Donkey manure treatment and recovery device for meat donkey breeding

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of donkey breeding, and discloses a donkey manure treatment and recovery device for meat donkey breeding, which comprises a recovery box, a recovery shaft rotatably mounted at the bottom of the recovery box, a treatment box fixedly mounted at the upper end of the recovery shaft, treatment holes symmetrically formed in the side wall of the treatment box, and a rotating mechanism arranged at the bottom of the recovery box. Partition plates are symmetrically and fixedly installed in the treatment box, a compaction plate is horizontally and slidably arranged in the area between the partition plates and the side wall of the treatment box, a compaction mechanism is arranged in the area between the two partition plates, an extrusion plate is vertically and slidably arranged in the area between the partition plates and the side wall of the treatment box, and an aeration pipe is installed at the bottom of the extrusion plate. A fermentation mechanism is arranged on one side of the non-treatment hole in the outer wall of the recycling box, and an extrusion mechanism is further arranged at the top of the recycling box. According to the donkey excrement recycling device, the donkey excrement in the treatment box can be subjected to centrifugal urine removal in a reciprocating rotation mode, separation of urine in the donkey excrement is further ensured under cooperation of the compaction mechanism, and the recycling quality of the donkey excrement is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of donkey breeding, in particular to a donkey dung processing and recovery device for meat donkey breeding. Background Art

[0002] Donkeys are gentle, tolerant, long-lived, and small in appetite. They are used as medicine, tonic, and food. People have highly praised donkey meat since ancient times. In addition, donkey skin is the main raw material for making donkey-hide gelatin. It can be said that donkey meat is full of treasures. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for donkey products such as donkey meat and donkey skin has continued to increase. Donkey meat breeding has a good prospect. Donkey meat breeding is a way to get rich that is worth promoting. Donkey meat is full of treasures.

[0003] Donkey dung also has many uses, especially in donkey farms. Donkey farms are generally involved in fruit and vegetable planting, and crop planting to provide food for donkeys. Donkey dung is used as crop compost. When using compost, due to the different requirements of organic fertilizers for different crops, direct composting with donkey dung will make the donkey dung difficult to decompose, and the absorption effect is limited, and it cannot achieve good results. In addition, it is not convenient for long-term storage in the later stage.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a donkey dung processing and recovery device for meat donkey breeding, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A donkey dung processing and recycling device for donkey meat breeding comprises a recycling box, a recycling shaft is rotatably installed at the bottom of the recycling box, a processing box is fixedly installed at the upper end of the recycling shaft, a plurality of processing holes are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the processing box, a rotating mechanism for driving the processing box to rotate is arranged at the bottom of the recycling box, a partition is symmetrically fixedly installed inside the processing box, a compaction plate is horizontally slidably arranged in the area between the partition and the side wall of the processing box, a compaction mechanism for driving the compaction plate to move is arranged in the area between the two partitions, an extrusion plate is vertically slidably arranged in the area between the partition and the side wall of the processing box, an aeration pipe is installed at the bottom of the extrusion plate, a fermentation mechanism for introducing air into the aeration pipe is arranged on the side of the outer wall of the recycling box that is not the processing hole, and an extrusion mechanism for driving the extrusion plate to move is also arranged at the top of the recycling box.

[0008] As an improved solution of the present invention: the rotating mechanism includes a rotating gear fixed at the bottom of the recovery shaft, a rotating rack is meshingly installed on the outer side of the rotating gear, a close-fitting frame is arranged between the rotating rack and the rotating gear, and the close-fitting frame is rotatably installed on the recovery shaft. The rotating mechanism also includes a rotating assembly.

[0009] As an improved solution of the present invention: The rotating assembly includes a motor frame fixedly installed at the bottom of the recycling box. A rotating motor is fixedly installed on the motor frame. The output end of the rotating motor is connected to a rotating disk, and a rotating rack is hingedly installed at the end of the rotating disk.

[0010] As an improved solution of the present invention: The extrusion mechanism includes an extrusion shaft slidably installed vertically at the top of the processing box. The bottom of the extrusion shaft is fixed at the upper surface position of the extrusion plate. A limiting plate is fixedly installed at the top of the extrusion shaft. An extrusion spring is sleeved outside the extrusion shaft between the limiting plate and the top wall of the processing box. A fixing plate is also installed at the top of the processing box. An extrusion cylinder is installed on the fixing plate. The output end of the extrusion cylinder is connected to a telescopic shaft, and the telescopic shaft is fixed at the upper surface position of the limiting plate.

