Facility cherry planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a facility cherry planting method, and relates to the field of cherry planting. The facility cherry planting method comprises the steps that a high-quality vigorous rootstock cherry variety which is high in quality, early-maturing and high in adaptability is selected, and it is ensured that a pollination variety and a main cultivation variety are consistent in flowering phase and good in affinity; honeybee pollination and artificial pollination medicine spraying are combined in the full-bloom stage, so that the pollination efficiency is improved; the paclobutrazol is sprayed to control flourishing, and it is ensured that flower and fruit falling is not affected; deeply plowing the land, applying sufficient organic fertilizer, laying a scientifically designed drip irrigation belt, and improving the soil condition; the cherry tree is shaped into a short crown cup shape through a real-time girdling method, and the tree body structure is optimized; intelligent temperature and humidity regulation and control equipment is installed, and environment parameters in the greenhouse are monitored and adjusted in real time. The problems that in the prior art, pollination efficiency is low, soil conditions are poor, tree management is unreasonable and environment regulation and control are not accurate are solved, high-yield, high-quality and efficient planting of cherries is achieved, and remarkable economic value and popularization significance are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cherry cultivation, and specifically provides a cultivation method for greenhouse cherries. Background Art

[0002] Greenhouse cherries refer to cherries cultivated in greenhouses, plastic greenhouses or other facility equipment. By artificially regulating environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light, etc.), the early or late ripening of cherries can be achieved, improving fruit quality and yield. Facility cultivation can extend the market time of cherries, enabling them to be on the market during the off-season of traditional open-field cultivation, increasing economic benefits. Through facility protection, cherries can grow in areas where open-field cultivation is not suitable. Facility cultivation can effectively avoid the impact of adverse weather such as low temperature, rain, and strong wind during the flowering period in open-field cultivation, and at the same time improve fruit quality through environmental regulation.

[0003] Although the technology of greenhouse cherry cultivation has been widely applied in recent years, the existing technology still has the following main defects:

[0004] 1. Currently, most greenhouse cherry greenhouses adopt the main trunk layered type with a tall tree body using a vigorous rootstock, with a height of 4 - 5m, which requires a lot of labor and is highly dangerous in production management. The bushy tree shape mostly uses dwarf rootstocks, but it is not conducive to planting in barren hilly and mountainous areas. Using a bushy tree shape with a vigorous rootstock takes a relatively long time to start bearing fruit, about 4 - 5 years;

[0005] 2. At present, the artificial pollination method is mostly used to ensure the fruit set rate of sweet cherries, and the fruits pollinated artificially are large, but due to human intervention, there are no kernels in the fruit pits, and the storability and transportability are poor after maturity;

[0006] 3. After the sweet cherries set fruit, the new shoots and leaves grow vigorously, affecting the growth of sweet cherry fruits. Excessive growth of new shoots is likely to cause fruit shrinkage and fruit drop. The new shoots are promoted to form flower buds by pinching. The traditional method is to spray paclobutrazol or PBO after the flowers fade to inhibit growth, and there is no discovery of using growth inhibitors during the flowering period. Summary of the Invention

[0007] (I) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a cultivation method for greenhouse cherries, which solves the problems raised in the above background art.

[0009] (II) Technical Solutions

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A cultivation method for greenhouse cherries, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Select high-quality, early-maturing, and highly adaptable cherry varieties. At the same time, ensure that the pollinator variety has the same flowering period as the main cultivated variety and good compatibility. The number of pollinator trees should account for about 10%.

[0012] S2. Use a standard rootstock, preferably Colt. The spacing between cherry trees is 2 - 2.5 meters, and the row spacing is 3 - 4 meters. The planting time is set in autumn.

[0013] S3. Conduct bee pollination and artificial pollination simultaneously. Introduce bees in the early flowering stage in the morning or evening, and spray foliar fertilizers containing trace elements such as boron and zinc, such as boron source library, zinc source library, or directly spray the full-nutrient Sea Elf biostimulant. During the full flowering stage, when gently tapping the branches and petals start to fall, conduct artificial pollination and spray the pollination agent.

[0014] S4. One day after spraying the pollination agent during the full flowering stage, start spraying paclobutrazol on the whole tree 1 - 2 times, with a spraying multiple of 100 - 120 times and an interval of 5 - 7 days.

