Quantitative uniform regulation type particle strengthening and toughening composite material preparation method, product and quantitative calculation method of product

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a quantifiable uniform regulation type particle strengthening and toughening composite material, a product and a quantitative calculation method of the product, relates to the field of particle reinforcement composite materials, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, gaps of large particle reinforcements are large. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a cavity, uniformly distributing large-particle reinforcements in the cavity in a sweeping or pressurizing manner, finally, paving a powder material mixed with small-particle reinforcements, further filling gaps to prepare a basic unit material, and carrying out stacking, cold pressing, sintering and secondary densification treatment on the basic unit material to obtain the composite material. Compared with a common uniformly-distributed particle reinforced composite material, the reinforced composite material has the advantages of smaller porosity and better tensile strength, bending resistance and wear resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of particulate-reinforced composites, and specifically to a preparation method, a product, and a quantitative calculation method for a quantitatively uniformly regulated particulate toughened composite material. Background Art

[0002] In the field of particulate-reinforced composites, controlling the uniform distribution of reinforcing particles on a matrix is called uniform regulation. The common preparation schemes for particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites can be roughly divided into four categories: liquid phase method, solid phase method, gas phase method, and other advanced manufacturing schemes. With the continuous in-depth research on metal matrix composites, advanced preparation methods such as the solid phase method and additive manufacturing gradually occupy a dominant position due to their advantages of promoting the uniform distribution of reinforcements in the matrix, enhancing the interfacial bonding with the metal matrix, and thus improving the comprehensive performance of the composite material. These mainly include: vacuum hot pressing (VHP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), cold spray deposition (CSD), high-pressure torsion (HPT), friction stir processing (FSP), and additive manufacturing (AD), etc. The main purpose of these methods is to uniformly distribute the reinforcements in the matrix and form good interfacial bonding, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the comprehensive performance of the metal matrix composite material.

[0003] However, in practical research, it is found that the current preparation schemes for metal matrix composites still generally have problems such as uneven distribution or agglomeration of large particulate reinforcements, resulting in unsatisfactory strengthening effects of the materials. The reason is that due to the limitations of the preparation schemes, some particulate reinforcements agglomerate and cannot achieve a uniform and regular consistent dispersion effect to improve the comprehensive performance of the composite material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a preparation method for a quantitatively uniformly regulated particulate toughened composite material, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a preparation method for a quantitatively uniformly regulated particulate toughened composite material, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0006] Step 1, make a cavity in the matrix by drilling, and uniformly arrange large particulate reinforcements in the cavity to obtain a main material X; the large particulate reinforcements can adopt a polygonal prism structure or a spherical particle.

[0007] Step 2: Fill the matrix material X obtained in Step 1 with a mixture. The mixture is filled into the gap between the large particle reinforcements and the cavity to obtain the basic unit material Q. The mixture can reduce the overall porosity of the material.

[0008] Step 3: Stack a plurality of the basic unit materials Q obtained in Step 2 in a mold and perform cold pressing to obtain a preliminary green body material M.

[0009] Step 4: Sinter the green body material M obtained in Step 3 to a solid-liquid coexistence state to prepare a bulk material.

[0010] Step 5: Perform final densification treatment by means of hot forging or stamping.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in Step 1, the cavity can be formed by means of laser drilling or stamping.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in Step 1, the large particle reinforcements are evenly distributed in the cavity by means of surface sweeping or pressurization. The spatial size of the cavity can only completely accommodate the same number of the large particle reinforcements at the same time.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the mixture includes powder and small particle reinforcements, and the two are evenly mixed. The powder can be made of the same material as the matrix or different materials. The small particle reinforcements can be made of the same material as the large particle reinforcements or different materials from the large particle reinforcements.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the particle size of the powder is 1-20 microns, and the particle size or dimension of the small particle reinforcements is 1-500 nm. The small particle reinforcements are evenly dispersed in the cavity supported by the powder.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the volume fraction of the large particle reinforcements is 5.0-35.0 vol%, and the volume fraction of the small particle reinforcements is 0.05-1.5 vol%, which can ensure the interfacial bonding and toughening degree of the composite material.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the mixing method of the powder and the small particle reinforcements adopts mechanical stirring, ultrasonic vibration or charge adsorption. Among them, charge adsorption can make the small particle reinforcements evenly adsorbed on the surface of the powder particles.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in Step 3, the cold pressing is carried out using a steel mold.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 4, the sintering is carried out by rapid heating and pressurization using VHP or SPS.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2, the base unit material Q further includes a sealing material on the main body material X and the mixture, and the sealing material encapsulates the base unit material Q. The sealing material can be a foil material, a plate material or other forms of materials that can achieve the encapsulation effect.

