Irregular swing type wave energy capturing device and cathode protection application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an irregular swing type wave energy capturing device and cathode protection application thereof, and relates to the technical field of new energy, the irregular swing type wave energy capturing device comprises a ship-shaped shell, and a pendulum bob, an elastic body and a power generation unit which are arranged in the ship-shaped shell; the ship-shaped shell comprises a top surface, side surfaces and an arc-shaped bottom surface; the elastic body is fixed on the top surface; the pendulum bob is rotatably fixed on the side surface and swings along the arc-shaped bottom surface; the power generation unit is fixed to the top face and located between the elastic body and the pendulum bob. The irregular swing type wave energy capturing device is designed on the basis of the friction nanometer power generation principle, large-scale water wave energy collection and utilization are achieved, and cathode protection of metal can be achieved through the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technologies, and more specifically, to an irregular swing type wave energy capture device and its cathodic protection application. Background Art

[0002] Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by the ocean, which means that most coastal areas around the world have wave energy resources. Different from the regional limitations of wind energy and solar energy, wave energy has a relatively stable resource distribution in many coastal countries and regions. Its volatility and intermittency are relatively small, and it can provide a more continuous energy output, which has become an important way to solve the energy crisis. However, at present, the collection and conversion of wave energy still face technical and economic challenges, especially in how to efficiently and low-costly capture and convert wave energy.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have become an important breakthrough in the field of wave energy collection due to their advantages such as simplicity, low cost, and easy large-scale deployment. TENGs convert mechanical energy in the environment (such as the undulation of waves) into electrical energy through triboelectric effects, and can provide self-powered support for sensors, communication devices, or small power systems in the ocean. Compared with traditional wave energy generation devices, TENGs have shown unique advantages in the ability to capture tiny mechanical energy and can still work efficiently in low-frequency and low-amplitude wave environments. Therefore, using TENGs to collect wave energy can not only effectively supplement the shortage of traditional energy sources, but also promote the development of green energy, providing a new solution to address the global energy crisis and environmental problems.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve large-scale water wave energy collection based on the triboelectric nanogeneration principle and improve the utilization rate of wave energy is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an irregular swing type wave energy capture device and its cathodic protection application. An irregular swing type wave energy capture device is designed based on the triboelectric nanogeneration principle to achieve large-scale collection and utilization of water wave energy, and cathodic protection of metals can be achieved using this device.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An irregular swing type wave energy capture device, comprising a boat-shaped housing, and a pendulum, an elastic body, and a power generation unit arranged inside the boat-shaped housing;

[0008] The boat-shaped housing includes a top surface, side surfaces, and an arc-shaped bottom surface; the elastic body is fixed on the top surface; the pendulum is rotatably fixed on the side surface and swings along the arc-shaped bottom surface; the power generation unit is fixed on the top surface and is located between the elastic body and the pendulum.

[0009] The technical effect of the above technical solution is that the boat-shaped outer shell forms a sealed space to prevent the device from being eroded by seawater. The pendulum plays a role in energy capture. When waves come, the pendulum will float up and down with the wave crests and troughs, thereby converting the irregular wave energy into mechanical energy, which in turn squeezes the power generation unit. The power generation unit generates electrical energy through friction. At the same time, the elastomer is used to connect the boat-shaped outer shell and the power generation unit and provide elastic support for the power generation unit.

[0010] Preferably, a shaft rod is fixed between the two sides of the boat-shaped outer shell. A bearing is sleeved on the shaft rod, and the shaft rod and the bearing are in interference fit. The top end of the pendulum is fixedly connected to the bearing, and the pendulum can swing around the shaft rod. The bearing supports the pendulum and transmits power, enabling the pendulum to swing smoothly and steadily, and converting wave energy into mechanical energy.

[0011] Preferably, the elastomer is a right triangular prism. The long rectangular side of the right triangular prism is fixed on the top surface of the boat-shaped outer shell, and the inclined rectangular side faces the direction of the pendulum.

[0012] Preferably, a set of power generation units and elastomers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pendulum.

[0013] Preferably, the wave energy capture device includes several groups of pendulums, elastomers and power generation units.