[0011] As an improved solution of the present invention: The compaction mechanism includes a compaction shaft rotatably installed at a non-treatment hole position on the side wall of the processing box. A compaction gear is fixedly installed on the compaction shaft. Compaction racks are symmetrically meshed outside the compaction gear. One end of each compaction rack is slidably installed on the partition through a guide block, and the other end passes through the partition and is fixedly installed on the partition. The compaction mechanism further includes a rotating assembly.

[0012] As an improved solution of the present invention: The rotating assembly includes a rotating gear ring fixedly installed at the side wall position of the recycling box and a rotating gear fixedly installed at the end of the compaction shaft. The rotating gear meshes with the rotating gear ring.

[0013] As an improved solution of the present invention: The fermentation mechanism includes a fermentation box fixed to the outer wall of the processing box. The fermentation box is connected and installed with a gas guide box through a fermentation pipe. The gas guide box is connected and installed with a gas distribution valve through a gas guide pipe. The gas distribution valve is connected and installed on an aeration pipe through a hose. The fermentation mechanism further includes a gas guiding assembly. Check valves are respectively installed inside the gas guide pipe and the fermentation pipe.

[0014] As an improved solution of the present invention: The gas guiding assembly includes a special-shaped wheel fixed at one end of the compaction shaft away from the compaction gear. A special-shaped groove is provided inside the special-shaped wheel. The ends of the special-shaped wheel are fixedly arranged through a connecting plate. A guiding column is slidably installed inside the special-shaped groove. A gas pressing frame is fixedly installed at the end of the guiding column. A gas pressing plug slidably installed inside the gas guide box is fixedly installed at the bottom of the gas pressing frame.

[0015] As an improved solution of the present invention: Recycling ports are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the recycling box. A treatment port is arranged at the bottom of the processing box corresponding to the recycling port position. A sealing plate is hingedly installed on the side wall of the treatment port through a torsion spring.

[0016] As an improved solution of the present invention: Support legs are fixedly installed at the four corners of the bottom of the recycling box.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. Through the mutual cooperation between the rotating mechanism and the treatment box, the donkey manure located inside the treatment box can be subjected to centrifugal urine removal with clockwise and counterclockwise reciprocating rotation, and with the cooperation of the compaction mechanism, the separation of urine in the donkey manure is further ensured, greatly improving the recovery quality of the donkey manure;

[0019] 2. Through the mutual cooperation of the extrusion mechanism and the fermentation mechanism, on the one hand, the purpose of separating the compacted donkey manure is achieved, ensuring the long-term storage of the solid components in the manure, and on the other hand, the self-fermentation of the manure is also ensured, further guaranteeing the manure recovery quality;

[0020] 3. Regarding the rotating mechanism, it not only drives the self-rotation of the treatment box, but also drives the synchronous operation of the compaction mechanism and the fermentation mechanism, further reducing the operation cost of the treatment and recovery device, with strong practicability and high reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is the overall front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is the overall bottom view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is the partial front view structural schematic diagram of the treatment box in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is the partial side view structural schematic diagram of the treatment box in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the top view installation structural schematic diagram of the treatment box in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is the partial sectional internal structural schematic diagram of the treatment box in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is the internal bottom view structural schematic diagram of the treatment box in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 It is the internal half-sectional structural schematic diagram of the treatment box in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 It is the structural schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism in the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Recycling bin; 2. Support leg; 3. Fixed plate; 4. Extrusion cylinder; 5. Telescopic shaft; 6. Limiting plate; 7. Extrusion shaft; 8. Extrusion spring; 9. Processing box; 10. Air guide pipe; 11. Air distribution valve; 12. Hose; 13. Recycling port; 14. Rotating motor; 15. Rotating gear ring; 16. Fermentation box; 17. Air guide box; 18. Fermentation pipe; 19. Processing hole; 20. Compacting shaft; 21. Rotating gear; 22. Partition board; 23. Compacting plate; 24. Special-shaped wheel; 25. Air pressure frame; 26. Guide post; 27. Extrusion plate; 28. Aeration pipe; 29. Processing port; 30. Sealing plate; 31. Recycling shaft; 32. Guide block; 33. Compacting rack; 34. Compacting gear; 35. Air pressure plug; 36. Connecting plate; 37. Motor frame; 38. Rotating disk; 39. Rotating rack; 40. Rotating gear; 41. Close-fitting frame. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0034] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] See also Figures 1 to 9 In an embodiment of the present invention, a donkey dung processing and recovery device for meat donkey breeding includes a recovery box 1, a recovery shaft 31 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the recovery box 1, a treatment box 9 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the recovery shaft 31, and a plurality of treatment holes 19 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the treatment box 9 for effectively separating urine from donkey dung, a rotating mechanism for driving the treatment box 9 to rotate is arranged at the bottom of the recovery box 1, a partition 22 is symmetrically fixedly installed inside the treatment box 9, a compacting plate 23 is horizontally slidably arranged in the area between the partition 22 and the side wall of the treatment box 9, a compacting mechanism for driving the compacting plate 23 to move is arranged in the area between the two partitions 22, and is used to horizontally squeeze the donkey dung, an extrusion plate 27 is vertically slidably arranged in the area between the partition 22 and the side wall of the treatment box 9, an aeration pipe 28 is installed at the bottom of the extrusion plate 27, and an extrusion mechanism for driving the extrusion plate 27 to move is also arranged at the top position of the recovery box 1, and is used to squeeze the donkey meat dung in a vertical position.

