Downhole precise positioning and transposition tool and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground precise positioning and transposition tool and a using method. The tool comprises a transposition center system, a positioning center system and a positioning assembly. Wherein the upper part of the transposition center system is connected with an oil pipe, and the lower part is sequentially connected with the guider and the windowing tool; the positioning center system is sleeved outside the transposition center system; the positioning assembly is sleeved outside the positioning center system; the positioning center system is used for axially moving relative to the positioning assembly in the lifting and lowering process, so that the tool is positioned and suspended; the transposition center system is used for axially moving relative to the positioning center system in the lifting and lowering process after the positioning assembly is positioned and hung. The device is simple and compact in structure and convenient to use. The guide device effectively solves the problem that in the radial horizontal drilling technology, accurate butt joint between a guide device rail outlet and a casing windowing window cannot be achieved after casing windowing is conducted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of logging and drilling and completion in the oil and gas industry, and particularly relates to a downhole precise positioning and position-changing tool and a using method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, most oil fields have entered the middle and late stages of development, and the number of old wells and depleted wells is increasing continuously. Some reservoirs also belong to low-permeability, heavy oil, thin oil layers, and fractured oil and gas reservoirs. For low-yield and low-permeability tight oil layers, when using conventional perforation methods to uncover oil and gas reservoirs, due to short penetration distances and near-wellbore pollution, etc., it is often impossible to accurately identify parameters such as reservoir pressure and fluid properties. The development of old oil fields also faces problems such as high injection pressure and low recovery rate of marginal wells. The radial horizontal drilling technology is an extended technology of sidetracking small-diameter wells, which can use special downhole tools to achieve steering inside the casing, drill radial and radial horizontal wellbores in the reservoir, can significantly increase the reservoir oil drainage area, improve the seepage performance of low-permeability oil layers, relieve near-wellbore pollution, and increase the single-well production capacity.

[0003] The on-site construction process of the radial horizontal drilling technology mainly includes: running the tool, anchoring and positioning and depth calibration, casing window cutting, position changing, and formation drilling. Among them, the positioning and position-changing tools are one of the core tools of the radial horizontal drilling technology. The positioning tool has various positioning methods such as mechanical positioning and hydraulic positioning, and can better achieve the anchoring and positioning of the drilling string. In terms of the position-changing tool, it includes a mechanical length-adjusting type position-changing tool, an electric control type position-changing tool, etc. The mechanical length-adjusting type position-changing tool realizes position change by adding or subtracting a certain length of length-adjusting short joints, but this position-changing tool is too rough and cannot achieve precise docking between the track outlet and the casing window; the electric control type position-changing tool realizes the elongation and shortening of the tool through program software. Although it can achieve precise docking between the track outlet and the casing window, the tool structure is complex and involves electric control, the cost of the tool is greatly increased, the safety is greatly reduced, and the layout of the electric control lines and other tools interfere with each other, and the use is limited. Therefore, a position-changing tool with stronger functionality, economy, and safety is needed, and it is combined with the positioning tool to assist in completing the radial horizontal drilling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a downhole precise positioning and position-changing tool and a using method thereof that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a downhole precise positioning and position-changing tool, including:

[0006] A position-changing center system, a positioning center system, and a positioning component; wherein:

[0007] The said center displacement system successively includes an upper joint, an upper center rod, a connecting coupling, a lower center rod and a lower joint from top to bottom. The upper part of the center displacement system is used to connect the tubing, and the lower part is used to successively connect a guide and a windowing tool;

[0008] The said center positioning system successively includes a limit ring, a limit cylinder, a limit joint, a cone, a center positioning tube and a fixing sleeve from top to bottom. The center positioning system is sleeved outside the center displacement system;

[0009] The said positioning assembly successively includes a slip, a slip seat, a centralizing assembly and a limit sleeve from top to bottom. The positioning assembly is sleeved outside the center positioning system;

[0010] The center positioning system is used to axially move relative to the positioning assembly during the up-and-down movement, so as to position and suspend the tool;

[0011] After the positioning assembly is positioned and suspended by the center displacement system, the center displacement system is used to axially move relative to the center positioning system during the up-and-down movement.

[0012] In one embodiment, in the center displacement system, the upper joint, the upper center rod, the connecting coupling, the lower center rod and the lower joint are successively connected by threads;

[0013] And sealing rings are respectively arranged between the upper joint, the upper center rod, the connecting coupling, the lower center rod and the lower joint.

[0014] In one embodiment, in the center positioning system, the limit ring, the limit cylinder, the limit joint, the cone, the center positioning tube and the fixing sleeve are successively connected by threads.

[0015] In one embodiment, the centralizing assembly includes: a centralizing seat and a centralizing block;

[0016] In the positioning assembly, the lower end of the slip is installed in the installation groove of the slip seat;

[0017] The upper and lower ends of the centralizing seat are respectively connected to the slip seat and the limit sleeve by threads;

[0018] The upper and lower ends of the centralizing seat are respectively located in the slip seat and the limit sleeve;

[0019] The centralizing block is installed in the first limit space formed by the slip seat, the centralizing seat and the limit sleeve;

[0020] A centralizing spring is arranged between the centralizing block and the centralizing seat.