[0020] The present invention also discloses a quantitatively controllable and uniformly regulated particle toughened composite material prepared by the above method. The technical solution adopted for calculating the total mass fraction and total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcements in the composite material is as follows: Let the total volume of the quantitatively controllable and uniformly regulated particle toughened composite material be V1, the total mass be M1, the total volume of the large particle reinforcements in the quantitatively controllable and uniformly regulated particle toughened composite material be V2, and the total mass be M2. Then the total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcements in the quantitatively controllable and uniformly regulated particle toughened composite material is The total mass fraction is The total volume fraction and total mass fraction of the large particle reinforcements in the composite material are independent of the number of stacked layers.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By using large particle reinforcements in combination with small particle reinforcements and powders, the present invention can fill voids through the powders and small particle reinforcements, so that the pores and porosity in the composite material are lower and the densification degree is better. By controlling the volume fractions of the large particle reinforcements and small particle reinforcements, while ensuring the reinforcement effect, the interface bonding and toughening degree of the composite material are ensured. Further, the present invention still retains an effective estimation method for the volume fraction of the large particle reinforcements in the matrix material, which can be used for modeling and estimation in the design and preparation of materials before material preparation.

[0022] Further, by processing into a particle reinforced composite material with obvious stratification by stacking, it has better tensile, bending resistance and wear resistance strength advantages compared with ordinary uniformly distributed particle reinforced composite materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the base unit material Q of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the embryo material M of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the base unit material Q of the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the embryo material M in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1, matrix; 101, cavity; 2, large particle reinforcement; 3, mixture; 4, sealing material. Specific embodiments

[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] As Figures 1 to 2 shown, the first embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in this embodiment. The technical solution adopted includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1, prepare materials,

[0032] Matrix 1: Aluminum strip, with a length (a) of 100 mm, a width (b) of 80 mm, and a thickness (h1) of 300 μm;

[0033] Large particle reinforcement 2: Diamond micropowder, with a diameter d1 between 230 - 270 μm;

[0034] Small particle reinforcement: Nano diamond, with a diameter of 50 nm;

[0035] Powder: Pure aluminum powder, with a diameter of 5 μm;

[0036] Step 2, operate an indentation instrument to press a cavity 101 with a depth of 250 μm and a diameter d2 of 270 μm on the surface of the aluminum strip, with a spacing k of 20 μm;

[0037] Step 3, add the large particle reinforcement 2 on the surface of the aluminum strip, and use a brush to evenly sweep the large particle reinforcement 2 across the surface of the aluminum strip so that the large particle reinforcement 2 evenly enters the cavity 101 to obtain the main material X;

[0038] Step 4, mix the small particle reinforcement and the powder and mechanically stir evenly to obtain the mixture 3. In the mixture 3, the volume fraction of the small particle reinforcement is 0.5 vol%;

[0039] Step 5, spread the mixture 3 on the surface of the main material to obtain the basic unit material Q;

[0040] Step 6: Stack 10 layers of the basic unit material Q, and then place it in a steel pressure mold for cold pressing. After pressing, the blank material M is obtained. In the blank material M, the total powder thickness (h2) of each layer of the basic unit material Q is 20 μm.

[0041] Step 7: Take out the blank material M, place it in a mold for vacuum hot pressing sintering (VHP, pressure is 50 MPa, temperature is 590 °C), and keep it warm for one hour.

[0042] Step 8: Then perform hot forging to ensure that the composite material reaches a high density state.