[0037] In one case of this embodiment, the rotating mechanism includes a rotating gear 40 fixed at the bottom of the recovery shaft 31, a rotating rack 39 is meshingly installed on the outer side of the rotating gear 40, a close-fitting frame 41 is arranged between the rotating rack 39 and the rotating gear 40, and the close-fitting frame 41 is rotatably installed on the recovery shaft 31, and the rotating mechanism also includes a rotating component.

[0038] The rotating assembly includes a motor frame 37 fixedly mounted on the bottom of the recovery box 1, a rotating motor 14 is fixedly mounted on the motor frame 37, an output end of the rotating motor 14 is connected to a rotating disk 38, and a rotating rack 39 is hingedly mounted on the end of the rotating disk 38.

[0039] The working principle of the above-mentioned rotating mechanism is: start the rotating motor 14 to directly drive the rotating disk 38 to rotate, and then under the limiting and guiding action of the close-fitting frame 41, the rotating rack 39 will always be engaged with the rotating gear 40, and finally drive the recovery shaft 31 to reciprocate and rotate, thereby ensuring the rotation movement of the processing box 9.

[0040] In order to further ensure the effective discharge of the extruded fecal mass, thereby improving the recovery quality of feces, in this embodiment, the extrusion mechanism includes an extrusion shaft 7 vertically and slidably installed at the top of the treatment box 9. The bottom of the extrusion shaft 7 is fixed on the upper surface of the extrusion plate 27. A limiting plate 6 is fixedly installed at the top of the extrusion shaft 7. An extrusion spring 8 is sleeved on the outer side of the extrusion shaft 7 between the limiting plate 6 and the top wall of the treatment box 9. A fixing plate 3 is also installed at the top of the treatment box 9. An extrusion cylinder 4 is installed on the fixing plate 3. The output end of the extrusion cylinder 4 is connected with a telescopic shaft 5, and the telescopic shaft 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the limiting plate 6. Starting the extrusion cylinder 4 directly drives the telescopic shaft 5 to expand and contract downward. Then, under the action of the limiting plate 6, the extrusion plate 27 moves downward along the inside of the treatment box 9, thereby effectively discharging the fecal mass processed by the compaction mechanism. At the same time, it can also ensure the re-dehydration of the urine in the fecal mass.

[0041] In the preferred case of this embodiment, the compaction mechanism includes a compaction shaft 20 rotatably installed at a non-treatment hole 19 position on the side wall of the treatment box 9. A compaction gear 34 is fixedly installed on the compaction shaft 20. Compaction racks 33 are symmetrically meshed on the outside of the compaction gear 34. One end of the compaction rack 33 is slidably installed on the partition plate 22 through a guide block 32, and the other end passes through the partition plate 22 and is fixedly installed on the partition plate 22. The compaction mechanism further includes a rotating assembly.

[0042] Among them, the rotating assembly includes a rotating gear ring 15 fixedly installed at a position on the side wall of the recovery box 1 and a rotating gear 21 fixedly installed at the end of the compaction shaft 20. The rotating gear 21 meshes with the rotating gear ring 15.