[0021] In one embodiment, a plurality of positioning track grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the center positioning tube;

[0022] The positioning assembly further includes: a positioning slip ring and a positioning pin;

[0023] The main body of the positioning pin is installed in the radial positioning hole of the positioning slip ring, and the end of the positioning pin is located in the positioning track groove;

[0024] The positioning pin and the positioning slip ring are installed in the second limiting space formed by the centralizing seat, the limiting sleeve and the positioning central tube, and the positioning pin and the positioning slip ring can rotate circumferentially.

[0025] In one embodiment, the positioning track groove includes: an upper positioning track groove and a lower positioning track groove;

[0026] The upper positioning track groove includes a first inclined surface guiding section and a first vertical section;

[0027] The plurality of upper positioning track grooves include a plurality of upper positioning short grooves and a plurality of upper positioning long grooves, and the length of the first vertical section of the upper positioning long groove is greater than the length of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short groove;

[0028] The upper positioning short grooves and the upper positioning long grooves are arranged alternately.

[0029] In one embodiment, the lower positioning track groove includes a second inclined surface guiding section and a second vertical section;

[0030] The lower positioning track groove includes a second inclined surface guiding section, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the first inclined surface guiding section of the upper positioning track groove at the corresponding position.

[0031] In one embodiment, when the positioning pin is located in the upper positioning short groove and the upper positioning long groove, the cone is located in the slip joint;

[0032] When the positioning pin is located in the lower positioning track groove, the cone is separated from the slip joint.

[0033] In one embodiment, a transposition track groove is provided on the outer surface of the lower central rod, and the positioning center system further includes: a transposition slip ring and a transposition pin;

[0034] The main body of the transposition pin is installed in the radial transposition hole of the transposition slip ring, and the end of the transposition pin is located in the transposition track groove;

[0035] The transposition slip ring and the transposition pin are installed in the third limiting space formed by the limiting cylinder, the limiting joint and the lower central rod, and the transposition pin and the transposition slip ring can rotate circumferentially.

[0036] In one embodiment, the transposition track groove includes an upper transposition track groove and a lower transposition track groove;

[0037] The upper transposition track groove includes a third inclined surface guiding section and a third vertical section;

[0038] The multiple upper transposition track grooves include multiple upper transposition short grooves and multiple upper transposition long grooves, and the length of the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove is greater than the length of the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove;

[0039] The upper transposition short grooves and the upper transposition long grooves are arranged alternately.

[0040] In one embodiment, the lower transposition track groove includes a fourth inclined surface guiding section and a fourth vertical section;

[0041] The lower transposition track groove includes a fourth inclined surface guiding section, and the inclination direction of the fourth inclined surface guiding section is opposite to that of the third inclined surface guiding section of the upper transposition track groove at the corresponding position.

[0042] In one embodiment, a limiting block is welded on the surface of the lower central rod;

[0043] The limiting block is located above the upper transposition short groove and is on the same straight line as the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove.

[0044] In one embodiment, axially penetrating grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the transposition slip ring. The central connection line of the axially penetrating grooves is perpendicular to the central connection line of the radial transposition holes in the middle radial section, so that during the up-and-down movement of the tool, the limiting block passes through the axially penetrating grooves.

[0045] In one embodiment, an adjusting ring is fixed on the surface of the lower central rod through a first fixing pin;

[0046] The adjusting ring is located below the connecting collar and is connected to the surface of the lower central rod through a thread pair;

[0047] The adjusting ring is located above the upper transposition long groove and is on the same straight line as the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove;

[0048] The distance between the lower end surface of the adjusting ring and the lower end surface of the limiting block is equal to the designed distance between the outlet of the guide rail and the window of the casing window opening.

[0049] In one embodiment, when the lower surface of the limiting block contacts the upper surface of the transposition slip ring, the transposition pin is located in the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove;

[0050] When the lower surface of the adjusting ring contacts the upper surface of the transposition slip ring, the transposition pin is located in the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove.

[0051] In one embodiment, the outer surface of the lower center rod is further provided with an anti-rotation groove; the center positioning system further comprises: a second fixing pin;

[0052] The second fixing pin is threadedly connected to the fixing sleeve, and the end of the fixing pin is located in the anti-rotation groove.

[0053] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for positioning and transposition using the aforementioned downhole precise positioning and transposition tool, comprising:

[0054] Use the oil pipe to lower the tool to the designed position, lift and lower the pipe string, and position and hang the tool;

[0055] After the tool is positioned and suspended, the first wellhead hanging weight of the pipe string at a preset position from the wellhead is recorded; the pipe string is lifted up and lowered again, and the second wellhead hanging weight of the pipe string at the same preset position is recorded;

[0056] The first wellhead hanging weight and the second wellhead hanging weight are compared. If the first wellhead hanging weight is greater than the second wellhead hanging weight, the pipe string is lifted and lowered again to replace the position.