[0014] Preferably, the power generation unit includes several groups of power generation sheets and several groups of rectifier bridges. All the power generation sheets are stacked and fixedly connected using polyimide tape. Each group of power generation sheets includes two groups of power generation plates and a connecting layer. The connecting layer is an arc-shaped sheet-like elastic structure. The two groups of power generation plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the connecting layer; the connecting layer is fixed on the inclined rectangular surface of the elastomer; the power generation plate includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, a support layer and a friction layer; the layer structure at one end of the connecting layer is successively the first electrode layer, the connecting layer, the support layer, the second electrode layer and the friction layer, and the layer structure at the other end of the connecting layer is successively the first electrode layer, the support layer, the connecting layer, the second electrode layer and the friction layer. The friction layer at one end of the connecting layer is arranged opposite to the first electrode layer at the other end; the two electrode layers of each group of power generation plates are respectively connected to a rectifier bridge through wires, and several rectifier bridges are connected in parallel. The power generation principle of the power generation unit is simple and low-cost triboelectric power generation, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Each electrode is respectively led out with a wire and connected to a rectifier bridge. Multiple groups of rectifier bridges are connected in parallel to convert the generated alternating current into direct current for output.

[0015] Preferably, the arc-shaped middle sections of the connecting layers of all the power generation sheets are fixedly bundled together using polyimide tape, and adjacent power generation plates are connected at intervals using polyimide tape to ensure their uniform dispersion.

[0016] Preferably, the pendulum is a hollow fan-shaped prism structure. The top edge of the fan-shaped prism is fixedly connected to the bearing, and weights can be filled into the pendulum according to the required weight.

[0017] Preferably, the friction layer is a composite dielectric layer PMP film composed of polyacrylonitrile fiber, MXene, and PTFE; the electrode layer is a copper film; the support layer and the connection layer are PET films respectively.

[0018] Preferably, there are at least two groups of power generation units arranged on one side of the pendulum.

[0019] Preferably, the boat-shaped housing is prepared by laser cutting technology, with a length of 180 mm, a radius of the arc-shaped bottom surface of 115 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm for each surface.

[0020] Preferably, the pendulum can be prepared by 3D printing technology, with a height of 99 mm, a width of 55 mm, and a cross-sectional sector angle of 25°.

[0021] Preferably, the shaft rod can be prepared by 3D printing technology, with a length of 200 mm and a diameter of 7 mm.

[0022] Preferably, the bearing is made of plastic nylon PP, with an inner diameter of 7 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm.

[0023] Preferably, the elastomer is prepared by cutting melamine sponge, with a length of 60 mm, a width of 40 mm, and an angle of 25° between the inclined rectangular side and the long rectangular side.

[0024] Preferably, the connection layer can be prepared by laser cutting technology, with a material of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a length of 145 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 0.05 mm.

[0025] Preferably, the support layer can be prepared by laser cutting technology, with a material of PET, a length of 60 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm; the electrode layer is prepared by shearing a commercial copper film, with a length of 60 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 0.065 mm.

[0026] Preferably, the friction layer is used for contact electrification, and the preparation steps are as follows:

[0027] Step 1: Prepare a polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane by electrospinning technology;

[0028] Step 11: Dissolve 2.4 g of polyacrylonitrile in 17.6 g of N,N-dimethylformamide, and magnetically stir in a 60°C water bath for 6 hours to obtain a uniform spinning solution with a concentration of 12%;

[0029] Step 12: Select a stainless - steel metal needle with an inner diameter of 0.6 mm. Connect the positive electrode of the electrospinning machine to the stainless - steel metal needle and the negative electrode to the collector wrapped with an aluminum film. Maintain a spinning environment at 20°C and 60% humidity. Adjust the injection pump rate to 0.6 mL / h, apply a voltage of 15 kV, and a receiving distance of 165 mm. Spin for 8 hours to obtain a polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane.

[0030] Step 2: To improve the mechanical properties and structural stability of the membrane, thermally press the polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane in an environment with a temperature range of 60°C - 100°C for 8 hours to obtain a structurally stable polyacrylonitrile fiber layer.

