Soil crushing and tilling machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a soil crushing and plowing machine. Comprising a plow frame, a fixing device, a plow pole and a depth limiting wheel, the plow frame is connected with a traction mechanism through the fixing device, power is provided for the plow frame through the traction mechanism, the plow pole is located at the end of the plow frame, a self-protection mechanism is fixedly arranged between the plow pole and the plow frame, and the bottom of the plow pole is fixedly connected with a plow share used for turning upturned soil in two directions. Expansion mechanisms are rotationally arranged on the two sides of the plough share respectively. When the plough share is in an overload state, the breaking bolt is broken firstly due to torsional force from the plough column borne by the breaking bolt and the protective bolt, the plough column rotates clockwise along the protective bolt and is separated from the soil due to the fact that the broken breaking bolt cannot maintain the stability of the plough column again after being broken, and therefore the plough frame is protected; the plow column is prevented from being separated from the plow frame under the limitation of the protective bolt, so that peasants can maintain the broken bolt in time when finding that the broken bolt is broken, and time is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and specifically, to a soil-breaking tillage and land preparation machine. Background Art

[0002] A plough is an agricultural machine powered by a tractor for ploughing farmland. It includes a plough frame composed of a cross beam, a longitudinal beam, and an inclined beam. A suspension bracket is provided on the cross beam, 3 to 4 plough bodies are provided on the inclined beam, and a depth-limiting wheel is provided on the longitudinal beam. The plough body includes a plough column and a ploughshare.

[0003] Currently, Chinese Patent Publication No.: CN220915679U discloses a small plough, which includes a plough frame composed of a cross beam, a longitudinal beam, and an inclined beam. A suspension bracket is connected to the cross beam, multiple plough bodies are connected to the inclined beam, and a depth-limiting wheel is connected to the longitudinal beam. The plough body includes a plough column seat, a plough column, and a ploughshare. The plough column seat includes an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate. Two clamping column arm plates are connected to the outer sides of the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate. The lower parts of the two clamping column arm plates are clamped and connected to the plough column through two bolts. The ploughshare includes a plough shovel seat and a plough shovel. The plough shovel seat includes an arc-shaped bottom plate. The plough shovel includes a lower edge shovel plate, a front edge shovel plate, and a soil-turning plate fixedly connected to the arc-shaped bottom plate through bolts.

[0004] Since the resistance received by the ploughshares cutting into the soil at different depths is different, that is, the deeper the ploughshare cuts into the soil, the greater the resistance it receives. Moreover, most of the existing ploughshares are fixed and cannot be adjusted. Then, when the resistance borne by the ploughshare is in an overload state, if the strength of the bolts connecting the plough frame is large, the plough frame needs to bear the acting force from the bolts, resulting in the plough frame being prone to deformation and damage and unable to obtain effective overload protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a soil-breaking tillage and land preparation machine. The breaking bolt breaks first. Since the broken breaking bolt cannot maintain the stability of the plough column again, the plough column rotates clockwise along the protection bolt and disengages from the soil, thereby protecting the plough frame and solving the problems raised in the above background art, that is:

[0006] The soil-breaking tillage and land preparation machine includes a plough frame, a fixing device, a plough column, and a depth-limiting wheel. Among them, the fixing device connects the plough frame with a traction mechanism, and the traction mechanism provides power for the plough frame. The plough column is located at the end of the plough frame, and a self-protection mechanism is fixedly arranged between the plough column and the plough frame. A ploughshare for double-sided soil turning is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plough column. Expansion mechanisms are respectively rotatably arranged on both sides of the ploughshare. A ridging angle is formed between the expansion mechanism and the ploughshare. The angle of the ridging angle is adjusted by external power, so that the soil turned outwards buries the surface weeds deep into the lower layer of soil. The self-protection mechanism is used to protect the plough frame by breaking when the ploughshare and the expansion mechanism are overloaded;

[0007] The self - protection mechanism includes a fracture bolt and a protection bolt. The strength of the protection bolt is greater than that of the fracture bolt. The protection bolt and the fracture bolt penetrate through the plow frame and the plow column.