[0057] In one embodiment, lifting and lowering the pipe string and positioning and hanging the tool include:

[0058] During the positioning and hanging process of the tool, observe whether the sealing tonnage meets the preset requirements. If not, lift up the pipe string to release the sealing, and then lower the pipe string. After multiple lifting and lowering, the sealing tonnage meets the requirements after the pipe string is lowered.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0060] An embodiment of the present invention provides an underground precise positioning and transposition tool and a method of use, which integrates a transposition center system, a positioning center system and a positioning component into the above-mentioned positioning and transposition tool. By simply lifting and lowering the pipe string, the positioning and transposition of the above-mentioned positioning and transposition tool can be achieved, which effectively solves the problem that after the casing window is opened, the guide track outlet and the casing window cannot be accurately connected, and the formation drilling cannot be achieved. The embodiment of the present invention has a simple and compact structure and is easy to use. It is a purely mechanical structure, which is cheaper and more reliable than the electrically controlled tool. The embodiment of the present invention not only ensures the smooth implementation of the radial horizontal drilling process, but also lays a foundation for the further promotion and application of the radial horizontal drilling technology.

[0061] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0063] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an underground precise positioning and position-changing tool in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the position-changing process in the radial horizontal drilling construction process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a slip in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a slip seat in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the middle cross-section of a centralizer seat in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the middle cross-section of a positioning slip ring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of a positioning track groove in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of a position-changing track groove in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the middle cross-section of a position-changing slip ring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the middle cross-section of a limit block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 11 It is a flow chart of the usage method of using an underground precise positioning and position-changing tool in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0075] 1 - upper joint; 2 - upper central rod; 3 - buffer spring; 4 - limit ring; 5 - limit cylinder; 6 - connecting collar; 7 - lower central rod; 8 - adjusting ring; 9 - first fixing pin; 10 - limit block; 11 - limit joint; 12 - position-changing slip ring; 13 - position-changing pin; 14 - cone; 15 - positioning central tube;

[0076] 16 - slip; 17 - tension spring; 18 - slip seat; 19 - centralizer seat; 20 - centralizer block; 21 - centralizer spring; 22 - limit sleeve; 23 - positioning slip ring; 24 - positioning pin; 25 - fixing sleeve; 26 - second fixing pin; 27 - lower joint;

[0077] 28 - First sealing ring 29 - Second sealing ring 30 - Third sealing ring 31 - Fourth sealing ring;

[0078] 32 - Guide 33 - Window - opening tool 34 - Guide track 35 - Track exit 36 - Casing window - opening window. Detailed implementation mode

[0079] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0080] An embodiment of the present invention provides a downhole precise positioning and position - changing tool. Referring to Figure 1 as shown, it includes:

[0081] A position - changing center system, a positioning center system, and a positioning component; where:

[0082] The position - changing center system sequentially includes an upper sub 1, an upper center rod 2, a connecting collar 6, a lower center rod 7, and a lower sub 27 from top to bottom. The upper part of the position - changing center system is used to connect the tubing, and the lower part is used to sequentially connect a guide 32 and a window - opening tool 33;

[0083] The positioning center system sequentially includes a limit ring 4, a limit cylinder 5, a limit joint 11, a cone 14, a positioning center tube 15, and a fixing sleeve 25 from top to bottom. The positioning center system is sleeved outside the position - changing center system;

[0084] The positioning component sequentially includes a slip 16, a slip seat 18, a centralizing component, and a limit sleeve 22 from top to bottom. The positioning component is sleeved outside the positioning center system;

[0085] The positioning center system is used to axially move relative to the positioning component during the up - and - down movement, so that the tool is positioned and suspended;

[0086] After the positioning component is positioned and suspended, the position - changing center system is used to axially move relative to the positioning center system during the up - and - down movement.

[0087] When the radial horizontal drilling technology is applied currently, the main construction process includes:

[0088] (1) Use the tubing to lower the guide 32 and the window - opening tool 33 to the designed depth in the well.

[0089] (2) Anchor positioning and depth calibration to ensure accurate and stable drilling positions, reduce the vibration of the drilling tool during drilling, and avoid displacement.

[0090] (3) Adjust the drilling position, lower the windowing tool set into the tubing, apply pressure to create a window, and drill a small hole with a diameter of about 30 mm in the casing.

[0091] (4) At the beginning, the track outlet 35 of the guiding track 34 in the guide 32 is located above the casing windowing opening 36. Lower the guide 32 to align the track outlet 35 with the casing windowing opening 36. The transposition process refers to Figure 2 As shown, the distance that the track outlet 35 needs to move downward during transposition is L.

[0092] (5) Lower the drilling tool into the tubing. The drilling tool enters the guiding track 34, enters the casing windowing opening 36 through the track outlet 35, and then applies pressure to drill into the formation to achieve radial drilling.

[0093] From the above construction process, it can be seen that the purpose of the downhole precise positioning and transposition tool provided by the embodiment of the present invention is that after the casing is windowed by the windowing tool 33, that is, in the above step (4), by lifting and lowering the positioning and transposition tool, the precise docking between the track outlet 35 of the guiding track 34 in the guide 32 and the casing windowing opening 36 is achieved, so as to smoothly complete the formation drilling work.

[0094] Next, the structures of the various components included in the downhole precise positioning and transposition tool of the embodiment of the present invention and the usage methods will be described separately.