[0031] Step 3: Use a syringe to drop the MXene solution onto the polyacrylonitrile fiber layer and dry it in a vacuum state at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain a PAN / MXene membrane (PM membrane). The dosage of the MXene solution is 0.03 ml / cm 2 ;

[0032] Step 4: Coat a PTFE membrane with a thickness of 130 μm on the upper and lower surfaces of the PM membrane respectively to obtain a PAN / MXene / PTFE composite dielectric layer (PMP membrane), and the PMP membrane is the friction layer.

[0033] Cathodic protection application of an irregular - swing wave energy capture device. The irregular - swing wave energy capture device serves as a power source. Current flows out from the anode through the power source and through the electrolyte (seawater) to the metal to be protected. The current causes the formation of a negative potential on the metal surface, thereby making the metal surface a cathode, effectively slowing down or inhibiting metal corrosion.

[0034] Through the above - mentioned technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an irregular - swing wave energy capture device and its cathodic protection application. Based on the principle of triboelectric nanogeneration, it realizes the collection of wave energy in a swinging state in the marine environment and the self - driven cathodic protection application, providing a new way for the large - scale collection of blue energy and self - driven cathodic protection without an external power source, and also providing a new idea for alleviating energy shortage and environmental pollution. In the present invention, the pendulum structure can effectively convert water wave energy into kinetic energy, and further convert it into electrical energy through the power generation unit to achieve the collection of water wave energy. The device principle and structure are simple, and the components / materials are all common components / materials, which are easy to manufacture, and have the characteristics of being small, simple, efficient, easy to maintain, and low - cost, with excellent electrical output performance. Integrating the power generation unit array and through experimental tests, it is proved that the device has the feasibility of large - scale application for capturing water wave energy in the marine environment. Moreover, using this device, the coupled cathodic protection technology can be realized and applied to the corrosion protection of metals. The potential of 304 stainless steel (304SS) is greatly reduced below the self - corrosion potential, effectively slowing down or inhibiting metal corrosion. Description of the Drawings

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 Front view of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 Top view of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 Side view of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the power generation piece provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the integrated circuit of the power generation unit array provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the test results of the electrical output performance of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the test results of the power supply performance of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cathodic protection potential of the irregular swing type wave energy capture device provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the front and back surface morphologies of the metal to be protected provided by the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention discloses an irregular swing type wave energy capture device, as Figure 1-4 shown, which includes a boat-shaped housing 1, and a pendulum 2, an elastic body 5 and a power generation unit 6 arranged inside the boat-shaped housing 1; the boat-shaped housing 1 includes a top surface, a side surface and an arc-shaped bottom surface; the elastic body 5 is fixed on the top surface; the pendulum 2 is rotatably fixed on the side surface and swings along the arc-shaped bottom surface; the power generation unit is fixed on the top surface and is located between the elastic body and the pendulum.

[0048] When the irregular swing type wave energy capture device floats on the sea, the device is in an initial relatively static state. Assuming that the sea wave acts on the device from the right side, as the wave gradually advances, the pendulum remains stationary under the action of gravity and the driving action of the bearing, and the boat-shaped housing gradually tilts to the left until the side surface of the pendulum completely acts on the power generation unit, making the power generation sheets of the power generation unit in a completely contacting state. Since the two ends of the adjacent sheet layer structure of the power generation unit are connected by an elastic polyimide tape, therefore, in the absence of the driving action of the pendulum, separation will be automatically achieved. When the axis of the device and the wave crest of the sea wave are in the same position, the power generation unit is in a completely separated state. As the wave gradually advances, under the action of the gravity of the pendulum, the device gradually tilts to the right until the side surface of the pendulum completely acts on the power generation unit, making the power generation sheets in a completely contacting state. Due to the existence of the elastic body, the contact and separation state of the unit is made more complete, thereby improving the overall performance and efficiency of the device. As the wave gradually leaves, the device gradually returns to the initial state.