[0043] Take diamond with an average particle size of 250 μm for quantitative calculation of the total mass fraction and total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcement 2:

[0044] Let the density of the aluminum strip be ρ1; the density of the large particle reinforcement 2 be ρ2; the mixed density of the mixture 3 be ρ3; and the number of stacked layers of the basic unit material Q in the uniformly adjustable particle-strengthened and toughened composite material be m. Then:

[0045] Total volume of the composite material:

[0046] V1 = ab·(h1 + h2)

[0047] Total mass of the metal strip, foil and mixed powder is:

[0048] M1 = abρ1·(h1 + h2)

[0049] Number of large particle reinforcements that can be accommodated on the long side of the composite material is

[0050] Number of large particle reinforcements that can be accommodated on the wide side of the composite material is

[0051] Then the total number of cavities 101 on the matrix 1 in each layer of the basic unit material Q (or the total number of large particle reinforcements 2 that can be added) n is n1·n2.

[0052] Total volume of the large particle reinforcement 2 in the prepared composite material is:

[0053]

[0054] Total mass of the large particle reinforcement 2 in the prepared composite material is:

[0055] M2 = V2·ρ2

[0056] Total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcement 2 in the prepared composite material is:

[0057]

[0058] The total mass fraction of the large particle reinforcements in the prepared metal matrix composite is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Through the above calculations, it can be obtained that the mass fraction of the large particle reinforcement 2 filled in this example is 28.8 wt%, and the volume fraction is 24 vol%.

[0061] In this example, a diamond aluminum matrix composite with a 24 vol% uniform distribution of large particle reinforcements was finally obtained.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This example discloses the second implementation manner of the present invention. The technical solution adopted includes the following steps:

[0064] Step 1, prepare materials.

[0065] Matrix 1: Copper strip, with a length (a) of 120 mm, a width (b) of 100 mm, and a thickness (h1) of 300 μm.

[0066] Large particle reinforcement 2: Diamond micropowder, with a diameter d1 ranging from 260 to 300 μm.

[0067] Small particle reinforcement: Nanodiamond, with a diameter of 50 nm.

[0068] Powder: Pure copper powder, with a diameter of 5 μm.

[0069] Step 2, use an indentation instrument to press a cavity 101 with a depth of 250 μm and a diameter d2 of 280 μm on the surface of the aluminum strip, with a spacing k of 20 μm.

[0070] Step 3, add the large particle reinforcement 2 on the surface of the aluminum strip, and use a brush to evenly sweep the large particle reinforcement 2 across the surface of the copper strip, so that the large particle reinforcement 2 evenly enters the cavity 101 to obtain the main material X.

[0071] Step 4, mix the small particle reinforcement and the powder and use ultrasonic vibration to make it uniform to obtain the mixture 3. In the mixture 3, the volume fraction of the small particle reinforcement is 1.0 vol%.

[0072] Step 5, spread the mixture 3 on the surface of the main material to obtain the basic unit material Q.

[0073] Step 6, stack 12 layers of the basic unit material Q, then place it in a steel pressure mold and perform cold pressing. After pressing, the embryo material M is obtained. In the embryo material M, the total thickness (h2) of the powder of each layer of the basic unit material Q is 20 μm.

[0074] Step 7: Take out the embryo material M, place it in a mold for SPS sintering (pressure: 50 MPa, temperature: 970 °C), and keep warm for 2 hours.

[0075] Step 8: Subsequently, perform hot forging to ensure that the composite material reaches a high-density state.

[0076] Select diamond with an average particle size of 280 μm for quantitative calculation of the total mass fraction and total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcement 2:

[0077] In this embodiment, the mass fraction of the added large particle reinforcement 2 is: 14.9 wt.%.

[0078] In this embodiment, the volume fraction of the added large particle reinforcement 2 is: 30.5 vol%.

[0079] Finally, a 30.5 vol% diamond copper matrix composite material with a uniform distribution of large particle reinforcements is obtained.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] This embodiment discloses the third implementation manner of the present invention. The adopted technical solution includes the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Prepare materials.

[0083] Matrix 1: Aluminum strip, with length (a) of 100 mm, width (b) of 100 mm, and thickness (h1) of 100 μm.

[0084] Large particle reinforcement 2: SiC fine powder, with diameter d1 ranging from 80 - 120 μm.

[0085] Small particle reinforcement: Nano-SiC fine powder, with diameter of 80 nm.