[0095] In one embodiment, in the transposition center system, the upper joint 1, the upper center rod 2, the connecting collar 6, the lower center rod 7, and the lower joint 27 are sequentially connected by threads;

[0096] And sealing rings are respectively arranged between the upper joint 1, the upper center rod 2, the connecting collar 6, the lower center rod 7, and the lower joint 27. The purpose is to ensure that oil and gas do not leak during the radial drilling process of the drilling tool. Refer to Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned sealing rings include the first sealing ring 28, the second sealing ring 29, the third sealing ring 30, and the fourth sealing ring 31.

[0097] In one embodiment, in the positioning center system, the limit ring 4, the limit cylinder 5, the limit joint 11, the cone 14, the positioning center tube 15, and the fixed sleeve 25 are sequentially connected by threads.

[0098] The positioning center system is sleeved outside the transposition center system, and the two can perform relative axial movement within a certain range. A buffer spring 3 is sleeved on the upper center rod 2, which can play a buffering role in the relative axial movement of the two.

[0099] In one embodiment, the structure of the slip 16 in the positioning assembly is referred to Figure 3 as shown. The outer side of the A-A cross-section end is serrated and designed with grooves, so that the slip 16 has sufficient toughness; the inner side is arc-shaped when viewed from the side, and the contour line makes a certain angle with the horizontal when viewed from the front. The shape of the slip 16 matches the structure of the cone 14 in the positioning center system; the B-B cross-section is wedge-shaped and forms a T-shape with the arc end. This structural form enables the lower end of the slip 16 to be installed in the installation groove of the slip seat 18; the inner sides at the arc end, B-B cross-section and C-C cross-section of the slip 16 are arc-shaped, ensuring that the slip 16 can fit on the outer surface of the positioning center tube 15 in the positioning center system. In addition, a spring installation hole is machined at the junction of the outer surface and the side of the slip 16, as shown in the C-C cross-section structure diagram, for installing the spring 17, which plays a certain role in binding and restricting the movement of the slip 16.

[0100] In one embodiment, the slip seat 18 in the positioning assembly is provided with a slip installation groove, which is adapted to the structure of the slip 16 and also has a wedge-shaped and T-shaped structure, which can ensure the installation of the slip 16. The structure of the slip seat 18 is referred to Figure 4 as shown. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, three slip installation grooves are circumferentially arranged on the slip seat 18. Correspondingly, there are also three slips 16 installed above.

[0101] In one embodiment, the centralizing assembly in the positioning assembly includes a centralizing seat 19 and a centralizing block 20. The upper and lower ends of the centralizing seat 19 are respectively connected to the slip seat 18 and the limit sleeve 22 by threads;

[0102] The centralizing block 20 is installed in the first limiting space formed by the slip seat 18, the centralizing seat 19 and the limit sleeve 22.

[0103] For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the centralizing block 20 is generally strip-shaped, the outer surface is circumferentially arc-shaped, the inner surface is flat, and installation holes are provided in the axial direction. Correspondingly, the centralizing seat 19 is also provided with installation grooves in the axial direction. The middle cross-section of the centralizing seat 19 is referred to Figure 5 as shown. Four installation grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially in the middle of the centralizing seat 19, including the first installation groove, the second installation groove, the third installation groove and the fourth installation groove. Then the corresponding installation holes also include the first installation hole, the second installation hole, the third installation hole and the fourth installation hole.

[0104] In one embodiment, a centralizing spring 21 is arranged between the centralizing block 20 and the centralizing seat 19, referred to Figure 1 as shown. Three centralizing springs 21 are arranged in the axial direction in each installation hole of the centralizing block 20 and the corresponding installation groove of the centralizing seat 19.

[0105] The centralizing spring 21 is installed in a compressed state between the installation hole of the centralizing block 20 and the installation groove of the centralizing seat 19, and functions to support the centralizing block 20 outward. When there is no external force, the outer diameter of the pipe string at the position of the centralizing block 20 is greater than the inner diameter of the wellbore. After the tool is lowered into the well, the compression amount of the centralizing spring 21 increases, and the outer diameter at the centralizing block 20 decreases to be equal to the inner diameter of the wellbore. Due to the supporting force of the centralizing spring 21, the centralizing block 20 is in close contact with the inner wall of the wellbore and has a squeezing force on the inner wall of the wellbore.

[0106] Because the positioning assembly is sleeved on the positioning central tube 15 of the positioning central system, relative axial sliding can occur between the two. Due to the normal pressure of the centralizing block 20 on the inner wall of the wellbore, when the entire tool moves downward in the wellbore, a relatively large frictional force will be generated between the positioning assembly and the inner wall of the wellbore, resulting in the lag of the movement of the positioning assembly.

[0107] In one embodiment, a plurality of positioning track grooves are provided on the outer surface of the positioning central tube 15; the positioning assembly further includes a positioning sliding ring 23 and a positioning pin 24; the main body of the positioning pin 24 is installed in the radial positioning hole of the positioning sliding ring 23, and the end of the positioning pin 24 is located in the positioning track groove; the positioning pin 24 and the positioning sliding ring 23 are installed in the second limiting space formed by the centralizing seat 19, the limiting sleeve 22 and the positioning central tube 15, and the positioning pin 24 and the positioning sliding ring 23 can rotate circumferentially. In the embodiment of the present invention, the middle cross-section of the positioning sliding ring 23 is referred to Figure 6 as shown, and a radial positioning hole is provided in the middle cross-section of the positioning sliding ring 23.