[0043] During the self-rotation movement of the treatment box 9, the rotating gear 21 and the rotating gear ring 15 will engage in a meshing movement. Eventually, the rotating gear 21 drives the compaction shaft 20 to generate a reciprocating self-rotation movement, and then the compaction gear 34 rotates synchronously. After that, under the action of the compaction rack 33, the compaction plate 23 performs a horizontal extrusion action on the feces located inside the treatment box 9, thereby ensuring the effective separation of the urine in the feces.

[0044] In addition, in order to realize the effective discharge of the fecal mass after urine separation, recovery ports 13 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the recovery box 1. A treatment port 29 is arranged at the bottom of the treatment box 9 corresponding to the position of the recovery ports 13. A sealing plate 30 is hinged on the side wall of the treatment port 29 through a torsion spring. When the aeration pipe 28 moves downward along with the extrusion plate 27, it will abut against the sealing plate 30, thereby opening the sealing plate 30. Then, the fecal mass passes through the treatment port 29 and enters the position of the recovery ports 13 for final discharge.

[0045] In addition, in order to effectively support the entire device, support legs 2 are fixedly installed at the four corners of the bottom of the recovery box 1.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] In order to further ensure the fertilization quality of the fecal mass, the present invention also provides another embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that a fermentation mechanism for introducing air into the aeration pipe 28 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the recovery box 1 away from the non-treatment hole 19.

[0048] The fermentation mechanism includes a fermentation box 16 fixed to the outer wall of the treatment box 9. The fermentation box 16 is connected and installed with a gas guide box 17 through a fermentation pipe 18. The gas guide box 17 is connected and installed with a gas distribution valve 11 through a gas guide pipe 10. The gas distribution valve 11 is connected and installed on the aeration pipe 28 through a hose 12. The fermentation mechanism also includes a gas guide component, and check valves are respectively installed inside the gas guide pipe 10 and the fermentation pipe 18.

[0049] Among them, the gas guide component includes a special-shaped wheel 24 fixed to one end of the compaction shaft 20 away from the compaction gear 34. A special-shaped groove is provided inside the special-shaped wheel 24. The ends of the special-shaped wheel 24 are fixedly arranged with each other through a connecting plate 36. A guide post 26 is slidably installed inside the special-shaped groove. A gas compression frame 25 is fixedly installed at the end of the guide post 26. A gas compression plug 35 that is slidably arranged inside the gas guide box 17 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the gas compression frame 25.

[0050] During the rotation of the compaction shaft 20, the special-shaped wheel 24 will be driven to rotate synchronously. Then, under the cooperation of the special-shaped groove and the guide post 26, the gas compression frame 25 drives the gas compression plug 35 to reciprocate up and down, and then the gas with bacteria inside the fermentation box 16 is introduced into the fecal mass through the aeration pipe 28 for fermentation, greatly ensuring the reliability of the recovery device.

[0051] In summary: First, the donkey feces are introduced into the treatment box 9. Then, the rotary motor 14 is started. Then, under the action of the rotation mechanism, on the one hand, the treatment box 9 is driven to rotate reciprocally, realizing the first separation of urine. On the other hand, under the action of the compaction mechanism and the aeration mechanism, the fecal mass is subjected to primary extrusion and secondary urine separation, and at the same time, the feces are aerated and fermented. Then, the rotary motor 14 is turned off, and it is ensured that the treatment port 29 moves to the corresponding vertical position of the recovery port 13. Then, the extrusion cylinder 4 is started. Then, under the action of the extrusion mechanism, the feces are subjected to tertiary urine separation. When the aeration pipe 28 moves downward and abuts against the sealing plate 30 during the operation of the extrusion mechanism, the sealing plate 30 will be opened, and then under the action of the extrusion plate 27, the feces are discharged to the outside of the recovery box 1. The treatment and recovery operation of the whole donkey feces is simple, convenient and fast.

