Virtual instrument board clamping system based on USB bus

Abstract

The invention discloses a virtual instrument board card system based on a USB bus, relates to the technical field of virtual instruments, and controls each unit board card to execute signal output through a virtual instrument interface; signal data acquisition is carried out based on signal output executed by each unit board card, and the acquired signal data are transmitted through a USB bus; receiving the signal data, and analyzing the signal data in real time; based on real-time analysis of the signal data, a computer image interface is used for displaying a test result; virtual instrument adjusting parameters of a user are obtained through a graphical interface, then the virtual instrument adjusting parameters are transmitted through a USB bus, and hardware behaviors are adjusted according to the received virtual instrument adjusting parameters; and monitoring the virtual instrument test process in real time, and judging whether alarm information needs to be provided for a user by using the virtual instrument interface or not according to a real-time monitoring result. Real-time monitoring and convenient adjustment of the test process are realized, and the test precision and the user experience are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of virtual instruments, and specifically to a virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of technology and industrial automation, traditional hardware instrument devices have certain limitations in terms of flexibility, scalability, cost, and function update. Traditional test systems often tightly integrate hardware and software, restricting the flexibility and scalability of the system. Moreover, the synchronization between signal output and data acquisition is not perfect, resulting in the accuracy of test results being affected. At the same time, after data acquisition in many traditional systems, analysis and feedback require a long time, which is not suitable for real-time test requirements.

[0003] The popularization of the USB bus has facilitated the development of virtual instrument systems. Compared with traditional instrument systems based on interfaces such as PCI and ISA, USB has higher compatibility and a more convenient connection method, with broad application prospects.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus, which solves the problems of complex, inflexible traditional instrument test systems and low data transmission efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus, including: a signal generation module for controlling each unit board to execute signal output through a virtual instrument interface; a data acquisition module for performing signal data acquisition based on the signal output executed by each unit board and transmitting the acquired signal data through the USB bus; a data analysis module for receiving the signal data and performing real-time analysis on the signal data; a virtual instrument display module for displaying test results using a computer graphic interface based on the real-time analysis of the signal data; a control and adjustment module for obtaining virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user through a graphical interface, then transmitting the virtual instrument adjustment parameters through the USB bus, and adjusting the hardware behavior according to the received virtual instrument adjustment parameters; an anomaly monitoring module for performing real-time monitoring on the virtual instrument test process and determining whether to provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface according to the real-time monitoring results.

[0007] Further, the specific analysis of controlling each unit board to execute signal output through the virtual instrument interface is as follows: Obtain the signal parameters required by the user input based on the virtual instrument interface, where the signal parameters include signal type, signal frequency, signal amplitude, and phase; perform range verification on the obtained signal parameters, and then convert the signal parameters after range verification into the format processed by the unit board; for the signal parameters converted into the format processed by the unit board, generate corresponding control instructions, where the control instructions include the specific values of the signal parameters and the command to execute signal output; transmit the generated control instructions to the specified unit board through the USB bus, then parse the control instructions, and generate corresponding signals based on the specific values of the signal parameters in the control instructions.

[0008] Further, the specific analysis of performing signal data acquisition based on the signal output executed by each unit board and transmitting the acquired signal data through the USB bus is as follows: Use a converter to acquire the signals output by the unit board; perform preprocessing on the acquired signal data, and the preprocessing includes filtering, amplification, and linearization; perform packet processing on the preprocessed signal data, and then transmit the packetized signal data through the USB bus. The signal data specifically includes signal parameters and acquisition parameters, and the acquisition parameters include sampling rate, resolution, number of acquisition channels, and data buffer size.

[0009] Further, the specific analysis process of receiving signal data and performing real-time analysis on the signal data is as follows: Obtain the signal data and perform preprocessing on the signal data, and the preprocessing includes denoising, filtering, and calibration; extract signal feature information based on the preprocessed signal data, where the signal feature information includes signal peak value, signal valley value, signal mean value, and signal variance; set the range that the signal feature information conforms to based on the signal requirements, where the range that the signal feature information conforms to includes the range that the signal peak value conforms to, the range that the signal valley value conforms to, the range that the signal mean value conforms to, and the range that the signal variance conforms to; compare the signal feature information extracted from the signal data obtained in real time with the corresponding range that the signal feature information conforms to respectively. When there is signal feature information that does not belong to the range that the signal feature information conforms to, trigger an adjustment requirement, and then obtain the adjusted signal data for further comparison of signal feature information; perform waveform analysis, spectrum analysis, and correlation analysis on the signal after comparing the signal feature information, and then display the analysis result of the signal, that is, the test result, on the computer image interface. The analysis result of the signal includes the signal waveform diagram, signal amplitude diagram, signal frequency distribution, and the correlation between different signals.

[0010] Further, the analysis result of the signal includes the specific values of the signal parameters, the signal waveform diagram, the signal amplitude diagram, the signal frequency distribution, and the correlation between different signals.