[0049] The wave energy capture device of the present invention will achieve two pendulum swings in one sea wave, prompting a contact and separation process to occur in the power generation units on both the left and right sides respectively, and repeating this cyclic motion continuously to convert the water wave energy into kinetic energy, and finally converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy through the power generation unit to achieve the capture of wave energy.

[0050] Further, a shaft rod 3 is fixed between the two side surfaces of the boat-shaped housing 1, a bearing 4 is sleeved on the shaft rod 3, the shaft rod 3 and the bearing 4 are in interference fit, and the top end of the pendulum 2 is fixedly connected to the bearing 4, and the pendulum 2 can swing around the shaft rod 3. The bearing 4 supports the pendulum 2 and transmits power, enabling the pendulum 2 to swing smoothly and steadily, and converting the water wave energy into mechanical energy.

[0051] Further, the elastic body 5 is a right triangular prism, and the long rectangular side surface of the right triangular prism is fixed on the top surface of the boat-shaped housing, and the inclined rectangular side surface faces the direction of the pendulum.

[0052] Further, a set of power generation units 6 and elastic bodies 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pendulum 2.

[0053] Further, the wave energy capture device includes several groups of pendulums 2, elastic bodies 5 and power generation units 6.

[0054] Further, the power generation unit 6 includes several groups of power generation sheets and several groups of rectifier bridges. All the power generation sheets are stacked and fixedly connected by polyimide tapes. Each group of power generation sheets includes two groups of power generation plates and an adapter layer 7. The adapter layer 7 is an arc-shaped sheet elastic structure. The two groups of power generation plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the adapter layer 7. The adapter layer 7 is fixed on the inclined rectangular surface of the elastomer 5. The power generation plate includes a first electrode layer 8, a second electrode layer 9, a support layer 10 and a friction layer 11. The layer structure at one end of the adapter layer is successively the first electrode layer 8, the adapter layer 7, the support layer 10, the second electrode layer 9 and the friction layer 11. The layer structure at the other end of the adapter layer is successively the first electrode layer 8, the support layer 10, the adapter layer 7, the second electrode layer 9 and the friction layer 11. The friction layer 11 at one end of the adapter layer 7 is arranged opposite to the first electrode layer 8 at the other end. The two electrode layers of each group of power generation plates are respectively connected to a rectifier bridge through wires, and several rectifier bridges are connected in parallel. The arc-shaped middle sections of the adapter layers of all the power generation sheets are fixedly bundled together by polyimide tapes, and adjacent power generation plates are connected at intervals by polyimide tapes 12. The power generation principle of the power generation unit is simple and low-cost triboelectric power generation, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The mutual friction between the friction layer and the electrode layer is converted into electrical energy to capture wave energy.

[0055] The power generation principle of the power generation unit is as follows: Based on the coupled action of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction effects, different polar triboelectric materials come into contact or rub against each other, causing surface charges to form on their contact surfaces. During the process of contact separation, free electrons are prompted to flow in the external circuit, thereby realizing energy conversion. The power generation unit in this embodiment adopts a vertical contact separation mode. When the friction layer (PMP film) and the electrode layer (copper film) come into contact, due to the triboelectrification effect, the PMP film is prone to gain electrons and carry negative charges, while the copper film is prone to lose electrons and carry positive charges. Since the charges are only confined to the surface and two equal amounts of opposite charges are on the same plane, there is no potential difference between the electrodes. When the PMP film and the copper film separate, a potential difference is formed between the two electrodes, and electrons flow between the two electrodes through the electrostatic induction effect, thus generating an induced current. When the PMP film and the copper film come into contact again, electrons flow in the opposite direction between the two electrodes, and the potential difference between the two electrodes begins to gradually disappear, and then an induced current in the opposite direction is generated. By repeating this cyclic motion, the power generation unit continuously generates alternating current.

[0056] Further, the pendulum is a hollow fan-shaped prism structure. The top edge of the fan-shaped prism is fixedly connected to the bearing, and weights can be filled into the pendulum according to the required weight.

[0057] Further, the friction layer is a composite dielectric layer PMP film composed of polyacrylonitrile fiber, MXene, and PTFE; the electrode is a copper film; the support layer and the adapter layer are both PET films.