[0052] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding, comprising a recovery box (1), characterized in that: A recovery shaft (31) is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the recovery box (1), a processing box (9) is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the recovery shaft (31), a side wall of the processing box (9) is symmetrically provided with a plurality of processing holes (19), a rotating mechanism for driving the processing box (9) to rotate is provided at the bottom of the recovery box (1), a partition (22) is symmetrically fixedly mounted inside the processing box (9), a compacting plate (23) is horizontally slidably arranged in the area between the partition (22) and the side wall of the processing box (9), and the two partitions (2 A compacting mechanism for driving a compacting plate (23) to move is arranged in the area between the partition (22) and the side wall of the treatment box (9), an extrusion plate (27) is vertically slidably arranged in the area between the partition (22) and the side wall of the treatment box (9), an aeration pipe (28) is installed at the bottom of the extrusion plate (27), a fermentation mechanism for introducing air into the aeration pipe (28) is arranged on the side of the outer wall of the recovery box (1) other than the treatment hole (19), and an extrusion mechanism for driving the extrusion plate (27) to move is also arranged at the top of the recovery box (1).

2. A donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism comprises a rotating gear (40) fixed at the bottom of the recovery shaft (31), a rotating rack (39) is meshedly mounted on the outer side of the rotating gear (40), a close-fitting frame (41) is arranged between the rotating rack (39) and the rotating gear (40), and the close-fitting frame (41) is rotatably mounted on the recovery shaft (31), and the rotating mechanism also comprises a rotating assembly.

3. A donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating assembly comprises a motor frame (37) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the recovery box (1), a rotating motor (14) fixedly mounted on the motor frame (37), an output end of the rotating motor (14) connected to a rotating disk (38), and a rotating rack (39) hingedly mounted on the end of the rotating disk (38).

4. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion shaft (7) vertically slidably mounted at the top of a processing box (9); the bottom of the extrusion shaft (7) is fixed to the upper surface of an extrusion plate (27); a limit plate (6) is fixedly mounted on the top of the extrusion shaft (7); an extrusion spring (8) is sleeved and mounted on the outer side of the extrusion shaft (7) between the limit plate (6) and the top wall of the processing box (9); a fixed plate (3) is also mounted on the top of the processing box (9); an extrusion cylinder (4) is mounted on the fixed plate (3); the output end of the extrusion cylinder (4) is connected to a telescopic shaft (5); and the telescopic shaft (5) is fixed to the upper surface of the limit plate (6).

5. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The compacting mechanism comprises a compacting shaft (20) rotatably mounted at a position of a non-processing hole (19) on the side wall of a processing box (9), a compacting gear (34) being fixedly mounted on the compacting shaft (20), compacting racks (33) being axially symmetrically mounted on the outer sides of the compacting gears (34), one end of the compacting rack (33) being slidably mounted on the partition (22) through a guide block (32), and the other end of the compacting rack (33) being fixedly mounted on the partition (22) through the partition (22), and the compacting mechanism also comprises a rotating assembly.

6. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The rotating assembly comprises a rotating gear ring (15) fixedly mounted on the side wall of the recovery box (1) and a rotating gear (21) fixedly mounted on the end of the compacting shaft (20), wherein the rotating gear (21) and the rotating gear ring (15) are meshed with each other.

7. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The fermentation mechanism comprises a fermentation box (16) fixed on the outer wall of the treatment box (9); the fermentation box (16) is connected to an air guide box (17) via a fermentation pipe (18); the air guide box (17) is connected to an air separation valve (11) via an air guide pipe (10); the air separation valve (11) is connected to an aeration pipe (28) via a hose (12); the fermentation mechanism further comprises an air guide component; one-way valves are respectively installed inside the air guide pipe (10) and the fermentation pipe (18).

8. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The air guide assembly comprises a special-shaped wheel (24) fixed to one end of the compaction shaft (20) away from the compaction gear (34), a special-shaped groove is arranged inside the special-shaped wheel (24), the end positions of the special-shaped wheel (24) are fixed to each other through a connecting plate (36), a guide column (26) is slidably installed inside the special-shaped groove, a compressed air frame (25) is fixedly installed at the end of the guide column (26), and a compressed air plug (35) slidably arranged inside the air guide box (17) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the compressed air frame (25).

9. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the recovery box (1) is symmetrically provided with a recovery port (13), the bottom of the treatment box (9) is provided with a treatment port (29) at a position corresponding to the recovery port (13), and a sealing plate (30) is hingedly mounted on the side wall of the treatment port (29) via a torsion spring.

10. The donkey dung processing and recovery device for donkey meat breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support legs (2) are fixedly mounted at the four corners of the bottom of the recovery box (1).

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