[0008] In the above - mentioned technical solution, mainly when the plowshare is in an over - load state, the torsional force from the plow column acting on the fracture bolt and the protection bolt causes the fracture bolt to break first. Since the broken fracture bolt can no longer maintain the stability of the plow column, under the frictional action of the soil, the plow column rotates clockwise along the protection bolt, thereby protecting the plow frame.

[0009] Secondly, the expansion mechanism includes a front plow wall rotatably arranged at the end of the plowshare through a pin. When the front plow wall coincides with the end of the plowshare, the plowshare and the front plow wall are coplanar, and the front plow wall is used to cooperate with the plowshare to increase the contact area with the soil.

[0010] In addition, in order to adjust the inclination angle of the front plow wall, a U - shaped part is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the front plow wall. A support plate for controlling the expansion angle of the front plow wall is rotatably arranged on the U - shaped part, and the support plate is connected to a limit post fixedly arranged on the plow column.

[0011] In the above - mentioned technical solution, mainly before plowing, according to the soil properties of the land to be plowed, by adjusting the position of the limit post inserted into the limit hole on the support plate, the outward inclination angle of the front plow wall is controlled to match the soil properties and avoid too large an inclination angle of the front plow wall.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0013] 1. When the plowshare is in an over - load state, the torsional force from the plow column acting on the fracture bolt and the protection bolt causes the fracture bolt to break first. Since the broken fracture bolt can no longer maintain the stability of the plow column, the plow column rotates clockwise along the protection bolt and disengages from the soil, thereby protecting the plow frame. At the same time, the plow column is restricted by the protection bolt to prevent the plow column from detaching from the plow frame, so that farmers can repair the broken fracture bolt in time when they find it, saving time.

[0014] 2. When the front plow wall coincides with the end of the plowshare, the plowshare and the front plow wall are coplanar. The front plow wall is used to cooperate with the plowshare to increase the contact area with the soil and improve the area of soil turning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a front view of the connection structure between the plow frame and the plow column of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a top view of the structures of the plowshare, the front plow wall and the rear plow wall of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is the left view of the connection structure between the front share and the support plate of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is the front view of the rotation structure of the plow column of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 This is the three-dimensional view of the connection structure between the front share and the support plate of the present invention.

[0021] The meanings of each label in the figure are as follows:

[0022] 100, plow frame; 101, fixing device; 102, plow column; 103, depth-limiting wheel; 104, fixing hole; 105, limiting column;

[0023] 110, plowshare; 111, weed-turning board; 112, mud-guiding board;

[0024] 120, self-protection mechanism; 121, fracture bolt; 122, protection bolt;

[0025] 130, expansion mechanism; 131, front share; 132, rear share; 133, notch; 134, U-shaped part; 135, support plate; 136, limiting hole; 137, expansion angle. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Since the resistance received by the plowshare cutting into the soil at different depths is different, that is, the deeper the plowshare cuts into the soil, the greater the resistance it receives, and moreover, the existing plowshares are mostly fixed and cannot be adjusted. Then, when the resistance borne by the plowshare is in an overloaded state, if the strength of the bolt connecting the plow frame is large, the plow frame needs to bear the acting force from the bolt, resulting in the plow frame being easily deformed and damaged, and no effective overload protection can be obtained. The present invention provides a soil-breaking tillage machinery, see Figure 1 - Figure 3As shown in the figure, it includes a plow frame 100, a fixing device 101, a plow column 102 and a depth-limiting wheel 103. Among them, the fixing device 101 connects the plow frame 100 with the traction mechanism, and the traction mechanism provides power for the plow frame 100. The plow column 102 is located at the end of the plow frame 100, and a self-protection mechanism 120 is fixedly arranged between the plow column 102 and the plow frame 100. And a plowshare 110 for double-sided soil turning is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plow column 102. Expansion mechanisms 130 are respectively rotatably arranged on both sides of the plowshare 110. The self-protection mechanism 120 is used to protect the plow frame 100 in a breaking manner when the plowshare 110 and the expansion mechanisms 130 are overloaded.