[0011] Further, the specific analysis of obtaining the virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user through the graphical interface, and then transmitting the virtual instrument adjustment parameters through the USB bus and adjusting the hardware behavior according to the received virtual instrument adjustment parameters is as follows: Obtain the virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user, and the virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user specifically include signal generation adjustment parameters, data acquisition adjustment parameters, data analysis adjustment parameters, and configuration adjustment parameters; the signal generation adjustment parameters specifically include signal output frequency, signal waveform, signal amplitude, and signal phase; the data acquisition adjustment parameters specifically include data sampling rate, data acquisition resolution, data acquisition trigger voltage value, and data acquisition duration; the data analysis adjustment parameters specifically include signal processing filter type, data analysis window function, and data analysis range; the configuration adjustment parameters specifically include unit board selection, channel configuration selection, and clock source selection; Package the virtual instrument adjustment parameters to form a virtual instrument adjustment data packet, and then use the USB bus to transmit the virtual instrument adjustment data packet to the target unit board; Analyze the virtual instrument adjustment data packet, and then adjust the internal settings and behaviors according to the analyzed virtual instrument adjustment data packet.

[0012] Further, the specific analysis of monitoring the virtual instrument test process in real time and determining whether to provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface according to the real-time monitoring results is as follows: Obtain monitoring data, and the monitoring data includes hardware monitoring data, signal quality monitoring data, and software monitoring data; the hardware monitoring data specifically includes the working state of the unit board, the USB interface state, and the power supply state; the signal quality monitoring data is specifically the signal frequency stability; the software monitoring data is specifically the throughput state, the resource occupancy state, and the data analysis accuracy; Preprocess the monitoring data, and the preprocessing includes denoising, smoothing the data, and filtering; When there is an abnormality in the working state of the unit board or the USB interface state or the power supply state in the hardware monitoring data, trigger the alarm mechanism and provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface; When the signal frequency stability is lower than the signal frequency stability threshold, trigger the alarm mechanism and provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface; When there is an abnormality in the throughput state, or the resource occupancy state, or the data analysis accuracy is lower than the data analysis accuracy threshold in the software monitoring data, trigger the alarm mechanism and provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] The virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus connects multiple modules to a computer through the USB bus, achieving a high degree of integration of hardware and software. Users can flexibly control the hardware modules through the virtual instrument interface to adapt to different application requirements, with strong scalability and flexibility. The signal generation module can control each unit board card to output various signals in real time, while the data acquisition module can collect signals in real time and transmit them through the USB, ensuring efficient signal processing capabilities and reducing data processing delays. The data analysis module can analyze the collected signal data in real time and display the analysis results through the virtual instrument display module, enhancing the user's operation experience. Users can intuitively see the test results and conduct real-time monitoring. The control and adjustment module provides a graphical interface. Users can adjust the parameters of the virtual instrument and the behavior of the hardware through the interface, making the user operation simpler and more intuitive without the need for too much professional background knowledge. The abnormal monitoring module monitors the test process of the virtual instrument in real time, can quickly identify abnormal situations, and provide alarm information to the user through the virtual instrument interface, improving the reliability and security of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 FIG. is a structural diagram of a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 FIG. is a flowchart of a method for a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of data acquisition of a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the test signal and data flow of a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application, a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus is used to achieve real-time monitoring and convenient adjustment of the test process, significantly improving the test accuracy and user experience.

[0021] The general idea of the embodiments of the present application is as follows: Using the USB bus as the communication medium, connect each hardware module (such as signal generation, data acquisition, etc.) to the computer, combine virtual instrument technology, provide a flexible, efficient, and adjustable test platform, and form a complete virtual instrument test process.

[0022] Please refer toFigure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , embodiments of the present invention provide a technical solution: a virtual instrument board card system based on the USB bus, including: a signal generation module for controlling each unit board card to execute signal output through a virtual instrument interface; a data acquisition module for performing signal data acquisition based on the signal output executed by each unit board card and transmitting the acquired signal data through the USB bus; a data analysis module for receiving the signal data and performing real-time analysis on the signal data; a virtual instrument display module for displaying test results using a computer image interface based on the real-time analysis of the signal data; a control and adjustment module for obtaining virtual instrument adjustment parameters of a user through a graphical interface, and then transmitting the virtual instrument adjustment parameters through the USB bus and adjusting hardware behavior according to the received virtual instrument adjustment parameters; an anomaly monitoring module for performing real-time monitoring on the virtual instrument test process and determining whether to provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface according to the real-time monitoring result.

[0023] Specific hardware in embodiments of the present invention includes: a backplane connector, which includes a backplane body, and a power card slot and a plurality of unit card slots are integrated on the backplane body; and a plurality of functional unit boards, each functional unit board is provided with a backplane connector interface, and the backplane connector interface adopts a standard system bus interface definition and structural dimensions, and different functional unit boards are selected for test operations according to different uses; the power module is used to supply power to the backplane connector and the functional unit boards; the functional unit boards of the backplane connector are respectively inserted into corresponding unit card slots, each corresponding functional unit card slot of the backplane body is used to dock the system bus interface of each functional unit board, and the backplane connector connects the data information of each unit board to an external host computer through a USB interface.