[0058] Further, no less than two groups of power generation units are arranged on one side of the pendulum.

[0059] On the other hand, in a specific embodiment, the friction layer of the power generation sheet in the power generation unit is used for triboelectrification, and the preparation steps of the friction layer are as follows:

[0060] S1: Prepare a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber membrane using electrospinning technology;

[0061] S11: Dissolve 2.4 g of PAN in 17.6 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and magnetically stir in a 60°C water bath for 6 hours to obtain a uniform spinning solution with a concentration of 12%;

[0062] S12: Select a stainless steel metal needle with an inner diameter of 0.6 mm. Connect the positive electrode of the electrospinning machine to the stainless steel metal needle and the negative electrode to the collector wrapped with an aluminum film. Maintain a spinning environment of 20°C and 60% humidity, adjust the injection pump rate to 0.6 mL / h, apply a voltage of 15 kV, and a receiving distance of 165 mm, and spin for 8 hours to obtain a PAN fiber membrane;

[0063] S2: In order to improve the mechanical properties and structural stability of the membrane, heat press the PAN fiber membrane in an oven at a temperature range of 60°C - 100°C for 8 hours to obtain a structurally stable PAN fiber layer;

[0064] S3: Use a syringe to drop 0.8 ml of the MXene solution onto the 4×6 cm 2 PAN fiber layer, and dry it in a vacuum state at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain a PAN / MXene membrane (PM membrane); the dosage of the MXene solution is approximately 0.03 ml / cm 2 ;

[0065] S4: Coat a PTFE membrane with a thickness of 130 μm on the upper and lower surfaces of the PM membrane respectively to obtain a PAN / MXene / PTFE composite dielectric layer (PMP membrane), and the PMP membrane is the friction layer.

[0066] On the other hand, for the cathodic protection application of an irregular oscillating wave energy capture device, the irregular oscillating wave energy capture device is used as a power source, coupled with cathodic protection technology, and applied to the field of metal corrosion and protection. The current flows out from the anode through the power source and through the electrolyte (seawater) to the metal to be protected. The current causes the formation of a negative potential on the metal surface, thereby making the metal surface a cathode, effectively slowing down or inhibiting metal corrosion.

[0067] On the other hand, in a specific embodiment, for the irregular swing type wave energy capture device, a pendulum is prepared by a 3D printer with a height of 99 mm, a width of 55 mm, and a cross-sectional sector angle of 25°. The inside of the pendulum is printed into a hollow structure. By filling heavy objects into the triangular cone cylinder, the weight of the pendulum is adjusted. The pendulum is used for energy capture. When the wave comes, the pendulum will float up and down with the wave crest and wave trough, thereby converting the irregular water wave energy into mechanical energy. A boat-shaped outer shell with a length of 180 mm, an arc bottom radius of 115 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm for each surface is prepared by a laser cutting machine. The inside of the boat-shaped outer shell is a hollow structure for accommodating internal components. A shaft rod with a length of 200 mm and a diameter of 7 mm is prepared by a 3D printer for supporting the pendulum. A bearing made of plastic nylon PP with an inner diameter of 7 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm is used to support the pendulum and transmit power, enabling the pendulum to swing smoothly and steadily. The bearing is fixedly connected to the pendulum and is interference-fitted on the shaft, and the shaft rod is fixed on the boat-shaped outer shell. The three cooperate with each other to convert water wave energy into mechanical energy. The elastomer is prepared by cutting melamine sponge, with a length of 60 mm, a width of 40 mm, and an angle of 25° between the inclined rectangular side and the long rectangular side. The elastomer plays a role in connection and elastic support. The upper surface of the elastomer is connected to the boat-shaped outer shell, and the inclined surface is connected to the power generation unit.

[0068] Two support layers are prepared and pasted on the left and right inner sides at the opposite ends of the connection layer. Four electrode layers are cut and pasted on the surfaces of the support layers and the left and right outer sides at the opposite ends of the connection layer for transmitting electric energy. A PMP film with the same area is covered on the surfaces of the electrode layer on one inner side and the electrode layer on the other outer side as a friction layer. The other two electrode layers serve as both electrode layers and friction layers. The electrode layer covered by the PMP film serves as the positive electrode, and the electrode layer not covered serves as the negative electrode. Each electrode layer leads out a wire, and the positive and negative electrode layers at one end of the connection layer generate alternating current and are connected to the rectifier bridge.