[0015] S5. Adopt a bushy tree shape, with a trunk height of 30 - 50 cm, 10 - 15 branches per tree, and each branch distributed in a cup shape around.

[0016] Preferably, the cherry tree is selected from one of Youmei Zao, Huojian, Luying 5, etc., and the number of pollinator trees accounts for 10% - 15% of the total number of cherry trees.

[0017] Preferably, the cherry planting garden is selected in a location with a sunny and sheltered wind direction, deep soil layer, fertile, loose, good air permeability, low groundwater level, and sufficient sunlight. The planting garden needs to undergo construction operations such as deep plowing the land, applying sufficient organic fertilizer, making ridges, digging ditches, and laying drip irrigation tapes. Irrigation, fertilization, film mulching supporting facilities, as well as drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation systems are set up in the planting garden. Thermometers, carbon dioxide concentration meters, and heating equipment are equipped in the planting garden, and iron wires and bamboo poles are arranged in the greenhouse for easy access and operation by personnel.

[0018] Preferably, for the cherry orchard, 1 - 2 pollination box bees are equipped according to the facility cherry greenhouse with a yield of 2000 kg per mu. Each box of bees contains 5000 - 6000 bees. The beehives are placed around the facility greenhouse, 30 cm above the ground. The pollination agent is the Guoguang brand cherry pollination agent.

[0019] Preferably, the greenhouse frame material in the cherry planting garden is made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipes and covered with polyvinyl chloride anti-aging film.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, the trunk height of the shaped cherry tree is 30-50 cm, the tree height after shaping is 1.5-3.5 m, main branches with appropriate angles are cultivated on the trunk and extend around to form a crown. The opening angle of each main branch is 20°-30°, and the main branches are distributed in a cup shape around. Spur-like fruiting branches or short fruiting branches are directly borne on the main branches. When the diameter of the main branch reaches 4-5 cm, girdling is carried out. The girdling method for the branches is to carry out girdling every 20-25 cm upward from the base in sequence.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, the trunk height of the shaped cherry tree is 30-50 cm, the tree height after shaping is 1.5-3.5 m, main branches with appropriate angles are cultivated on the trunk and extend around to form a crown. The opening angle of each main branch is 20°-30°, and the main branches are distributed in a cup shape around. Spur-like fruiting branches or short fruiting branches are directly borne on the main branches. When the diameter of the main branch reaches 4-5 cm, girdling is carried out. The girdling method for the branches is to carry out girdling every 20-25 cm upward from the base in sequence.

[0022] Preferably, the planting steps of the cherry tree include digging holes, applying basal fertilizers, putting the seedlings into the holes, filling the soil and compacting it, and watering thoroughly.

[0023] (III) Beneficial effects

[0024] The present invention provides a method for planting cherry trees in facilities, having the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. By optimizing the pollination management and combining artificial pollination with bee pollination, the present invention solves the problem that traditional artificial pollination leads to no hormone secretion in the kernels, which affects the storability and transportability of fruits. Bee pollination ensures the normal secretion of hormones in the kernels and promotes the growth of cherry fruits. Artificial pollination enlarges the fruits and increases the solid content of the fruits, thus significantly improving the fruit setting rate and fruit quality, making the fruits uniform in size, bright in color, and excellent in taste, effectively enhancing the overall quality and market competitiveness of the fruits.

[0026] 2. By using real-time girdling to shape a short-crown cup-shaped tree form, the tree structure is optimized, the tree body is dwarfed, and the difficulty and danger degree of production management are reduced. Compared with the traditional trunk-layered tree form of the tall rootstock, the tree structure of the present invention is more reasonable, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are significantly improved, the occurrence probability of diseases and pests is reduced, the time to start fruiting is shortened, and the economic benefits are generated earlier.

[0027] 3. By using a growth inhibitor after artificial pollination, the present invention controls the excessive growth of new shoots, increases the vegetative growth of fruits, reduces the labor for pinching the new shoots, and reduces the workload of fruit tree maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a flow schematic diagram of the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for planting facility cherries, including the following steps:

[0032] S1. Variety selection and pollination management: Select the Youmeizao variety, and the number of pollinator trees accounts for 10% of the total number of cherry trees. Use Colt as the standard rootstock, with a plant spacing of 2 meters and a row spacing of 3 meters for cherry trees. The planting time is set in autumn. During the full bloom period, artificial pollination is carried out using cotton swabs, and bees are introduced for auxiliary pollination. Spray the boron source library foliar fertilizer to improve the fruit setting rate. One day after spraying the pollination medicine during the full bloom period, spray paclobutrazol, 4 grams per plant, and spray a 100-fold diluted aqueous solution.