[0028] The self-protection mechanism 120 includes a breaking bolt 121 and a protection bolt 122. The protection bolt 122 and the breaking bolt 121 penetrate through the plow frame 100 and the plow column 102. The penetration positions of the protection bolt 122 and the breaking bolt 121 respectively correspond to the fixing holes 104 on the plow column 102. The fixing holes 104 are longitudinally spaced on the plow column 102. By adjusting the breaking bolt 121 and the protection bolt 122 to insert into different fixing holes 104 before plowing, the adjustment of the cutting depth of the plowshare 110 into the soil is realized. Secondly, when turning the soil, the plow tip at the end of the plow column 102 extends into the soil as the traction mechanism moves. Farmers can determine the penetration depth of the plowshare 110 according to the texture, humidity of the soil and the needs of crop planting, and then adjust the positions of the breaking bolt 121 and the protection bolt 122, so as to realize the precise control of the plowing depth to meet different tillage requirements.

[0029] Since the resistance received by the plowshare 110 cutting into the soil at different depths is different, that is, the deeper the plowshare 110 cuts into the soil, the greater the resistance it receives. Then, when the resistance borne by the plowshare 110 is in an overloaded state, the resistance received by the two bolts connecting the plow column 102 and the plowshare 110 increases. If the strength of the breaking bolt 121 and the protection bolt 122 is high, the plow frame 100 needs to bear the acting forces from the breaking bolt 121 and the protection bolt 122, resulting in the plow frame 100 being easily deformed and damaged and unable to obtain effective overload protection.

[0030] Therefore, the strength of the protection bolt 122 is set to be greater than that of the breaking bolt 121. Both the protection bolt 122 and the breaking bolt 121 are made of steel. When the plowshare 110 is in an overloaded state, the torsional forces received by the breaking bolt 121 and the protection bolt 122 from the plow column 102 are F1 and F2 respectively (refer to Figure 2 shown in the figure). The breaking bolt 121 breaks first. Since the broken breaking bolt 121 cannot maintain the stability of the plow column 102 again, under the friction of the soil, the plow column 102 rotates clockwise along the protection bolt 122 (refer to Figure 4As shown, it plays a protective role for the plow frame 100. At the same time, under the restriction of the protective bolt 122, the plow column 102 is prevented from detaching from the plow frame 100, so that when farmers find that the broken bolt 121 is broken, they can repair it in time, saving time.

[0031] In addition, to prevent the weeds on the soil from being wound around the plow column 102 during turning, a "V"-shaped weed-turning plate 111 close to the end of the plow frame 100 is fixedly arranged at the top of the plowshare 110 to protect the plow column 102. During the progress of the plow column 102, the weed-turning plate 111 can, to a certain extent, prevent large bricks or stones in the soil from directly hitting the plowshare 110, thus protecting the machine from damage. Secondly, there will still be vegetation such as weeds on the surface layer of the turned soil. Through the setting of the weed-turning plate 111, the weed-turning plate 111 is used to separate the weeds from the plow column 102, intercept the weeds, reduce the resistance brought by the entanglement of the weeds, and facilitate later cleaning. Moreover, through the guidance of the weed-turning plate 111, the turned soil is moved to both sides, making the soil more uniform and loose, providing a better environment for the growth of crops.