[0069] Six power generation sheets with the same sheet-like structure are stacked in sequence, and the arc middle section of the connection layer is fixed together with a polyimide tape. Adjacent power generation plates are connected at intervals with a polyimide tape to ensure their uniform dispersion, and one power generation unit is assembled. Four groups of power generation units are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of the pendulum to ensure the stable state of the device.

[0070] The power generation sheet includes a friction layer, an electrode layer, a support layer, and a connection layer, as Figure 5As shown, it is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. One piece of PET film is cut by a laser cutting machine to be used as the connection layer, and two pieces of PET film are cut to be used as the support layers, which are respectively pasted on the left and right sides of the connection layer. Four pieces of copper film are cut to be used as the electrode layers and are respectively pasted on the surface of the support layer and the back of the symmetric connection layer for transmitting electrical energy. A friction layer with the same area is covered on the surfaces of the two electrode layers.

[0071] The PMP film and the copper film are adjacent to each other in turn for mutual friction. As a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), it outputs alternating current. A wire is led out from each copper film and connected to a rectifier bridge to convert the alternating current of the TENG into direct current. Each TENG is connected in parallel, and finally, the four power generation units are connected in parallel. The overall circuit connection of the device is as Figure 6 shown.

[0072] Furthermore, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film is used as the material for the connection layer and the support layer. The length of the connection layer is 145 mm, the width is 50 mm, and the thickness is 0.05 mm; the length of the support layer is 60 mm, the width is 40 mm, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; laser cutting technology can be selected for preparation.

[0073] Furthermore, copper film is used as the electrode material, with a length of 60 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a thickness of 0.065 mm; it is prepared by shearing commercial copper film.

[0074] Furthermore, PMP film is used as the friction layer material, with a length of 60 mm and a width of 40 mm.

[0075] There is no strict requirement for the size of the whole device. The above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions, or substitutions made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the essence of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0076] The electrical output, charging, and power supply characteristics of the above irregular swing type wave energy capture device are tested, driven by a swing table, and the test results are as Figure 7-8 shown.

[0077] By placing heavy objects in the hollow pendulum to adjust its weight, the influence of pendulums with different weights on the electrical output performance of the power generation unit is explored to determine the optimal weight of the pendulum. The test results are as Figure 7As shown in (a), as the weight of the pendulum increases, both the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current first increase and then decrease. When the mass of the pendulum is 120 g, the electrical output performance is optimal. According to the triboelectric nanogenerator theory, the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator shows a trend of first increasing and then leveling off with the driving force. When the weight of the pendulum is small, the driving force acting on the power generation unit is small, so the electrical output performance is low. When the mass of the pendulum is too large, it is not easy to achieve its own swinging state, and the electrical output performance shows a downward trend. The electrical output performance of the device was tested when different numbers of power generation units were connected in parallel. The test results are as Figure 7 shown in (b) of the figure. The abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents current for the short-circuit current of different numbers of power generation units; when only 1 power generation unit is working, the short-circuit current of the device reaches 30 μA. As the number of power generation units increases, the electrical output performance shows an increasing trend. When 4 power generation units work together, the short-circuit current reaches 70 μA. However, the output does not increase proportionally. The charging characteristics of the device with different numbers of power generation units were further tested. The test results are as Figure 7 shown in (c) of the figure, which represents the charging curves of different numbers of power generation units. The abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents voltage. The test results show that as the number of power generation units increases, the charging speed increases. A 47 μF capacitor can be charged to 10.8 V fastest within 60 seconds, which is attributed to the faster charging speed due to the greater output performance. Based on the above tests, a device with 4 power generation units was prepared in this embodiment, and the power density characteristics of the device under different load resistances were further tested. The test results are as Figure 7 shown in (d) of the figure, which represents the voltage and current under the external load resistance and the peak power density. The abscissa represents the resistance, the left ordinate represents the voltage, and the right ordinate represents the current. The experiment shows that as the external resistance increases, the voltage shows an increasing trend and the current shows a decreasing trend. When the external load is about 1 MΩ, the maximum output power density can reach 124 mW / m².