[0024] The unit board card includes, but is not limited to, a voltage measurement card, a data acquisition card, a relay card, a digital input / output card, or a matrix card;

[0025] The bus interface definition includes a set of USB3.0 signals, a 20V power supply, a set of bidirectional synchronous trigger signals, and spare signals; the system bus interface definitions of all functional unit boards are the same, and all communicate with the USB interface through the backplane connector, and the USB interface then communicates with the host computer to realize the interactive control between the unit board card and the host computer;

[0026] The USB interface is specifically a USB3.0 HUB chip with a maximum transmission rate of 5000Mbps, backward compatible with USB2.0, and forward compatible with USB4.0;

[0027] A backplane connector is provided with multiple USB lines, enabling each functional unit board to be connected to an external host computer through USB communication. This allows the entire virtual instrument system to no longer require an internal X86 computer board, and each unit board also no longer needs to install expensive FPGAs and interface chips. It has a simple interface and low cost, and based on the mature USB communication method, it realizes the interconnection of each functional board.

[0028] Among them, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , a virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus includes a backplane connector 10, a power module 20, a USB interface 31, a power card 21, and several functional unit boards 40;

[0029] The backplane connector 10 includes a backplane body 11, and several functional unit card slots 13 are integrated on the backplane body 11;

[0030] Each functional unit board 40 is provided with a backplane connector interface. The backplane connector interface adopts a standard system bus interface definition and structural dimensions, that is, a system bus interface 41 is set, and different functional unit boards 40 are selected according to different uses for test operations;

[0031] The power module 20 is used to supply power to the backplane connector 10 and the functional unit boards 40;

[0032] A power card 21 is inserted into the power slot 12 of the backplane connector 10. The corresponding functional unit boards 40 are respectively inserted into the corresponding unit card slots 13. Each corresponding functional unit card slot 12 of the backplane body 11 is used to dock the system bus interface of each functional unit board 40. The backplane connector 10 connects the data information of each functional unit board 40 to an external host computer 50 through USB serial communication.

[0033] During specific implementation, it also includes a chassis 60 with an aluminum alloy chassis structure. The backplane connector 10, the power card 21, and the functional unit boards 40 are all placed inside the chassis 60;

[0034] The power module 20 outputs a 20V, 10A DC power supply to the backplane connector 10;

[0035] The functional unit boards 40 include, but are not limited to, voltage measurement cards, data acquisition cards, oscilloscope cards, signal generator cards, adjustable digital power supply cards, relay cards, digital input / output cards, or matrix cards;

[0036] The number of functional unit card slots 13 on the backplane body 11 is a multiple of 3, such as 3, 6, 9, etc., up to 126. One or more dedicated

[0037] The HUB chips 301 are interconnected through their cascading interfaces and connected to the corresponding functional unit card slots 13;

[0038] The system bus interface 41 includes a group of USB3.0 buses, a 20V power supply, a group of synchronous trigger signals, and spare signals; the system bus interfaces 41 of all the functional unit boards 40 are defined in the same way and communicate with the USB interface 31 through the backplane connector 10, and the USB interface 31 then communicates with the host computer 50 to realize the interactive control between the functional unit board 40 and the host computer 50;

[0039] The USB interface 31 is specifically a USB3.0 standard interface, backward compatible with the USB2.0 interface and forward compatible with the USB4.0 interface.

[0040] In specific implementation, the backplane connector interfaces of the test unit board 40 are all system bus interfaces 41, and the mechanical dimensions of all the functional unit boards 40 are also unified. The specific dimensions are 100 (length) * 25mm (height), and the length changes according to the chassis size; under the premise of following the system bus standard and standard dimensions, functional unit boards 40 with various functions can be designed and inserted into the backplane body 11 in the chassis 60 to meet different public needs, which is very flexible and convenient; in addition, the test unit board 40 can also realize the hot plug function.

[0041] In specific implementation, the backplane body 11 also externally connects a power card through the system bus interface 41, and the power card is used for system

[0042] Power conversion and power monitoring. The working principle is as follows: A plurality of USB lines are arranged in the backplane connector, so that the functional unit boards inserted into each functional unit card slot connect data information to the external host computer through the USB communication port; since each functional unit board is provided with a backplane connector interface, the backplane connector interface adopts the standard system bus interface definition and structural dimensions, and each corresponding functional unit card slot of the backplane body is used to dock the system bus interface of each functional unit board, which enables the entire multi-functional virtual instrument system to no longer need to internally install X86 computer boards, and each functional unit board also no longer needs to install expensive FPGAs and interface chips. It can complete USB communication connection through the system bus interface, realize signal communication interconnection, control the work of each functional board through the host computer software of the host computer, and realize different measurement or control functions. Its interface is simple and the cost is low. Based on the mature USB communication method, it realizes the interconnection of each functional board.