[0108] In one embodiment, the positioning track groove includes: an upper positioning track groove and a lower positioning track groove; the upper positioning track groove includes a first inclined surface guiding section and a first vertical section; a plurality of upper positioning track grooves include a plurality of upper positioning short grooves and a plurality of upper positioning long grooves, and the length of the first vertical section of the upper positioning long groove is greater than the length of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short groove; the upper positioning short grooves and the upper positioning long grooves are arranged alternately.

[0109] In one embodiment, the lower positioning track groove includes a second inclined surface guiding section and a second vertical section; the lower positioning track groove includes a second inclined surface guiding section, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the first inclined surface guiding section of the upper positioning track groove at the corresponding position.

[0110] The unfolded structure of the positioning track groove is referred to Figure 7 as shown. For example, points A1 and E1 are the vertex positions of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short groove, points C1 and G1 are the vertex positions of the first vertical section of the upper positioning long groove, and points B1, D1, F1 and H1 are the vertex positions of the second vertical section of the lower positioning track groove. In the embodiment of the present invention, two upper positioning long grooves and two upper positioning short grooves, as well as four lower positioning track grooves are provided, but the specific numbers of the above-mentioned upper positioning short grooves and lower positioning track grooves are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] Since the main body of the positioning pin 24 is located in the positioning assembly, and the end of the positioning pin 24 is located in the positioning track groove of the positioning central tube 15, the positioning pin 24 can slide along the positioning track groove, and the positioning assembly can axially slide relative to the positioning central tube 15 along with the axial sliding of the positioning pin 24.

[0112] When the tool is lowered into the well, the positioning pin 24 needs to be ensured to be at the vertex position of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short groove. Assuming it is at point A1, then the state of the slip 16 and the positional relationship between the slip 16 and the cone 14 when the tool is lowered into the well are referred to Figure 1 As shown, the tool can be smoothly lowered into the well at this time. After the downhole precision positioning and replacement tool reaches the designed position, the tool is lifted again. Due to the hysteresis of the movement of the positioning assembly, the positioning assembly remains stationary temporarily. The positioning pin 24 moves relatively downward from the vertex position A1 of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short groove. Under the limiting action of the angular line a1, while the positioning slip ring 23 and the positioning pin 24 rotate circumferentially, the positioning pin 24 moves relatively downward to point B1. At this time, the slip 16 is completely separated from the cone 14; at this time, the tool is lowered again, and the positioning pin 24 moves relatively upward from point B1. Under the limiting action of the angular line b1, the positioning pin 24 also rotates circumferentially while gradually moving upward to the vertex C1 of the first vertical section of the upper positioning long groove. During this process, the cone 14 gradually moves towards the slip 16, and the lower end of the cone 14 enters the center of the slip 16. Due to the lower limit of the slip 16 and the upper end of the slip 16 being in a free state, under the action of the cone 14, the upper end of the slip 16 gradually opens outwards, contacts the inner wall of the wellbore and is clamped. The positioning and hanging of the tool are completed before the positioning pin 24 reaches the vertex C1 of the first vertical section of the upper positioning long groove, because if the cone 14 still moves into the slip 16 after the positioning pin 24 reaches point C1, it may cause excessive force on the end of the positioning pin 24 and damage it. Repeating the above steps, when the tool is lifted again, the positioning pin 24 will gradually move from point C1 to point D1. When it reaches point D1, the cone 14 is separated from the slip 16, and the slip 16 returns to its original state under the action of the tension spring 17. At this time, the positioning and hanging are released.

[0113] In one embodiment, a replacement track groove is also provided on the lower center rod 7. The positioning center system further includes: a replacement slip ring 12 and a replacement pin 13; the main body of the replacement pin 13 is installed in the radial replacement hole of the replacement slip ring 12, and the end of the replacement pin 13 is located in the replacement track groove; the replacement slip ring 12 and the replacement pin 13 are installed in the third limiting space formed by the limiting cylinder 5, the limiting joint 11 and the lower center rod 7, and the replacement slip ring 12 and the replacement pin 13 can rotate circumferentially.

[0114] In one embodiment, the transposition track groove includes an upper transposition track groove and a lower transposition track groove; the upper transposition track groove includes a third inclined surface guiding section and a third vertical section; the plurality of upper transposition track grooves include a plurality of upper transposition short grooves and a plurality of upper transposition long grooves, and the length of the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove is greater than the length of the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove; the upper transposition short grooves and the upper transposition long grooves are arranged alternately.

[0115] In one embodiment, the lower transposition track groove includes a fourth inclined surface guiding section and a fourth vertical section; the lower transposition track groove includes a fourth inclined surface guiding section, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the third inclined surface guiding section of the upper transposition track groove at the corresponding position. The structural shape of the transposition track groove is basically the same as that of the positioning track groove, but compared with the second vertical section of the lower positioning track groove, the fourth vertical section of the lower transposition track groove is longer. The unfolded structure of the transposition track groove refers to Figure 7 As shown, points A2 and E2 are the vertex positions of the third vertical sections of the upper transposition short grooves, points C2 and G2 are the vertex positions of the third vertical sections of the upper transposition long grooves, and points B2, D2, F2, and H2 are the vertex positions of the fourth vertical sections of the lower transposition track groove. In the embodiment of the present invention, two upper transposition long grooves, two upper transposition short grooves, and four lower transposition track grooves are provided.