[0078] Considering the practical value in the marine environment, the output stability of the device was further tested in this patent. The test results are as Figure 8 shown in (a) of the figure. The figure shows the electrical output stability of the device. The abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents current; under the external driving condition of 3 Hz, the short-circuit current of the device remains stable within 10, and as the running time increases, there are some large miscellaneous peaks in the short-circuit current. This is attributed to the excellent insulation of the polymer material, and the charges on the material surface can be maintained for several days. After long-term mutual friction, charge accumulation occurs, and the electrical output performance increases slightly. Further study the charging performance of the device. The test results are as Figure 8As shown in Fig. (b), it represents the charging curves of the device for capacitors with different capacitances. The abscissa represents time, and the ordinate represents voltage. Experiments show that a 4.7 μF capacitor can be charged to 54 V within 90 seconds. As the capacitance of the capacitor increases, the charging charge decreases. The 200 μF capacitor can be charged to a maximum of 4 V within 90 seconds. The monitoring of temperature and humidity in the marine environment is crucial for climate change prediction, marine ecological protection, fishery resource management, and shipping safety. By accurately monitoring temperature and humidity, the changes in the marine environment can be better understood, resource utilization can be optimized, and disaster risks can be reduced. The device is coupled with a 330 μF capacitor to achieve electrical energy storage, and then the capacitor provides a stable power supply for the thermometer to monitor the environmental temperature and humidity, such as Figure 8 As shown in Fig. (c), it represents the charging curve of the device for powering the thermometer. The abscissa represents time, and the ordinate represents voltage. The charging curve of the device applied as a power source for controlling a marine positioning light for wireless signal transmission and powering a wireless signal transmitter was further tested as shown in Figure 8 Fig. (d); when the device works continuously for a period of time and then connects to the wireless signal transmitter, it can successfully transmit signals to the signal receiver, thereby controlling the operation of the marine positioning light. In this way, remote control and automated management can be achieved, energy consumption can be reduced, and it plays a positive role in ensuring the navigation safety of ships.

[0079] The corrosion protection effect of coupling the above irregular swing type wave energy capture device with cathodic protection technology on 304 stainless steel (304SS) with a diameter of 5 mm was tested. A shaking table was used for driving, and an electrochemical workstation was used for characterization. The test results are shown in Figure 9-10 Fig.

[0080] In a seawater environment, the passive film on the surface of 304 stainless steel (304SS) without cathodic protection is damaged by chloride ions, exposing the metal surface and causing local corrosion. When the irregular swing type wave energy capture device is used as a power source, current flows out from the anode through the power source and through the electrolyte (seawater) to the protected metal. The current causes the formation of a negative potential on the metal surface, thereby making the metal surface a cathode, which can effectively slow down or inhibit metal corrosion. When the device is in a swinging state, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. After being connected to the metal, the continuously generated electrons of the device are transported to the surface of 304SS, inhibiting the conversion of iron atoms into iron ions, and thus reducing the corrosion rate of the metal. An electrochemical workstation was used to quantify the anti-corrosion effect. The results are shown in Figure 9As shown in (a), it represents the open-circuit potential change curve, where the abscissa represents time and the ordinate represents potential. The open-circuit potential of 304SS in the seawater environment is stable at -0.18V. After connecting the device, the open-circuit potential drops sharply to -0.43V, a decrease of 250mV. At this time, 304SS almost reaches thermodynamic stability. When the device stops transferring electrons to 304SS, the rise of the potential of 304SS depends on the free diffusion rate of oxygen molecules and the rate of precipitation formed by the combination of iron ions and hydroxides. In 6 cycles, the open-circuit potential shows periodic decreases and recoveries with the connection and disconnection of the device, confirming the effectiveness and repeatability of the self-powered anti-corrosion system based on the device. The Tafel curve was further tested. As Figure 9 shown in (b), it represents the polarization curve. After connecting the device, the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of 304SS shifts negatively, which is consistent with the OCP result. The anodic slope (βa) and cathodic slope (βc) of the Tafel curve decrease, indicating that the kinetic rate of iron atoms losing electrons decreases.