[0043] The virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus is an innovative test and measurement solution that modularizes the test functions traditionally performed by independent hardware devices and connects to a computer through a standardized USB bus interface. Among the specific key components, the backplane connector assembly, as the core structure of the system, provides a standardized platform on which power management, data communication (through the USB interface), and slots for unit boards are integrated. The backplane design supports the insertion of various types of unit boards, allowing users to flexibly configure the system according to test requirements; the unit board is a modular hardware component that performs specific test functions. Each unit board is designed with an interface compatible with the backplane connector, including a USB3.0 interface for data transmission and a DC power interface for power supply. There are various types of unit boards, such as data acquisition cards for analog and digital signal acquisition, signal processing cards for signal filtering and analysis, waveform generator cards for generating test signals, etc. This virtual instrument board-based system based on the USB bus is widely popular due to its high modularity, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, and is suitable for application scenarios that require frequent changes in test configurations or highly customized test solutions.

[0044] Specifically, the detailed analysis of controlling each unit board to execute signal output through the virtual instrument interface is as follows: Obtain the signal parameters required by the user input based on the virtual instrument interface. The signal parameters include signal type, signal frequency, signal amplitude, and phase; perform range verification on the obtained signal parameters, and then convert the range-verified signal parameters into the format processed by the unit board; for the signal parameters converted into the format processed by the unit board, generate corresponding control instructions. The control instructions include the specific values of the signal parameters and the command to execute signal output; transmit the generated control instructions to the specified unit board through the USB bus, then parse the control instructions, and generate corresponding signals based on the specific values of the signal parameters in the control instructions.

[0045] In this implementation, the signal type refers to the waveform type of the generated signal, such as sine wave, square wave, triangular wave, etc., which is selected by the user through the virtual instrument interface. The interface provides a dropdown box or button, and the user can select the appropriate signal type; the signal frequency represents the frequency of signal change, in hertz (Hz). The user inputs a specific frequency value through the virtual instrument interface, specifically using a text box input or a slider adjustment; the signal amplitude refers to the intensity or amplitude of the signal, in volts (V). The user inputs or adjusts a value through the interface to control the amplitude of the signal; the signal phase represents the initial phase of the signal, describing the offset of the signal waveform. The user inputs a phase value through the interface, in degrees or radians.

[0046] The specific analysis of signal parameter range verification is as follows: After the user inputs signal parameters, range verification is performed to ensure that the input frequency, amplitude, phase, etc. meet the hardware's carrying range. For example, the frequency is within a certain range (such as 10 Hz to 1 MHz), and the amplitude is also limited by the maximum output of the hardware (such as a maximum output of 10 V). During the range verification process, a dynamic verification mechanism can be introduced. If it is detected that the user input value is not within the allowed range, a feedback prompt is given, and it is recommended to modify the input parameters.

[0047] The specific analysis of signal parameter conversion is as follows: The signal parameters after range verification are converted into a format that the unit board can process. For example, the board requires a specific binary encoding or register format to represent these signal parameters. According to the hardware protocol, a parameter conversion module is designed to convert the signal frequency, amplitude, phase, and other parameters input by the user into a specific numerical format.

[0048] Based on the converted signal parameters, control instructions are generated. These instructions include the specific numerical values of the signal parameters (such as frequency, amplitude, phase), as well as the commands for signal output. The specific instruction generation logic is as follows: According to the requirements of signal generation, certain intelligent operations are added. For example, when the frequency changes, the signal output timing is dynamically adjusted, or the output amplitude is adjusted to meet different power requirements.

[0049] The virtual instrument interface can provide a high degree of flexibility. The user can input the signal parameters (such as signal type, frequency, amplitude, phase, etc.) according to the requirements and perform remote control through the virtualization platform. This enables the system to flexibly adapt to various application scenarios; through the interface of the virtual instrument, the entire signal generation and control process is automated. The user does not need to manually operate the hardware board. Just set the parameters on the interface, and the system can automatically execute signal output, effectively reducing human operation errors and improving work efficiency; the virtual instrument interface usually provides graphical displays and real-time feedback, facilitating the user to observe the signal output in real time for debugging and analysis, and can dynamically adjust the parameters to meet the experimental requirements; by controlling the hardware board through the virtual instrument, the hardware cost can be reduced. The virtual instrument platform can simulate various control functions through software, and does not require each function to be implemented by dedicated hardware.

[0050] Specifically, the specific analysis of signal data acquisition based on the signal output executed by each unit board and the transmission of the acquired signal data through the USB bus is as follows: A converter is used to acquire the signal output by the unit board; preprocessing is performed on the acquired signal data, and the preprocessing includes filtering, amplification, and linearization; the preprocessed signal data is packed, and then the packed signal data is transmitted through the USB bus. The signal data specifically includes signal parameters and acquisition parameters, and the acquisition parameters include sampling rate, resolution, number of acquisition channels, and data buffer size.