[0116] In one embodiment, a limiting block 10 is welded on the surface of the lower central rod 7; the limiting block 10 is located above the upper transposition short groove and is on the same straight line as the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove. Refer to Figure 7 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the limiting block 10 can be arranged, for example, above points A2 and E2, and there are two in total.

[0117] In one embodiment, axially through grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the transposition slip ring 12, and the central connection line of the axially through grooves in the middle radial section is perpendicular to the central connection line of the radial transposition holes, so that during the up and down movement of the tool, the limiting block 10 can pass through the axially through grooves.

[0118] The middle section of the transposition slip ring 12 refers to Figure 9 As shown. The radial transposition holes in the transposition slip ring 12 are used to install the transposition pins 13. The two axially through grooves symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the transposition slip ring 12 can allow the limiting block 10 to pass through. The middle section of the limiting block 10 refers to Figure 10 As shown, the two limiting blocks 10 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the lower central rod 7. During the up and down movement of the transposition center system, when the transposition pin 13 slides into the upper transposition long groove, the limiting block 10 can simultaneously pass through the axially through grooves in the transposition slip ring 12.

[0119] In one embodiment, on the surface of the lower central rod 7, the adjusting ring 8 is located below the connecting collar 6, is connected to the surface of the lower central rod 7 through a thread pair, and the adjusting ring 8 is fixed by the first fixing pin 9; the adjusting ring 8 is located above the upper transposition long groove and is on the same straight line as the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove.

[0120] The distance between the lower end surface of the adjusting ring 8 and the lower end surface of the stop block 10 is equal to the designed distance between the track outlet 35 of the guide 32 and the casing window 36. Figure 8 As shown, the adjustment ring 8 is arranged above the point C2.

[0121] Because the main body of the transposition pin 13 is located in the transposition slip ring 12, and the end of the transposition pin 13 is located in the transposition track groove on the lower center tube 7, the transposition pin 13 can slide along the transposition track groove, and the positioning center system can slide axially on the lower center rod 7 relatively with the axial sliding of the transposition pin 13. After the positioning assembly and the positioning center system complete the positioning suspension, assuming that the transposition pin 13 is located at point A2 at this time, when the lower center rod 7 is lifted and lowered and reciprocated within a certain height range, the sliding track of the transposition pin 13 in the transposition track groove is: point A2→point B2→point C2→point D2→point E2→point F2→point G2→point H2→point A2.

[0122] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, during the lowering process of the transposition center system, when the transposition pin 13 just reaches or has not reached the A2 point and the E2 point while sliding in the transposition track groove, the lower surface of the limit block 10 contacts the upper surface of the transposition slip ring 12, and the limit block 10 falls on the upper position of the radial transposition hole of the transposition slip ring 12; when the transposition pin 13 just reaches or has not reached the C2 point and the G2 point while sliding in the transposition track groove, the lower surface of the adjustment ring 8 contacts the upper surface of the transposition slip ring 12, the limit block 10 passes through the axial through hole in the transposition slip ring 12, and the adjustment ring 8 falls on the upper position of the radial transposition hole of the transposition slip ring 12, and at this time it can be ensured that the end of the transposition pin 13 is not subjected to force, and during the lifting process of the transposition center system, since the transposition pin 13 is subjected to less force, the transposition pin 13 will not be damaged.

[0123] In one embodiment, an anti-rotation groove is further provided on the outer surface of the lower center rod 7; the center positioning system also includes: a second fixing pin 26; the second fixing pin 26 is threadedly connected to the fixing sleeve 25, and the end of the second fixing pin 26 is located in the anti-rotation groove.

[0124] For example, in the lower half of the lower center rod 7, two anti-rotation grooves are designed at an angle staggered with the transposition track groove. The upper end of the second fixing pin 26 is installed in the fixing sleeve 25 through a thread, and the lower end of the second fixing pin 26 is inserted in the anti-rotation groove, ensuring that the positioning center system can only perform axial movement relative to the transposition center system, and cannot undergo relative rotation.

[0125] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for using an underground precise positioning and transposition tool. Since the principle of this method is similar to that of the aforementioned underground precise positioning and transposition device, the implementation of this method can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned device, and the repeated parts will not be elaborated again.

[0126] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using an underground precise positioning and transposition tool as described above, referring to Figure 11 shown, including:

[0127] S101. Use the tubing to lower the tool to the designed position, lift and lower the tubing string, and position and suspend the positioning and transposition tool.

[0128] S102. After the tool is positioned and suspended, record the first wellhead hanging weight of the tubing string at a preset position from the wellhead; lift and lower the tubing string again, and record the second wellhead hanging weight of the tubing string at the same preset position.

[0129] S103. Compare the first wellhead hanging weight and the second wellhead hanging weight. If the first wellhead hanging weight is greater than the second wellhead hanging weight, lift and lower the tubing string again to transpose the tubing string.