[0033] S2. Soil improvement and precise fertilization: Deeply plow the land, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, and lay drip irrigation tapes. Adopt precise fertilization technology, and adjust the fertilization amount and frequency in real time according to the growth requirements of cherry trees and the soil nutrient status.

[0034] S3. Tree shaping and pruning management: Shape the cherry tree into a short crown cup shape by the method of real-time girdling. The height of the main trunk is controlled at 40 cm, and the tree height after shaping is 1.5 m. Cultivate 3 main branches with appropriate orientations and angles on the main trunk, and the opening angle of each main branch is 40°. The main branches are distributed in a cup shape. Flower cluster-shaped fruiting branches or short fruiting branches are directly borne on the main branches. Regular pruning management is carried out, including bud rubbing in spring, heart pinching in summer, cleaning dead branches in autumn, and slow release in winter.

[0035] S4. Intelligent environment control: Install intelligent temperature and humidity control equipment to ensure stable temperature and humidity in the shed. During the germination period, the daytime temperature is 15-17°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 5°C; during the flowering period, the daytime temperature is 20-25°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 10°C; during the fruit swelling period, the daytime temperature is 25-30°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 15°C; during the maturity period, the daytime temperature is 20-25°C, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 10°C. The soil water content is maintained between 60%-70% of the field water holding capacity. Equip a carbon dioxide concentration meter to monitor and supplement the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed in real time.

[0036] Using the method of this embodiment for cherry tree planting, the fruit setting rate reaches 85%, which is 20% higher than the traditional method. The fruit size is uniform, with an average single fruit weight of 12 grams, which is 15% higher than the traditional method. The fruit color is bright, the sugar content reaches 18%, which is 3% higher than the traditional method, and the yield per mu reaches 1200 kg, which is 30% higher than the traditional method.

[0037] Example Two

[0038] The differences between this embodiment and Example One are as follows:

[0039] Variety selection: Select the Rocket variety, and the number of pollinator trees accounts for 13% of the total number of cherry trees.

[0040] Planting density: Adopt a close planting method with a plant spacing of 2 meters and a row spacing of 4 meters.

[0041] Pollination management: Spray zinc source library foliar fertilizer during the full bloom period.

[0042] Spraying paclobutrazol: The concentration of paclobutrazol sprayed is 120 times the diluted solution with water.

[0043] Tree shaping: Adopt the cluster-shaped tree form, with a tree trunk height of 30 - 50 cm, 10 - 15 branches per tree, and each branch is distributed in a cup shape around. When the branch diameter reaches 4 - 5 cm, girdling is carried out.

[0044] Girdling method: Girdle from the base upwards at intervals of 20 - 25 cm in sequence.

[0045] Experimental data:

[0046] Using the method of this embodiment for cherry tree planting, the fruit setting rate reaches 88%, which is 23% higher than the traditional method. The average single fruit weight is 13 grams, which is 20% higher than the traditional method. The sugar content reaches 19%, which is 4% higher than the traditional method, and the yield per mu reaches 1300 kg, which is 35% higher than the traditional method.

[0047] Example Three

[0048] The differences between this embodiment and Example One are as follows:

[0049] Variety selection: Select the Luying 5 variety, and the number of pollinator trees accounts for 12% of the total number of cherry trees.

[0050] Soil improvement: Increase the use of soil improvers to further improve soil structure and fertility.

[0051] Drip irrigation system: Adopt a drip irrigation system with a multi-point distribution design to ensure that the roots of each cherry tree can receive water evenly.

[0052] Intelligent regulation: The intelligent temperature and humidity regulation equipment is equipped with a remote monitoring function, allowing growers to view and adjust the environmental parameters in the greenhouse in real time through their mobile phones or computers.