[0086] Powder: Pure aluminum powder, with diameter of 5 μm.

[0087] Step 2: Use an indentation instrument to press a cavity 101 with a depth of 100 μm and a diameter d2 of 120 μm on the surface of the aluminum strip, with a spacing k of 20 μm.

[0088] Step 3: Add the large particle reinforcement 2 on the surface of the aluminum strip, and use a brush to evenly sweep the large particle reinforcement 2 across the surface of the aluminum strip, so that the large particle reinforcement 2 evenly enters the cavity 101 to obtain the main material X.

[0089] Step 4: Mix the small particle reinforcement and the powder and mechanically stir evenly to obtain the mixture 3. In the mixture 3, the volume fraction of the small particle reinforcement is 1.0 vol%.

[0090] Step 5: Spread the mixture 3 on the surface of the main material to obtain the basic unit material Q.

[0091] Step 6: Stack 15 layers of the basic unit material Q, and then place it in a steel pressure mold for cold pressing. After pressing, the embryo material M is obtained. In the embryo material M, the total powder thickness (h2) of each layer of the basic unit material Q is 20 μm.

[0092] Step 7: Take out the embryo material M and place it in a mold for vacuum hot pressing sintering (VHP, pressure is 50 MPa, temperature is 590 °C), and keep the temperature for one hour.

[0093] Step 8: Then perform secondary hot pressing sintering to ensure that the composite material reaches a high density state.

[0094] Take SiC micropowder with an average particle size of 100 μm for quantitative calculation of the total mass fraction and total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcement 2:

[0095] In this embodiment, the mass fraction of the added large particle reinforcement 2 is: 23 wt.%.

[0096] In this embodiment, the volume fraction of the added large particle reinforcement 2 is: 19.2 vol%.

[0097] Finally, a 19.2 vol% aluminum matrix composite material with uniformly distributed large particle reinforcements is obtained.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown, the difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that in Step 3, a pneumatic nozzle is used to uniformly add the large particle reinforcement 2 into the cavity 101.

[0100] Step 5: Spread the mixture 3 on the surface of the main material, and use a foil material to encapsulate the main material X with the added mixture 3. The foil material is the sealing material 4. After encapsulation, the basic unit material Q is obtained.

[0101] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-strengthened composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, a cavity is formed on a substrate by punching, and a large-particle reinforcement is evenly arranged in the cavity to obtain a main body material X; Step 2, filling the main material X obtained in step 1 with a mixture, and the mixture is filled in the gap between the large particle reinforcement and the cavity to obtain a basic unit material Q; Step 3, stacking the plurality of basic unit materials Q obtained in step 2 in a mold, and cold pressing them to obtain a preliminary embryo material M; Step 4, sintering the embryo material M obtained in step 3 to a solid-liquid coexistence state to prepare a bulk material; Step 5: Perform final densification treatment by hot forging or stamping.

2. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the cavity is formed by laser drilling or punching.

3. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the large-particle reinforcements are evenly distributed in the cavity by surface sweeping or pressurization, and the spatial size of the cavity can only fully accommodate the same number of large-particle reinforcements at the same time.

4. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed material comprises powder and small particle reinforcement, which are uniformly mixed.

5. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the powder is 1-20 microns, and the particle size or size of the small particle reinforcement is 1-500 nm.

6. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The volume fraction of the large particle reinforcement is 5.0-35.0 vol%; the volume fraction of the small particle reinforcement is 0.05-1.5 vol%.

7. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, the sintering is carried out by rapid heating and pressurization using VHP or SPS.

8. The method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the basic unit material Q also includes a sealing material on the main material X and the mixed material, and the sealing material encapsulates the basic unit material Q.

9. A quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-strengthening composite material, characterized in that: The composite material is prepared by the method for preparing a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material as claimed in claim 1.

10. A quantitative calculation method for large particle reinforcement of a quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: Assuming that the total volume of the quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material is V1 and the total mass is M1, the total volume of the large particle reinforcement in the quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material is V2 and the total mass is M2, then the total volume fraction of the large particle reinforcement in the quantitatively uniformly controllable particle-reinforced composite material is The total mass fraction is

Images