[0032] Furthermore, a ridging angle is formed between the expansion mechanism 130 and the plowshare 110. The angle of the ridging angle is adjusted by using an external power source (the external power source can be operated manually), so that the turned-out soil buries the surface weeds deep into the lower layer of the soil. First, the specific structure of the expansion mechanism 130 is shown below. The expansion mechanism 130 includes a front plow wall 131 rotatably arranged at the end of the plowshare 110 through a pin. When the front plow wall 131 coincides with the end of the plowshare 110, the plowshare 110 and the front plow wall 131 are coplanar. The front plow wall 131 is used to cooperate with the plowshare 110 to increase the contact area with the soil and improve the range of soil turning. The reason is that: on the Figure 3 basis and in combination with Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, a U-shaped member 134 is fixedly arranged inside the front plow wall 131. A support plate 135 for controlling the expansion angle of the front plow wall 131 is rotatably arranged on the U-shaped member 134. The support plate 135 and the limit post 105 fixedly arranged on the plow column 102;

[0033] Secondly, a limit post 105 is fixedly arranged on the plow column 102. The support plate 135 has a number of limit holes 136 arranged at intervals. The limit holes 136 are sleeved on the limit post 105 and the limit post 105 provides support for the support plate 135. The limit post 105 and the support plate 135 are fixed by nuts. In this way, after adjusting the fixed position, by tightening the nuts, the two support plates 135 on the limit post 105 are pressed tightly, fixing one end of the support plate 135 to prevent the acting force from being transmitted through the support plate 135 when the soil outside the front plow wall 131 exerts pressure, resulting in rotation at both ends of the support plate 135, so as to maintain the support of the support plate 135 for the front plow wall 131;

[0034] That is to say, before plowing the land, the inclination angle of the front plow wall 131 is controlled by adjusting the position of the limit column 105 inserted into the upper limit hole 136 on the support plate 135 according to the soil properties of the land to be plowed (such as humidity, hardness, etc.) so as to match the soil properties and avoid the front plow wall 131 from being tilted too much, resulting in the resistance of the broken bolt 121 exceeding the load, causing the broken bolt 121 to break. After the adjustment, the support plate 135 is limited by the nut to detach from the limit column 105. Then, the soil turned over by the plowshare 110 slides out through the outside of the front plow wall 131, thereby realizing the turning of the soil.

[0035] On the other hand, considering that the angle at which the soil slides off the front plow wall 131 during soil turning is fixed, the following problems arise: when the soil is in a compacted lumpy state, the soil will clump after turning, and the looseness will be reduced. In addition, the turned soil usually needs to be aired to keep the soil in a moderately dry state before the soil is crushed. If the crushing operation is performed directly, the agglomerated soil will easily stick to each other and become loose, which will affect the plowshare 110 and the front plow wall 131. An inclined mud guide plate 112 is fixedly provided below the ends of the plowshare 110 and the front plow wall 131. The inclined state of the mud guide plate 112 is Figure 2 For example, when the mud guide plate 112 is moving, it guides the soil turned by the plowshare 110 upward, so that the angle of soil turning is increased. The turned soil passes through the mud guide plate 112. Please refer to Figure 2 The middle arrow points to the direction in which the turned soil is guided toward the front plow wall 131 by the mud guide plate 112 on the plowshare 110. Similarly, the mud guide plate 112 on the front plow wall 131 guides toward its end, thereby increasing the angle at which the soil rushes out of the front plow wall 131. By increasing the rushing-out angle, when the soil detaches from the front plow wall 131 and falls to the bottom surface, it helps to break up the compacted and hardened layers in the soil, making the soil structure looser and increasing the looseness of the soil.

[0036] Return to Figure 6 As shown, the expansion mechanism 130 also includes a rear plowboard 132. An expansion angle 137 is formed between the front plowboard 131 and the rear plowboard 132 to push the soil transported by the front plowboard 131 outward. The range of the expansion angle 137 is between 150° and 180°. Since the rear plowboard 132 is inclined outward relative to the front plowboard 131, when the rear plowboard 132 transports the soil turned over by the front plowboard 131, the soil is turned outward after passing through the rear plowboard 132. Figure 3 As shown, the end of the rear plow wall 132 of the turned soil is pushed outward, thereby increasing the range of soil coverage outward, which is conducive to the later drying of the turned soil.