[0051] In this implementation scheme, the signal amplitude, frequency, and phase are the basic characteristics of the signal, usually obtained through a signal generator or from external devices; the signal type (analog signal, digital signal, etc.) is determined by the hardware of the unit board; the signal source is specifically an external sensor or an internal generator; the sampling rate refers to the number of samples collected per second, which affects the time resolution of the data. Too low a sampling rate will cause signal distortion, while too high a sampling rate may waste computing resources and is set by the acquisition hardware (such as an A / D converter); the resolution represents the degree of detail of the acquired signal, expressed in bits. A high resolution can provide more accurate signal details and is determined by the number of bits of the A / D converter; the number of acquisition channels refers to the number of channels that can simultaneously acquire signals. For example, the unit board may support single-channel or multi-channel input, which is determined by the design of the hardware interface; the size of the data buffer represents the storage space size of the acquired data, which determines the amount of signal data that the system can store and is limited by the acquisition device or the memory size.

[0052] When using the USB bus to transfer the packed data to an external device through an interface, issues such as the USB communication protocol, transmission speed, and error checking need to be considered. The bandwidth and latency of the USB interface also need to be taken into account for the real-time requirements of the acquired data.

[0053] By filtering, amplifying, and linearizing the signal, the quality and accuracy of the acquired signal can be significantly improved, effectively reducing noise interference, increasing the dynamic range and readability of the signal; the USB bus, as a transmission medium, has a high data transmission rate and stability, ensuring that the signal acquisition data of a large amount can be transmitted to the computer or processing system in real time; parameters such as the sampling rate and resolution in the design can ensure that the acquired data meets the requirements in terms of accuracy and time domain; by separating signal acquisition from data transmission, the system can more easily achieve modular design, adapt to different unit boards or transmission protocols, and has good flexibility and scalability; by setting the acquisition and transmission processes, automated acquisition and real-time processing become possible, suitable for application scenarios that require precise and rapid response, such as embedded systems, real-time data monitoring, etc.

[0054] Specifically, the specific analysis process of receiving signal data and performing real-time analysis on the signal data is as follows: Obtain the signal data and perform preprocessing on the signal data, where the preprocessing includes denoising, filtering, and calibration; Extract signal feature information based on the preprocessed signal data, and the signal feature information includes signal peak value, signal valley value, signal mean value, and signal variance; Set the signal feature information compliance range based on the signal requirements, and the signal feature information compliance range includes signal peak value compliance range, signal valley value compliance range, signal mean value compliance range, and signal variance compliance range; Compare the signal feature information extracted from the signal data obtained in real time with the corresponding signal feature information compliance range respectively. When there is signal feature information that does not belong to the signal feature information compliance range, trigger an adjustment requirement, and then obtain the adjusted signal data for further comparison of signal feature information; Perform waveform analysis, spectrum analysis, and correlation analysis on the signal after the signal feature information comparison, and then use the computer image interface to display the analysis result of the signal, that is, the test result. The analysis result of the signal includes a signal waveform diagram, a signal amplitude diagram, a signal frequency distribution, and the correlation between different signals.

[0055] In this implementation plan, the analysis result of the signal includes the specific values of signal parameters, a signal waveform diagram, a signal amplitude diagram, a signal frequency distribution, and the correlation between different signals.

[0056] The signal peak value represents the maximum amplitude or the strongest instantaneous value of the signal, and calculates the maximum value in the signal data through a peak detection algorithm; The signal valley value represents the minimum amplitude or the weakest instantaneous value of the signal, and calculates the minimum value in the signal data through a valley detection algorithm; The signal mean value represents the average value of the signal, which is the average amplitude of the signal over a period of time;. The signal variance represents the degree of fluctuation of the signal, reflecting the stability of the signal, and is obtained by calculating the average of the squares of the differences between the signal values and the mean value. The signal feature information compliance range is determined based on historical data, engineering experience, or other statistical methods.

[0057] The signal waveform diagram displays the waveform of the signal changing with time through a visualization tool, helping to observe the morphological characteristics of the signal, and is drawn by plotting the time-domain change of the signal data through a computer graphics interface (such as Matplotlib, Plotly); The signal amplitude diagram shows the amplitude size of the signal at different time points, helping to observe the intensity change of the signal, and is obtained by calculating the amplitude of the signal and outputting it as a graph; The signal frequency distribution diagram shows the energy distribution of the signal at different frequencies, and is obtained by converting the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain through Fourier transform (FFT) and calculating the distribution of frequency components; The signal correlation analysis specifically analyzes the correlation between different signals to determine whether they have a certain linear or non-linear relationship, and is obtained by calculating the correlation coefficient between the signals (such as Pearson correlation coefficient).

[0058] Emphasize real-time signal processing and analysis, which can timely monitor signal changes and anomalies, and is particularly important for application scenarios with high real-time requirements such as industrial automation and medical monitoring; through denoising, filtering, and calibration, ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of signal data, and avoid incorrect analysis caused by signal interference or equipment errors; based on real-time signal feature comparison, trigger an adjustment mechanism. When the signal data does not meet the preset range, automatically adjust system parameters to restore the normal state of the signal, reducing the need for human intervention; through various methods such as waveform analysis, spectrum analysis, and correlation analysis, understand the signal changes from multiple dimensions and obtain comprehensive signal information; the results are displayed through a computer image interface, including waveform diagrams, spectrum diagrams, signal amplitude diagrams, etc., facilitating quick identification of anomalies and making responses.