[0130] In one embodiment, lifting and lowering the tubing string to position and suspend the tool includes:

[0131] During the process of positioning and suspending the tool, observe whether the setting tonnage meets the preset requirements. If not, lift the tubing string to release the seal, and then lower the tubing string. After multiple liftings and lowerings, until the setting tonnage meets the requirements after the tubing string is lowered.

[0132] The following combines the radial horizontal drilling construction process to elaborate in detail on the method for using the tool in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0133] (1) Debug the tool. Check the tool condition at the wellhead to ensure that the tool is firmly installed, flexible in movement, and slide the upper and lower positioning components. When the positioning component moves upward to the limit position, the positioning pin should be in the upper positioning short slot once and in the upper positioning long slot once, and the positioning pin reciprocates alternately in the upper positioning short slot and the upper positioning long slot. Correspondingly, the slips close and open. To ensure the smooth entry of the tool into the well, it should be ensured that the positioning pin is at the vertex position of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short slot, at which time the slips are in the closed state, and then the tool is lowered into the wellbore.

[0134] (2) Position the tool. Use the tubing to lower the tool to the designed position, lift and lower the tubing, change the positioning pin from the upper positioning short slot to the upper positioning long slot, open the slip, position and suspend the tubing, and hang it on the wellhead through the hanging card. Observe whether the setting tonnage is appropriate. If it is not appropriate, lift the tubing to release the seal, and then lower the tubing, that is, lift and lower the setting again, and repeat this process several times until the setting tonnage meets the requirements after the tubing is lowered. For example: in the specific implementation, when the setting tonnage needs to be increased, the setting height should be higher, and when the setting tonnage needs to be reduced, the setting height should be lower. Keep trying until the setting tonnage requirements are met.

[0135] (3) Reposition the tool. After the tool is positioned and suspended, the first wellhead hanging weight of the pipe string is recorded as F1. The pipe string is lifted up for a distance and then lowered. The transposition pin is replaced from the upper transposition short slot to the upper transposition long slot, or from the upper transposition long slot to the upper transposition short slot, and the second wellhead hanging weight F2 of the pipe string is recorded. When measuring and recording the wellhead hanging weight of the pipe string, in order to avoid errors, it is necessary to ensure that the top of the pipe string is at the same height position from the wellhead. In one embodiment, the distance between the top of the pipe string and the wellhead is selected to be 2cm-5cm. For example, 2cm can be selected, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. In addition, when lifting and lowering the pipe string, in order to ensure that the seal is not released (the slip is not separated from the cone), the pipe string can be lifted to the original hanging weight, and then lifted up to a height not exceeding the distance from the top of the third vertical section of the upper transposition short slot to the top of the third vertical section of the upper transposition long slot. During this process, you should try to do it, and you cannot lift it too high to avoid unsealing.

[0136] (4) Compare the first wellhead hanging weight with the second wellhead hanging weight. If F1>F2, the transposition pin is in the upper transposition short slot, and the guide track outlet of the guide is located at a distance L above the casing window. It is necessary to lift and lower the pipe string again; if F1<F2, the transposition pin is in the upper transposition long slot, and the guide track outlet is aligned with the casing window that has been opened on the casing.

[0137] (5) The micro drill bit and the flexible drill rod are passed through the track outlet of the guide track and the casing window to enter the formation for drilling. After the formation drilling is completed, the pipe string is lifted up to unseal. Then the length of the pipe string and the window angle are adjusted, and the operation of steps (1) to (4) is repeated again, and the pipe string is continuously lifted up and lowered to find the position of the casing window, and the tool is replaced accordingly until the drilling operation is completed for all the holes and the tool is removed.

[0138] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An underground precise positioning and position-changing tool, characterized in that, Comprising: A position-changing center system, a positioning center system, and a positioning component; wherein: The position-changing center system successively includes an upper joint, an upper center rod, a connecting collar, a lower center rod, and a lower joint from top to bottom. The upper part of the position-changing center system is used to connect the tubing, and the lower part is used to successively connect a guide and a windowing tool; The positioning center system successively includes a limit ring, a limit cylinder, a limit joint, a cone, a positioning center pipe, and a fixing sleeve from top to bottom. The positioning center system is sleeved outside the position-changing center system; The positioning component successively includes a slip, a slip seat, a centralizing component, and a limit sleeve from top to bottom. The positioning component is sleeved outside the positioning center system; The positioning center system is used to axially move relative to the positioning component during the up-and-down movement, so that the tool is positioned and suspended; The position-changing center system is used to axially move relative to the positioning center system during the up-and-down movement after the positioning component is positioned and suspended.

2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the position-changing center system, the upper joint, the upper center rod, the connecting collar, the lower center rod, and the lower joint are successively connected by threads; And sealing rings are respectively arranged between the upper joint, the upper center rod, the connecting collar, the lower center rod, and the lower joint.

3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the positioning center system, the limit ring, the limit cylinder, the limit joint, the cone, the positioning center pipe, and the fixing sleeve are successively connected by threads.

4. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centralizing component includes: a centralizing seat and a centralizing block; In the positioning component, the lower end of the slip is installed in the installation groove of the slip seat; The upper and lower ends of the centralizing seat are respectively connected to the slip seat and the limit sleeve by threads; The upper and lower ends of the centralizing seat are respectively located in the slip seat and the limit sleeve; The centralizing block is installed in the first limiting space formed by the slip seat, the centralizing seat, and the limit sleeve; A centralizing spring is arranged between the centralizing block and the centralizing seat.

5. The tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, A plurality of positioning track grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the positioning center pipe; The positioning component further includes: a positioning slip ring and a positioning pin; The main body of the positioning pin is installed in the radial positioning hole of the positioning slip ring, and the end of the positioning pin is located in the positioning track groove; The positioning pin and the positioning slip ring are installed in the second limiting space formed by the centralizing seat, the limit sleeve, and the positioning center pipe, and the positioning pin and the positioning slip ring can rotate circumferentially.

6. The tool according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positioning track groove includes: an upper positioning track groove and a lower positioning track groove; The upper positioning track groove includes a first inclined surface guiding section and a first vertical section; The plurality of upper positioning track grooves include a plurality of upper positioning short grooves and a plurality of upper positioning long grooves. The length of the first vertical section of the upper positioning long groove is greater than the length of the first vertical section of the upper positioning short groove; The upper positioning short grooves and the upper positioning long grooves are arranged alternately.

7. The tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower positioning track groove includes a second inclined surface guiding section and a second vertical section; The lower positioning track groove includes a second inclined surface guiding section, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the first inclined surface guiding section of the corresponding upper positioning track groove.

8. The tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the positioning pin is located in the upper positioning short groove and the upper positioning long groove, the cone is located inside the slip; When the positioning pin is located in the lower positioning track groove, the cone is separated from the slip.

9. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A transposition track groove is provided on the outer surface of the lower central rod, and the positioning center system further includes: a transposition slip ring and a transposition pin; The main body of the transposition pin is installed in the radial transposition hole of the transposition slip ring, and the end of the transposition pin is located in the transposition track groove; The transposition slip ring and the transposition pin are installed in the third limiting space formed by the limiting cylinder, the limiting joint and the lower central rod, and the transposition pin and the transposition slip ring can rotate circumferentially.

10. The tool according to claim 9, wherein, The transposition track groove includes an upper transposition track groove and a lower transposition track groove; The upper transposition track groove includes a third inclined surface guiding section and a third vertical section; The plurality of upper transposition track grooves include a plurality of upper transposition short grooves and a plurality of upper transposition long grooves, and the length of the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove is greater than the length of the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove; The upper transposition short grooves and the upper transposition long grooves are arranged alternately.

11. The tool according to claim 10, wherein, The lower transposition track groove includes a fourth inclined surface guiding section and a fourth vertical section; The lower transposition track groove includes a fourth inclined surface guiding section, and the inclination direction is opposite to that of the third inclined surface guiding section of the corresponding upper transposition track groove.

12. The tool according to claim 10, wherein, A limiting block is welded on the surface of the lower central rod; The limiting block is located above the upper transposition short groove and is on the same straight line as the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove.

13. The tool according to claim 12, wherein, Axially through grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the transposition slip ring. The central connection line of the axially through grooves is perpendicular to the central connection line of the radial transposition holes in the middle radial section, so that during the up-and-down movement of the tool, the limiting block passes through the axially through grooves.

14. The tool according to claim 10, wherein, An adjusting ring is fixed on the surface of the lower central rod by a first fixing pin; The adjusting ring is located below the connecting collar and is connected to the surface of the lower central rod through a thread pair; The adjusting ring is located above the upper transposition long groove and is on the same straight line as the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove; The distance between the lower end surface of the adjusting ring and the lower end surface of the limiting block is equal to the designed distance between the outlet of the guide track and the window of the casing window.

15. The tool according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, When the lower surface of the limiting block contacts the upper surface of the transposition slip ring, the transposition pin is located in the third vertical section of the upper transposition short groove; When the lower surface of the adjusting ring contacts the upper surface of the transposition slip ring, the transposition pin is located in the third vertical section of the upper transposition long groove.

16. The tool according to claim 1, wherein, An anti-rotation groove is also provided on the outer surface of the lower central rod; the positioning center system further includes: a second fixing pin; The second fixing pin is threadedly connected to the fixing sleeve, and the end of the fixing pin is located in the anti-rotation groove.

17. A method for positioning and transposing using the downhole precise positioning and transposing tool according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein, Including: Lower the tool to the designed position by using the tubing, lift and lower the tubing string, and position and suspend the tool; After the tool is positioned and suspended, record the first wellhead hanging weight of the tubing string at a preset position from the wellhead; lift and lower the tubing string again, and record the second wellhead hanging weight of the tubing string at the same preset position; Compare the first wellhead hanging weight and the second wellhead hanging weight. If the first wellhead hanging weight is greater than the second wellhead hanging weight, lift and lower the tubing string again for transposition.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, Lifting and lowering the pipe string and positioning and suspending the tool, including: During the process of positioning and suspending the tool, observe whether the setting tonnage meets the preset requirements. If not, lift the pipe string to release the seal, and then lower the pipe string. After multiple liftings and lowerings, until the setting tonnage after lowering the pipe string meets the preset requirements.

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