of the host, and adjusting the discharge parameters according to the voltage, current and temperature of the host.

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