[0053] When the method of this embodiment is used for cherry tree planting, the fruit setting rate reaches 90%, which is 25% higher than the traditional method. The average single fruit weight is 15 grams, which is 25% higher than the traditional method. The sugar content reaches 20%, which is 5% higher than the traditional method. The yield per mu reaches 1400 kg, which is 40% higher than the traditional method.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is as follows:

[0056] Pollination method: Only manual pollination and spraying of pollination drugs are used, and bees are not introduced.

[0057] Spraying paclobutrazol: 6 grams of paclobutrazol is used per plant, and it is sprayed with a 120-fold diluted aqueous solution.

[0058] Tree body management: The tree body is shaped into a natural shape, and no shaping is carried out into a low-crown open shape or a fan shape.

[0059] When the method of this embodiment is used for cherry tree planting, the fruit setting rate reaches 75%, which is 10% higher than the traditional method. The average single fruit weight is 12 grams, which is 10% higher than the traditional method. The sugar content reaches 17%, which is 2% higher than the traditional method. The yield per mu reaches 1100 kg, which is 25% higher than the traditional method.

[0060] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for planting cherry in facilities, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select high-quality, early-maturing, and adaptable cherry varieties. At the same time, ensure that the pollination varieties have the same flowering period and good affinity with the main cultivated varieties. The number of pollination trees should account for about 10%. S2, using tree rootstock, preferably Corte, cherry tree spacing 2-2.5 meters, row spacing 3-4 meters, planting time set to autumn; S3. Bee pollination and artificial pollination are carried out at the same time. In the early flowering period, bees are brought in in the morning or evening, and foliar fertilizers containing trace elements such as boron and zinc are sprayed, such as boron source pool, zinc source pool or direct spraying of full-nutrition sea elf biostimulant; in the peak flowering period, when petals begin to fall from the branches by tapping them lightly, artificial pollination is carried out and pollination drugs are sprayed; S4. One day after spraying the pollination drug during the flowering period, start spraying the whole tree with paclobutrazol 1-2 times, with a spraying multiple of 100-120 times and an interval of 5-7 days; S5. Use a bush-branch tree shape with a trunk height of 30-50cm, 10-15 branches per tree, and the branches are arranged in a cup shape.

2. A method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cherry tree is selected from one of the five varieties, namely Youmei Zao, Huojian and Luying, and the number of pollination trees accounts for 10%-15% of the total number of cherry trees.

3. The method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cherry plantation is selected in a location that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, has a deep soil layer, is fertile and loose, has good air permeability, a low groundwater level, and sufficient light. The plantation needs to undergo deep plowing, application of sufficient organic fertilizer, ridge making, trenching, and laying of drip irrigation tapes. The plantation is equipped with irrigation, fertilization, and film covering facilities as well as drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation systems. The plantation is equipped with a thermometer and humidity meter, a carbon dioxide concentration meter, and heating equipment. Iron wires and bamboo poles are arranged in the shed to facilitate personnel entry and exit and operation.

4. The method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cherry orchard is equipped with 1-2 pollination bee boxes according to the cherry greenhouse with an output of 2000kg per mu. Each bee box contains 5000-6000 bees. The beehives are placed around the greenhouse at a height of 30cm from the ground. The pollination drug is Guoguang brand cherry pollination drug.

5. The method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The greenhouse frame material in the cherry plantation is made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipe covered with polyvinyl chloride anti-aging film.

6. The method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the trunk height of the shaped cherry tree is 30-50 cm, and the tree height after forming is 1.5-3.5 m. The main branches with suitable cultivation angles on the trunk extend to the surroundings to form a crown. The opening angle of each main branch is 20°-30°, and the main branches are distributed in a cup shape. Bouquet-shaped fruiting branches or short fruit branches are directly grown on the main branches. When the diameter of the main branch reaches 4-5 cm, it is ring-cut. The ring-cutting method of the branch is to ring-cut from the base upward every 20-25 cm.

7. The method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the cherry plantation is set to 15-17°C during the germination period and not less than 5°C at night; 20-25°C during the day and not less than 10°C at night during the flowering period; 25-30°C during the day and not less than 15°C at night during the fruit expansion period; 20-25°C during the day and not less than 10°C at night during the ripening period, and the soil moisture content in the cherry plantation is maintained between 60% and 70% of the field water holding capacity.

8. The method for planting cherry in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of planting the cherry tree include digging a hole, applying base fertilizer, placing the seedlings in the hole, filling the soil and compacting it, and watering it thoroughly.

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