[0059] Specifically, the specific analysis of obtaining the virtual instrument adjustment parameters from the user through the graphical interface, then transmitting the virtual instrument adjustment parameters using the USB bus, and adjusting the hardware behavior according to the received virtual instrument adjustment parameters is as follows: Obtain the virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user. The virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user specifically include signal generation adjustment parameters, data acquisition adjustment parameters, data analysis adjustment parameters, and configuration adjustment parameters; the signal generation adjustment parameters specifically include signal output frequency, signal waveform, signal amplitude, and signal phase; the data acquisition adjustment parameters specifically include data sampling rate, data acquisition resolution, data acquisition trigger voltage value, and data acquisition duration; the data analysis adjustment parameters specifically include signal processing filter type, data analysis window function, and data analysis range; the configuration adjustment parameters specifically include unit board selection, channel configuration selection, and clock source selection; encapsulate the virtual instrument adjustment parameters to form a virtual instrument adjustment data packet, and then use the USB bus to transmit the virtual instrument adjustment data packet to the target unit board; parse the virtual instrument adjustment data packet, and then adjust the internal settings and behavior according to the parsed virtual instrument adjustment data packet.

[0060] In this implementation scheme, the signal output frequency refers to the frequency of the signal output by the signal generator, which is set by the user and adjusted according to different application scenarios; the signal waveform refers to the form of the signal, which may be a sine wave, a square wave, a triangular wave, etc.; the signal amplitude refers to the amplitude size of the signal; the signal phase refers to the initial phase offset of the signal waveform; the data sampling rate refers to the number of data points collected per second, measured in Hz; the data acquisition resolution refers to the accuracy of data acquisition, expressed in bits (such as 8 bits, 12 bits, etc.); the data acquisition trigger voltage value refers to the voltage threshold of the trigger signal when collecting data, and the user sets the voltage threshold through the interface; the data acquisition duration refers to the time length of data acquisition, and the user selects the duration of acquisition in the interface; the signal processing filter type refers to the filtering method applied to the acquired signal, such as a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, and the user selects the filter type in the interface; the data analysis window function is used to window the signal analysis (such as Hamming window, rectangular window, etc.) and weight the data with the window function; the data analysis range defines the time interval or frequency range of data analysis, and the user specifies the interval or range; the unit board selection refers to selecting the hardware unit board to be used; the channel configuration selection refers to selecting which channels in the hardware are used for signal transmission or data acquisition; the clock source selection specifically refers to selecting the source of the system clock, which can be an external clock source or an internal clock.

[0061] The adjustment parameters are obtained through a graphical interface, enabling the user to set them intuitively and conveniently. The user does not need to deeply understand the specific details of the hardware and only needs to adjust the parameters through the interface; the user is allowed to adjust the behavior of multiple virtual instruments as needed (such as signal generation, data acquisition, data analysis, and configuration). The parameters are transmitted through the USB bus, enabling flexible adjustment of the hardware behavior and having a certain degree of scalability to support the addition of possible new hardware or new functions in the future; through the high-speed transmission of the USB bus, the adjustment of the virtual instrument can be instantaneously fed back to the hardware, ensuring that the behavior of the hardware can immediately respond to the user's adjustment. Packing and transmitting the adjustment data of the virtual instrument to the hardware can automatically adjust the settings of the hardware, reduce manual intervention, and improve the operation efficiency; the USB interface is a universal standard, and almost all modern computers and hardware support the USB interface, enabling the system to be conveniently connected to various devices and run across platforms.

[0062] Specifically, the specific analysis of real-time monitoring of the virtual instrument test process and determining whether to provide alarm information to the user through the virtual instrument interface based on the real-time monitoring results is as follows: Obtain monitoring data, which includes hardware monitoring data, signal quality monitoring data, and software monitoring data; the hardware monitoring data specifically includes the working status of unit boards, the status of USB interfaces, and the power supply status; the signal quality monitoring data is specifically the signal frequency stability; the software monitoring data is specifically the throughput status, resource occupancy status, and data analysis accuracy; preprocess the monitoring data, and the preprocessing includes denoising, smoothing the data, and filtering; when there is an abnormality in the working status of the unit board, the USB interface status, or the power supply status in the hardware monitoring data, trigger the alarm mechanism and provide alarm information to the user through the virtual instrument interface; when the signal frequency stability is lower than the signal frequency stability threshold, trigger the alarm mechanism and provide alarm information to the user through the virtual instrument interface; when there is an abnormality in the throughput status, or the resource occupancy status, or the data analysis accuracy is lower than the data analysis accuracy threshold in the software monitoring data, trigger the alarm mechanism and provide alarm information to the user through the virtual instrument interface.