[0081] The surface morphology photos of 304SS show that obvious rust spots grow on the surface of the metal without cathodic protection compared to the metal with cathodic protection, confirming the above conclusion. As Figure 10 shown, Figure 10 in (a) represents the control sample, Figure 10 in (b) represents the metal with cathodic protection, Figure 10 in (c) represents the metal without cathodic protection. The above test results prove the feasibility of the device in collecting water wave energy in the marine environment and its great application potential in self-driven cathodic protection without an external power source.

[0082] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, please refer to the description in the method section.

[0083] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An irregular oscillating wave energy capture device, characterized in that: It comprises a boat-shaped shell, and a pendulum, an elastic body and a power generation unit arranged in the boat-shaped shell; The ship-shaped shell includes a top surface, a side surface and an arc-shaped bottom surface; the elastic body is fixed on the top surface; the pendulum is rotatably fixed on the side surface and swings along the arc-shaped bottom surface; the power generation unit is fixed on the top surface and is located between the elastic body and the pendulum.

2. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shaft is fixed between two side surfaces of the boat-shaped shell, a bearing is sleeved on the shaft, the shaft and the bearing are interference fit, the top of the pendulum is fixedly connected to the bearing, and the pendulum swings around the shaft.

3. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic body is a right-angled triangular prism, the long rectangular side of the right-angled triangular prism is fixed on the top surface of the boat-shaped shell, and the oblique rectangular side faces the direction of the pendulum.

4. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A group of power generation units and elastic bodies are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pendulum.

5. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation unit includes several groups of power generation sheets and several groups of rectifier bridges. All the power generation sheets are stacked and fixedly connected. Each group of power generation sheets includes two groups of power generation plates and a connecting layer. The connecting layer is an arc-shaped sheet elastic structure. The two groups of power generation plates are respectively arranged at the two ends of the connecting layer; the connecting layer is fixed on the oblique rectangular surface of the elastic body; the power generation plate includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, a supporting layer and a friction layer; the layer structure at one end of the connecting layer is the first electrode layer, the connecting layer, the supporting layer, the second electrode layer and the friction layer in sequence, and the layer structure at the other end of the connecting layer is the first electrode layer, the supporting layer, the connecting layer, the second electrode layer and the friction layer in sequence, and the friction layer at one end of the connecting layer is arranged opposite to the first electrode layer at the other end; the two electrode layers of each group of power generation plates are respectively connected to a rectifier bridge through wires, and several rectifier bridges are connected in parallel.

6. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arc-shaped middle sections of the connecting layers of all the power generation sheets are fixedly bound together by using polyimide tape, and adjacent power generation sheets are connected at intervals by using the polyimide tape.

7. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pendulum is a hollow fan-shaped prism structure, and the top edge of the fan-shaped prism is fixedly connected to the bearing.

8. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The friction layer is a composite dielectric layer PMP membrane composed of polyacrylonitrile fiber, MXene, and PTFE; the electrode layer is a copper membrane; the support layer and the connecting layer are PET films respectively.

9. The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps for preparing the friction layer are: Step 1: preparing polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane by electrospinning technology; Step 2: hot-pressing the polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane in an environment with a temperature range of 60° C. to 100° C. to obtain a polyacrylonitrile fiber layer; Step 3: Drop the MXene solution on the polyacrylonitrile fiber layer and dry it under vacuum at room temperature to obtain a PM film; Step 4: Coat the upper and lower surfaces of the PM membrane with PTFE membranes to obtain a composite dielectric layer PMP membrane.

10. An application of cathodic protection for an irregular oscillating wave energy capture device, characterized in that: The irregular oscillating wave energy capture device described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used as a power source, and the current flowing out of the anode of the power source flows to the protected metal through the electrolyte, and the metal surface serves as a cathode.

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