[0037] In addition, a gap 133 for evacuating soil is formed between the bottom of the rear ploughshare 132 and the front ploughshare 131. The gap 133 diverts the soil from the front ploughshare 131, separating the caked soil from the loose soil. That is, during the process of the front ploughshare 131 transporting soil to the rear ploughshare 132 and the gap 133, since the deeper the soil is located, the greater its humidity and the easier it is to cake, while the topsoil is often in a dry and loose state. Therefore, the caked soil passes through the gap 133, and the loose soil passes over the rear ploughshare 132. For some relatively large caked soil, the lower edge of the rear ploughshare 132 can also contact the large caked soil and form a shearing force, breaking the caked soil into small pieces, thereby improving the soil structure and reducing the phenomenon of soil caking.

[0038] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil crushing and tilling machine, comprising a plow frame (100), a fixing device (101), a plow post (102) and a depth-limiting wheel (103), characterized in that: in, The fixing device (101) connects the plow frame (100) with a traction mechanism, and the traction mechanism is used to provide power for the plow frame (100). The plow column (102) is located at the end of the plow frame (100), and a self-protection mechanism (120) is fixedly arranged between the plow column (102) and the plow frame (100). A plowshare (110) for bidirectional ridge turning is fixedly connected to the bottom of the plow column (102). Expansion mechanisms (130) are rotatably arranged on both sides of the plowshare (110). A ridge turning angle is formed between the expansion mechanism (130) and the plowshare (110). The angle of the ridge turning angle is adjusted by using external power, so that the soil turned outward can bury the surface weeds deeply into the lower soil layer. The self-protection mechanism (120) is used to protect the plow frame (100) by breaking when the plowshare (110) and the expansion mechanism (130) are overloaded.

2. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-protection mechanism (120) comprises a broken bolt (121) and a protective bolt (122); the protective bolt (122) is stronger than the broken bolt (121); the protective bolt (122) and the broken bolt (121) penetrate the plow frame (100) and the plow column (102).

3. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The penetration positions of the protection bolt (122) and the breaking bolt (121) respectively correspond to the fixing holes (104) on the plow column (102); the fixing holes (104) are arranged at longitudinal intervals on the plow column (102) to adjust the depth of the plowshare (110) cutting into the soil.

4. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A "V"-shaped weed turning plate (111) close to the end of the plow frame (100) is fixedly arranged at the top of the plowshare (110) to protect the plow column (102). The weed turning plate (111) is used to separate weeds from the plow column (102) and guide the turned soil to move to both sides.

5. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion mechanism (130) comprises a front plow wall (131) rotatably arranged with the end of the plow share (110) via a latch; when the front plow wall (131) matches the end of the plow share (110), the plow share (110) and the front plow wall (131) are coplanar; the front plow wall (131) is used to cooperate with the plow share (110) to increase the contact area with the soil.

6. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A U-shaped piece (134) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the front plowboard (131), and a support plate (135) for controlling the expansion angle of the front plowboard (131) is rotatably arranged on the U-shaped piece (134), and the support plate (135) is connected to a limiting column (105) fixedly arranged on the plowboard (102).

7. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: A limiting column (105) is fixedly arranged on the plow column (102), and a plurality of limiting holes (136) are arranged at intervals on the support plate (135). The limiting holes (136) are sleeved on the limiting column (105) and the limiting column (105) is used to provide support for the support plate (135). The limiting column (105) and the support plate (135) are fixed by nuts.

8. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: An inclined mud guide plate (112) is fixedly arranged below the ends of the plowshare (110) and the front plow wall (131). When the plowshare (110) is moving, the mud guide plate (112) guides the soil turned by the plowshare (110) upwards, thereby increasing the angle of soil turning.

9. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expansion mechanism (130) further comprises a rear plowboard (132), and an expansion angle (137) is formed between the front plowboard (131) and the rear plowboard (132) to push the soil transported by the front plowboard (131) outward, wherein the range of the expansion angle (137) is between 150° and 180°.

10. The soil crushing and tilling machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: A gap (133) for evacuating soil is formed between the bottom of the rear moldboard (132) and the front moldboard (131), and the gap (133) guides the soil from the front moldboard (131) to separate the agglomerated soil from the loose soil.

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