[0063] In this implementation, the working status of the unit board represents monitoring the working status of each hardware unit board (such as normal operation, fault status), reflecting whether the hardware can operate stably; the USB interface status is used to detect the connection between the virtual instrument and external devices. If the USB interface fails, it will cause data transmission problems; the power supply status represents monitoring the stability and working status of the power supply. If the power supply is abnormal, it will cause the device to fail to start or operate normally; the signal frequency stability represents monitoring the frequency stability of the signal. A large frequency fluctuation may affect the accuracy of the data and the test results; the throughput status is used to monitor the data throughput of the system, reflecting whether the processing capacity meets the expectations. An abnormal throughput may indicate that the system load is too high or there are data flow problems; the resource occupancy status represents monitoring the occupancy of resources such as the CPU and memory. Excessive resource occupancy may lead to a decline in system performance; the data analysis accuracy is used to detect the accuracy of the data analysis results. If there are large deviations in the data analysis results, it may affect the effectiveness and accuracy of the test.

[0064] Hardware monitoring data is obtained by directly accessing hardware interfaces, sensors, board controllers, etc. The working status of specific unit boards can be detected through hardware interfaces or driver programs. The USB interface status is obtained through the system USB manager, driver programs, or dedicated monitoring tools. The power status is obtained by monitoring voltage and current data through the power management module or hardware interfaces. Signal quality monitoring data is detected by tools such as spectrum analyzers, oscilloscopes, or signal generators. Frequency stability is directly measured by a spectrum analyzer or the frequency fluctuation of the output signal is viewed through a signal generator. Software monitoring data is obtained through the API interfaces of software, system resource management tools, and data analysis modules. Among them, the throughput status monitors the data transmission rate through network or system monitoring tools. The resource occupancy status can be collected through the performance monitoring tools of the operating system (such as CPU and memory usage). The accuracy of data analysis can be calculated by comparing the expected value with the actual analysis result. The setting of the signal frequency stability threshold and the data analysis accuracy threshold is based on test requirements, device specifications, or system performance standards.

[0065] Real-time monitoring of hardware, signals, and software can help detect potential problems in a timely manner, prevent the expansion of faults, and reduce the fault risk of the system. Automatically judging whether there is an abnormality based on the monitoring data and giving an alarm reduces the need for manual intervention and improves the response efficiency. Automatic anomaly detection is performed according to different data monitoring dimensions, such as hardware status, signal quality, and software status, making the system operation more intelligent. Through the virtual instrument interface, the current system status can be quickly understood, alarm information can be processed in a timely manner, and unnecessary delays or faults can be reduced.

[0066] In summary, this application has at least the following effects:

[0067] By integrating functions such as signal generation, data acquisition, data analysis, display, control and regulation, and anomaly monitoring into a virtual instrument board-based system on a USB bus, the structure of the test system is greatly simplified, and the integration degree of the system is improved. At the same time, users can flexibly adjust the parameters of the virtual instrument through a graphical interface to meet different test requirements, enhancing the flexibility of the system. Using the USB bus for signal data transmission has a higher data transmission rate and lower latency compared to traditional methods, ensuring the real-time nature and accuracy of signal data and providing strong support for real-time analysis. The data analysis module can receive and analyze signal data in real time, while the virtual instrument display module can display the test results in real time based on the analysis results, enabling users to quickly understand the performance status of the device under test and improving the test efficiency and accuracy. The anomaly monitoring module can monitor the test process of the virtual instrument in real time. Once an abnormal situation is detected, it can immediately provide an alarm message to the user through the virtual instrument interface, helping the user to promptly discover and handle problems and avoiding test interruption or data loss caused by failures. The virtual instrument board-based system on a USB bus reduces the dependence on traditional hardware instruments and lowers the cost of the test system. At the same time, due to the high integration of the system, maintenance and upgrade become more convenient.

[0068] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a system. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0069] The present invention is described with reference to the structural diagrams of the systems according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the combination of each structure in the structural diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processors of general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, embedded processors, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processors of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in each structure of the structural diagrams.

[0070] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of guiding a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means for implementing the functions specified in each structure of the structural diagrams.

[0071] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing steps for implementing the functions specified in each structure in the structural diagram by the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus.

[0072] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art once they learn the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to cover the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0073] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A virtual instrument board system based on USB bus, characterized in that: include: A signal generation module is used to control each unit board to execute signal output through a virtual instrument interface; A data acquisition module is used to collect signal data based on the signal output executed by each unit board, and transmit the collected signal data through a USB bus; A data analysis module, used for receiving signal data and performing real-time analysis on the signal data; Virtual instrument display module, used for real-time analysis based on signal data, and displaying test results using a computer graphics interface; The control and adjustment module is used to obtain the user's virtual instrument adjustment parameters through a graphical interface, and then transmit the virtual instrument adjustment parameters using a USB bus, and adjust the hardware behavior according to the received virtual instrument adjustment parameters; The abnormality monitoring module is used to monitor the virtual instrument test process in real time and determine whether it is necessary to provide alarm information to the user using the virtual instrument interface based on the real-time monitoring results.

2. The USB bus-based virtual instrument board system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis of controlling each unit board to execute signal output through the virtual instrument interface is as follows: Acquiring signal parameters required by user input based on a virtual instrument interface, wherein the signal parameters include signal type, signal frequency, signal amplitude and phase; Performing range check on the acquired signal parameters, and then converting the range-checked signal parameters into a format processed by the unit board; Generate corresponding control instructions for the signal parameters converted into the unit board processing format, wherein the control instructions include specific values ​​of the signal parameters and commands for executing signal output; The generated control instruction is transmitted to the specified unit board through the USB bus, and then the control instruction is parsed, and the corresponding signal is generated according to the specific value of the signal parameter in the control instruction.

3. The USB bus-based virtual instrument board system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis of signal data acquisition based on the signal output executed by each unit board and transmission of the acquired signal data through the USB bus is as follows: The converter is used to collect the signal output by the unit board; Preprocess the collected signal data, including filtering, amplification and linearization; The pre-processed signal data is packaged and then transmitted via the USB bus. The signal data specifically includes signal parameters and acquisition parameters. The acquisition parameters include sampling rate, resolution, number of acquisition channels and data buffer size.

4. The USB bus-based virtual instrument board system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis process of receiving signal data and performing real-time analysis on the signal data is as follows: Acquire signal data and preprocess the signal data, including denoising, filtering and calibration; Extracting signal characteristic information based on the preprocessed signal data, wherein the signal characteristic information includes a signal peak value, a signal valley value, a signal mean value, and a signal variance; Setting a signal characteristic information compliance range based on signal requirements, wherein the signal characteristic information compliance range includes a signal peak compliance range, a signal valley compliance range, a signal mean compliance range, and a signal variance compliance range; The signal characteristic information extracted from the signal data acquired in real time is compared with the corresponding signal characteristic information compliance range respectively. When there is signal characteristic information that does not belong to the signal characteristic information compliance range, an adjustment requirement is triggered, and then the adjusted signal data is obtained for further signal characteristic information comparison; The signal after signal feature information comparison is subjected to waveform analysis, spectrum analysis and correlation analysis, and then the analysis results of the signal, i.e., the test results, are displayed using a computer graphic interface. The analysis results of the signal include a signal waveform diagram, a signal amplitude diagram, a signal frequency distribution, and the correlation between different signals.

5. The USB bus-based virtual instrument board system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The analysis results of the signal include specific values ​​of signal parameters, signal waveform diagrams, signal amplitude diagrams, signal frequency distribution and correlations between different signals.

6. According to the USB bus-based virtual instrument board system of claim 1, the virtual instrument adjustment parameters of the user are obtained through a graphical interface, and then the virtual instrument adjustment parameters are transmitted using the USB bus. The specific analysis of adjusting the hardware behavior according to the received virtual instrument adjustment parameters is as follows: Acquire the user's virtual instrument adjustment parameters, wherein the user's virtual instrument adjustment parameters specifically include signal generation adjustment parameters, data acquisition adjustment parameters, data analysis adjustment parameters, and configuration adjustment parameters; The signal generation adjustment parameters specifically include signal output frequency, signal waveform, signal amplitude and signal phase; The data acquisition adjustment parameters specifically include data sampling rate, data acquisition resolution, data acquisition trigger voltage value and data acquisition duration; The data analysis adjustment parameters specifically include signal processing filter type, data analysis window function and data analysis range; The configuration adjustment parameters specifically include unit board selection, channel configuration selection and clock source selection; Encapsulating the virtual instrument adjustment parameters to form a virtual instrument adjustment data packet, and then transmitting the virtual instrument adjustment data packet to the target unit board using a USB bus; The virtual instrument adjustment data packet is parsed, and then the internal settings and behaviors are adjusted according to the parsed virtual instrument adjustment data packet.

7. According to the USB bus-based virtual instrument board system of claim 1, the virtual instrument test process is monitored in real time, and the specific analysis of determining whether it is necessary to use the virtual instrument interface to provide alarm information to the user is as follows: Obtain monitoring data, including hardware monitoring data, signal quality monitoring data, and software monitoring data; The hardware monitoring data specifically includes the unit board working status, USB interface status and power supply status; The signal quality monitoring data is specifically signal frequency stability; The software monitoring data specifically includes throughput status, resource occupancy status and data analysis accuracy; Preprocess the monitoring data, including denoising, data smoothing and filtering; When the hardware monitoring data shows that the working status of the unit board, the USB interface or the power supply is abnormal, the alarm mechanism is triggered and the virtual instrument interface is used to provide alarm information to the user; When the signal frequency stability is lower than the signal frequency stability threshold, the alarm mechanism is triggered and the virtual instrument interface is used to provide alarm information to the user; When the software monitoring data shows that the throughput status is abnormal, or the resource usage status is abnormal, or When the data analysis accuracy is lower than the data analysis accuracy threshold, the alarm mechanism is triggered and the virtual instrument interface is used to provide alarm information to the user.

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